South Fork Coquille Action Plan, Without Appendices
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South Fork Coquille Watershed Action Plan Coquille Watershed Association December 2, 2014 Final i Prepared by the South Fork Coquille Technical Advisory Committee Editor/Writer Denise Dammann List of Contributors Name Discipline Affliliation Pam Blake South Coast Basin Oregon Department of Coordinator Environmental Quality Dan Carpenter Hydrologist USDI Bureau of Land Management Karla Cottom Fisheries Biologist USDA U.S. Forest Service Denise Dammann Writer/Editor/Hydrologist USDA U.S. Forest Service Bruce Follansbee Resource Advisor Coquille Watershed Association Barbara Grant Conservation Reserve Curry Soil and Water Conservation Enhancement Program District (SWCD) (CREP) Technician for Coos and Curry Counties Jeff Jackson Habitat Restoration Oregon Department of Fish and Biologist Wildlife Pat Jones Soil Conservationist USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Stephanie Messerle Fisheries Biologist Bureau of Land Management Jim Muck Fisheries Biologist NOAA - Fisheries Caley Sowers Watershed Technical Coos SWCD Specialist Ron Steiner Senior Wildlife Biologist Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. Madeleine VanderHeyden Fish and Wildlife Biologist USDI U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Amy Wilson District Conservationist USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service ii This action plan is dedicated in memoriam to Kristle Warren-Volin. Kristle’s vision and dedication to the South Fork Coquille River was instrumental in producing the Inter-Fluve, Inc. report and this action plan. Kristle’s vision for the South Fork was that the watershed condition, fish populations, and water quality to be returned to good health. Kristle at the South Fork Coquille River below the Daphne Grove Campground iii Contents List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................ viii Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... xii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1: Watershed Overview – Defining River Dynamics ....................................................... 1 1.1 Watershed Overview ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Climate .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Fish Species, Life History, Distribution ................................................................................ 9 1.3.a. Salmon life cycle ........................................................................................................ 14 1.3.b. Focal Fish Species ...................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Land Management ............................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Limiting Factors – A Brief Overview ................................................................................. 25 1.6 Inter-Fluve, Inc. Report ...................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 2: Aquatic Habitat Limiting Factors – Establishing Current Concerns with Historical Context .......................................................................................................................................... 29 2.1 Habitat Limitations with Historical Context ....................................................................... 29 2.1.a. History of the South Fork Coquille Watershed .......................................................... 29 2.1.b. Historic Channel Condition ........................................................................................ 31 2.1.c. Dredging ..................................................................................................................... 33 2.1.d. Stream Cleaning, Splash Damming, and Log Drives ................................................. 34 2.1.e. Historic Mineral Mining ............................................................................................. 35 2.1.f. Historic Flooding and Fires ......................................................................................... 36 2.2 Water Quality Limitations, Contributing Factors, and Effects on Aquatic Organisms ...... 36 2.2.a. Beneficial Uses ........................................................................................................... 36 2.2.b. Long-term Water Quality Trends ............................................................................... 37 2.2.c. Water Quality Limitations and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) ..................... 43 2.2.d. Upper South Fork Coquille River Temperature TMDL (DEQ, 2001). ...................... 44 2.2.e. Fish and Aquatic Life Water Quality Limitation – Temperature ............................... 45 2.2.f. Aquatic Life Water Quality Limitation - Biological Criteria (Macroinvertebrate Assemblages) ......................................................................................................................... 58 2.2.g. Fish Impacts From Sedimentation and Turbidity ....................................................... 60 2.2.h. Fish and Aquatic Life Water Quality Limitation – Dissolved Oxygen ...................... 62 2.2.i. Human Health Water Quality Limitation – Bacteria and Other Pathogens ................ 65 iv 2.2.j. Human Health - Public Water Supply ......................................................................... 66 2.2.k. Fish and Aquatic Life - Water Column Contaminants ............................................... 69 2.3 Contemporary Anthropogenic Impacts, Effects on Fish, and Practices in Place to Minimize Impacts ...................................................................................................................... 70 2.3.a. Agricultural Management / Practices...................................................................... 70 2.3.b. Current Forest Practices .......................................................................................... 73 2.3.c. Gravel Extraction (Mining) ..................................................................................... 75 2.3.d. Water Availability and Withdrawal ........................................................................ 78 2.3.e. Riparian Vegetation – Focusing on River Corridor ................................................ 83 2.3.f. Coquille Valley Wildlife Area (Winter Lake and Beaver Slough) ......................... 90 Chapter 3: Past Restoration Efforts............................................................................................... 92 3.1. Restoration Need ............................................................................................................... 92 3.2. Restoration Effort Summary ............................................................................................. 92 3.2.a. South Fork Coquille Watershed Restoration Since 1995 ........................................... 92 3.2.b. Mainstem South Fork Coquille River Restoration Efforts ......................................... 95 3.2.c. Tributary Restoration Efforts ...................................................................................... 95 3.3. Case Studies: A Review of Past Restoration Successes and Failures .............................. 96 3.3.a. Riparian Fencing and Planting on Mainstem and Dement Creek – Corbett/McWilliams/Isenhart ................................................................................................ 96 3.3.b. Riparian Fencing and Planting, Large Wood/Rock Weir Placement on Rowland Creek – Warner Ranch ..................................................................................................................... 99 3.3.c. Large Wood Placement on Dement Creek – Isenhart - (South Fork Coquille Channel and Fish Habitat Restoration) .............................................................................................. 103 3.3.d. Bank Stabilization on the Mainstem – Isenhart Wash .............................................. 106 3.3.e. Wood and Boulder Placement on Tributary – Rock Creek above Powers ................ 108 ............................................................................................................................................. 111 3.3.f. Wood and Boulder Placement on Mainstem – South Fork Coquille River at Daphne Grove Campground ............................................................................................................. 111 Chapter 4: Geomorphic and Hydrologic Analysis ...................................................................... 116 4.1 Overview of Channel Evolution and Stream Classification............................................. 116 4.1.a. Channel Evolution .................................................................................................... 116 4.1.b. Stream Type or Classification .................................................................................. 122 4.2 South Fork Coquille River Reaches ................................................................................. 126 4.3 South Fork Coquille River Stream Features: Morphological Characteristics, Channel Evolution Stage, Target Streamtype, and Channel Stability ..................................................