EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM
Alleghany Northampto C Ashe Surry Gates C ur Stokes Rockingham Caswell Person P a r i tu Vance Warren n a s m c k Granville Hertford P q u de e o t n Watauga Halifax rq u a n Wi lkes i m k Yadkin C an Forsyth Bertie h o s M Guilford Orange Franklin w i Avery Alamance an t c h Durham e Caldwell Alexander Davie Nash Yancey ll Edgecombe Madison Martin Washington Iredell Davidson Wake Tyrell Dare Burke Randolph Chatham Wilson McDowell Catawba Haywood Buncombe Rowan Pitt Beaufort Hyde Swain Lee Johnston Rutherford Lincoln Greene Henderson Cabarrus Graham Jackson Stanly Moore Harnett Polk Cleveland Gaston Wayne nia Montgomery Lenoir Macon lva Mecklenbur Craven Cherokee nsy Tra g Clay Cumberland Pamlico Richmond Hoke Sampson Jones Union Anson Duplin Scotland Onslow Carteret Robeson Bladen Pender
New Columbus Hanover
Brunswick June 2005
STATE PLAN
State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan – June 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS...... 1
I. INTENT AND PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN...... 4
II AUTHORITY ...... 4
III. THE NATIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL EMERGERNCY ALERT SYSTEM: PARTICIPATION AND PRIORITIES ...... 4 A. NATIONAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PARTICIPATION…………… B. STATE/LOCAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PARTICIPATION………. C. CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PARTICIPATION……. D. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PRIORITIES………………………………. IV. THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION COMMITTEE ...... 6
V. ORGANIZATION AND CONCEPTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ...... 6 A. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM DESIGNATIONS…………………………… B. DELIVERY PLAN……………………………………………………………….. C. DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL EAS STRUCTURE AND PLANS……………… D. ORIGINS OF EAS INFORMATION…………………………………………….. VI. AUTHENTICATION...... 9 A. NATIONAL………………………………………………………………………. B. STATE ……………………………………………………………………………. C. LOCAL ……………………………………………………………………………………. VII. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PROTOCOL ...... 9 A. HEADER CODE………………………………………………………………….. B. ATTENTION SIGNAL …………………………………………………………... C. AURAL MESSAGE………………………………………………………………. D. END OF MESSAGE……………………………………………………………… E. TIME-DURATION AND COUNTY LOCATION CODES ………………………...
VIII. REQUIRED EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM TESTS...... 14 A. REQUIRED WEEKLY TEST……………………………………………………. B. REQUIRED MONTHLY TEST ………………………………………………………..
IX. STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM SCRIPTS AND FORMATS ...... 16
1 State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan – June 2005
A. REQUIRED WEEKLY TEST……………………………………………………. B. REQUIRED MONTHLY TEST……………………………………………………….. X. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ACTIVATION PROCEDURES...... 17 A. NATIONAL ACTIVATION PROCEDURES…………………………………… B. STATE ACTIVATION PROCEDURES………………………………………… C. LOCAL AREA ACTIVATION PROCEDURES ………………………………... D. NORTH CAROLINA CHILD ALERT NOTIFICATION ROCEDURES………. E. WEATHER-RELATED EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PROCEDURES….... XI. GUIDANCE FOR BROADCASTING AN EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ALERT ...... 19 A. RADIO TRANSMISSION OF AN EAS ALERT………………………………… B. TELECASTING AN EAS ALERT……………………………………………….. XII. GUIDANCE FOR ORIGINATORS OF AN EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ALERTS...... 20 A. GUIDANCE FOR NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PERSONNEL………… B. GUIDANCE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT/SERVICES PERSONNEL
GLOSSARY...... 21
ACRONYMS ...... 25
SIGNATURE/APPROVAL PAGE…………………………………………………………….46
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A (Roster of Entities Authorized to Activate the Emergency Alert System) …….28
APPENDIX B (State Emergency Communications Committee) ...... 29 (Local Area Emergency Communications Commission )...…………………...30 APPENDIX C (Emergency Alert System State Relay Map) ………………………………...... 32
APPENDIX D (EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM DAISY CHAIN NETWORK) ...... 34
APPENDIX E (EAS Monitoring Assignments by Local Area )…………………….....………35
APPENDIX F (National-level Emergency Alert System)………………………………...…..37
APPENDIX G (National Weather Service Forecast Area Map)…………………………….. 39
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APPENDIX H (NWR Station Locations and Radio Frequencies )…………………………... 41
