DOCSLIB.ORG

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Union for Conservation of Nature 12-01-2018 TRI China ProDoc International Union for Conservation of Nature Country: China PROJECT DOCUMENT Building Climate Resilient Green Infrastructure: enhancing ecosystem services of planted forests in China through forest landscape restoration and governance innovation Brief Description of the project The history of forest management and land use in China has resulted in fragmented landscapes featuring many forms of degradation resulting in sub-optimal delivery of ecosystem services and vulnerability to climate change. National attention is now turning towards increasing the quality of forests and maximizing ecosystem service benefits ranging from water regulation and carbon sequestration to the mitigation of natural disasters arising from climate variability and long- term change. To these ends, a concerted effort is required to develop new capacities to plan, implement, and sustain forest landscape restoration. This project seeks to strengthen the policy, practice and evidence base of forest landscape restoration in China as an approach to reducing land degradation, conserving biodiversity, and adapting to climate change. Specifically, the project will enable China’s State Forestry Administration to develop and test new standards of planning, implementation, monitoring and ecosystem service valuation, building expertise and awareness to support longer term and broader restoration initiatives far into the future. Centered around the state forest farm system of former production forests covering 8 per cent of the national territory, the project will increase collaboration across sectors and scales to restore forest ecological functions and increase the benefits of forest ecosystem services to society. New approaches to forest landscape restoration planning, implementation, and complementary sustainable development will be tested in three pilot areas and centered around seven state forest farms, followed by replication and upscaling through capacity building and policy engagement. To support the transition of state forest farms away from timber production to new business models, the project will increase partners’ capacity to engage in outreach to attract to potential donors and investors. The project will promote engagement and broader learning through knowledge capture and sharing from the local level in pilot landscapes to the global level through exchanges and field visits. This project is a child project of The Restoration Initiative, with an intervention approach aligned with the global program. List of Acronyms and Abbreviations AB – Advisory Board ACG – Agency Coordination Group CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CBD – Convention on Biodiversity CCCPC – Central Committee of the Communist Party of China CCFP or SLCP – Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (equivalent to Sloping Land Conversion Program) CEA – China Ecosystem Assessment CPC – Communist Party of China CPO – County Project Office CSO – Civil society organization FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FEDRC – China National Forest Economics and Development Research Center FGD – Focus group discussion FLR – Forest landscape restoration FMR – Forest management and restoration FPIC – Free prior informed consent FYP – Five Year Plan (of the PRC) GDP – Gross domestic product GEF – Global Environment Facility GHG – Greenhouse gas GINI – Generalized inequality index GPFLR – Global Partnership for Forest Landscape Restoration IA – Implementing Agency IO – International Organization IUCN – International Union for the Conservation of Nature LoA – Letter of Agreement M&E – Monitoring and evaluation MFB – City Forestry Bureau MOU – Memorandum of Understanding MPO – City Project Office NDRC – National Reform and Development Commission of the PRC NEA – National Executing Agency NFPP – Natural Forest Protection Program NGO – Non-governmental organization NTFP – non-timber forest product PES – Payment for ecosystem services PFD – Project framework Document PFD – Provincial Forestry Department 2 PMG – Project Monitoring Group PMO – Project Management Office PPP – Public-private partnership PRC – People’s Republic of China ProDoc – Project document REDD+ - Reduced [CO2] emissions from deforestation and forest degradation RMB or CNY – Renminbi or Chinese Yuan (1 RMB = USD 0.15) ROAM – Restoration opportunities assessment methodology SC – Steering committee SD – Sustainable development SFA – State Forestry Administration SFF – State forest farm TNSP – Three-North Shelterbelt Project TRI – The Restoration Initiative UNCCD – United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WRI – World Resources Institute 3 Table of Contents 1. Project Profile .........................................................................................................................7 2. Results Framework ...............................................................................................................10 3. Background and situation analysis ........................................................................................17 3.1 Background and context ......................................................................................................17 3.1.1 Environmental context ..........................................................................................18 3.1.2 Socio-economic context ........................................................................................28 3.1.3 Institutional, sectoral and policy context ................................................................34 3.2 The global environment