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Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services

PR&CS Administration 1401 Recreation Way Springs, CO 80905 Agenda

Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services Advisory Board Please silence your phone during the meeting.

Thursday, November 8, 2018 7:30 am Palmer Room

Call to Order

Citizen Discussion Time for any individual to bring before the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board any matter of interest they wish to discuss that is not elsewhere on the agenda. Comments are restricted to three (3) minutes; you will hear an alarm when your time is up. Please contact PR&CS staff no later than the last Wednesday of the month prior if you wish to place a longer presentation on the agenda.

Approval of Minutes- October 11, 2018 Minutes are posted no later than 5:00pm on the Tuesday before the meeting at: https://coloradosprings.gov/city-council/page/parks-and-recreation-advisory-board

Ceremonial items (7:30 a.m. time certain) Medicine Wheel Trail Advocates – Stephanie’s Trail Bridge and Lake David Deitemeyer Moraine Trail

Presentations Strawberry Hill Master Plan Update Chris Lieber Corral Bluffs BioBlitz Britt Haley

Staff Reports Regional Parks, Trails and Open Space Update Scott Abbott Pikes Peak Summit House Update Jack Glavan Water Conservation and Usage Update Eric Becker Prospect Lake Update Kim King

Adjournment

Board Business

COLORADO SPRINGS PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT

PARKS AND RECREATION ADVISORY BOARD ______

Date: November 8, 2018

Item Number: Presentation Item # 1

Item Name: Strawberry Hill Master Plan Update

BACKGROUND: At its May 2018 meeting, the Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services Advisory Board reviewed and approved a park development master plan submitted by N.E.S. on behalf of the Broadmoor Hotel for the Strawberry Hill property. The approved plan included a site design for the 8.5 acre building envelope on the property featuring a small equestrian facility. N.E.S. has submitted a modified site plan for the 8.5 acre building envelope. No material changes are included, however the placement of structures within the building envelope has been modified to capture better views of Mount Muscoco, produce a more appealing trail experience and to further minimize site disturbance. This presentation provides an update for that site plan.

CURRENT STATUS: This presentation provides an update concerning the site plan for the 8.5 acre building envelope proposed as part of the approved park master plan. No additional structures are proposed, however the approved elements have been repositioned within the building envelope for an improved site plan. In this modification, the cabin/stable is repositioned within the building envelope to the west end of the stable area to separate it from the tackroom and paddock area which is located on the east end of the building envelope. The modifications will result in the equestrian facility being less visible from Mesa Avenue which responds to public comment received during the property’s master plan process.

This results in a better sight line looking west toward the cabin to capture the view of Mount Muscoco directly behind the cabin. It produces a better experience for trail users on the South Canon/Chamberlain Trail by providing visual relief across the paddock area which was previously obstructed by the tackroom and stable structure. Finally, the updated positioning of the cabin and tackroom reduces site disturbance by better utilizing previously disturbed land and by reducing the number and height of retaining walls.

Master Plan Update Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services Advisory Board Meeting November 8, 2018 MP Update

• Open Space – No changes proposed • Group Picnic Area – No changes proposed • Stables Area – Update • Minor modification to current approved Master Plan • Program elements remain the same • Stable/cabin building is relocated to west end of stable area • Horse corral/tack room is relocated with east end of stable area Equestrian Stable Area

Current Approved Plan Update MP Update

Re-orientation of Equestrian Stable Area • The update identifies a responsible land use plan for the equestrian stable area: • Stays within Building/Development Envelope • Less visible from Mesa Avenue • Reduced grading and site disturbance • Enhanced South Canyon Trail experience • Enhanced equestrian experience

Update Equestrian Stable Area Cabin

North Elevation

View to West Corral and Tack Room

West Elevation North Elevation Summary

• The update identifies a responsible land use plan for the equestrian stable area: • Conforms with the PK (Parks) Zone • Consistent with the terms of the Land Exchange Agreement • Meets requirements of the Conservations Easement • Stays within Building/Development Envelope • Less visible from Mesa Avenue • Reduces grading and site disturbance • Enhances South Canyon Trail experience • Enhances equestrian experience COLORADO SPRINGS PARKS, RECREATION AND CULTURAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

PARKS, RECREATION AND CULTURAL SERVICES ADVISORY BOARD ______

Date: November 8, 2018

Item Number: Presentation Item # 2

Item Name: 2018 BioBlitz Presentation

Summary: For the 20th Anniversary of the TOPS Program, BioBlitzes were completed on four (4) TOPS properties in 2017. For 2018, Sharon Milito and our wonderful scientists were willing to volunteer for another TOPS BioBlitz. The recently acquired 80 acre parcel located at the Corral Bluffs Open Space was chosen for the event which was on Saturday, September 8th and Sunday, September 9th. During this year’s BioBlitz, a total of 1250 were observed by 18 scientists with 501 species documented on iNaturalist. A special “thank you” to Sharon Milito for volunteering her skills and talent to organize and run the event, to Christi Mehew for organizing the details to make it enjoyable and for the TOPS Ranger Team for providing public hikes and informative subject matter talks while the scientists searched for and documented species.

Background: A BioBlitz, is an intense period of biological surveying in an attempt to record all the living species within a designated area. Groups of scientists, naturalists and volunteers conduct an intensive field study over a continuous time period. In 2017, the first four BioBlitzes of TOPS properties were conducted to help celebrate the 20th anniversary of the TOPS Program and to gather data for future use. In 2018, we decided to conduct another BioBlitz because the science teams and Sharon Milito who leads the BioBlitz activities were willing to return and do this again for a TOPS property.

The Corral Bluffs Open Space was chosen for this year’s BioBlitz because of ongoing purchases of Corral Bluffs property by the City, and to collect explicit ecological data for use in future master planning. Our objectives are to use this information to help create a baseline of resource information with which to develop future natural and cultural resources and public use management strategies.

Science teams were led by and represented by specialists from several regional establishments according to their specialty. • Fort Carson- Roger Peyton; Bats: Colorado Parks & Wildlife- April Estep • Birds Aiken Audubon Society: Anna Joy Lehmicke • Botany Melissa McCormick • Mycology Ed Lebow and Ikuko Lebow; Colorado Mycological Society- Vera Evenson • Mile High Bug Club- Eric Eaton, Heidi Eaton, Bell Mead • Reptiles and Amphibians Lauren Livo; US Fish & Wildlife Service- Max Canestorp • Education and General TOPS Stewardship Rangers.

2018 Corral Bluffs Open Space Bioblitz Report

Presented to City of Colorado Springs TOPS Working Committee Parks Advisory Board

November 7 and 8, 2018

By Sharon Milito Science Education Consultant

Abstract

Due to the success of the 2017 TOPS 20th Anniversary Celebration series of bioblitzes, another bioblitz was conducted at a City of Colorado Springs property in 2018. This event was at Corral Bluffs Open Space on September 8-9. Most of the same biologists that formed last year’s science team continued in 2018.

A total of 1,250 observations were recorded on iNaturalist by 18 people yielding 501 different species.

Introduction

Corral Bluffs Open Space was chosen for this year’s bioblitz because of ongoing purchases of Corral Bluffs property by the City, and to collect explicit ecological data for use in future master planning.

Science teams were led by and represented by specialists from several regional establishments according to their specialty.

• Mammals Fort Carson- Roger Peyton; Bats: Colorado Parks and Wildlife- April Estep • Birds Aiken Audubon Society: Anna Joy Lehmicke • Botany Melissa McCormick • Insects Mile High Bug Club- Eric Eaton, Bell Mead • Reptiles and Amphibians Lauren Livo; US Fish & Wildlife Service- Max Canestorp • Education and General TOPS Stewardship Rangers

The bioblitz was scheduled for September 8-9, however some teams surveyed the area on earlier dates or on more than one occasion. Each team determined their field time and team members. Public hikes were held on Saturday and Sunday and several local organizations set up tables for the public on Saturday morning.

Environment

The environment of Corral Bluffs is unique in the region. Primarily shortgrass and mixed grass ecosystems, the bluffs create a micro-climate semi-desert habitat due to erosion, slope, soil, and orientation. Temperatures at Corral Bluffs can be 10 degrees warmer than in the city of Colorado Springs, or can feel significantly colder due to winds. Because of this there may be species in our region, especially , exclusive to Corral Bluffs.

Limitations

Time is still the greatest limitation when it comes to documenting a complete list of species. The date for the bioblitz had to be changed from June to September due to the springtime discovery of a pair of nesting Golden Eagles in the proximity of the bioblitz base camp location.

