Why the REVOLUTIONISTS? by David Cecsarini

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Why the REVOLUTIONISTS? by David Cecsarini volume 30, issue 1 30, volume 2019 september “ Why THE REVOLUTIONISTS? by David Cecsarini There’s no doubt, I’m a first look and life’s last, here, Lauren Gunderson fan. We’ve every day. And you will see produced four of her plays yourself in it, or your fear, or recently: THE TAMING in 2016 your future before the play’s (remember when the beauty end. And you will test your Photo: Ross Zentner Ross Photo: queen candidate won the White heart against trouble and House?), SILENT SKY (Henrietta joy, and every time you’ll feel Leavitt measures the universe), a flicker or a fountain of feel- I AND YOU (two teens bond ing that reminds you that, for one lifetime), and now THE yes, you are yet living. REVOLUTIONISTS (a dream-fugue I’ve heard many explanations for take on an all-female French the purpose of theatre, and tried Revolution). So, what’s with the Bree Beelow in THE TAMING to formulate some of my own, Gunderson? but Henry’s meditation brings up Lauren Gunderson’s heroes are I also like Olympe because goose bumps. she’s a stand-in for playwright women. I think this, above all What was a tangential inquiry in Gunderson herself. There’s an other reasons, is why I’m a fan THE BOOK OF WILL has taken cen- unmistakable similarity of voice, and why I picked this play. Inter- ter stage in THE REVOLUTIONISTS. bright mind and inquisitiveness estingly, in the script’s cast list, Gunderson puts Olympe through in Olympe’s character which I Lauren initially describes each an arduous obstacle course of recognize from Lauren’s oth- of the four women as “badass.” challenges, creative frustration, er plays and her appearance at She’s serious about her heroes! fear, inspiration and revelation the Madison Public Library I had Without knowing anything about as she wrestles with the mean- the pleasure of attending a few Olympe DeGouges, the reluctant ing and value of art - specifi- years back. At that gathering, playwright-activist at the cen- cally, theatre. Responding early she took the opportunity to read ter of Gunderson’s revolution- on to accusations that theatre a selection from her very recent ary romp, I was readily drawn is nothing but fiction, and of no script, THE BOOK OF WILL (seen into her artistic and societal help to anyone in need, she says: struggles, empathizing with her as a reading at Next Act in 2018), doubts and fears and at last, cel- where two of Shakespeare’s It might be fiction, but it’s not ebrating her triumphs as an artist actors are contemplating the fake. meaning of theatre, sitting on the and proud member of the world’s The beating hearts in front of well-worn boards of the empty sisterhood. you are real. and dark Globe stage. The gathering of people is John: Why do we bother with real. any of it? The time we spend together, Henry: To feel again. Photo: Ross Zentner Ross Photo: this time, is real. John: I feel enough (says the The story is real when it man who has just lost his starts. dear wife to sudden illness). Continued, page 2 Henry: I said to feel again. Inside This Issue The faeiries aren’t real, but the feeling is. We play love’s In Tandem With You! Jane Flieller 3 Deborah Staples in SILENT SKY Renaissance is Moving to Next Act 3 The French Revolution 4 THE REVOLUTIONISTS is generously sponsored by Next On Tap 6 Larry & Patty Compton and Dr. David Paris Dentistry Challenging Visions 7 Why THE REVOLUTIONISTS continued In Tandem With You! by Jane Flieller, Development Director I’ve written before that the actor’s art is often als is storing up, to be released and processed as equated with lying. The comparison is in itself, a the play is freshly remembered. Here are a couple I promised myself I was going to sleep writing grants, hosting lie, clearly an opinion held by those who are as yet of tidbits: through the month of July and then rest in August. fundraising events, and innocent of the power of the ancient art of story- But my alarm clock went off early when David called getting to know patrons … a good deed needs a good story or else it telling which emanates from actors, on wooden to say that Next Act was in need of a Development and donors. All of these might vanish like nothing. ever. happened. planks, in a darkened room, to a gathering of in- Director. things will be part of what …let us laugh, and laugh too loudly and too I’ll do for Next Act. So quisitive minds and open hearts. Under those ex- For the past 21 years, along with my husband, often, and call out the