APPENDIX I (EMnet Message Distribution System) ………………………………………...42
APPENDIX J (Emergency Alert System Event Codes)……………………………………….43
APPENDIX K (Federal Information Processing Systems Codes) ...... 44
APPENDIX L (Federal Information Processing Systems Code Map) ………………………45
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PRIORITIES ...... 6
TABLE 2. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM DESIGNATION DEFINTIONS ...... 7
TABLE 3. HEADER CODE SEQUENCE ...... 10
TABLE 4. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ORIGINATOR CODES...... 11
TABLE 5. EXAMPLE LOCATION CODES...... 12
TABLE 6. EXAMPLE DURATION CODES ...... 12
TABLE 7. ENCODER IDENTIFIER CODE FORMATS...………………………….……13
TABLE 8. NATIONAL EVENT CODES…………………………………………………. 43
TABLE 9. LOCAL EVENT CODES………………....……………………………………44
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I. INTENT AND PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN
This plan is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandated document outlining the organization and implementation of the State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System (EAS). This plan is the guideline for North Carolina broadcasters, cable television operators, state and local entities authorized to use the EAS (as listed in Appendix A) to determine: • Mandated and optional monitoring assignments; • Codes to be used in the EAS Header sequence; • Schedule of the Required Monthly Tests (RMTs) which must be relayed by all broadcasters and cable operators; • Any other elements of the EAS which are unique to this state.
II. AUTHORITY
Authority lies within Title 47 U.S.C. 151, 154(i) and (o), 303(r), 524(g) and 606; and 47 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR,) Part 11, Federal Communications Commission Rules and Regulations, Emergency Alert System as it pertains to day-to-day emergency operations.
All operations of the Emergency Alert System are in accordance with Subpart G of Part 73, FCC Regulations (Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations; the Federal Communications Commission's "EAS Checklist"). This plan is consistent with the provisions of the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission and is considered to be a supplement to the National Emergency Alert System Plan.
This Plan is an adjunct to the FCC EAS Rules, and is not meant to be a summary, in whole or in part, of those rules. Consult FCC Rules Part 11 for complete rules regarding the Emergency Alert System. All references located within brackets in the following text refer to the aforementioned FCC Rules Part 11.
III. THE NATIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM: PARTICIPATION AND PRIORITIES
A. National Emergency Alert System Participation
The EAS is composed of broadcast networks; cable networks and program suppliers; AM, FM, Low Power FM (LPFM) and TV broadcast stations; Class A television (CA) stations; Low Power TV (LPTV) stations; cable systems; wireless cable systems which may consist of Multipoint Distribution Service (MDS), Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS), or Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) stations; and other entities and industries operating on an organized basis during emergencies at the National, State and local levels. It requires that at a minimum all participants use a common EAS protocol, as defined in § 11.31, to send and receive emergency alerts.
As a member of the EAS, participants are required to have a working encoder/decoder (en/dec) box with the following exceptions: (a) cable and wireless cable systems serving fewer than 5,000 subscribers are required to install an FCC-certified decoder only, and;
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(b) broadcast satellite and repeater station, which rebroadcast 100% of the programming of their hub station, will be exempt from the requirement to install EAS equipment.
All broadcasters and subject cable operators are required to participate in the National- level EAS. Participating National (PN) stations and cable operators will carry the Presidential message; Non-Participating National (NN) stations will make an announcement and sign off. All broadcasters and subject cable operators must transmit a Required Weekly Test (RWT). In addition, once a month every broadcaster must re- transmit a Required Monthly Test (RMT) within 60 minutes [FCC 11.61 (v)] of their EAS decoder receiving it. These actions are required of all broadcasters and subject cable operators, regardless of their “PN” or “NN” EAS status.
