a) called the referendum This Reasons for REASONS FOR BREXIT a) allowed huge increase in b) contributed to a) decision to run economic- causal landscape has been immigration b) Iraq war risk-based campaign and to Causal landscape - Part 2 with the withdrawal from EPP in constructed from the created migration crisis in European Parliament and U-turn play down immigration as ( = key cause) Middle East c) went back on on Lisbon referendum issue b) lack of strategic nous Conclusion chapter of Tiim EU constitution referendum c) assumed that he would win the and clout in campaign Shipman's excellent book All a)'Take Back Control' pledge referendum so renegotiation c) focus on keeping Out War: The Full Story of slogan b) £350m/week EU Conservative party together 2.3 Support from tabloid focused on incremental not How Brexit Sank Britain's cost c) linking immigration radical changes d) no strategic so few attacks to undermine Political Class (William with issues like NHS/ newspapers 3.1 Tony Blair's preparation of groundwork before credibility of Gove and Collins, 2016). economy d) danger of decisions as PM the campaign Johnson d) miscalculation on Turkey joining EU scale of division in the For further information about a) allowed Conservative party this diagram, please go to swing voters not to feel e) developed plans without 2.2 Effective they were voting for UKIP 3.2 David Cameron's knowing intentions of Michael www.makingideasvisual.com/ messaging b) Farage/Banks decisions Gove/ brexit-causal-landscape. campaign provided edgier messages for working 3.3 Problems with David Francis Miller a) quality of strategy class voters Cameron and George a) change in referendum development and execution Osborne's campaign question b) ensuring a b) work on messaging strategy 4-week purdah period 2.4 Benefits of Split responsibilities - c) ensuring the neutrality of having two Leave too many chiefs and the Conservative party campaigns 3.4 Steve Baker and lack of clout 2.1 Dominic his parliamentary d) amendments to Finance Cummings colleagues Bill/Queen's Speech Campaign Director undermined PM and of Vote Leave Chancellor's credibility 4.2 Organisational 3.5 e) insurrection on the weakness 2. Strengths Emergency Budget of the Leave campaigns a) without MG, Boris 3. Contributions 3.6 Michael Gove Johnson may not have of key figures & Boris Johnson a) no tangible message on joined Vote Leave b) without together benefits of staying in b) no 4.3 Weakness of Rejection of MG's support, Dominic clear messaging focus the strategy national/global Cummings may have been c) economic risk-based (see 3.3) elites and their a) made victory sacked as Campaign campaign not powerful policies possible by giving VL Director and VL could have enough if no support from glamour, publicity and imploded c) without MG, tabloids d) little was said on intellectual heft b) number of MPs supporting immigration concerns Low/middle earner strengthened message VL would have been lower e) no understanding of link incomes stagnant of Eurosceptic press c) between economic concerns a) finding that economy Pressure on or dropping incomes ensured that Nigel and immigration would trump Farage wasn't the face 4.1 Campaign immigration with target of the campaign message voters led to Increased demand 4.4 Inaccurate development of a weak 1.3 Dissatisfaction for public services polling strategy b) Stronger In with the results of 3.7 was ahead in their globalisation initially put issue on national 4. Weaknesses polling for much of agenda a) lack of a forceful message & campaign so there was 1.2 High of the Stronger no understanding about immigration weak campaigning due to In campaign ambivalence from Corbyn and the need to change the levels strategy 1. Political & team b) setting up of separate Labour 1.1 Three economic Why the UK voted to Leave campaign so official decades of trends leave the EU 4.5 Labour Remain campaign had less www.makingideasvisual.com Euroscepticism/ Labour input anti-EU coverage Part 2 - v1.1