hypocrites of our age while it may have been quisite conditions, the actors’ deep-seated grasp Chris, I was co-founder and Producing Director of of character and circumstance intertwines with until they are the butt of the joke. a little earlier than I had In Tandem Theatre. This past spring, we made the planned, I eagerly took the willingness of humans to imagine and believe, I mean, you can’t kill the writers — that’s decision to cease operations and leave our venue, and miraculously, truth appears. It’s the nature, the the job at Next Act this Democracy 101! the Tenth Street Theatre on Milwaukee’s near west past July. power of theatre. Fiction, not fake. side. While it was a difficult decision, it is one with As she writes in her script notes, “The play is based which we are happy. We believe we did the right My history with Next Act goes back a long way. Another admirable Gunderson trademark, very on real women, real transcripts and real executions. thing at the right time for the organization and for Prior to In Tandem, I worked as a freelance stage much present in THE REVOLUTIONISTS, is her deft But remember it’s a comedy.” And under Gunderson’s ourselves. In Tandem will live on as we continue manager, working with Theatre Tesseract, Next touch when it comes to touchy subjects. Her char- masterful supervision, that comedy is realized along with projects outside of our programming, such Generation Theatre and then for Next Act when the acters draw you in with their ebullient presence and with a deeply-felt exploration – no, celebration - of as training and providing actors to do role-play- two aforementioned companies merged. My dear smart repartee, and then suddenly one of them will the strength, resilience and generosity of the better ing exercises for students of social work through friend, Charles Kakuk, was my mentor when we be- emit the flash of an idea, a flip-sting comment, or half of this planet’s population. a profound and challenging truth which hangs in the Helen Bader School of Social Welfare and other gan In Tandem – teaching me the ins and outs of the air, impossible to miss or avoid. But then, on- Vive les femmes! small events. Who knows, perhaps we’ll put on a arts administration. The transition has been quite ward; Gunderson propels you forward, and as you show somewhere, some day (I hear Next Act rents easy, as I have the benefit of using the same pro- stay alert to the journey, the energy of her editori- their theatre...). Artistically, I do hope to direct again cesses and techniques that Charles instituted for in the future. Next Act and that he passed along to me. I also have known David, the Next Act staff, most of their Ibraheem Farmer Once Chris and I made our decision, it was time to & Cristina Panfilio in I AND YOU actors and designers, as well as many of their pa- decide what direction to take, career-wise. I began trons and donors for years. It all feels very familiar to think about all the things I did administratively and comfortable. with In Tandem and of the myriad of hats I wore, Photo: Ross Zentner Ross Photo: what I would miss the most. The answer kept com- I look forward to seeing old friends and making new ing back to development. I enjoy researching and ones as we launch Next Act’s 30th anniversary season together. Renaissance is Moving to Next Act Over the summer, Renaissance Theaterworks RTW then joined Next Act Theatre for “a couple (RTW), announced they would be moving to a new of fun seasons in the early 2000s” when Next Act artistic home at the Next Act Theatre building at Theatre established its first home, The Off-Broad- the beginning of its 2020-21 production season. way at St. Paul and Water Street. “We look forward THE REVOLUTIONISTS by Lauren Gunderson “We’ve grown beyond the capacity of the 99-seat to hosting RTW’s productions once again, and even though there is significant crossover between our SEPTEMBER 26 - OCTOBER 20, 2019 Studio Theatre at the Broadway Theatre Center,” audiences, we anticipate the added benefit of in- SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY shares Managing Director Lisa Rasmussen, “and we 26 27 28 are excited to seize this moment and embrace the troducing even more people to more good theatre.” Preview Opening demand for more opportunities for the community 4:30 7:30 7:30 8:00 to experience RTW. This bold move will allow us to 29 2 3 4 5 continue on a positive trajectory for many years to come.” 1:30 4:30 2:00 7:30 7:30 7:30 8:00 The move to Next Act Theatre is not the first time 6 9 10 11 12 the two companies have shared a space.
