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APP202663: Import and Release the Moth, Lathronympha Strigana, and the Beetle, Chrysolina Abchasica, As Biocontrol Agents for the Weed Tutsan (Hypericum Androsaemum)

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APP202663: Import and Release the Moth, Lathronympha Strigana, and the Beetle, Chrysolina Abchasica, As Biocontrol Agents for the Weed Tutsan (Hypericum Androsaemum) Staff Assessment Report APP202663: import and release the moth, Lathronympha strigana, and the beetle, Chrysolina abchasica, as biocontrol agents for the weed tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) 21 March 2016 Purpose An application to import and release the moth, Lathronympha strigana, and the beetle, Chrysolina abchasica, as biocontrol agents for the weed tutsan, Hypericum androsaemum Application number APP202663 Application type To obtain approval to release new organisms Applicant Tutsan Action Group Date formally received 20 November 2015 2 EPA advice for application APP202663 Executive Summary and Recommendation In November 2015, Tutsan Action Group made an application to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) seeking to introduce a moth and a beetle (Lathronympha strigana and Chrysolina abchasica respectively) as a biological control agents for the weed tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum). We examined the beneficial and adverse effects to the environment, market economy, human health and society and communities, in addition to the effects on Māori and their relationship to the environment in our assessment of the application. The applicant presented evidence to show that the biological control agents will only attack members of the Hypericum genus. There is no significant risk that damaging populations of L. strigana could develop on native species as native plants could not support larval survival of the moth. The beetle, C. abchasica, was able to oviposit onto native Hypericum species and a few of those larvae were able to complete development in the laboratory. However, when combined risk scores were calculated using larval survival of the beetle on native species they indicated that likelihood of non-target attack in the field is very low. Therefore, we consider that the introduction of the two biological control agents for tutsan is very unlikely to have adverse effects on native species or on valued ornamental varieties. We note that the introduction of the two biological control agents are unlikely to reduce the intrinsic value of our ecosystem as we consider it unlikely that they will displace native and valued fauna and flora, rapidly alter ecosystems or reduce the enjoyment of valued ornamental plants. We note that reduction in the vigour and spread of tutsan by L. strigana and C. abchasica is likely to provide relief to farmers in the central North Island and lead to the restoration of native ecological process and functions which will improve biodiversity and conservation values. We consider that the benefits that may follow the introduction of L. strigana and C. abchasica will outweigh the identified risks and costs. We also consider that L. strigana and C. abchasica meet the minimum standards set out in section 36 of the Hazardous Substance New Organisms (HSNO) Act. We recommend that the application be approved. March 2016 3 EPA advice for application APP202663 Table of Contents Executive Summary and Recommendation .......................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Purpose of this document ............................................................................................................ 4 2. Application process ..................................................................................................................... 4 3. Submissions ................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Tutsan as the target weed ........................................................................................................... 5 5. Organisms proposed for release ............................................................................................... 10 6. Risk assessment ....................................................................................................................... 12 7. Assessment of benefits ............................................................................................................. 13 8. Assessment of the potential adverse effects on the environment ............................................. 17 9. Assessment of the potential adverse effects on society and communities ............................... 22 10. Conclusion on benefits and risks assessment .......................................................................... 24 11. Relationship of Māori to the environment .................................................................................. 26 12. Minimum Standards................................................................................................................... 29 13. Can L. strigana and C. abchasica establish undesirable self-sustaining populations? ............ 31 14. Recommendation ...................................................................................................................... 31 15. References ................................................................................................................................ 32 Appendix 1: Summary of submissions ................................................................................................ 36 Appendix 2: Submission from Department of Conservation ................................................................ 40 Appendix 3: Māori Reference Group Report ....................................................................................... 43 March 2016 4 EPA advice for application APP202663 1. Purpose of this document On 20 November 2015, Tutsan Action Group applied to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to introduce the moth Lathronympha strigana and the beetle Chrysolina abchasica. This document has been prepared by EPA staff to advise the Decision-making Committee on our risk assessment for the release of L. strigana and C. abchasica. The document discusses the information provided in the application, information readily available in scientific literature and information submitted to the EPA during the public notification process. 2. Application process The Tutsan Action Group lodged an application with the EPA on 20 November 2015 seeking approval to release L. strigana and C. abchasica under section 34 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act (the Act). The application was publicly notified, and open for submissions for 30 working days on 1 December 2015 as required by section 53(1)(b) of the Act. The submission period ended on 10 February 2016. 3. Submissions The EPA received 13 submissions which are summarised in Appendix 1. All submitters supported the release of L. strigana to control tutsan infestations in New Zealand. Two submitters, Northland Regional Council and the Department of Conservation do not support the release of C. abchasica until further research is carried out to confirm C. abchasica will have an insignificant impact on native Hypericum species. DOC and Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu wish to be heard in support of their submissions. Submissions from DOC and MPI As required by the Act and the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Methodology) Order 1998, the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and the Department of Conservation (DOC) were notified of the application and provided with the opportunity to comment. MPI did not make any comments on the application. DOC submitted that tutsan is widely distributed on public conservation land and that tutsan occurs where native Hypericum species are present. DOC support the introduction and release of L. strigana given it is unlikely to have an adverse effect on native Hypericum species. DOC do not support the release of C. abchasica until further research shows the beetle does not exacerbate the current threat status of native Hypericum species. Their full submission is included in Appendix 2. March 2016 5 EPA advice for application APP202663 4. Tutsan as the target weed Pest status and distribution in New Zealand Tutsan is a small perennial shrub that prefers cool, damp areas in full light or light shade with moderate to high rainfall. Tutsan is prevalent in depleted pasture, wasteland and road verges (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2013). Table 1 presents the taxonomic classification of tutsan. Table 1: Complete taxonomic description of tutsan: Taxonomic Unit Classification Order Malpighiales Family Hypericaceae Genus Hypericum Species androsaemum L. Common names Tutsan, sweet-amber The native range of tutsan is extensive, covering Europe, North West Africa and temperate Asia. Tutsan has naturalised in many other parts of the world including Australia, Southern Africa, Chile, and New Zealand where it was first recorded in 1870 (Groenteman, 2011; James and Rahman, 2015). Tutsan is an unwanted organism under the Biosecurity Act 1993 and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord. It is an offence to knowingly propagate, distribute, spread, sell, offer for sale or display tutsan in New Zealand. It is also listed in the Consolidated List of Environmental Weeds in New Zealand published by DOC (Howell, 2008). Tutsan is well established in New Zealand, including on the Stewart, Chatham and Campbell Islands. It is locally abundant in the central North Island with the worst infestations occurring in Taumarunui. It was estimated in 2008 that 1500 ha in Taumarunui was infested with tutsan. Tutsan has invaded pasture and roadsides in Eastern Bay of Plenty with high
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