Lack of winter, spring, and early summer precipitation also created low numbers of , , and bird diversity.

Also, by September many migratory birds had already left the area for the season.

Objectives • To create a baseline of resource information with which to develop future natural and cultural resources and public use management strategies • To discover and celebrate the resources in our parks and open spaces • To find out what we have, what we need to protect, and what we need to improve • To find out how Corral Bluffs changes over time: how our observations will be different in the future • To involve the public in local science and nature experiences • To use the information gathered for education

Methodology

Leaders of each team gathered their own expert team members. Team sizes ranged from 2-10 members and procedures varied according to specialty. Teams used several different methods for collecting observations, including paper/pencil, global positioning system (GPS) attributes, photographs, and iNaturalist. For consistency, all data were eventually recorded at iNaturalist.org, an online web and smart phone application that records observations, photos, locations and assists in the identification of unknown species.

Mammal live traps were placed onsite on Friday evening. At 8:00 AM each trap was checked, and captured were weighed, measured and recorded and released. A “mist net” was erected over a small spring-fed pool at Jimmy Camp, the nearest source of water on parks property, to capture bats. The team photographed, weighed, measured, and identified all bats and then released them.

Some teams visited Corral Bluffs multiple times during the summer. The herpetology team came out for a day prior to, as well as the days of, the bioblitz. The botany team was on the property early in the summer and again during the bioblitz, catching two plant growth periods. Bats were observed in August.

Additional species collected over time by the Corral Bluffs Alliance (CoBA) friends group were added to the bioblitz data to provide the most comprehensive species list possible. Tass Kelso, former professor from Colorado College worked with Jackie Hilaire in 2010- 2011 to document many plant species, samples of which have been added to the Colorado College Herbarium. Another member of Corral Bluffs Alliance (CoBA), Sharon Milito, has documented plant and species over multiple seasons.

Results

The following shows the bioblitz and grand total records as of October 25, 2018; the grand total and the bioblitz total are shown. For comparison purposes data from previous bioblitz locations is included. The “total” column includes all observations beyond the dates of the bioblitz.

2018 Corral Bluffs Total Bioblitz Birds 42 87 Mammals 11 14 Reptiles & 8 9 Amphibians Plants 92 171 Insects and 216 215 Fungi 2 2 Misc. 3 Total Species 501

2017 Blodgett Peak Jimmy Camp Bluestem Prairie Ute Valley Creek Birds 38 (ebird 91) 117 (ebird not 53 (ebird 244) 50 (ebird 140) available) Mammals 9 9 (+ 4 bats from 7 9 Corral Bluffs Bioblitz) Reptiles & 3 8 3 3 Amphibians Plants 52 109 55 107 Insects and 189 179 200 191 spiders Fungi 3 3 3 2 (incomplete) Total Species 293 432 322 365

Some of the more noteworthy results of the Corral Bluffs Bioblitz include:

• totals include four bat species caught in the mist nets at Jimmy Camp. The Eastern Red Bat was a surprise capture. Those species will also be added to species lists for Jimmy Camp Creek Park.

• The number of species observed at Corral Bluffs is higher than at any other city property where a bioblitz has been conducted.

• Approximately 100 people attended ranger led hikes during the bioblitz.

• Other surprising species include the first county records for the Megacyllene angulifera, and El Paso County may be only the second county in Colorado, in which this species has been recorded.

• Multiple observations of Sagebrush Sheep (aka Hera Buckmoth), Hemileuca hera, was also surprising.

• The botany team noticed few invasive species except for Russian Thistle, the amount of which varies from year to year.

Map of Observations

Note that some observations appear to be beyond Corral Bluffs Open Space property lines. This is due to incorrect posting by the iNaturalist app. Also notice that most observations are clustered near parking access points leaving much of the property unsurveyed. Informal observations do not contain exact location data, nor do they provide exact dates. Most of those observations were from lists provided by CoBA members and were posted to iNaturalist by the author.

For more information regarding the data from the bioblitz please see the Corral Bluffs Bioblitz webpage on iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/corral-bluffs- bioblitz-colorado-springs-trails-parks-and-recreation-bioblitz-2018

Conclusions

Despite drought conditions during the first half of the year, observations show Corral Bluffs contains a great diversity of plants and animals. Primarily based on important fossils, but also reflecting the great biological diversity, Corral Bluffs has been determined to be a Colorado Natural Area by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. This is an area that will need special consideration during the master planning process. This dry land ecosystem is fragile and requires protection.

Time was again a concern for our science team leaders. Observable species can change in a matter of weeks. Ongoing documentation of the habitat, even informally, needs to continue. Also, as the open space area grows due to future property purchases the new land will need to be inventoried.

Eric Eaton, one of the leaders of the Insect Team, made an interesting point that should be highly reflected upon. “We can't have little islands of parks and open spaces, we need *corridors* and in the case of , vast undeveloped parcels around the protected spaces.” The 2014 Park System Master Plan does address this point. In the map on the following page Jimmy Camp, Corral Bluffs and Bluestem Prairie Open Spaces are connected. It is encouraging to see the foresight that has gone into this document, but it will take a great deal of cooperation, effort and money to make it happen. The Parks Department will get sizeable support from the science and conservation community in this endeavor.

From the number of participants, both on science teams and the public, it is evident there is enthusiasm regarding Corral Bluffs Open Space. Controlled hiking opportunities and other public events on the property should be encouraged. Future land purchases on the east side of town will require public support. The public cannot be supportive if they have no knowledge of the area and its rich diversity of resources.

Master planning for Jimmy Camp/Corral Bluffs will require concentration on the biological, archaeological, geological and paleontological resources of the area. More so than at other city-owned properties, input from members of the scientific community will be essential for proper conservation as well as recreational planning for this property. The development of the Corral Bluffs Management Plan will need to be creative and perhaps quite different from other parks and open spaces.

Specific comments from science team leaders are included at the end of this report.

From 2014 Park System Master Plan: Candidate Open Space and Conceptual Open Space Network, page 8

Science Team Leader Comments

Eric Eaton I am frequently asked "how will the City use the information from the bioblitzes?" "Shouldn't this be done at regular intervals so that trends in data can be observed?" "Are they doing any more bioblitzes?"

I think the events themselves are executed pretty well. What still troubles me is whether these events are going to make any difference in City planning. We can't have little islands of parks and open spaces, we need *corridors* and in the case of prairies, vast undeveloped parcels around the protected spaces. Grazing has eroded a lot of Jimmy Camp, but diversity there is still high. Put in housing, and all of that goes away.

I am hoping to get back out to Corral Bluffs, and Jimmy Camp, much more frequently next year, if you'll have me. Most invertebrates live as adults for only 2-3 weeks, so the composition of the ecosystem is constantly changing. You cannot get a really clear picture from just one weekend of observing, but you know that.

Melissa McCormick

Nothing strikes me in particular, it was nice to find such a variety, and certainly there were some species in isolation that were a nice find. We did reach diminishing returns, but never completely plateaued, so to speak.

The open space is generally in good health - not too many "invaders", although I realize that the Russian thistle population can ebb and flow. Thinking about the future of the open space, I am concerned about the presence (and/or absence of trails). Due to the soil conditions, and steep, crumbling slopes, building a sustainable trail will be difficult, yet if more access is allowed without trails, there will be social trails everywhere. Trails are also conduits for seed transport, especially weed seeds. It seems to always be official policy to not design a trail to travel between weedy and pristine areas, but that is not the reality, so trails become corridors for weeds.

There was some confusion about parking/shuttling on the first day, but otherwise I believe that things went quite smoothly. The t-shirts were a good idea for identification purposes, even though they ended up frequently covered by jackets.