B. State/Local Emergency Alert System Participation
Participation in the State and/or Local Area EAS is voluntary for all broadcasters and cable operators. However, broadcast stations and cable operators electing to participate in the State and/or Local Area EAS must follow the procedures found in this Plan. Stations designated “NN” (Non-Participating National) may participate in the State and/or Local Area EAS without any prior FCC approval even though they elect not to carry National EAS Alerts.
All participating EAS stations are strongly urged to place their encoder/decoder boxes in “Automatic Relay” mode for incoming messages containing mandatory Local Event Codes listed in Appendix K and Table 9.
It should be noted that the Emergency Alert System should be used only in short duration life-or-death events.
C. Conditions of Emergency Alert System Participation
Participation in this Plan shall not be deemed to prohibit broadcast licensees from exercising independent discretion and responsibility in any given situation. Broadcast stations and cable systems transmitting EAS emergency communications shall be deemed to have conferred rebroadcast authority. Management of each broadcast station and cable system may exercise discretion regarding the broadcast of emergency information and instructions to the general public. This authority is provided by FCC Rules and Regulations [11.54d].
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D. Emergency Alert System Priorities
EAS Priorities as set forth in the FCC rules [11.44] are as listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Emergency Alert System Priorities
Priority Level Priority First National Level EAS Messages Second Local Area EAS Messages Third State EAS Messages Fourth Messages from the National Information Center (NIC)
Messages from the National Information Center are follow-up messages sent after a national EAS activation.
IV. THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE
The responsibility for administering this plan rests with the members of the North Carolina State Emergency Communications Committee (SECC). The FCC appoints the SECC chairman and co- chairmen for radio, television, cable and utility interests. The chairmen and co-chairmen of the ten Local Area Emergency Communications Committees (LAECC) and other voluntary members appointed by the SECC Chairman are also members of the SECC. Refer to Appendix B for a listing of SECC and LAECC members.
V. ORGANIZATION AND CONCEPTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM
The statewide North Carolina EAS can be activated by a request from an authorized Federal, State, or local official to the State Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The EOC Communication Officer will program relevant alert data into the EMnet transmitter. The encoded alert data will be sent simultaneously via satellite to the LP-1, LP-2 and SR-3 stations spread throughout the state. (See appendix C for placement of LP stations).
The NCEOC can also activate the EAS in a particular region or area by contacting only the LP stations in that area. These transmissions will be encoded to alert LPs serving designated counties.
The routing of the over-the-air, "daisy chain" relay network using SP-1 (WQDR-FM 94.7 mhz) and SP-2 (WDCG-FM 105.1 mhz) is charted in Appendix D. The monitoring assignments for each county are listed in Appendix E.
If, for any reason, the State EOC is unable to transmit a statewide alert message or a required monthly test, the EOC Communication Officer will contact the Raleigh office of the National
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Weather Service (NWS) and request the transmission of that alert or RMT. If the State EOC is unable to transmit a local alert message, the EOC Communications Officer will contact the relevant NWS station and request the transmission of that alert message.
FCC rules stipulate that all broadcast station licensees and cable systems in North Carolina monitor two EAS sources (LP-1 and LP-2) in their EAS local area. In addition to the required monitoring assignments, stations are strongly encouraged to monitor their local area NWS station and may monitor NCEM via EMnet, or an adjacent area LP-1 or LP-2 station. For full participation in the North Carolina State EAS Plan, each radio and television station and cable system with city of license in the state should monitor their LP-1, LP-2 and local NWS station.
A. Emergency Alert System Designations
Every broadcast station and subject cable system will be assigned an EAS designation status, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. EAS Designation Definitions EAS Designation Full Title Definition NP National Primary A source of national EAS alerts SP State Primary The State Primary station is WQDR-FM 94.7 MHZ in Raleigh. It is the Primary Entry Point and would receive and relay any national EAS alert. LP Local Primary Broadcast stations which are primary sources of local area, national, and State EAS alerts. State LP stations are identified in Appendix C of this plan. PN Participating National Broadcast stations and cable systems that monitor primary sources of EAS programming and directly feed emergency alerts to the public. NN Non-participating Broadcasters which have elected not to National participate in the national level EAS. These stations must have specific authorization from the FCC to sign off the air during a national emergency.
