Environmental Set-Up and Tidal Propagation in a Tropical Estuary with Dual Connection to the Sea (SW Coast of India)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Littoral Drift Along Shoreline Between Munambam &Anthakaranazhi
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol. 12, December 1983, pp.209-212 Littoral Drift along Shoreline between Munambam & Anthakaranazhi, Kerala Coast S PRASANNA KUMAR, S S C SHENG) & P G KURUP* Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin, Cochin 682016 Received 7 October 1982; revised received 3 October 1983 Probable volume of littoral sediment transport at 2 m depth contour along the shoreline between Munambam and Anthakaranazhi has been computed for waves approaching the shore from directions varying from 220' _3000 TN w,ithperiods varying from 6 to 14sec. It is estimated that about 9 x 106 m3 of material drifts towards south annually between Munambam and Vypin while about 7 x 106 m3 of material drifts towards south between Fort Cochin and Anthakaranazhi. The drifts are discussed in relation to the availability of sediments and the instability of beaches. Information on sediment movement, on a long term influencing the beach processes along this part of the basis, in the nearshore environs is a pre-requisite for coast. Off Malipuram and Narakkal, the shore is the design of shore protection structures and for usually protected by the presence ofmudbanks6 active navigational purposes. It is known that this movement during southwest monsoon season. The sediments, in of sediment, particularly in the surf zone, is governed general, beyond 3-4 m depth up to about 140 mare by complex interplay of waves and the nature of silty-clays or clayey-silts 7. Sandy sediments in fine to prevailing sediments in addition to morphological medium size limits prevail in the beach and surfzone8• features of adjoining beach sections. -
Society Details of ERNAKULAM District
Society Details of ERNAKULAM District DUPLICATION DUPLICATION 9947024684 MULANTHURUTHY HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD .NO.H.151 PERUMPILLY P.O MULANTHURUTHY PIN.682314 04842740223 CHERAI HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD NO -648 CHERAI HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD NO -648 ,CHERAI,PIN CODE-683514 0484 2489308 PALLIPURAM KUZHUPPILLY HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCITEY LTD NO H128,CHERAI PALLIPURAM KUZHUPPILLY HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCITEY LTD NO H128,CHERAI 9947024684 TRIPUNITHURA HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD.NO.3429 TRIPUNITHURA HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD.NO.3429 TRIPUNITHURA.P.O. PIN.682301 PUTHIYAKAVU, ERNAKULAM (DIST) 04842776242 VYPEEN SC/ ST HANDLOOM WEAVERS INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD NO- H IND (E) 87 VYPEEN SC ST HAND LOOM WEAVERS INDUSTRIAL (WORKSHOP) CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD. NO. H.IND(E)87, NAYARAMBALAM - 682509 9495042037 MUVATTUPUZHA HANDLOOM WEAVERS INDUSTRIAL CO- OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD. NO. H. IND. (E)86 SOCIETY LTD. NO. H. IND. (E) 86 MEKKADAMPU P.O, MUVATTUPUZHA, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT. 0485 2207973 KURIAPPILLY HANDLOOM WEAVERS P&S CO-OPERATIVE SOCITY LTD NO 3476 KURIAPPILLY HANDLOOM WEAVERS P&S CO-OPERATIVE SOCITY LTD NO 3476, MOOTHAKUNNAM P.O PIN -683516 0484 2482067 CHENGAMANAD HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD NO:3479 CHENGAMANAD HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD NO.3479 CHENGAMANAD P.O. ALUVA 683578 04842475455 PARAVUR TOWN HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO - OPERATIEVE SOCIETY LTD.NO.H.IND.(E) 1 PARAVUR TOWN HANDLOOM CO-OP. SOCIETY LTD NO. H.IND (E) 1, NORTH PARAVUR P.O. 04842442571 THE PARAVOOR HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO -OPRATIVE (P&S)SOCIETY LTD.NO3428 THE PARAVOOR HANDLOOM WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE (P&S)SOCIETY (LTD)NO.3428, CHENDAMANGALAM JUNCTION, N.PARAVOOR. -
KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with Financial Assistance from the World Bank
KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT (KSWMP) INTRODUCTION AND STRATEGIC ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA VOLUME I JUNE 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by SUCHITWA MISSION Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Contents 1 This is the STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK for the KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. This is hereby disclosed for comments/suggestions of the public/stakeholders. Send your comments/suggestions to SUCHITWA MISSION, Swaraj Bhavan, Base Floor (-1), Nanthancodu, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram-695003, Kerala, India or email: [email protected] Contents 2 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT .................................................. 1 1.1 Program Description ................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Proposed Project Components ..................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Environmental Characteristics of the Project Location............................... 2 1.2 Need for an Environmental Management Framework ........................... 3 1.3 Overview of the Environmental Assessment and Framework ............. 3 1.3.1 Purpose of the SEA and ESMF ...................................................................... 3 1.3.2 The ESMF process ........................................................................................ -
Diocese of Kochi
THE MALANKARA SYRIAN CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION List of Members 2017- 2022 Diocese : KOCHI Sl. Name of the Name & Address of the Age Remarks No. Parish Church representatives CHN-01/01 01 Areepalam St.Marys Rev.Fr.Varghese Abraham 44 Sion Seminary, Koratty East P.O Thrissur-680308 Mob-9400734818 CHN-01/02 Sri. Sri.M C Varghese 52 Mangalath, Areepalam P O, Iringalakuda Via., Thrissur 680688. Mob-9495528486 CHN-02/01 02 Ayyampilly Rev.Fr.Prince Mathew 38 St.Johns Amabttil Edakkatuvayal P O Ernakulam-682313 CHN-02/02 Sri. M A Korath 70 Mazhuvancherry Parambathu, 30/304 A Pattanchery Road, Poonithura P O-682038 CHN-03/01 03 Chalakkudy St.Thomas Rev.Fr.K.M.Kuriakose 71 Kooran House, Koratty South P.O Thrissur-680308 Mob-9497369076 CHN-03/02 Sri.Thampi Cherian 58 Puthenpurackel (H) North Chalkudy P O-680307 Thrissur. Mob-9495692678 CHN-04/01 04 Chavarampadom Rev.Fr.K.P.Jacob 70 St.George FINALKathaliparambil House LIST Poochira, Putiupariyaram P.O Palakkad-678733 CHN-04/02 Sri.T M George 60 Thooliyakulangara (H) Mulayam P O, Chavarampadam Thrissur-680751 Mob-9747929138. 2 CHN-05/01 05 Chembukkavu Rev.Fr.Job Davis 34 St.Thomas Kanjirathinkal House St.Vincent Convent Road Palarivattom, Kochi-25 Mob-9447775950 CHN-05/02 Sri. K M Davis 68 Kollanoor (H) Thavoos Lane, Mission Quarters Thrissur-1. Mob-99447150150 CHN-05/03 Sri.John K Varghese 69 Kollanoor (H) Kairali Nagar, East Fort Thrissur-680005 Mob-9947338593 CHN-05/04 Sri. Vinoy M J Marakarail (H), Minaloor P O, Atani, Thrissur-680587 Mob-9388078805 CHN-06/01 06 Cherai St.Marys Rev.Fr.Geevarghese Baby 35 St.Marys Orthodox Syrian- Church Parsonage Cherai P.O,Ernakulam-683514 CHN-06/02 Sri.M G. -
Economic and Social Issues of Biodiversity Loss in Cochin Backwaters
Economic and Social Issues of Biodiversity Loss In Cochin Backwaters BY DR.K T THOMSON READER SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COCHIN 680 016 [email protected] To 1 The Kerala research Programme on local level development Centre for development studies, Trivandrum This study was carried out at the School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin during the period 19991999--2001 with financial support from the Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum. Principal investigator: Dr. K. T. Thomson Research fellows: Ms Deepa Joy Mrs. Susan Abraham 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The specific objectives of our study are 1.3 Conceptual framework and analytical methods 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Sources of data and modes of data collection 1.6 Limitations of the study Annexure 1.1 List of major estuaries in Kerala Annexure 1.2 Stakeholders in the Cochin backwaters Chapter 2 Species Diversity And Ecosystem Functions Of Cochin Backwaters 2.1 Factors influencing productivity of backwaters 2.1.1 Physical conditions of water 2.1.2 Chemical conditions of water 2.2 Major phytoplankton species available in Cochin backwaters 2.2.1 Distribution of benthic fauna in Cochin backwaters 2.2.2 Diversity of mangroves in Cochin backwaters 2.2.3 Fish and shellfish diversity 2.3 Diversity of ecological services and functions of Cochin backwaters 2.4 Summary and conclusions Chapter 3 Resource users of Cochin backwaters 3.1 Ecosystem communities of Kochi kayal 3.2 Distribution of population 3.1.1 Cultivators and agricultural labourers. -