Science Team Leader Contact Information

Botany Melissa McCormick [email protected] Herpetology Max Kevin Canestorp [email protected] Lauren Livo [email protected] Mycology Ed Lubow [email protected] Ikuko Lubow [email protected] Vera Evenson [email protected] [email protected] Mammals April Estep [email protected] Roger Peyton [email protected] OR [email protected] Birds: Anna Joy Lehmicke [email protected] Insects: Eric Eaton [email protected] Bell Mead [email protected] Heidi Eaton [email protected]

Bioblitz Organizer: Sharon Milito [email protected] Organizational Support J.B. Boyle [email protected] Corral Bluffs Alliance Jackie Hilaire [email protected]

Resources

Bioblitz Organizational Guide, University of Connecticut https://web2.uconn.edu/mnh/bioblitz/BioBlitzGuide.pdf iNaturalist www.inaturalist.org

2017-1018 Tabling Organization Contact Information

Cheyenne Mountain Zoo: Frankie [email protected] PPLD Green Team: Deb Vitulli [email protected] Trails and Open Space Coalition: Susan Davies [email protected] Garden of the Gods: Bret Tennis [email protected] RMFI: Joe Lavorini [email protected] Colorado Springs Utilities: Jerry Cordova [email protected] Archaeology: Anna Cordova [email protected] Mile High Bugs: Bell Mead [email protected] Florissant Fossil Beds: Jeff Wolin [email protected] Fountain Creek Watershed: Allison Plute [email protected] Colorado Parks & Wildlife: April Estep [email protected] Fountain Creek Water Sentinels: Amy Brautigan (Sierra Club) [email protected] Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center: [email protected] Aiken Audubon Society Anna Joy Lehmicke [email protected] scientific_name common_name iconic_taxon_name taxon_class_name

