2014 Drug Policy Reform Congressional Voter Guide

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2014 Drug Policy Reform Congressional Voter Guide 2014 Drug Policy Reform Congressional Voter Guide October 2014 Prepared By: Drug Policy Action 925 15th Street, NW 2nd Floor Washington, D.C. 20005 202.683.2030 www.drugpolicyaction.org In recent years there has been a major political Introduction shift in Congress in favor of reforming U.S. drug laws and letting states set their own marijuana It has been six years since Drug Policy Action released policies. The 113th Congress featured a record its last congressional voter guide in 2008 and measured number of members of Congress in the House support in the U.S. House of Representatives for drug introducing a record number of drug policy policy reform. In the two years of congressional work reform bills and amendments that won bipartisan examined by our 2008 voter guide, U.S. Representatives support. were recorded on only four drug-related votes, and not a single Representative voted in favor of reform every time. The U.S. House approved numerous amendments barring federal interference in state The intervening years have seen a profound shift in efforts to reform marijuana laws. Reducing the favor of drug policy reform efforts and the emergence number of people behind bars in the U.S. for drug of a bipartisan majority of U.S. Representatives working law violations has also become a major focus on in support of change. Capitol Hill. Support for the failed war on drugs is clearly eroding. 2014 saw the first time ever that the U.S. House of Representatives has voted in favor of major This voter guide profiles seven floor votes in the marijuana law reform. In historic votes on issues U.S. House of Representatives. The results show ranging from whether to bar the Drug Enforcement how far drug policy reform has come in Congress Administration (DEA) from undermining state and how the political discourse has changed in medical marijuana laws to allowing banks to accept favor of ending the war on drugs. deposits from marijuana businesses, a clear bipartisan consensus favored letting states set their own marijuana policies and move forward with industrial hemp cultivation. For the first time ever in the history of drug policy reform efforts in Congress, a working bipartisan majority of the U.S. House of Representatives is on record supporting drug policy reform. 243 Representatives (nearly 56 percent of the entire U.S. House) have earned a C or better in this year’s voter guide for their voting record on drug policy reform. 179 Democrats joined 64 Republicans in supporting at least three of the floor votes profiled in this guide. This momentum far out shadows the congressional support for drug policy reform chronicled in Drug Policy Action’s 2008 voter guide. 49 Representatives have earned an A+ in Drug Policy Action’s 2014 voter guide for voting in favor of reform on all seven floor amendments offered on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. In contrast, Drug Policy Action’s 2008 voter guide could not name a single Representative who voted in favor of reform every time. In 2008, 165 Representatives voted in support of a floor amendment barring the DEA from spending any federal funds to undermine state medical marijuana laws, not enough to win. In 2014, 219 Representatives voted in support of a similar amendment (House Vote 258 – see details on page 2014 Drug Policy Reform www.drugpolicyaction.org 2 Congressional Voter Guide seven) offered by six Republicans and six Democrats marijuana legalization had gone from third-rail topic and the amendment passed. to thoroughly mainstream. Over the past two years bipartisan support has February 2014: the Obama Administration emerged for reforming mandatory minimum announces new guidelines giving banks more leeway sentencing for drug law violations and letting people to provide financial services to state-licensed out of federal prison early. This builds on bipartisan marijuana businesses. legislation that Congress passed in 2010 reducing crack cocaine sentences. March 2014: the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee takes an historic step in passing the Smarter The past two years have featured numerous decisive Sentencing Act, bipartisan sentencing reform steps by congressional lawmakers and officials in the legislation that represents the biggest overhaul in Obama administration towards advancing drug policy federal drug sentencing in decades. reform and protecting states from federal interference that would otherwise undermine implementation of drug April 2014: the Department of Justice announces policy reforms by state and local officials across the that clemency and pardon guidelines will be nation. The following timeline highlights several of these expanded so that they apply to more people decisive steps. incarcerated under a drug