God's Own Country, Kerala 8 Days / 7 Nights
God’s Own Country, Kerala 8 days / 7 nights Kerala, the land of kera or coconut, contains a never-ending array of coconut palms, sun blanched beaches, kettuvallams over enchanting backwaters, magical monsoon showers, silent valleys vibrant with flora and fauna. Witness misty mountains from the Western Ghats, indulge your senses in a fragrance of spices, spend your evenings enjoying the reverberating rhythm of a wide array of art forms, fairs and celebrations. Welcome to Kerala, known as God’s Own Country! G.C. Nanda & Sons Ltd. Tourist & Travel Agents Since 1948 Lic 350558. 2903, West Tower Shun Tak Centre, 168-200 Connaught Road, Central, Hong Kong Tel: 2522 3137 / 2522 4228 Fax: 2868 5818 E-mail: [email protected] Itinerary Details 21st of January - Hong Kong - Cochin Depart Hong Kong on SQ 863 at 1330hrs & arrive in Singapore at 1720hrs, take your connecting flight SQ 5368 at 2045hrs, finally arriving in Cochin at 2245hrs. You shall be greeted upon your arrival at Cochin International Airport and assisted to your hotel. Cochin (Kochi) is arguably the ideal starting point for exploring the unfathomable diversity and beauty of Kerala. Enjoy your overnight stay at your hotel. Cochin 22nd of January - Cochin In the morning proceed for a half day city tour of Kochi. Places of interest include: The Dutch Palace: Constructed by the Portuguese in 1568 as a gift to the Maharaja of Kochi. Many areas of the original structure were destroyed during the Dutch siege on Kochi; the repairs done by the Dutch Governor can be seen. The coronations of Kochi Maharajas have been always held here, where the large throne & coronation costumes are on display alongside a collection of other artifacts. -
Book of Abstracts Services E-Mail: [email protected] Website
●●●●● ● ● ● d h l ● S| ksfx aLFk ● i zk ku ● ● ; fn h Y ● r y ● j k h ● k ● H ● ● I ● N I ● D H L ● I A E ● N D ● Y ● IN S G ● ● T LO ITU O ● ● Indian Institute of Technology Delhi T N E OF EC H ● ● T ● ● ● ● 2012 International SWAT Conference International SWAT 2012 2012 International SWAT Conference Sponsors 18-20 July, 2012 India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016 India Tel.: +91-11-2659 1241 Fax: +91-11-2658 1117 www.ars.usda.gov Agricultural Research Book of Abstracts Services E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://civil.iitd.ac.in IIT Gosain Cover 14 7 2012.indd 1 7/14/2012 11:34:42 PM 2012 International SWAT Conference 18-20 July, 2012 India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India Book of Abstracts lllll l l l d h l l S| ksfx aLFk l i zk ku l l ; fn h Y l r y l j k h l k l H l l I l N I l D H L l I A E l N D l Y l IN S G l l T LO ITU O l l T N E OF EC H l l T l l l l Indian Institute of Technology Delhi IIT Gosain 14 7 2012.indd 3 7/14/2012 11:46:45 PM Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016 India Tel.: +011-26591186 Fax: +91-11-2658 1117 Email: [email protected] website: http://web.iitd.ac.in/~gosain/ Design and Production: Silverline Communication Email: [email protected] IIT Gosain 14 7 2012.indd 4 7/14/2012 11:46:45 PM Contents Director’s Message Preface Profiles Organizing Committee Members Local Organizing Committee Members Scientific Committee Members Session -
Accused Persons Arrested in Ernakulam Rural District from 22.08.2021To28.08.2021