problem .........................................................................................39 3.3 Threats, root causes and barriers analysis ..........................................................................43 3.3.1 Environmental threats and root causes .................................................................43 3.4 Stakeholder analysis ...........................................................................................................53 3.5 Baseline analysis and gaps .................................................................................................58 3.5.1 Past and planned national actions and projects ....................................................58 4. Intervention strategy (alternative) ..........................................................................................60 4.1 Project rationale and expected global environmental benefits .............................................66 4.1.1 Project rationale ....................................................................................................66 4.1.2 Expected Global Environmental Benefits ..............................................................66 4.2 Project goal and expected impact .......................................................................................69 4.3 Project components, their expected outcomes and outputs and planned activities ..............70 4.4 Risk analysis and risk management measures ....................................................................78 4.5 Consistency with national priorities and plans .....................................................................81 4.6 Project alignment with IUCN Programme ............................................................................83 4.7 Incremental cost reasoning (for GEF projects) ....................................................................84 4.7.1 Baseline or business-as-usual scenario (without the GEF project) ........................85 4.7.2 Incremental reasoning ..........................................................................................86 4.8 Sustainability .......................................................................................................................90 4.8.1 Financial and economic sustainability ...................................................................90 4.8.2 Institutional sustainability ......................................................................................91 4.8.3 Social Sustainability ..............................................................................................91 4.9 Replication ..........................................................................................................................91 4.10 Communication and knowledge management ...................................................................92 4.11 Environmental and social safeguards ................................................................................94 5. Institutional framework and implementation arrangements .................................................... 95 5.1 National decision making and planning, Project coordination and management ..................96 5.1.1 The Implementation Agency .................................................................................96 5.1.2 The National Executing Agency (NEA) .................................................................97 5.1.3 The Steering Committee (SC) ...............................................................................98 5.1.4 Agency Coordination Group (ACG) .....................................................................100 5.1.5 Pilot Area Advisory Boards (ABs) .......................................................................101 5.1.6 Project Management Office (PMO) .....................................................................102 5.2 Procurement procedures and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phosphorous Application Improves Drought Tolerance of Phoebe Zhennan
    fpls-08-01561 September 11, 2017 Time: 14:19 # 1 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by El Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 September 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01561 Phosphorous Application Improves Drought Tolerance of Phoebe zhennan Akash Tariq1,2, Kaiwen Pan1*, Olusanya A. Olatunji1,2, Corina Graciano3, Zilong Li1, Feng Sun1, Xiaoming Sun1, Dagang Song1, Wenkai Chen1, Aiping Zhang1, Xiaogang Wu1, Lin Zhang1, Deng Mingrui1, Qinli Xiong1 and Chenggang Liu1,4 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China, 2 International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 3 Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4 Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China Phoebe zhennan (Gold Phoebe) is a threatened tree species in China and a valuable and important source of wood and bioactive compounds used in medicine. Apart from Edited by: anthropogenic disturbances, several biotic constraints currently restrict its growth and Urs Feller, development. However, little attention has been given to building adaptive strategies
    [Show full text]
  • Ozone Induced Stomatal Regulations, MAPK and Phytohormone Signaling in Plants