Recommended publications
  • Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Marie Antoinette
    Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER 0. Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER - Story Preface 1. A ROYAL CHILDHOOD 2. THE YOUNG ANTOINETTE 3. WEDDING at the PALACE of VERSAILLES 4. DEATH of LOUIS XV 5. A GROWING RESENTMENT 6. CHILDREN of MARIE ANTOINETTE 7. THE DIAMOND NECKLACE AFFAIR 8. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 9. EXECUTION of LOUIS XVI 10. THE GUILLOTINE 11. TRIAL of MARIE ANTOINETTE 12. MARIE ANTOINETTE and the GUILLOTINE 13. Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER 14. DNA EVIDENCE and LOUIS XVII Jean-Louis Prieur (1759-1795) created this illustration of Louis-Charles, the French Dauphin, depicting his treatment in prison. The title of this 1794 work is: Simon le cordonnier et Louis XVII au Temple (“Simon the Shoemaker and Louis XVII at the Temple”). Once his father was executed, royalists referred to the Dauphin as King Louis XVII. The illustration is maintained at the BnF and is online via Gallica (the BnF’s digitized gallery). Louis-Charles, the orphaned son of a king and—to royalists—a king (Louis XVII) himself, would have been better off had his captors simply killed him. Instead, he endured unimaginable conditions in Temple prison, existing in a room above his sister. When first imprisoned, he was a bright, good-looking child: ...his blue eyes, aquiline nose, elevated nostrils, well-defined mouth, pouting lips, chestnut hair parted in the middle and falling in thick curls on his shoulders, resembled his mother before her years of tears and torture. All the beauty of his race, by both descents, seemed to reappear in him. (Campan, Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Supplement to Chapter IX - scroll down 60%.) An acquaintance of Robespierre, Antoine Simon (often called "Simon the shoemaker"), was charged with caring for the young prince.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pitiful King: Tears, Blood, and Family in Revolutionary Royalism
    The Pitiful King: Tears, Blood, and Family in Revolutionary Royalism Victoria Murano Submitted to Professors Lisa Jane Graham and Linda Gerstein In partial fulfillment of the requirement of History 400: Senior Thesis Seminar Murano 1 Abstract When the French Revolution erupted in 1789, revolutionaries strove to foster a sense of freedom of expression, guaranteeing a brief freedom of the press. The eleventh article of the 1791 Declaration of the Rights of Man asserts that “The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of man’s most precious rights; all citizens may therefore speak, write, print freely, except to answer for the abuse of this liberty in cases determined by law.” However, as France became further embroiled in the Revolution, it abandoned its allegiance to the universality of these rights, propagating pro-republican thought, and persecuting anyone who did not share these views. The royalist press was a major concern to the new republican government, because it continued to speak out in support of the king and criticize the Revolution. The existence of royalist journalists and writers thus posed a problem for revolutionaries who wanted to establish a monolithically-minded republic. Therefore, over time, they enacted repressive censorship and punishment to crack down on royalist sympathizers. Although they sent many royalist writers to prison or the guillotine, the revolutionaries ultimately failed to silence their political enemies. This thesis uses newspapers, images, and other printed media to explore royalist coverage of three events that diminished royal power: Louis XVI’s flight to Varennes in June 1791, his execution in January 1793, and the death of his nine-year-old son and heir, Louis XVII, in June 1795.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline (PDF)
    Timeline of the French Revolution 1789 1793 May 5 Estates General convened in Versailles Jan. 21 Execution of Louis XVI (and later, Marie Jun. 17 National Assembly Antoinette on Oct. 16) Jun. 20 Tennis Court Oath Feb. 1 France declares war on British and Dutch (and Jul. 11 Necker dismissed on Spain on Mar. 7) Jul. 13 Bourgeois militias in Paris Mar. 11 Counterrevolution starts in Vendée Jul. 14 Storming of the Bastille in Paris (official start of Apr. 6 Committee of Public Safety formed the French Revolution) Jun. 1-2 Mountain purges Girondins Jul. 16 Necker recalled Jul. 13 Marat assassinated Jul. 20 Great Fear begins in the countryside Jul. 27 Maximilien Robespierre joins CPS Aug. 4 Abolition of feudalism Aug. 10 Festival of Unity and Indivisibility Aug. 26 Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen Sept. 5 Terror the order of the day Oct. 5 Adoption of Revolutionary calendar 1791 1794 Jun. 20-21 Flight to Varennes Aug. 27 Declaration of Pillnitz Jun. 8 Festival of the Supreme Being Jul. 27 9 Thermidor: fall of Robespierre 1792 1795 Apr. 20 France declares war on Austria (and provokes Prussian declaration on Jun. 13) Apr. 5/Jul. 22 Treaties of Basel (Prussia and Spain resp.) Sept. 2-6 September massacres in Paris Oct. 5 Vendémiare uprising: “whiff of grapeshot” Sept. 20 Battle of Valmy Oct. 26 Directory established Sept. 21 Convention formally abolishes monarchy Sept. 22 Beginning of Year I (First Republic) 1797 Oct. 17 Treaty of Campoformio Nov. 21 Berlin Decree 1798 1807 Jul. 21 Battle of the Pyramids Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Revolution, Napoleon, and Congress of Vienna (1770
    FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 6e, 8a and 8b The French Revolution, Napoleon, and Congress of Vienna (1770-1850 C.E.) You Mean the Revolution Was More than a Bunch of Heads Being Chopped Off? Causes and Events of the French Revolution By the late 1700s, France was on the edge of revolution. The French people were inspired by both the American Revolution and the Enlightenment ideas. The country was struggling due to debt, famine, and inequality. The lower class, known as the third estate, was being taxed unfairly and felt they deserved equal say in the government. On July 14, 1789, a group of angry peasants looking for weapons began the French Revolution by Storming the Bastille, an old prison. The third estate went on to take over the government and made major changes to France. Their goal was to get rid of the old system of monarchy and nobles and establish democracy. Revolutionaries, under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, arrested and executed King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. This began a time known as the Reign of Terror during which those who opposed the Revolution were executed with the guillotine. Over 15,000 people died during the Reign of Terror. While the Revolution did not achieve all of its goals of liberty and equality for all, it did succeed in encouraging secularism, nationalism and democracy. The Third Estate carrying the king, nobles and Catholic Church on its back Napoleon’s Rise and Fall Source: http://www.mrallsophistory.com/revision/the-origins-of-the-french-revolution.html The French people grew tired of the revolution’s violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Divine Right and Popular Sovereignty in the French Revolution
    THE KING AND THE CROWD: DIVINE RIGHT AND POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Robert G. Hamerton-Kelly Stanford University We French cannot really think about politics or philosophy or literature without remembering that all this— politics, philoso- phy, literature—began, in the modern world, under the sign of a crime. A crime was committed in France in 1793. They killed a good and entirely likable king who was the incarnation of legitimacy. We cannot not remember that this crime was horrible... When we speak about writing, the accent is on what is necessarily criminal in writing. (Jean-François Lyotard, "Discussion Lyotard-Rorty" 583; quoted in Dunn 165) The condemnation of the king is at the crux of our contemporary history. It symbolizes the secularization of our history and the disincarnation of the Christian God. (Albert Camus, The Rebel 120; quoted in Dunn 140) usan Dunn makes a well-documented case that the death of Louis SXVI was unconsciously understood, especially by the Jacobins, as a human sacrifice that was necessary for the founding of the republic. "Louis must die because the patrie must live," said Robespierre at the king's trial, and the representative Carra considered Louis "the source of corruption and servitude . the fatal talisman of all our ills" whose death would cause the people to be "regenerated in morality and virtue" (Dunn 15-37). The king was a monster and the source of all the ills, and his death 68 Robert G. Hamerton-Kelly had the power to alleviate those ills and regenerate the nation. This image of the king as sacrificial victim persisted throughout the first half of the nineteenth century in French literature and politics, sometimes assimilating itself to the image of Jesus Christ who died for the sins of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Two American Jacobins Abroad, Joel Barlow and Thomas Paine, 1789