Coprinopsis nivea Snowy Inkcap Fungi Agaricomycetes Spea bombifrons Plains Spadefoot Amphibia Amphibia Anaxyrus woodhousii Woodhouse's Toad Amphibia Amphibia apacheanus Apache Jumping Arachnida Arachnida Argiope trifasciata Banded Garden Spider Arachnida Arachnida Frontinella pyramitela Bowl and Doily Spider Arachnida Arachnida Schizocosa Brush-legged Spiders Arachnida Arachnida Geolycosa Burrowing Wolf Spiders Arachnida Arachnida carolinensis Carolina Arachnida Arachnida Thomisidae Crab Spiders Arachnida Arachnida Agelenidae Funnel Weavers Arachnida Arachnida Gnaphosidae Ground Spiders Arachnida Arachnida Opiliones Harvestmen Arachnida Arachnida Acari Mites and Ticks Arachnida Arachnida Araneidae Orbweavers Arachnida Arachnida Linyphiidae Sheetweb and Dwarf WeaversArachnida Arachnida Balaustium Sidewalk Mites Arachnida Arachnida Araneae Spiders Arachnida Arachnida Eremobatidae Straight-faced WindscorpionsArachnida Arachnida Pardosa Thin-legged Wolf Spiders Arachnida Arachnida Latrodectus hesperus Western Black Widow Arachnida Arachnida Lycosidae Wolf Spiders Arachnida Arachnida Hogna Arachnida Arachnida Phidippus Arachnida Arachnida Mimetus Arachnida Arachnida Pellenes Arachnida Arachnida Euryopis Arachnida Arachnida Pellenes Arachnida Arachnida Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow Aves Aves Falco sparverius American Kestrel Aves Aves Turdus migratorius American Robin Aves Aves Spizelloides arborea American Tree Sparrow Aves Aves Pelecanus erythrorhynchosAmerican White Pelican Aves Aves Myiarchus cinerascens Ash-throated Flycatcher Aves Aves Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle Aves Aves Tyto alba Barn Owl Aves Aves Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Aves Aves Pica hudsonia Black-billed Magpie Aves Aves Pheucticus melanocephalusBlack-headed Grosbeak Aves Aves Passerina caerulea Blue Grosbeak Aves Aves Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Aves Aves Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Aves Aves Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird Aves Aves Spizella breweri Brewer's Sparrow Aves Aves Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher Aves Aves Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird Aves Aves Buteo Buteos Aves Aves Melozone fusca Canyon Towhee Aves Aves Haemorhous cassinii Cassin's Finch Aves Aves Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird Aves Aves Peucaea cassinii Cassin's Sparrow Aves Aves Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk Aves Aves Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Common Poorwill Aves Aves Corvus corax Common Raven Aves Aves Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk Aves Aves Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed Junco Aves Aves Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird Aves Aves Empidonax Empidonax Flycatchers Aves Aves Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared Dove Aves Aves Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Aves Aves Ammodramus savannarumGrasshopper Sparrow Aves Aves Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird Aves Aves Empidonax wrightii Gray Flycatcher Aves Aves Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl Aves Aves Geococcyx californianus Greater Roadrunner Aves Aves Pipilo chlorurus Green-tailed Towhee Aves Aves Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Aves Aves Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch Aves Aves Passer domesticus House Sparrow Aves Aves Troglodytes aedon House Wren Aves Aves Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Aves Aves Picoides scalaris Ladder-backed WoodpeckerAves Aves Calamospiza melanocorys Lark Bunting Aves Aves Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow Aves Aves Spinus psaltria Lesser Goldfinch Aves Aves Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike Aves Aves Falco columbarius Merlin Aves Aves Sialia currucoides Mountain Bluebird Aves Aves Poecile gambeli Mountain Chickadee Aves Aves Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove Aves Aves Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker Aves Aves Circus hudsonius Northern Harrier Aves Aves Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird Aves Aves Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern Rough-winged SwallowAves Aves Lanius borealis Northern Shrike Aves Aves Falco mexicanus Prairie Falcon Aves Aves Colaptes auratus cafer Red-shafted Flicker Aves Aves Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk Aves Aves Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird Aves Aves Columba livia Rock Dove Aves Aves Salpinctes obsoletus Rock Wren Aves Aves Salpinctes obsoletus Rock Wren Aves Aves Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet Aves Aves Oreoscoptes montanus Sage Thrasher Aves Aves Antigone canadensis Sandhill Crane Aves Aves Passerculus sandwichensisSavannah Sparrow Aves Aves Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe Aves Aves Callipepla squamata Scaled Quail Aves Aves Pipilo maculatus Spotted Towhee Aves Aves Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk Aves Aves Myadestes townsendi Townsend's Solitaire Aves Aves Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture Aves Aves Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow Aves Aves Tachycineta thalassina Violet-green Swallow Aves Aves Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird Aves Aves Tyrannus verticalis Western Kingbird Aves Aves Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark Aves Aves Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee Aves Aves Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow Aves Aves Aeronautes saxatalis White-throated Swift Aves Aves Cardellina pusilla Wilson's Warbler Aves Aves Aphelocoma woodhouseii Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay Aves Aves Scolopendra polymorpha Common Desert Centipede Animalia Chilopoda Hirudinea Leeches Animalia Clitellata Gastropoda Gastropods Mollusca Gastropoda Acalyptrates Insecta Insecta cereralis Alfalfa Webworm Moth Insecta Insecta Myrmeleontidae Insecta Insecta Formicidae Ants Insecta Insecta Aculeata Ants, , and Stinging WaspsInsecta Insecta Calopteron reticulatum Banded Net-winged Beetle Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Anthophila Bees Insecta Insecta Coleoptera Insecta Insecta Philanthus Insecta Insecta polyxenes Black Swallowtail Insecta Insecta Trimerotropis melanopteraBlack-winged Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Enallagma s Bluets Insecta Insecta Braconidae Braconid Insecta Insecta Trimerotropis latifasciata Broad-banded GrasshopperInsecta Insecta Euphoria inda Bumble Beetle Insecta Insecta Euphoria inda Bumble Flower Beetle Insecta Insecta Burning Blister Beetles Insecta Insecta and Insecta Insecta Moneilema Longhorned Beetles Insecta Insecta Moneilema Cactus Longhorned Beetles Insecta Insecta Trichoptera Caddisflies Insecta Insecta Calyptrates Insecta Insecta Rhaphidophoridae Camel Crickets, Cave Crickets, and Cave WetaInsecta Insecta Carolina Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Chalcidoidea Chalcidoid Wasps Insecta Insecta Melacoryphus lateralis Charcoal Seed Bug Insecta Insecta Clouded Sulphur Insecta Insecta Colias Clouded Yellows Insecta Insecta Chauliognathus basalis Colorado Insecta Insecta Junonia coenia Common Buckeye Insecta Insecta Pyrgus communis Common Checkered-SkipperInsecta Insecta Anax junius Common Green Darner Insecta Insecta Cercyonis pegala Common Wood-Nymph Insecta Insecta Hippodamia convergens Convergent Ladybeetle Insecta Insecta Helicoverpa zea Corn Earworm Moth Insecta Insecta Cutworm Moths and Allies Insecta Insecta Podalonia Cutworm Wasps Insecta Insecta Noctuinae Cutworms and Dart Moths Insecta Insecta Nathalis iole Dainty Sulphur Insecta Insecta Zygoptera Damselflies Insecta Insecta Empididae Dance Flies Insecta Insecta Sciaridae Dark-winged Gnats Insecta Insecta Tenebrionidae Darkling Beetles Insecta Insecta Darkling Beetles and Allies Insecta Insecta Aeshnidae Darners Insecta Insecta Eleodes Desert Stink Beetles Insecta Insecta differentialis Differential Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Exoprosopa dorcadion Dorcadion Bee Insecta Insecta Drone Flies Insecta Insecta Exochomus aethiops Ebony Shield Ladybeetle Insecta Insecta Calopteron terminale End Band Net-winged BeetleInsecta Insecta Mantis religiosa European Mantis Insecta Insecta Mantis religiosa European Mantis Insecta Insecta Hyphantria cunea Fall Webworm Moth Insecta Insecta Diptera Flies Insecta Insecta Scythrididae Flower Moths Insecta Insecta Caenurgina erechtea Forage Looper Moth Insecta Insecta Phlibostroma quadrimaculatumFour-spotted Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Oecanthus quadripunctatusFour-spotted Tree Cricket Insecta Insecta Achyra rantalis Garden Webworm Moth Insecta Insecta Geometridae Geometer Moths Insecta Insecta columbia gloveriGlover's Silk Moth Insecta Insecta Polistes aurifer Golden Paper Insecta Insecta Grasshoppers, Crickets, and KatydidsInsecta Insecta Strymon melinus Gray Hairstreak Insecta Insecta Chrysopidae Green Lacewings Insecta Insecta Lucilia Greenbottle Flies Insecta Insecta Carabidae Ground Beetles Insecta Insecta Basilodes chrysopis Guilded Seedcopper Insecta Insecta Pogonomyrmex Harvester Ants Insecta Insecta Derotmema haydenii Hayden's Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Histeroidea Hister and False Clown BeetlesInsecta Insecta Ichneumonid Wasps Insecta Insecta Trachyrhachys kiowa Kiowa Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Melanoplus lakinus Lakin Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Oncopeltus fasciatus Large Milkweed Bug Insecta Insecta Phoetaliotes nebrascensis Large-headed Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Cicadellidae Insecta Insecta Mermiria picta Lively Mermiria Insecta Insecta obliqua Long-horned Bee Insecta Insecta Dolichopodidae Long-legged Flies Insecta Insecta Nomophila nearctica Lucerne Moth Insecta Insecta Icaricia lupini Lupine Blue Insecta Insecta marginatus Margined Calligrapher Insecta Insecta Marine Blue Insecta Insecta Ephemeroptera Mayflies Insecta Insecta Plebejus melissa Melissa Blue Insecta Insecta Dialictus Metallic Sweat Bees Insecta Insecta Melanoplus sanguinipes Migratory Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Danaus plexippus Monarch Insecta Insecta Anabrus simplex Mormon Cricket Insecta Insecta Muscoid Flies Insecta Insecta Nomada Nomad Bees Insecta Insecta Chironomidae Non-biting Midges Insecta Insecta Lestes disjunctus Northern Spreadwing Insecta Insecta obeliscoides Obelisk Dart Moth Insecta Insecta Opeia obscura Obscure grasshopper Insecta Insecta Ophion Ophion Wasps Insecta Insecta Colias