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Ozone Induced Stomatal Regulations, MAPK and Phytohormone Signaling in Plants Md. Mahadi Hasan 1 , Md. Atikur Rahman 2 , Milan Skalicky 3 , Nadiyah M. Alabdallah 4, Muhammad Waseem 1, Mohammad Shah Jahan 5,6 , Golam Jalal Ahammed 7 , Mohamed M. El-Mogy 8 , Ahmed Abou El-Yazied 9 , Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim 10 and Xiang-Wen Fang 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] (M.M.H.); [email protected] (M.W.) 2 Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; [email protected] 4 Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 383, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; [email protected] 6 Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh 7 College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; [email protected] 8 Vegetable Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Citation: Hasan, M.M.; Rahman, [email protected] 9 M.A.; Skalicky, M.; Alabdallah, N.M.; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Waseem, M.; Jahan, M.S.; Ahammed, [email protected] 10 Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; G.J.; El-Mogy, M.M.; El-Yazied, A.A.; [email protected] Ibrahim, M.F.M.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newsletter of the IRISH GARDEN PLANT SOCIETY
    The Newsletter of the IRISH GARDEN PLANT SOCIETY ISSUE NO. 95 JANUARY 2005 EDITORIAL “Isn’t it lovely to see the stretch in the evenings?” Have you, like me, heard this said again and again over the past while? And, one cannot but agree that it is indeed lovely to see the stretch in the evenings. This is a time of year with promise of better times to come. The dark days of winter are on the retreat and there are signs of new growth in the garden. This year’s weather conditions provided perfect conditions for excellent photographs of the winter solstice at Newgrange and that event marks the turn of the year and bring that much appreciated stretch in the evenings. May I wish all members a very Happy New Year, every success and enjoyment with your gardening during the coming year and I do hope you will come to the IGPS organised events during this coming year. But, most of all do make a New Year’s resolution to write a nice article for the newsletter! Paddy Tobin, “Cois Abhann”, Riverside, Lower Gracedieu, Waterford. Telephone: 051-857955 E-mail: [email protected] In this Issue Page 3: The Glasnevin China Expedition 2004: An account by Seamus of Brien of the trip to China last September. Page 11: The Glasnevin China Expedition 2004: A Note from Emer OReilly who accompanied Seamus. Page 12: Win Some, Lose…a lot: Rae McIntyre on the trials of being a gardener. Page 15: A Wee Bit of Plain Planting: Stephen Butler on gardening in the Zoo Page 16: Seed Distribution 2005: Stephen Butler with an update Page 17: The National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG): a note from Stephen Butler.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Sustainable Land Use Based on Production–Living–Ecological Function: a Case Study of Hubei Province, China
    sustainability Article Research on Sustainable Land Use Based on Production–Living–Ecological Function: A Case Study of Hubei Province, China Chao Wei 1, Qiaowen Lin 2, Li Yu 3,* , Hongwei Zhang 3 , Sheng Ye 3 and Di Zhang 3 1 School of Public Administration, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; [email protected] 2 School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; [email protected] 3 School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; [email protected] (H.Z.); [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (D.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-185-7163-2717 Abstract: After decades of rapid development, there exists insufficient and contradictory land use in the world, and social, economic and ecological sustainable development is facing severe challenges. Balanced land use functions (LUFs) can promote sustainable land use and reduces land pressures from limited land resources. In this study, we propose a new conceptual index system using the entropy weight method, regional center of gravity theory, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle factor identification model for LUFs assessment and spatial-temporal analysis. This framework was applied to 17 cities in central China’s Hubei Province using 39 indicators in terms of production–living–ecology analysis during 1996–2016. The result shows that (1) LUFs showed an overall upward trend during the study period, while the way of promotion varied with different dimensions. Production function (PF) experienced a continuous enhancement during the study period. Living function (LF) was similar in this aspect, but showed a faster rising tendency.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Changes of Arable Land Driven by Urbanization and Ecological Restoration in China
    Chin. Geogra. Sci. 2018 Vol. 28 No. 4 pp. *–* Springer Science Press https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-018-0983-1 www.springerlink.com/content/1002-0063 Spatial and Temporal Changes of Arable Land Driven by Urbanization and Ecological Restoration in China WANG Liyan 1,2, ANNA Herzberger3, ZHANG Liyun1,2, XIAO Yi1, WANG Yaqing1,2, XIAO Yang1, LIU Jianguo3, 1 OUYANG Zhiyun (1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sci- ences, Beijing 100085, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48823, USA) Abstract: Since the industrial revolution, human activities have both expanded and intensified across the globe resulting in accelerated land use change. Land use change driven by China’s development has put pressure on the limited arable land resources, which has af- fected grain production. Competing land use interests are a potential threat to food security in China. Therefore, studying arable land use changes is critical for ensuring future food security and maintaining the sustainable development of arable land. Based on data from several major sources, we analyzed the spatio-temporal differences of arable land among different agricultural regions in China from 2000 to 2010 and identified the drivers of arable land expansion and loss. The results revealed that arable land decreased by 5.92 million ha or 3.31%. Arable land increased in the north and decreased in the south of China. Urbanization and ecological restoration programs were the main drivers of arable land loss, while the reclamation of other land cover types (e.g., forest, grassland, and wetland) was the primary source of the increased arable land.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropogenic Factors in Land-Use Change in China
    ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS IN LAND-USE CHANGE IN CHINA Gerhard K. Heilig International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenbu rg, Austria RR-97-8 June 1997 Reprinted from Population and Development Review 23(1):139- 168 (March 1997). International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 223G 807 Fax: +43 223G 73148 E-mail: [email protected] Research Reports, which record research conducted at IIASA, are independently reviewed before publication. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National lVIember Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. Reprinted with the perm1ss1on of the Population Council, from Population and Develop­ ment; Review 23(1):139- 168 (March H197). Copyri ght @1997 by t.he Population Council All rights reserved. No part. of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. DATA AND PERSPECTIVES Anthropogenic Factors in Land-Use Change in China GERHARD K. HEILIG THERE ARE FEW places in the world where people have changed the land so intensely and for such a long time as in China (Perkins 1969). Much of the country's inhabited land had been transformed by human intervention sev­ eral hundred years ago. The Loess Plateau of northern China, for instance, was completely deforested in preindustrial times (Fang and Xie 1994). Dur­ ing the early Han Dynasty, in the fourth and third centuries BC, the Chi­ nese started systematic land reclamation and irrigation schemes, convert­ ing large areas of natural land into rice paddies.
    [Show full text]
  • Greening Western China: a Critical View
    Geoforum 40 (2009) 884–894 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoforum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum Greening western China: A critical view Emily T. Yeh Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Campus Box 260, Boulder, CO 80309-0260, United States article info abstract Article history: The dominant narrative in a growing literature about China’s environment conceptualizes a series of Received 10 July 2008 recent large-scale ecological construction projects, particularly in western China, as evidence of a teleo- Received in revised form 20 May 2009 logical graduation into eco-rational modernity, in which environmental improvement and economic growth are intertwined in a virtuous, mutually reinforcing circle. Such ecological modernization narra- tives take for granted both a crisis of ecological degradation, and the premise that the ‘‘greening” of Keywords: the state will have environmental improvement as its primary outcome. The article reviews recent China research on ecological construction projects to protect forests and grasslands in China’s west, which have Ecological construction been identified as major components of China’s ecological modernization goals. It demonstrates the lim- Ecological modernization Forestry itations of an ecological modernization framework for analyzing these projects, and argues instead for a Grasslands critical political ecology analysis, which examines the distributive effects of these projects and employs Political ecology an analytic of governmentality. Ecological construction is more productively understood as a set of dis- cursive practices that authorize differential interventions through processes of internal territorialization, rework the relationship between different categories of citizens and the state, and produce subjects, whose desires may or may not align with those desired by state institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Issue of Land in China's Transition and Urbanization
    The Issue of Land in China’s Transition and Urbanization Tao Ran © 2012 Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Working Paper The findings and conclusions of this Working Paper reflect the views of the author(s) and have not been subject to a detailed review by the staff of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Contact the Lincoln Institute with questions or requests for permission to reprint this paper. [email protected] Lincoln Institute Product Code: WP13TR1 Abstract The paper first discusses the role of land as a key policy instrument employed by Chinese local governments and the impacts of “land finance” in shaping China’s growth pattern and urban development. This is followed by an analysis of the main challenges in the country’s land requisition system, rural collective construction land system as well as agricultural land tenure system. Finally, a coordinated policy reform package is proposed to address these challenges. Keywords: People’s Republic of China, Development, Economic Development, Land Use, Land Regulation, Local Government, Public Policy, Urban, Urban Development, Tenure About the Author Dr. Tao Ran is a research fellow of Peking University–Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy. His research focuses on topics related to China's ongoing economic transition and urban development. He is a professor in the School of Economics and the director of China Center for Public Economics and Governance at Renmin University in Beijing. A specialist in the Chinese economy, he has published on the political economy of China’s economic transition, land and household registration reform in China’s urbanization, local governance and public finance in rural China.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability of Land Use Promoted by Construction-To-Ecological Land Conversion: a Case Study of Shenzhen City, China