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1973 Two American Jacobins Abroad, Joel Barlow and Thomas Paine, 1789-1801 Ginger Grigg Faber Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in History at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Faber, Ginger Grigg, "Two American Jacobins Abroad, Joel Barlow and Thomas Paine, 1789-1801" (1973). Masters Theses. 3778. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3778 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking· permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. Cf.1973 Dale I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because��- Date Author pdm Two American Jacobins Abroad Joel Barlow and Thomas Paine, 1789-1801 (TITLE) BY Ginger Grigg �aber THESIS SUBMITIED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1973 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE <,_ \l'fl.3 DATE I Affectionately Dedicated �o my Husband, Peter Faber, and our Children.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic
    SECTION 2 The Republic Getting Started As you BEFORE Y OU R EAD read, take 5SETHEInteractive Reader and Study Guide notes on the changes TOFAMILIARIZESTUDENTSWITHTHESECTION MAIN I DEA READING F OCUS KEY T ERMS AND P EOPLE made in French gov- CONTENT An extreme government 1. What changes did the radical Maximilien Robespierre ernment and society changed French society and government make in French guillotine and on the Reign of Interactive Reader and Study Guide, tried through harsh means society and politics? counterrevolution Terror. Section 2 to eliminate its critics within 2. What was the Reign of Reign of Terror France. Terror, and how did it end? The Republic Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 2 MAIN IDEA An extreme government changed French society and tried through harsh means to eliminate its critics within France. Key Terms and People Jean-Paul Marat Maximilien Robespierre Mountain member and a leader of the National Convention guillotine an execution device that drops a sharp, heavy blade through the victim’s neck counterrevolution a revolution against a government established by a revolution Reign of Terror series of accusations, arrests and executions started by the Mountain MUST DIE! Taking Notes As you read the summary, use a chart like the one below to record changes in French government and society as well as those brought about by the Reign of Terror. Jacques-Louis David painted the Death of Marat Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Revolution of 1789 Powerpoint Presentation
    The French Revolution © Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com The Old Regime (Ancien Regime) • Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century • Countries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government • Classes of people – privileged and unprivileged – Unprivileged people – paid taxes and treated badly – Privileged people – did not pay taxes and treated well Society under the Old Regime • In France, people were divided into three estates – First Estate • High-ranking members of the Church • Privileged class – Second Estate • Nobility • Privileged class – Third Estate • Everyone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie merchants in the cities • Unprivileged class The Three Estates Estate Population Privileges Exemptions Burdens First •Circa 130,000 •Collected the tithe •Paid no taxes •Moral obligation (rather than legal •Censorship of the press •Subject to Church obligation) to assist the poor and •High-ranking •Control of education law rather than civil needy clergy •Kept records of births, deaths, law •Support the monarchy and Old marriages, etc. Regime •Catholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility) •Owned 20% of the land Second •Circa 110,000 •Collected taxes in the form of •Paid no taxes •Support the monarchy and Old feudal dues Regime •Nobles •Monopolized military and state appointments •Owned 20% of the land Third •Circa 25,000,000 •None •None •Paid all taxes •Tithe (Church tax) •Everyone else: •Octrot (tax on goods brought into artisans, cities) bourgeoisie, city •Corvée (forced road work) workers, •Capitation (poll tax) merchants, •Vingtiéme (income tax) peasants, etc., •Gabelle (salt tax) along with many •Taille (land tax) parish priests •Feudal dues for use of local manor’s winepress, oven, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Louis Xvi's Last Words