eurytheme Orange Sulphur Insecta Insecta Melanoplus packardii Packard's Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Vanessa cardui Painted Lady Insecta Insecta Trimerotropis pallidipennisPallid-winged Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Tremex columba Pigeon Tremex Insecta Insecta Lestes Pond Spreadwings Insecta Insecta Eumeninae Potter Wasps Insecta Insecta Oecanthus argentinus Prairie Tree Cricket Insecta Insecta Eupithecia Pug Moths Insecta Insecta Cicindela punctulata Punctured Tiger Beetle Insecta Insecta Schizocerella pilicornis Purslane sawfly Insecta Insecta Reakirt's Blue Insecta Insecta Eleodes suturalis Red-backed Insecta Insecta Melanoplus femurrubrum Red-legged Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Arphia pseudonietana Red-winged Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Arphia pseudonietana Red-winged Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Enallagma anna River Bluet Insecta Insecta Anthomyiidae Root- Flies Insecta Insecta Pogonomyrmex rugosus Rough Harvester Ant Insecta Insecta Hypochlora alba Sage Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Hemileuca hera Sagebrush Sheep Moth Insecta Insecta Bembicini Sand Wasps Insecta Insecta Miltogramminae Satellite Flies Insecta Insecta Seed Bugs Insecta Insecta Coccinella septempunctataSeven-spotted Ladybird Insecta Insecta Hemileuca Sheepmoths Insecta Insecta Saldidae Shore bugs Insecta Insecta Parabacillus Short-horn Walkingsticks Insecta Insecta Short-horned GrasshoppersInsecta Insecta Hesperiidae Skippers Insecta Insecta Spodoptera exigua Small Mottled Insecta Insecta Hesperotettix viridis Snakeweed Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Diabrotica undecimpunctataSpotted Cucumber Beetle Insecta Insecta Diabrotica undecimpunctataSpotted Cucumber Beetle Insecta Insecta Melanoplus Spurthroat Grasshoppers Insecta Insecta Stomoxys calcitrans Stable Fly Insecta Insecta Stridulating Slant-faced GrasshoppersInsecta Insecta Melanoplus foedus Striped Sand Grasshopper Insecta Insecta coloradus Striped Slant-faced GrasshopperInsecta Insecta Agapostemon Striped Sweat Bees Insecta Insecta Reticulitermes subterranean termites Insecta Insecta Tachinidae Tachinid Flies Insecta Insecta pipiens Thick-legged Insecta Insecta Aeoloplides turnbulli Thistle Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Tortricid Leafroller Moths Insecta Insecta True Bugs, Hoppers, , and AlliesInsecta Insecta Tumbling Flower Beetles Insecta Insecta Two-striped Grasshopper Insecta Insecta Papilio multicaudata Two-tailed Swallowtail Insecta Insecta Polistes Umbrella Paper Wasps Insecta Insecta Sympetrum corruptum Variegated Meadowhawk Insecta Insecta Velvet Ants Insecta Insecta Corixidae Water Boatmen Insecta Insecta Pogonomyrmex occidentalisWestern Harvester Ant Insecta Insecta Apis mellifera Western Honey Bee Insecta Insecta Hemileuca eglanterina Western Sheep Moth Insecta Insecta Formica obscuripes Western Thatching Ant Insecta Insecta Hyles lineata White-lined Sphinx Insecta Insecta Ageneotettix deorum White-whiskered grasshopperInsecta Insecta Winged and Once-winged InsectsInsecta Insecta Formica Wood, Mound, and Field AntsInsecta Insecta Melanoplus flavidus Yellowish Spur-throat GrasshopperInsecta Insecta Yersiniops solitarius Yersin's Ground Mantis Insecta Insecta Halticotoma Yucca Plant Bugs Insecta Insecta Ophryastes tuberosus Insecta Insecta Tetraopes annulatus Insecta Insecta dorsalis Insecta Insecta Eleodes carbonarius Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha opaca Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Pasimachus elongatus Insecta Insecta Caenurgina Insecta Insecta Megacyllene angulifera Insecta Insecta Harpalus Insecta Insecta Bruchomorpha dorsata Insecta Insecta Tiphiinae Insecta Insecta Trachyrhachys aspera Insecta Insecta Chelonus Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha opaca Insecta Insecta Cnemidandrena Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha convexa Insecta Insecta Gryllus Insecta Insecta Prionyx Insecta Insecta Perdita Insecta Insecta Loxostege Insecta Insecta Asilinae Insecta Insecta Moneilema annulatum Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Megacyllene angulifera Insecta Insecta Chelonus Insecta Insecta Efferia Insecta Insecta Collops bipunctatus Insecta Insecta Ammophila Insecta Insecta Euxoa Insecta Insecta Feltia Insecta Insecta Cochylini Insecta Insecta Eleodes carbonarius Insecta Insecta Megalomus moestus Insecta Insecta Euxoa Insecta Insecta Camptoprosopella dolorosa Insecta Insecta Exitianus Insecta Insecta Leucania Insecta Insecta Pelochrista Insecta Insecta Prorella gypsata Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Bothrotes Insecta Insecta Isodontia elegans Insecta Insecta Scotoleon nigrilabris Insecta Insecta Bothrotes Insecta Insecta Harpalinae Insecta Insecta Collops bipunctatus Insecta Insecta Triepeolus concavus Insecta Insecta Cucullia dorsalis Insecta Insecta Melissodes Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Pseudanthoecia tumida Insecta Insecta Cryptini Insecta Insecta Melacoryphus nigrinervis Insecta Insecta Melissodes Insecta Insecta Orius Insecta Insecta Phytocoris Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Chelonus Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Pseudanthoecia tumida Insecta Insecta Lygaeospilus Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Agathidinae Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Embaphion contusum Insecta Insecta Blapstinus Insecta Insecta Calopteron Insecta Insecta Anthophora curta Insecta Insecta Sarcophaga s Insecta Insecta Haematobia irritans Insecta Insecta Cyclotrachelus Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Poecilognathus Insecta Insecta elegans Insecta Insecta Moneilema annulatum Insecta Insecta Agathidinae Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Altica foliaceae Insecta Insecta Cuerna alpina Insecta Insecta Dasymutilla vestita Insecta Insecta Prionyx Insecta Insecta Melacoryphus admirabilis Insecta Insecta Phasia Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Camptoprosopella dolorosa Insecta Insecta Scotoleon nigrilabris Insecta Insecta Gelastocoris Insecta Insecta Gelastocoris Insecta Insecta Cnemidandrena Insecta Insecta Eleodes carbonarius Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha convexa Insecta Insecta Eleodes longicollis Insecta Insecta Phasia Insecta Insecta Syrphini Insecta Insecta Sarcophaga s Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Stenopogonini Insecta Insecta Peleteria Insecta Insecta Leptogastrinae Insecta Insecta Trachyrhachys aspera Insecta Insecta Trimerotropis fratercula Insecta Insecta Trachyrhachys aspera Insecta Insecta Gryllus Insecta Insecta Trachyrhachys aspera Insecta Insecta Lispe Insecta Insecta Eleodes hispilabris Insecta Insecta Melanoplus foedus fluviatilis Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Anastoechus Insecta Insecta Poecilanthrax willistonii Insecta Insecta Heliothinae Insecta Insecta Heliothinae Insecta Insecta Prorella gypsata Insecta Insecta Agrotina Insecta Insecta Caenurgina Insecta Insecta Pseudanthoecia tumida Insecta Insecta Peoria tetradella Insecta Insecta Perdita Insecta Insecta Prionyx Insecta Insecta Ammophila Insecta Insecta Timulla Insecta Insecta Prionyx Insecta Insecta Chelonus Insecta Insecta Megacyllene angulifera Insecta Insecta Lordotus Insecta Insecta Syrphini Insecta Insecta Anastoechus Insecta Insecta Philanthinae Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Trox Insecta Insecta Anthophora curta Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Villini Insecta Insecta Scotoleon nigrilabris Insecta Insecta Pterocheilus Insecta Insecta Exoprosopa dodrina Insecta Insecta Thanatophilus Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Insecta Mesamia nigridorsum Insecta Insecta Tiphiinae Insecta Insecta Euxesta Insecta Insecta Anomalon Insecta Insecta Ephydrinae Insecta Insecta Hydrophorus Insecta Insecta Dasymutilla vestita Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha opaca Insecta Insecta Ammophila Insecta Insecta Pseudanthoecia tumida Insecta Insecta Pseudanthoecia tumida Insecta Insecta Hyles Insecta Insecta Eleodes longicollis Insecta Insecta Agathidinae Insecta Insecta Isodontia elegans Insecta Insecta Perdita Insecta Insecta Compsocryptus Insecta Insecta Dasytinae Insecta Insecta Cucullia Insecta Insecta Orsillinae Insecta Insecta Eleodes carbonarius Insecta Insecta Bothrotes Insecta Insecta Pasimachus Insecta Insecta Eleodes longicollis Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha opaca Insecta Insecta Stenomorpha opaca Insecta Insecta Allium onion Plantae Liliopsida Juncus arcticus Arctic rush Plantae Liliopsida Echinochloa Barnyard Grasses Plantae Liliopsida Andropogon gerardii big bluestem Plantae Liliopsida Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Plantae Liliopsida Pseudoroegneria spicata Bluebunch Wheatgrass Plantae Liliopsida Andropogon bluestems Plantae Liliopsida Elymus elymoides elymoidesbottlebrush squirreltail Plantae Liliopsida Bouteloua dactyloides Buffalo Grass Plantae Liliopsida Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye Plantae Liliopsida Agropyron cristatum crested wheatgrass Plantae Liliopsida grasses Plantae Liliopsida grasses and allies Plantae Liliopsida Setaria viridis Green Bristle Grass Plantae Liliopsida viridula green needlegrass Plantae Liliopsida Achnatherum hymenoides Indian ricegrass Plantae Liliopsida Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem Plantae Liliopsida Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem Plantae Liliopsida Muhlenbergia muhly Plantae Liliopsida Hesperostipa comata Needle-and-Thread Plantae Liliopsida Sporobolus rigidus rigidus prairie sandreed Plantae Liliopsida Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Lovegrass Plantae Liliopsida Aristida purpurea purple three-awn Plantae Liliopsida Sporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseed Plantae Liliopsida Sporobolus rigidus Sand Reedgrass Plantae Liliopsida Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats grama Plantae Liliopsida Bromus inermis smooth brome Plantae Liliopsida Yucca glauca soapweed yucca Plantae Liliopsida Elymus elymoides squirreltail Plantae Liliopsida Carex true sedges Plantae Liliopsida Schedonnardus paniculatusTumble Grass Plantae Liliopsida Tradescantia occidentalis western spiderwort Plantae Liliopsida Pascopyrum smithii Western Wheatgrass Plantae Liliopsida Mentzelia multiflora Adonis blazingstar Plantae Magnoliopsida Cercocarpus montanus alder-leaved mountain-mahoganyPlantae Magnoliopsida Vicia americana American vetch Plantae Magnoliopsida asters and allies Plantae Magnoliopsida asters, bellflowers, fanflowers, and alliesPlantae