    sustainability Article Sustainability of Land Use Promoted by Construction-to-Ecological Land Conversion: A Case Study of Shenzhen City, China Yunfei Peng 1, Jing Qian 5, Fu Ren 1,2,3, Wenhui Zhang 6 and Qingyun Du 1,2,3,4,* 1 School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; [email protected] (Y.P.); [email protected] (F.R.) 2 Key Laboratory of GIS, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China 3 Key Laboratory of Digital Mapping and Land Information Application Engineering, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-information, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China 4 Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China 5 Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resource Research Center, 8009 Hongli Road, Shenzhen 518040, China; [email protected] 6 Shenzhen Institute of Building Research, Co., Ltd., No. 29, 3 Meiao Road, Shenzhen 518049, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-27-8766-4557; Fax: +86-27-6877-8893 Academic Editor: Tan Yigitcanlar Received: 6 June 2016; Accepted: 11 July 2016; Published: 14 July 2016 Abstract: Rapid urbanization and rapid urban growth present great challenges to the sustainable utilization of land resources. This paper discusses the on-going process of construction-to-ecological land conversion (CELC) in terms of three aspects: land use, environmental effects, and system responses. CELC is compared to other current land conversion strategies in China. Taking Shenzhen City as an example, this paper introduces five areas in which CELC has been implemented since 2009, including basic farmland protection zones, mining areas, ecological corridors, inefficient industrial zones, and urban villages.
    [Show full text]
  • Lay of the Land I
    Laojunshan National Park. Photo by Xu Jian PART 1: LAY OF THE LAND I. Biodiversity This part of the book provides context for land protection efforts in China aimed at protecting biodiversity. Chapter I, Biodiversity, provides an overview of the country’s wealth of species and ecosystem values. Because ample existing literature thoroughly documents China’s biodiversity resources, this chapter does not delve into great detail. Rather, it provides a brief overview of species diversity, and then describes the locations, types, and conservation issues associated with each major ecosystem. Chapter II, Land Use, identifies the locations and trends in land use across the country, such as urbanization, livestock grazing, forest uses, and energy development, which can affect multiple ecosystems. Not surprisingly, China’s flora and fauna are experiencing ever- increasing impacts as a result of China’s unprecedented economic growth and exploding demand for natural resources. Thus, new and strengthened land protection efforts are required to ensure the persistence of China’s rich biodiversity heritage (see Part 3, Land Protection in Practice). A. Species Diversity Terrestrial biodiversity in China is among the highest in the world, and research and inventories of the distribution and status of the country’s biodiversity are fairly comprehensive. China is home to 15% of the world’s vertebrate species including wildlife such as the Yunnan golden monkey, black-necked crane, and the iconic giant panda. China also accounts for 12% of all plant species in the world, ranked third in the world for plant diversity with 30,000 species (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1992) (Li et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscovering Chinese Cities Through the Lens of Land-Use Patterns
    Land Use Policy 79 (2018) 362–374 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Land Use Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol Rediscovering Chinese cities through the lens of land-use patterns T ⁎ Wei Langa, Ying Longb, , Tingting Chena a Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Geography and Planning, and Urbanization Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China b School of Architecture and Hang Lung Center for Real Estate, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Urbanization is a complex spatial phenomenon involving significant compositions and interactions in land use. Urbanization Yet, only few studies have quantitatively examined multidimensional urban land-use patterns with insights into Land-use patterns land use policy, particularly in the context of China’s rapid urbanization process. This paper aims to investigate Spatial entropy (SE) the urban land-use patterns in China by employing multiple measurements with multi-sourced data, including Dissimilarity index (DI) Spatial Entropy and Dissimilarity Index, and a combination of cellular-automata (CA) modeling and Structural Planning policy Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that land-use patterns in China are characterized from more mixed China (Beijing, Shanghai) to less segregated (Xiangyang, Tangshan, and Guiyang), and the most segregated (Chongqing), which can be categorized into three typical types: economically led, government led, and geo- graphically constrained. The findings also indicate that residential sector has correlation with GDP and urban built-up area; public sector is driven by GDP, urban built-up area, and paved road area; and commercial sector is related to GDP and paved road area.
    [Show full text]