    For Immediate Release 8 April 2006 Contact: Matthew Paton 020 7389 2965 [email protected] LOUIS XVI’S LAST WORDS – REDISCOVERED EXECUTIONER’S ACCOUNT TO BE OFFERED AT CHRISTIE’S Valuable Printed Books and Manuscripts 7 June 2006 London – Christie’s announce that they will offer the most authoritative contemporary account of the execution of King Louis XVI of France at the auction of Valuable Printed Books and Manuscripts on 7 June. This manuscript narrative of the King of France’s execution was written by Charles Henri Sanson, the chief executioner of Paris during the French Revolution, and is believed to have passed though several generations of a private European family before resurfacing. It is expected to realise £80,000-120,000. On 21 January 1793, the French Republican government sent King Louis XVI to the guillotine. Stripped of all his titles and indicted under his family name as citoyen Louis Capet, he was sent to the scaffold to be guillotined by the chief executioner of Paris, Charles Henri Sanson. Following the execution, differing stories began to circulate regarding the former Sovereign’s last moments; exaggerations and manipulations were rife, biased according to political allegiances. An inaccurate article published in the revolutionary journal Thermomètre du jour shortly afterwards prompted Sanson to write a full account to the journal’s editor on 20 February 1793 in order to clarify the events. Sanson’s letter begins by promising ‘l’exacte véritée de ce qui c’est passé’ [the exact truth of what occurred]. He recounts that the King arrived at the place of execution in a horse and carriage, mounted the scaffold where he reluctantly offered his hands to be tied and asked if the drums would continue beating.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernizing the Marianne: the French Feminist Movement and Its Effects on Gender Equality
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The University of Mississippi MODERNIZING THE MARIANNE: THE FRENCH FEMINIST MOVEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON GENDER EQUALITY © 2015 By: Hallie Grace Haines A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi University of Mississippi May 2015 Approved: ____________________________ Advisor: Dr. Anne Quinney ____________________________ Reader: Dr. William Schenck ____________________________ Reader: Dr. Sarah Moses ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my thesis mentor, Dr. Anne Quinney, for all of her helpful guidance and encouraging support during this process. I would also like to thank my second and third readers, Dr. Schenck and Dr. Moses, for their most valued suggestions and interest in my topic. Lastly, I would like to thank my wonderful support system for getting me through all of the late nights, low points, and emotional breakdowns. Without you, I would be lost. You know who you are. Vive la France! ii TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: The Historical Evolution of the French Woman.........................................6 Liberty and Limitation.........................................................................................................6 Early Formations of Feminist Thought…………………………………………………...9
    [Show full text]
  • The Paris Catacombs Remains and Reunion Beneath the Postrevolutionary City
    The Paris Catacombs Remains and Reunion beneath the Postrevolutionary City ERIN-MARIE LEGACEY abstract Although the Paris Catacombs have been a popular space in Paris since opening tothepublicin1809,thisisthefirstacademicstudythatseekstosituatethepublicossuary within a postrevolutionary context. By examining both the early institutional history and popular reception of the Catacombs, this article demonstrates how the Catacombs were instrumental in helping the population process and resolve the dislocation of the Revolution. Specifically, it examines how visitors used the underground space to express anxieties about revolutionary values like equality and to create a sense of historical stability after the Revolu- tion’s radical rupture with the past. keywords Catacombs, Paris, Empire, Restoration, postrevolutionary France he Paris Catacombs are strange: a network of subterranean tunnels care- T fully lined with human bones, punctuated only by a few placards issuing warnings, pithy quotes, and vaguely identifying labels to guide paying visitors on their way through a macabre historical space. With the exception of electric lighting, the Catacombs have gone relatively unmodified since opening to the public in 1809. Even then, in the tumultuous cultural climate of early nine- teenth-century Paris, the Catacombs were an extraordinary sight to behold. As an early visitor described his experience: We enter into this palace of death; its hideous features surround us; the walls are papered over: bones bend into arcs, rise into columns, an artistic hand created a kind of mosaic out of these final remains of humanity, whose ordered regularity only adds to the profound contemplation that this space inspires. Ten genera- tions have been swallowed up here, and this subterranean population is estimated to be three times larger than its aboveground counterpart.
    [Show full text]