B. Delivery Plan
The SECC is required by the FCC to develop an EAS message delivery plan that will provide a minimum of two sources for all levels of EAS alerts to each broadcast station and subject cable system. The primary delivery system to LP-1s and LP-2s is the EMnet, as shown in Appendix I. The alternate delivery system, with primary responsibility for weather alerts and local EAS messages (issued as a CEM), is the National Weather Service. NWR station locations and radio frequencies are listed in Appendix H. As a full participant in the NC EAS program, each broadcaster and cable system should monitor the local area LP-1 and LP-2 and the closest NWS office.
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Monitoring assignments for all broadcast stations and subject cable systems in North Carolina are included in this plan. (See Appendix C for the NC LP Network, Appendix D for the EAS "Daisy Chain" Network, Appendix E for EAS County Monitoring assignments and Appendix G for NWS Alert Areas.)
C. Development of Local Emergency Alert System Structure and Plans
A basic EAS system would have at least one point of access for all authorized agencies within a local operational area. This point would consist of an EAS encoder/decoder and a communication link capable of sending EAS information to an LP station.
LP stations are strongly encouraged to place their encoders on auto-forward mode at all times. Automatic interrupt of programming and transmission of EAS messages are required when facilities are unattended. Automatic transmission must include a permanent record that contains at a minimum the following information: originator, event, location and valid time period of the message [FCC Rules 11.51].
D. Origins of Emergency Alert System Information
1. National-Level System
The President of the United States or other federal authorities may utilize the facilities of EAS in a national emergency. Notification of a national EAS alert comes in the form of an EMERGENCY ACTION NOTIFICATION (EAN) from the White House. This notification is distributed to the nation via one method:
• The network of PRIMARY ENTRY POINT (PEP) broadcast stations. The PEP station in the State of North Carolina is WQDR-FM (94.7) in Raleigh.
See Appendix F for a description of the National-level EAS system.
2. State-Level System
The primary statewide EAS Activation Point (EAS-AP) is the State Emergency Operation Center, 116 West Jones St., Raleigh, North Carolina. The Division of Emergency Management (NCEM) has primary responsibility for statewide activation of EAS through EMnet. In the event that the NCEOC is incapable of activating the statewide EAS, the National Weather Service is the back-up provider. A list of the entities authorized to request activation of the EAS system can be found in Appendix A. Procedures for activation are detailed in this document at: X. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ACTIVATION PROCEDURES "State Activation Procedures." The Statewide Activation network for EAS is depicted in Appendices C, D, and G.
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3. National Weather Service Distribution
Seven National Weather Service (NWS) offices operate seventeen National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio (NWR) transmitter systems that broadcast weather information that impacts North Carolina counties. This information includes weather warnings and watches for adverse weather conditions. Broadcast stations and cable systems receive and re-broadcast both these weather-related advisories and other emergency information. Each NWS office is required to perform a weekly test of the NWR system.
The NWS is the backup provider of statewide EAS messages. Additionally, a State, area, county, or city emergency management official may directly contact the servicing NWS office and request issuance of a Civil Emergency Message (CEM) via the NWR system. See Appendix G for a map of each NWS office’s area of responsibility and Appendix I for NWR station locations and their coverage areas. Additional details on NWR, such as transmission frequencies, can be found at the NWR website address: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr .
VI. AUTHENTICATION
A. National
Per FCC public notice (http://www.fcc.gov/mmb/asd/decdoc/letter/1998--09--03-- eas2.html) the authenticator code list is no longer distributed by the FCC, and is no longer required.
B. State
One statewide authentication list will be used for all local and state activation. This list will be furnished by the Division of Emergency Management to all LP-1 and LP-2 stations, the seven National Weather Service offices with warning responsibilities in North Carolina, all local emergency management offices and others designated to request an activation.
C. Local
A statewide authentication list will be provided to designated local authorities as stated in paragraph B above.
VII. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM PROTOCOL
EAS activations (tests or alerts) will consist of up to four elements: • A header code (mandatory); • An attention signal (optional); • An aural message (optional); and • An end of message code (mandatory).