Accused Persons arrested in Ernakulam Rural district from 22.08.2021to28.08.2021 Name of Name of Name of the Place at Date & Arresting the Court Sl. Name of the Age & Cr. No & Sec Police father of Address of Accused which Time of Officer, at which No. Accused Sex of Law Station Accused Arrested Arrest Rank & accused Designation produced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 620/21 U/S ,PANAJAYATH 5,4(2)(J) COLONY KEDO 3(B) VELMURU 21/21 (H),NELSON MUPPATHA 22.08.21 BINANIPU ANIL K K SI STATION 1 KARTHIK KEDO KAN M MANDELA DAM AT 17.05 RAM OF POLCIE BAIL ADDL.REGU ROAD,PATHALAM LATIONS ,ELOOR VILLAGE 2020 621/21 U/S 5,4(2)(J) ,KIZHAKKEPARA KEDO 3(B) 21/21 MBIL(H),MUPPAT MUPPATHA 23.08.21 BINANIPU ANIL K K SI STATION 2 ABHISHEK HARIDAS KEDO M HADAM,WEST DAM AT 11.08 RAM OF POLCIE BAIL ADDL.REGU KADUNGALLOOR LATIONS 2020 622/21 U/S 5,4(2)(J) NAITHURUTHIL(H KEDO 3(B) 38/21 MUPPATHA 23.08.21 BINANIPU ANIL K K SI STATION 3 PRAMOD, MOHANAN, ),EAST KEDO M DAM AT 11.29 RAM OF POLCIE BAIL KADUINGALLOOR ADDL.REGU LATIONS 2020 624/21 U/S VALANVANMALI 5,4(2)(J) SETHU (H), EAST 24.08.21 KEDO 3(B) PURUSHOT 29/21 BINANIPU ANIL K K SI STATION 4 PURUSHOT KADUNGALLOOR, IDUKKI JN AT 13.30 KEDO HAMAN M RAM OF POLCIE BAIL HAMAN UC HRS ADDL.REGU COLLAGE,ALUVA LATIONS 2020 625/21 U/S ,NAVEEN 5,4(2)(J) 24.08.21 NAVEEN KRISHNAN 29/21 NIVAS,KADEPPIL KAYANTIKA KEDO 3(B) BINANIPU ANIL K K SI STATION 5 AT 15.25 KRISHNAN KUTTY M LY,EAST RA KEDO RAM OF POLCIE BAIL HRS KADUNGALLOOR ADDL.REGU LATIONS 2020 626/21 U/S 5,4(2)(J) VADASSERY (H), 24.08.21 49/21 KAYANTIKA KEDO 3(B) BINANIPU -
Water Balance and Mean Water Residence Time of the Vembanad Wetland of Kerala State, India
Ecohydrology of Surface and Groundwater Dependent Systems: Concepts, Methods and Recent Developments 223 (Proc. of JS.1 at the Joint IAHS & IAH Convention, Hyderabad, India, September 2009). IAHS Publ. 328, 2009. Water balance and mean water residence time of the Vembanad Wetland of Kerala State, India R. GOPAKUMAR1 & K. TAKARA2 1 Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode-673571, Kerala, India [email protected] 2 Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Abstract The Vembanad Wetland complex of Kerala State in India comprises the Vembanad backwater lake and the deltaic regions of five rivers, which drain into the lake. The wetland has many functions, including flood and pollution control, biodiversity, agriculture, inland navigation and tourism. Artificial impacts including land reclamation and reductions in tidal flushing have led to significant environmental degradation of this wetland complex. This study examines the hydrology of the Vembanad Wetland in terms of river flow variability, seasonal water level variations, residence time and overall water balance. Estimates of water residence time in the Vembanad backwater lake are nearly identical for the scenario of freshwater flows during monsoons and for the non-monsoon scenario, if the lake is left open for tidal flushing. Therefore, one of the strategies for ecological restoration of the Vembanad Wetland is to allow periodic tidal flushing by rescheduling the operation of the Thanneermukkom (TM) barrage during the non-monsoon period. The study also shows that a major share of the freshwater drained into the wetland from the rivers is discharged to the Arabian Sea. Increasing the storage within the river basins is essential for the optimal utilization of river flows and the wetlands’ sustainability. -
Accused Persons Arrested in Eranakulam Rural District from 22.11.2015 to 28.11.2015
Accused Persons arrested in Eranakulam Rural district from 22.11.2015 to 28.11.2015 Name of the Name of Name of the Place at Date & Court at Sl. Name of the Age & Cr. No & Sec Police Arresting father of Address of Accused which Time of which No. Accused Sex of Law Station Officer, Rank Accused Arrested Arrest accused & Designation produced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Arun.G, SI of 1 40 Srambickal Veedu, 22.11.15 at Crime 788/15U/s Police, Udayan Dasan Cherai Munambam 11 Am 323,324,34 IPC Munambam Munambam Station bail Arun G S I of 2 32 Kalapurackal House, 22.11.15 at Crime 788/15U/s Police, Lenish Soolapani Cherai, Karuthala Munambam 11 Am 323,324,34 IPC Munambam Munambam Station Bail Crime 984/15 U/s 3 24 143,147,341,323 Arun G S I of ,294 (b) 506 (i) Police, Arunkumar Kusalan Thayattuparambill House, MunambamIR Valavu, Munambam 23.11.15 at 11 Am427,149 IPC Munambam Munambam Station Bail Crime 984/15 U/s 4 23 143,147,341,323 Arun G S I of ,294 (b) 506 (i) Police, Sarath Vinayakan Kalathil House, MunambamMunambam 23.11.15 at 11 Am427,149 IPC Munambam Munambam Station Bail Kuttipulliserry House, west side of Dewaswam Arun G S I of 5 20 