Magnoliopsida Comandra umbellata bastard toadflax Plantae Magnoliopsida Penstemon beardtongues Plantae Magnoliopsida bigelovii Bigelow's Tansyaster Plantae Magnoliopsida Solanum nigrum black nightshade Plantae Magnoliopsida Fallopia convolvulus Black-bindweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Mentzelia Blazingstars Plantae Magnoliopsida Mentzelia nuda Bractless Blazingstar Plantae Magnoliopsida Opuntia fragilis brittle prickly-pear Plantae Magnoliopsida Penstemon angustifolius broadbeard beardtongue Plantae Magnoliopsida Asclepias latifolia broadleaf milkweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Gutierrezia sarothrae broom snakeweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Senecio spartioides broom-like ragwort Plantae Magnoliopsida Orobanche Broomrapes Plantae Magnoliopsida Cactaceae cacti Plantae Magnoliopsida Quincula lobata Chinese-lantern Plantae Magnoliopsida chokecherry Plantae Magnoliopsida cinquefoils Plantae Magnoliopsida Mirabilis multiflora Colorado four o'clock Plantae Magnoliopsida Lepidium densiflorum Common Peppergrass Plantae Magnoliopsida Portulaca oleracea Common purslane Plantae Magnoliopsida annuus common sunflower Plantae Magnoliopsida Verbesina encelioides cowpen daisy Plantae Magnoliopsida Cirsium arvense creeping thistle Plantae Magnoliopsida Cirsium arvense creeping thistle Plantae Magnoliopsida Verbesina crownbeard Plantae Magnoliopsida Oenothera coronopifolia crownleaf evening primrosePlantae Magnoliopsida Rumex crispus curled dock Plantae Magnoliopsida Grindelia squarrosa curlycup gumweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Ribes currants Plantae Magnoliopsida Centaurea diffusa diffuse knapweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Dyssodia papposa Dogweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Liatris punctata dotted gayfeather Plantae Magnoliopsida Astragalus drummondii Drummond's Milkvetch Plantae Magnoliopsida Astragalus shortianus Early Purple Milkvetch Plantae Magnoliopsida Townsendia exscapa Easter daisy Plantae Magnoliopsida Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood Plantae Magnoliopsida eupatorioides false boneset Plantae Magnoliopsida Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Astragalus agrestis field milkvetch Plantae Magnoliopsida Artemisia campestris field wormwood Plantae Magnoliopsida Hymenopappus filifolius fineleaf woollywhite Plantae Magnoliopsida Lappula redowskii Flatspine Stickseed Plantae Magnoliopsida fleabanes Plantae Magnoliopsida four o'clocks Plantae Magnoliopsida Atriplex canescens fourwing saltbush Plantae Magnoliopsida Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac Plantae Magnoliopsida Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac Plantae Magnoliopsida Chenopodium fremontii fremontiiFremont's Goosefoot Plantae Magnoliopsida Lithospermum incisum fringed puccoon Plantae Magnoliopsida Artemisia frigida fringed sagebrush Plantae Magnoliopsida Sphaeralcea globemallows Plantae Magnoliopsida Ericameria goldenbushes Plantae Magnoliopsida Solidago goldenrods Plantae Magnoliopsida Chenopodium Goosefoots Plantae Magnoliopsida great mullein Plantae Magnoliopsida filifolium Greenthread Plantae Magnoliopsida Physalis ground cherries Plantae Magnoliopsida Senecio groundsels Plantae Magnoliopsida Mirabilis hirsuta Hairy Four-o'clock Plantae Magnoliopsida Heterotheca villosa hairy goldenaster Plantae Magnoliopsida Solanum physalifolium Hairy Nightshade Plantae Magnoliopsida Dieteria canescens hoary Plantae Magnoliopsida Erigeron canadensis horseweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Ipomopsis laxiflora Iron Ipomopsis Plantae Magnoliopsida Eriogonum jamesii James' Plantae Magnoliopsida Polygonaceae knotweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Polygonum knotweeds Plantae Magnoliopsida Ladeania lanceolata Lance-leaved scurf-pea Plantae Magnoliopsida Astragalus laxmannii Laxmann's Milkvetch Plantae Magnoliopsida Oreocarya thyrsiflora Limestone Cat's-Eye Plantae Magnoliopsida Oenothera curtiflora lizard-tail Plantae Magnoliopsida Orobanche ludoviciana Louisiana broomrape Plantae Magnoliopsida Lupinus lupines Plantae Magnoliopsida Gutierrezia matchweeds and snakeweedsPlantae Magnoliopsida Astragalus milkvetches Plantae Magnoliopsida Lamiaceae mint family Plantae Magnoliopsida Salvia reflexa Mintweed Plantae Magnoliopsida missouriensis Missouri Foxtail Cactus Plantae Magnoliopsida Mirabilis linearis narrowleaf four o'clock Plantae Magnoliopsida Echinocereus viridiflorus Nylon Hedgehog Cactus Plantae Magnoliopsida Picradeniopsis oppositifoliaOppositeleaf False Bahia Plantae Magnoliopsida Castilleja Paintbrushes Plantae Magnoliopsida Potentilla pensylvanica pensylvanicaPennsylvania Cinquefoil Plantae Magnoliopsida pinks, cacti, and allies Plantae Magnoliopsida Mertensia lanceolata Prairie Bluebells Plantae Magnoliopsida Euphorbia missurica Prairie Sandmat Plantae Magnoliopsida Helianthus petiolaris prairie sunflower Plantae Magnoliopsida Cirsium canescens prairie thistle Plantae Magnoliopsida Erysimum asperum Prairie-rocket Wallflower Plantae Magnoliopsida prickly lettuce Plantae Magnoliopsida Opuntia Prickly pears Plantae Magnoliopsida Verbena bracteata prostrate vervain Plantae Magnoliopsida Astragalus racemosus Racemose Milkvetch Plantae Magnoliopsida Thelesperma megapotamicumrayless greenthread Plantae Magnoliopsida Peritoma serrulata Rocky Mountain bee plant Plantae Magnoliopsida rubber rabbitbrush Plantae Magnoliopsida Ericameria nauseosa rubber rabbitbrush Plantae Magnoliopsida Lygodesmia juncea rush skeletonplant Plantae Magnoliopsida Lupinus pusillus Rusty lupine Plantae Magnoliopsida Salvia Sages Plantae Magnoliopsida Asclepias arenaria sand milkweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Oenothera suffrutescens scarlet beeblossom Plantae Magnoliopsida Sphaeralcea coccinea scarlet globemallow Plantae Magnoliopsida Erigeron pumilus Shaggy Fleabane Plantae Magnoliopsida Asclepias speciosa showy milkweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Ulmus pumila Siberian elm Plantae Magnoliopsida Artemisia ludoviciana silver wormwood Plantae Magnoliopsida Lupinus argenteus silvery lupine Plantae Magnoliopsida Salsola collina Slender Russian-thistle Plantae Magnoliopsida Pediomelum tenuiflorum slimflower scurfpea Plantae Magnoliopsida micranthus small-flowered sand-verbenaPlantae Magnoliopsida fragrans snowball sand verbena Plantae Magnoliopsida Xanthisma spinulosum spiny goldenweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Eriogonum effusum Spreading Buckwheat Plantae Magnoliopsida Eriogonum effusum Spreading Buckwheat Plantae Magnoliopsida Erigeron divergens spreading fleabane Plantae Magnoliopsida Euphorbia spurges Plantae Magnoliopsida Opuntia polyacantha starvation prickly-pear Plantae Magnoliopsida lambertii stemless point-vetch Plantae Magnoliopsida Bassia scoparia Summer-cypress Plantae Magnoliopsida Heliantheae sunflowers and allies Plantae Magnoliopsida sunflowers, daisies, asters, and alliesPlantae Magnoliopsida Lathyrus sweet peas and vetchlings Plantae Magnoliopsida Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon Plantae Magnoliopsida Brickellia grandiflora tasselflower brickellia Plantae Magnoliopsida Mentzelia decapetala Ten- Stickleaf Plantae Magnoliopsida Argemone polyanthemos thistle poppy Plantae Magnoliopsida Cirsium thistles Plantae Magnoliopsida Packera tridenticulata Three-tooth Groundsel Plantae Magnoliopsida Salsola tragus tumbleweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Opuntia macrorhiza twist spine prickly pear Plantae Magnoliopsida Mirabilis umbrellaworts Plantae Magnoliopsida Ratibida columnifera upright prairie coneflower Plantae Magnoliopsida Vicia Vetches Plantae Magnoliopsida Ribes cereum wax currant Plantae Magnoliopsida Ambrosia psilostachya western ragweed Plantae Magnoliopsida Erysimum capitatum western wallflower Plantae Magnoliopsida Oxytropis sericea White Point-vetch Plantae Magnoliopsida candida white prairie clover Plantae Magnoliopsida Castilleja integra wholeleaf Indian paintbrushPlantae Magnoliopsida Eriogonum wild Plantae Magnoliopsida Mirabilis nyctaginea wild four o'clock Plantae Magnoliopsida Glycyrrhiza lepidota wild licorice Plantae Magnoliopsida Eriogonum alatum Winged buckwheat Plantae Magnoliopsida Eriogonum alatum Winged buckwheat Plantae Magnoliopsida Krascheninnikovia lanata winterfat Plantae Magnoliopsida Plantago patagonica woolly plantain Plantae Magnoliopsida Tragopogon dubius yellow salsify Plantae Magnoliopsida Melilotus officinalis yellow sweetclover Plantae Magnoliopsida Cirsium ochrocentrum yellowspine thistle Plantae Magnoliopsida Plantae Magnoliopsida Chenopodioideae Plantae Magnoliopsida Conyza Plantae Magnoliopsida Erigeron canus Plantae Magnoliopsida Plantae Magnoliopsida Faboideae Plantae Magnoliopsida Lygodesmia Plantae Magnoliopsida Mirabilis viscosa Plantae Magnoliopsida Opuntioideae Plantae Magnoliopsida Physalis hispida Plantae Magnoliopsida Physaria Plantae Magnoliopsida Psoralidium Plantae Magnoliopsida Juniperus horizontalis creeping juniper Plantae Pinopsida Juniperus monosperma one-seed juniper Plantae Pinopsida Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain juniper Plantae Pinopsida Eptesicus fuscus Big Brown Bat Mammalia Mammalia Lepus californicus Black-tailed Jackrabbit Mammalia Mammalia Cynomys ludovicianus Black-tailed Prairie Dog Mammalia Mammalia Lynx rufus Bobcat Mammalia Mammalia Sylvilagus Cottontail Rabbits Mammalia Mammalia Canis latrans Mammalia Mammalia Peromyscus Deer Mice Mammalia Mammalia Lasiurus borealis Eastern Red Bat Mammalia Mammalia Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat Mammalia Mammalia Odocoileus hemionus Mammalia Mammalia Erethizon dorsatum North American Porcupine Mammalia Mammalia Antilocapra americana Pronghorn Mammalia Mammalia Antilocapridae Pronghorns Mammalia Mammalia Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired Bat Mammalia Mammalia Peromyscus leucopus White-footed Mouse Mammalia Mammalia Pituophis catenifer sayi Bullsnake Reptilia Reptilia Coluber constrictor North American Racer Reptilia Reptilia Thamnophis radix Plains Garter Snake Reptilia Reptilia Sceloporus consobrinus Prairie Lizard Reptilia Reptilia Crotalus viridis Prairie Rattlesnake Reptilia Reptilia Phrynosoma cornutum Horned Lizard Reptilia Reptilia Thamnophis elegans Western Terrestrial Garter SnakeReptilia Reptilia Fungi Fungi Including Lichens Fungi September 7-9, 2018 A BioBlitz is an intense period of biological surveying in an attempt to record all the living species within a designated area. Groups of scientists, naturalists and volunteers conduct an intensive field study over a continuous time period (usually 24 hours). Wikipedia