mandatory minimum sentence. February 2013: Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-3rd/OR) and Rep. Jared Polis (D-2nd/CO) establish the May 2014: the U.S. House approves a bipartisan Sensible Drug Policy Working Group to serve as a amendment prohibiting the DEA from interfering forum for members of Congress to strategize and with state hemp production laws. The U.S. House collaborate on drug policy reform legislation. also approves a bipartisan amendment prohibiting the DEA from interfering with state hemp research June 2013: the U.S. House approves a bipartisan programs. One month later, in June 2014, the Senate amendment to allow limited cultivation of industrial Appropriations Committee approves a similar hemp hemp within the United States for academic or amendment. agricultural research purposes in states that allow it. May 2014: 219 members of the House pass a August 2013: momentum for federal criminal justice bipartisan amendment prohibiting the DEA from reform accelerates when Attorney General Eric undermining medical marijuana laws in twenty-three Holder announces major federal sentencing policy states, as well as eleven additional states that regulate changes, including dropping the use of mandatory CBD oils. Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and Senator minimum sentencing in certain drug cases, and Cory Booker (D-NJ) introduced a similar working with Congress to pass bipartisan sentencing amendment in the Senate but the underlying reform. appropriations bill never made it to the floor due to senate dysfunction so a vote on the amendment was August 2013: U.S. Department of Justice officials never held. announce that it will not challenge state marijuana laws, thus giving a limited “green light” to states like July 2014: the U.S. House passes a bipartisan Washington and Colorado to pursue legalization. amendment preventing the Treasury Department The Department of Justice issues a directive to from spending any funding to penalize financial federal prosecutors instructing them not to interfere institutions that provide services to marijuana with state marijuana laws – as long as a number of businesses that are legal under state law. stipulations are adhered to, such as preventing Concurrently, the House rejects another amendment distribution to minors. barring the Treasury Department from implementing guidance to ease access to banks by marijuana September 2013: the U.S. Senate Judiciary businesses. Committee holds a historic hearing on the conflict between state and federal marijuana laws that features a reasoned discussion among Senators and government officials on the implementation of state marijuana legalization, underscoring the fact that 2014 Drug Policy Reform www.drugpolicyaction.org 3 Congressional Voter Guide About Drug Policy Action in Congress. Thirdly, this guide only covers the U.S. House of Representatives because of the lack of Drug Policy Action is a not-for-profit, nonpartisan meaningful or recorded drug-related floor votes in the 501(c)4 organization dedicated to promoting alternatives U.S. Senate in 2013 and 2014. Finally, this guide covers all to the war on drugs that reduce the harms of both drug U.S. House Representatives who served during the 113th use and drug prohibition. On Capitol Hill, in the media, Congress. Some Representatives who are listed are not and in communities across the country, Drug Policy running for re-election. This guide does not provide Action supports efforts to reform drug laws, reduce information about candidates running against incumbents stigma and discrimination against people who use drugs. or candidates running for a vacant congressional seat. Drug Policy Action’s congressional priorities include: Most important to this survey is how U.S. Representatives voted on the following seven floor votes: Eliminating mandatory minimum sentencing and supporting other incremental reforms to 1. House Vote 269. An amendment to H.R. 1947 drug sentencing that would have amended the federal Controlled Opposing measures that increase existing drug Substances Act to allow colleges and universities sentences or criminalize more drugs to grow and cultivate industrial hemp in states Cutting wasteful drug war spending and where it is already legal without fear of federal shifting the focus of the federal drug budget interference. (Drug Policy Action supported the from failed supply-side programs to cost- amendment). effective demand and harm reduction strategies. 2. House Vote 250. An amendment to H.R. 4660 Prohibiting the federal government from that would have cut the Drug Enforcement undermining state marijuana reform laws and Administration’s budget by $35 million. (Drug advancing legislation allowing states to reform Policy Action supported the amendment). their drug policies without federal interference. Eliminating
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