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A. Header Code
All EAS activations will include a header code data burst. The header code will be sent three times, with a one-second pause after each transmission, to ensure proper reception by EAS decoders.
EAS header codes consist of the following elements sent in the sequence shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Header Code Sequence
Header Code Header Code Name of Code Definition Sequence First Preamble N/A Clears the system. The preamble is automatically sent by the EAS encoder. Second ZCZC Start Code An identifier which indicates the start of the ASCII code. Automatically sent by the EAS encoder. Third ORG Originator Code The code describes the type of entity originating an EAS activation. See subsection 1 below. Fourth EEE Event Code This code describes the type of event that has occurred. See subsection 2 below. Fifth SSCCC Location Code This code identifies the states, counties, municipalities and unincorporated areas affected by the EAS alert. See subsection 3 below. Sixth TTTT Duration Code This code defines how long the alert is expected to be in effect. See subsection 4 below. Seventh JJJHHMM Date and Time of Day Date and time of day the EAS was Code activated. See subsection 5 below. Eighth LLLLLLLL Encoder Identifier Code This code identifies the specific entity originating the EAS alert. See subsection 6 below.
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1. Originator Code
The user programs their originator code (ORG) into the EAS encoder at initial setup. The valid originator codes are given in Table 4 [11.31d]:
Table 4. EAS Originator Codes
Originator Code Definition EAN Emergency Action Notification Network PEP Primary Entry Point System WXR National Weather Service CIV Civil Authorities EAS Broadcast Station or Cable System
2. Event Code
The Event Code (EEE) must be programmed into the encoder by the originator for each activation. The Event Codes listed in Appendix J (Table 8 and Table 9) have been approved by the FCC for EAS use in North Carolina [11.31e]. Only those codes approved by the FCC may be used. Any agency that desires to use a code not on the list of approved event codes must submit the proposed code to the SECC for approval. If the SECC agrees with the need for a new code the request will be sent to the FCC for approval by a consortium of the FCC, FEMA, and NWS officials. Once the code is approved it will be added to the “master list” of event codes. Eventually the FCC will update the Part 11 rules to include the new code.
3. Location Code
The location code (SSCCC) must be programmed by the alert originator each time an alert is issued.
EAS location codes are based on FIPS (Federal Information Processing System) codes [11.31c]. Each state has been assigned a number and each county in each state has been assigned a number. The combination of the state number and the county number gives each county in the entire country a unique identification number. The FIPS code for the State of North Carolina is 37. Table 5 gives some example EAS location codes for counties in North Carolina. FIPS codes for each North Carolina County are located in Appendix K. A map containing County FIPS codes can be found in Appendix L.
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Table 5. Example Location Codes
County Location Code Alamance 37001 Cherokee 37039 Halifax 37083 Madison 37115 Northampton 37131 Yadkin 37197
4. Duration Code
The duration code (TTTT) must be assigned by the alert originator any time an alert is sent. Valid durations can be entered in 15 minute segments for time periods of less than one hour, and in 30 minute segments for time periods exceeding an hour. Example duration codes are shown in Table 6 below.
Table 6. Example Duration Codes
Duration Code Duration 0015 Fifteen minutes 0030 Thirty minutes 0045 Forty-five minutes 0100 One hour 0230 Two hours thirty minutes
5. Date and Time of Day Code
The Date and Time of Day Code (JJJHHMM) is based on a Julian calendar and is sent automatically by the EAS encoder. The duration of the event is calculated as starting from this time. (Example: January 5, 2:15 p.m. would be stamped 0051415.)
6. Encoder Identifier Code
The Encoder Identifier Code (LLLLLLLL) identifies the broadcaster, cable operator, Weather Service office, civil authority or industrial plant that operated the encoder that transmitted or retransmitted the activation. The information is programmed into the encoder at initial setup and is automatically added to the EAS header by the encoder.
Table 7 lists the formats for the mandatory “L-Codes” for various organizations and agencies.