All photos by S Milito unless otherwise noted. Purpose • To create a baseline of resource information with which to develop future natural and cultural resources and public use management strategies • To discover and celebrate the resources in our parks and open spaces • To find out what we have, what we need to protect, what we need to improve • To find out how Corral Bluffs changes over time- How will our observations be different in the future? • To involve the public in local science and nature experiences • To use the information gathered for education

Science brought to you by:

Science Team Leaders Fort Carson Colorado Parks and Wildlife Aiken Audubon Society Mile High Bugs US Fish & Wildlife TOPS Stewardship Rangers Private Sector Biologists Corral Bluffs Alliance

Public Displays Garden of the Gods Rangers Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Colorado Parks and Wildlife Pikes Peak Library District Green Team Florissant Fossil Beds Fountain Creek Water Sentinels Mile High Bugs Corral Bluffs Alliance

Technology and Data

All species are documented online at iNaturalist.com iNaturalist

Locations of each observation 7:00 AM Saturday

The Rangers • Rangers arrived at 6:00 AM each day to set up • Led hikes every hour on Saturday and Sunday • Approximately 100 hikers attended

The Rangers Mammal Team

Photo by Cody Bear Sutton Roger with white-footed mouse

Billy sharing porcupine needles Mammal Team: Bats

Photos by DiCenso

Mist nets were strung across water to catch bats as they dipped in for a drink Mammals 15 Species

• Big Brown Bat • Hoary Bat • Eastern Red Bat • Silver Haired Bat • Bobcat • Porcupine • Jackrabbit • Cottontail Rabbit • Raccoon • Pronghorn • Mule Deer • Coyote • Deer Mouse • White-footed Mouse • Black-tailed Prairie Dog Star of the day: Porcupine Mammals

Black-tailed Prairie Dog (on neighboring property)

Mule Deer

Coyote Pronghorns Birds Scaled Quail in early morning fog Birds 87 Species

• Golden Eagle • Common Poorwill • Red-tailed Hawk • Ferruginous Hawk • Lark Bunting Rock Wren • Rock Wren • Sage Thrasher • Canyon Towhee • Green-tailed Towhee • Blue Grosbeak • Turkey Vulture Female Lark Bunting • Cooper’s Hawk (Colorado State Bird) • Northern Harrier

Say’s Phoebe Birds

Juvenile Golden Eagle

Golden Eagle nest Plant Team

Photo by Cody Bear Sutton Plants 169 Species

Colorado Four O’clocks • Prairie Coneflowers • Indian Paintbrush • Colorado Four O’clock • Blazingstar • Crownleaf Evening Primrose • Showy Milkweek • Beardtongue • Lupine Evening blooming • Jame’s Buckwheat • Soapweek Yucca • Prickly Pear Cactus

Blazingstar

Evening Primrose Team

Photo by Cody Bear Sutton (Insects, spiders) 216 Species • Megacyllene angulifera- • Sagebrush Sheep Moth • Monarch • 2 species Thread-waisted Wasps • 2 species wasps • Wolf Spider • Wind • 23 species of grasshoppers

Megacyllene angulifera • First time recorded in iNaturalist • First record in El Paso County • Second record in Colorado • Four were found during bioblitz Sagebrush Sheep Moth Arthropods

Photo by Tim Leppek

Arthropods

Photo by Tim Leppek Herpetology Team

Lauren looking for spadefoot toad tadpoles

Max photographing a rattlesnake in the hole Reptiles & Amphibians 9 Species

• Prairie Lizard • Prairie Rattlesnake • Bullsnake • North American Racer • Plains Garter Snake • Terrestrial Garter Snake Prairie Rattlesnake • Woodhouse’s Toad • Texas Short-horned Lizard • Plains Spadefoot Toad North American Racer Photos by Lauren Livo Prairie Lizard

Juvenile Bullsnake Conclusions

• Corral Bluffs has a great diversity of plants and animals requiring protection • Wildlife corridors between open spaces need to be considered to avoid isolated “islands” of habitat • Biological inventory should be ongoing especially upon future purchases of land. The bioblitz provides data from a snapshot in time • Master planning of Corral Bluffs will require input from the science community • There is a great deal of public interest in Corral Bluffs and controlled hikes and other public events should be continued and encouraged

From 2014 Park System Master Plan: Candidate Open Space and Jimmy Camp Conceptual Open Space Corral Bluffs Network

Wildlife corridors

Bluestem Prairie Photo by Cody Bear Sutton Pikes Peak – America’s Mountain

Summit Complex Project Update November 8, 2018 Financial Need

Total Construction Cost (estimated): $55M-60M PPAM Fund: $15M Bonds: $30M Subtotal: $45M Fundraising Required: $10M-15M

Fundraising Firm: Benefactor Group, Inc. Site Axonometric Environmental Assessment o USFS Process o Entire Site Above 14,000’ Considered o SHPO, Tribal Governments, US Fish and Wildlife, and National Park Service Consultations involved o Draft EA/FONSI released for Public Comment: October 12, 2016 o FINAL EA/FONSI finalized on May 3, 2018 Construction o Ground Breaking: June 2018 o Estimated Visitor Center Completion: Fall 2020 o Estimated Site Completion: Fall 2021 o 85% Larger – Not Quite Double in Size

Existing Summit Buildings New Summit Complex Building Quantity UOM Building Quantity UOM Summit House 12,600 SqFt Lower Level 11,745 SqFt

Plant 6,700 SqFt Main Level 21,058 SqFt

CSU Building 1,300 SqFt Mezzanine 5,589 SqFt TOTAL 20,600 SqFt TOTAL 38,392 SqFt Construction Schedule o 2018 o 2020 o Demolition of Plant Building o Complete Building Interior o Excavation/Blasting for o Continue Site Foundation Construction o Concrete Footings o Complete HARL o Begin Site Construction Construction (Separate o 2019 Project) o Completion of Building Shell o o Begin Interior Construction 2021 o o Continue Site Construction Demolition of Existing Summit House o Begin HARL Construction o (Separate Project) Site Restoration

Site Blasting Interpretive Development o Media Production – November 2018 o Construction Documents Phase – November 2018 – March 2019 o Exhibit Fabricator Proposal Phase - April 2019 – June 2019 o Fabrication - July 2019 – June 2020 o Exhibit Areas Delivered Dust-Free - February 2020 o Soft Opening - June 2020 – July 2020 The Place: What is unique about Pikes Peak

Video Production – A Preview Irrigation Water Management

What percentage of your home water use is for landscape?

Shower/ Bath A. 42-44% 12% Clothes Washer B. 46-48% Landscape 14% C. 50-52% %

Faucets 10% Dishwasher 1% Toilets Leaks/ Other 14% 7%

3 How much annual precipitation does Colorado Springs receive?

A. 14-15 inches B. 16-17 inches C. 18-19 inches D. 20-21 inches

MONTH PRECIP. April 1.36 May 2.14 JUN 2.31 JUL 2.88 AUG 2.91 SEP 1.27 OCT 0.80 TOTAL 12.32 4 On average, how much supplemental irrigation do you need to apply to a park each year to keep it healthy?