temple Police, Midhunlal Lalji ,Cherai Munambam 24.11.15 at 11 AmCrime 1028/15 U/sMunambam 279,337,338 IPCMunambam Station Bail Kilokodan Veedu, Near Arun G S I of 6 37 Papparackal Veedu, Crime 1025/15 Police, Sunil purushan Kairali Road, Cherai Munambam 27.11.15 at 12 PmU/s 341,324 IPC Munambam Munambam Crime 984/15 U/s 7 22 143,147,341,323 Arun G S I of 28.11.15 at ,294 (b) 506 (i) Police, Vishnu Manikandan Palakkaparambill House,ChenoorMunambam Lane, Vaidhyrupady,2Pm Munambam427,149 IPC Munambam Munambam Station Bail PUTHEN PURAYIL 30/15 8 (H) KAVANA KARA , 22.11.2015 CR.685/15 SUVARNAKUM JFCMC MALE SUBHASH MUVATTUPUZHA KALLOORKAD AT 09.35 U/S 279 IPC VAZHAKULA AR MUVATTUPU DAS DAS VILLAGE JN HRS &185 MV ACT M SI OF POLICE ZHA PARAMBEL (H) 20/15 AYAVANA, 22.11.2015 CR.686/15 ANDRUMAN.K. -
Cochin Estuary, Southwest Coast of India
Article Author Version of : Water, vol.12(3); 2020; Article no: 908 What controls the flushing efficiency and particle transport pathways in a tropical estuary? Cochin estuary, southwest coast of India Sebin John1, 2, Muraleedharan K.R1*, C.Revichandran1, Abdul Azeez.S1, Seena G1, 2, Pierre W Cazenave3 1 CSIR‐National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Center,Kochi 2 Research Scholar, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 3 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: date; Accepted: date; Published: date Abstract: Estuaries with poor flushing and longer residence time retain the effluents and pollutants, ultimately resulting in eutrophication, declining in biodiversity and, finally deterioration of water quality.Cochin Estuary (CE), southwest coast of India is under the threat of nutrient enrichment by the anthropogenic interventions and terrestrial inputs through the land runoff. The present study used the FVCOM hydrodynamic model coupled with a Lagrangian particle module (passive) to estimate the residence time and to delineate site‐specific transport pathways in the CE. Moreover, understanding the back and forth movements and residence time of particles was elucidated using metrics such as path length, net displacement, tortuosity and time to flushed out from the system. Spatio‐temporal patterns of the particle distribution in the CE showed a similar trend during monsoon and post‐monsoon with an average residence time of 25 and 30 days respectively. During the low river discharge period(pre‐monsoon),flood‐ebb velocities resulteda minimum net transport of the water andlonger residence time of 90 days compared to that of high discharge period (monsoon). During the pre‐monsoon, particle releasedat the southern upstream (station. -
Ernakulam District, Kerala State
TECHNICAL REPORTS: SERIES ‘D’ CONSERVE WATER – SAVE LIFE भारत सरकार GOVERNMENT OF INDIA जल संसाधन मंत्रालय MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES कᴂ द्रीय भूजल बो셍 ड CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD केरल क्षेत्र KERALA REGION भूजल सूचना पुस्तिका, एर्ााकु लम स्ज쥍ला, केरल रा煍य GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, KERALA STATE तत셁वनंतपुरम Thiruvananthapuram December 2013 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, KERALA 饍वारा By टी. एस अनीता �याम वैज्ञातनक ग T.S.Anitha Shyam Scientist C KERALA REGION BHUJAL BHAVAN KEDARAM, KESAVADASPURAM NH-IV, FARIDABAD THIRUVANANTHAPURAM – 695 004 HARYANA- 121 001 TEL: 0471-2442175 TEL: 0129-12419075 FAX: 0471-2442191 FAX: 0129-2142524 GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, KERALA STATE TABLE OF CONTENTS DISTRICT AT A GLANCE 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 2.0 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE ................................................................................... 4 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL ............................................................................ 5 4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO .............................................................................. 6 5.0 GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT .......................... 13 6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS ................................ 13 7.0 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY ......................................................