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Table 7. Encoder Identifier Code Formats
Activation Entity Identifier Code Example Broadcasters Station call letters. For two stations Single Station: WXXX (FM) give both stations’ call letters in Two Stations: WXXXWYYY sequence (as shown in example). For three or more stations, the call letters of one station is sufficient. Cable Television Six-digit FCC Cable ID Number 123456 Weather Service Use the station call sign (PXXX) PXXX/NWS Offices followed by /NWS Civil Authorities L-Codes for civil authorities will be North Carolina Division of constructed using the initials of the Emergency Management: NCEM civil agency. Military Groups As given in examples. Army: USARMY Navy: USNAVY Air Force: AIRFORCE Marine Corps: USMC Coast Guard: USCG B. Attention Signal
Following the header code, a two-tone attention signal may be used to alert listeners and viewers that an EAS activation has occurred and that an aural message will follow. The attention signal should be used if an aural message will be included as part of the alert. All NWS RWT and designated warnings will use the 1050HZ-tone alarm.
The two-tone attention signal must consist of the fundamental frequencies of 853 and 960 Hz transmitted simultaneously [11.31a2] and must be from 8 to 25 seconds in duration [11.31c]. When used, the attention signal must follow the EAS header and must precede an aural message. Use of the two-tone attention signal and an aural message will be determined by the originator of the alert; they are not required, but if one is used the other must accompany it. It is not required for state and local alerts [11.51b].
C. Aural Message
An EAS alert may also include an aural message. EAS decoders are required to have the capability to record and store at least two minutes of audio information [11.33a3i]. The originator may supply an aural message of up to, but not more than, ninety seconds in length. The aural message will be transmitted following the attention signal. Transmission of the aural message is not required for state and local alerts [11.51b].
D. End of Message
In addition, all EAS alerts will contain an end-of-message code burst to indicate the complete reception of the message [11.31c]. The end-of-message code burst is sent three times, as with the header code, to ensure proper reception by EAS decoders. The end of message character string is comprised of four ASCII “N” characters.
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E. Time-Duration and County-Location Codes to be used in Testing
The TIME DURATION used in the EAS header code for all EAS tests shall be 120 MINUTES.
COUNTY LOCATION codes used in the EAS header code for EAS tests shall conform to these guidelines:
• SRN Stations: All tests shall use the Location Code for the entire state (37000).
• PN Stations, NN Stations, and Cable Operators: The RMT shall be re- transmitted unchanged, except for the “L-Code”. Thus, RMTs will include all counties present in the original message. For the RWT performed every week by each PN and NN station, and each cable operator, the county- location code used shall be the county for the broadcaster or cable operator’s service area. Other counties in the station’s/system’s service area may be added at management discretion.
VIII. REQUIRED EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM TESTS
All broadcasters, subject cable operators, and the National Weather Service are required to transmit Required Weekly Tests (RWT) and Required Monthly Tests (RMT) with the following exceptions:
• LPTV stations that do not originate local programming and TV translators are not required to have EAS equipment.
A. Required Weekly Test
1. Transmission
All broadcasters, subject cable operators, and the National Weather Service must initiate a required weekly test (RWT) once a week at random days and times except for the week of the RMT test. The NCEOC and SHP will simultaneously transmit an RWT to each LP-1 and LP-2 on a staggered schedule each Wednesday. There are no time-of-day restrictions. This is a 10.5-second test, consisting only of the EAS Header and End-of-Message Codes.
Broadcast stations are encouraged to vary the broadcast of the RWT in an effort to expose all station operators both full time and part time to the procedures of conducting an EAS test.
2. Reception
All broadcasters and subject cable operators receiving a RWT from one of their monitored sources must log receipt of this test. No further action is required.
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Daytime only stations receiving an overnight RWT must log the test received in the appropriate manner the following morning.
B. Required Monthly Test
1. Transmission
Required monthly tests (RMTs) may be initiated by the State of North Carolina Division of Emergency Management, the NWS, the NC State Highway Patrol (NCSHP) and any LP-1 or LP-2 according to the schedule distributed by the State EAS Coordinator. Upon receipt of the test message, broadcasters and cable operators should react as described in "3. Reception and Re-transmission" below. These tests shall always use the Event Code “RMT”.