A.) 34” B.) 31” C.) 26” D.) 23”

5 Irrigation Commodity Charge 11 Year History

0.08

$0.0676 Commodity Charge - 0.07 Winter ($/CF) $0.0637 $0.0605 $0.0605 $0.0601 0.06 Commodity Charge - $0.0559 Summer ($/CF) $0.0519

0.05 $0.0464 $0.0451 $0.0414 $0.0424 $0.0401 - 124% Increase 0.04 $0.0366 Summer Rate

$0.0327 $0.0327 $0.0302 $0.0302 - 168% Increase Winter Rate 0.03 $0.0277 $0.0248 $0.0221 - 6.1% increase in $0.0201 2018 0.02 $0.0168

0.01 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 11 Year Daily Service Charge History

Per Day Service Charge $18.00 $16.56 $16.56 Meter Size $16.00 $15.27 2 inch $14.00 $13.12 $13.12 $11.96 3 inch $12.00 $10.66 4 inch $9.52 $10.00 $8.50 $8.28 $8.28 $7.64 6 inch $8.00 $6.56 $6.56 $5.89 $5.98 $6.00 $5.33 *251% increase $4.71 $4.76 $4.97 $4.97 $4.25 $4.58 since 2008 $3.59 $3.94 $3.94 $4.00 $2.95 $2.86 $3.20 $2.35 $2.55 $2.44 $2.65 $2.65 $1.91 $2.10 $2.10 *25% increase $1.77 $1.52 $1.71 $2.00 $1.41 $1.36 2016-2017 $0.75 $0.94 $0.00 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year Non Pot 10-Year Rate History

Commodity Charge - Nonpotable ($/CF) 0.025

0.0213

0.02 0.019 Commodity Charge - 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 Nonpotable ($/CF)

0.015

0.0111 *30% increase last 3 0.01 years

*12% increase 2018

0.005

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Colorado Springs Park & Rec 2018 Water budget

Improved Native Improved Native Kentucky Bluegrass Turf Other Charges and Fees Estimated Charges Prairie Grass Irrigated Wheatgrass Irrigated at 16 Irrigated at 24 inches at 12 inches inches

Non- Non- Potable Potable Potable Non-Potable Domestic/Hydrant $50,000 Potable Potable

Lakes/Augmentation $40,000 686.65 97.05 37.43 0.10 16.89 9.32

Usage Fees $250,391

Total: $340,391 $3,806,788 $160,715 $103,756 $83 $62,407 $9,395

Total (not including other charges and fees) $4,143,060

Grand Total $4,483,451 Irrigation Turf Allocation/Budget Management Leadership Buy-in Program

Ongoing System Water Maintenance Footprint Comprehensive Reduction Irrigation Water Management

Alternative Staff Water Development Solutions

Effective Use of New Sustainable Technology Landscape Designs

10 Seasonal Irrigation Allocation for Colorado Springs

Historical Seasonal Irrigation Requirement vs 2018 Projected Allocation

7.00 6.58

6.00 5.72 5.33 5.38 Historical seasonal 5.00 4.67 irrigation 4.35 requirement (27.31 inches) 4.00 3.78 3.6

3.09 2.94 3.00 2017 Park and Rec projected allocation (24 inches) 2.00

1.12 1.08 0.98 0.95 1.00

0.00 April May June July August September October Monthly Irrigation Allocation

Number of Effective Total Total Net % use by Gross Total Irrigation Plant 24 Inch Irrigation Month Precip Effective Net Et Irrigation Irrigation month/ ETo Precip Efficiency Factor Allocation Cycles (.30 (50%) Precip Needed Need need per cycle)

April 2.23 1.36 50% 0.68 1.55 65% 2.38 0.80 1.90 0.08 0.98 3 11 May 3.6 2.14 50% 1.07 2.53 65% 3.89 0.80 3.11 0.12 3.18 (2.75/wk) 16 JUN 5.33 2.31 50% 1.15 4.18 65% 6.43 0.80 5.14 0.18 4.70 (4.0/wk) 19 JUL 6.58 2.88 50% 1.44 5.14 65% 7.90 0.80 6.32 0.22 5.81 (4.75/wk) 17 AUG 5.72 2.91 50% 1.46 4.26 65% 6.55 0.80 5.24 0.19 5.05 (4.25/wk) 11 SEP 3.78 1.27 50% 0.64 3.14 65% 4.83 0.80 3.86 0.13 3.34 (2.75 /wk)

OCT 2.15 0.8 50% 0.40 1.75 65% 2.69 0.80 2.15 0.07 0.95 3 TOTAL 29.38 13.68 6.84 22.55 34.67 27.74 1.00 24.00 80 Tracking Irrigation Usage

YTD Allocation YTD Usage through % of YTD District through June 2018 June 2018 Allocation Used Central Parks 3,301,971 2,739,366 83% Medians 1,191,386 1,844,710 155% North Athletics 2,321,428 2,560,587 110% North Parks 9,397,163 9,405,517 100% South Athletics 3,147,967 2,679,084 85% South Parks 6,289,638 6,223,424 99% Grand Total 25,649,554 25,452,689 99%

District % of Total Irrigation Usage Central Parks 11% Medians 7% North Athletics 10% North Parks 37% South Athletics 11% South Parks 24% Central Parks Sum of April Sum of April Sum of May Sum of May Sum of June Sum of June Sum of YTD Sum of YTD YTD % District Allocation (CF) 2018 Usage Allocation (CF) 2018 Usage Allocation (CF) 2018 Usage Allocation Usage Allocation Audubon Park 10,535 0 34,015 56,170 50,361 53,170 94,912 109,340 115% Betty Krouse 7,643 0 24,675 16,670 36,533 45,210 68,851 61,880 90% Bonforte Irrigation 27,356 0 88,324 123,620 130,769 155,110 246,449 278,730 113% Bristol 5,643 0 18,218 18,390 26,973 20,310 50,834 38,700 76% Frank Waters 1,750 0 5,650 7,799 8,365 7,815 15,765 15,614 99% Franklin 9,071 0 29,288 30,120 43,362 51,600 81,721 81,720 100% Happy Hollow 548 0 1,768 1,957 2,618 2,731 4,933 4,688 95% Heathercrest 16,071 0 51,888 51,170 76,823 82,930 144,781 134,100 93% Henry 26,963 0 87,056 70,550 128,891 124,700 242,910 195,250 80% Honeybear 881 0 2,844 7,528 4,211 8,551 7,936 16,079 203% Jefferson 13,214 0 42,663 52,340 63,165 56,400 119,042 108,740 91% Little Britches 2,250 0 7,264 0 10,755 17,940 20,269 17,940 89% Lunar - Non-pot 11,357 0 36,667 36,100 54,288 55,300 102,312 91,400 89% Madison 15,749 0 50,850 58,140 75,286 74,150 141,885 132,290 93% Mark Twain 16,214 0 52,349 99,554 77,505 100,791 146,068 200,345 137% Otis 7,535 0 24,330 24,600 36,021 27,550 67,886 52,150 77% Penstemon 9,857 0 31,824 32,300 47,118 39,430 88,799 71,730 81% Pike 8,607 0 27,789 21,450 41,143 28,350 77,538 49,800 64% Prairie Grass 6,571 0 21,216 30,190 31,412 31,240 59,199 61,430 104% Printers Parkway 5,285 0 17,065 18,860 25,266 30,570 47,617 49,430 104% Roswell 6,214 0 20,063 26,440 29,705 23,570 55,982 50,010 89% Roy Benavidez 11,750 0 37,936 45,000 56,166 63,450 105,851 108,450 102% Sagebrush 10,000 0 32,286 32,830 47,801 48,700 90,086 81,530 91% Trues Mill 5,214 0 16,835 25,750 24,925 20,800 46,973 46,550 99% Wagner 16,535 0 53,387 56,690 79,042 75,390 148,964 132,080 89% Wasson Irrigation 30,677 28,820 99,048 80,750 146,646 109,870 276,371 219,440 79% Wildflower 22,820 0 73,680 97,860 109,088 124,890 205,589 222,750 108% Wilson 15,285 0 49,351 21,710 73,067 85,080 137,703 106,790 78% Grand Total 366,520 28,880 1,183,384 1,144,608 1,752,066 1,565,878 3,301,971 2,739,366 83% Turf Management

• Mowing • Fertilization • Irrigation • Core cultivation or aerating • Weed management • Insect and disease management

Avoid cutting off more than ______of the turf’s height at any single mowing. a. ¼ b. 1/3 c. ½ d. 2/3 Staff Training & Certification

• Local and national certifications • Associated Landscape Contractors of Colorado (ALCC) • Irrigation Association

Ongoing System Maintenance & Replacement

• Irrigation system life-cycle • Routine visual inspections • Level & straighten heads, clogged nozzles, broken heads, proper arc adjustment, leak repairs, etc. • 285K spent on five new system installs in 2018

New Park Design and Development

Greater emphasis on sustainable landscape design & irrigation • Greater focus on efficient irrigation – Standards & Details • Appropriate plants for climate, soils, and water resources

Weather-Based Controllers, Flow Sensors, & Master Valves Technologies to Improve Efficiency of Water Use 2-Litre Power Jet Sprinkler Alternative Water Solutions

• Raw water • Ground water • Storm water • Reclaimed/recycled • Graywater

Water Footprint Reduction

July 2013

April 2014 August 2014 Water Footprint Reduction Water Footprint Reduction Water Footprint Reduction Summary 2012-2018

Focus Area Acreage Native grass 61 School agreements 17 Non-pot conversion 7.5 Synthetic 14 Parking strips/hardscape .73 Total 100

Centennial Medians Native Wildflower Park Native Questions?