NWS or NCEM may conduct an annual statewide tornado drill during Severe Weather Awareness Week in late February or March. An RMT may be issued with the audio referring to the statewide tornado drill.
In months when a nuclear exercise is being conducted, the State EOC may conduct the RMT in conjunction with the nuclear plant exercise.
2. RMT Scheduling
A. TIME OF DAY Per guidance contained in 11.61 of CFR, the North Carolina, SECC has determined the required monthly tests be as follows: • Between local sunset and 8:30 am on even numbered months; and • Between 8:30 am and local sunset on odd numbered months. Exceptions may be made for RMTs conducted in conjunction with nuclear plant exercises or Severe Weather Awareness Week.
B. RECOMMENDED TIME CONSTRAINTS After considering the programming needs of broadcast, TV and cable operations, the SECC, through the State EAS Coordinator, will publish a Required Monthly Test (RMT) schedule in the fall of the preceding year.
3. Reception and Re-transmission
All broadcast stations and subject cable systems should retransmit the RMT exactly as received and must re-transmit this test within 60 minutes of receiving it [11.61 (1.v)]. For daytime-only stations receiving a night time RMT, this test must be re-transmitted within 60 minutes of the station’s sign-on. Transmission of the RMT takes the place of the Required Weekly Test (RWT). Times should be logged for both the receipt and re-transmission of the RMT. Broadcast and cable management should impress upon their staff that re-transmission of this test is mandatory. Failing to retransmit the RMT within 60 minutes of its reception is a violation of FCC regulations.
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IX. STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM SCRIPTS AND FORMATS
A. Required Weekly Test
No script is used for the RWT. The entire test takes 10.5 seconds and should be formatted as follows: • One-second pause; • Send EAS header; • One-second pause; • 1050 hertz attention signal for 8 seconds (NWS only); • NWS Script (NWS only); • Send EAS end-of-message code; • One-second pause; and • Resume normal programming.
Though standard RWTs are not scripted, RWTs initiated by the National Weather Service (NWS) follow a NWS script.
B. Required Monthly Tests
Originators of the Required Monthly Tests shall use the following format. All other broadcasters and subject cable operators will receive the test in this format and must retransmit it within 60 minutes of receipt in the same format.
1. RMT Format and Script
• Send the EAS header code Use the “RMT” event code Use 120-minute duration • One second pause; • Send the two-tone attention signal for 8 seconds; • Transmit the following test script:
“This is a test of the North Carolina Emergency Alert System. This is only a test. Broadcasters in cooperation with local, state and national authorities have developed this system to provide the public with important emergency information, should the need arise. This concludes the monthly test of the North Carolina Emergency Alert System."
• One second pause; and • Send EAS end-of-message code.
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2. Optional Test Introduction and Wrap-ups
In addition to the required elements in the RMT format, broadcasters and cable systems may elect to add an optional introduction to the test and/or an optional test wrap-up. When a test is received, the station could run the optional introduction followed by a one-second pause, retransmit the RMT as outlined above, run the test wrap-up, and then return to regular programming.
The content of the introduction and wrap-up is entirely up to the broadcasters and subject cable operators.
An example of an optional test introduction is:
“This station, in cooperation with national, state, and local officials, participates in the Emergency Alert System. The following is an EAS test .”
An example of an optional test wrap-up is:
“For information regarding the Emergency Alert System, contact this station or your local emergency management organization .”
X. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
A. National Activation Procedures All National level activations will be issued from the White House and will be transmitted to the NC Primary Entry Point, WQDR-FM in Raleigh, NC. The message will be relayed to the State Relay stations for retransmission throughout the NC EAS Network. All EAS receivers are factory-programmed to handle National Emergency Action Notification (EAN). EAS messages with the EAN event code must be transmitted immediately [11.52 (2)]. Automatic interrupt of programming is required when facilities are unattended [11.52 (1)]. A broadcast source that has elected to become a Non-participating National must remove its signal from the air during a National activation. All other stations must carry the activation message. For additional information concerning National alert activation procedures see Appendix F.
B. State Activation Procedures At the direction of the Governor, the Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, the Director of the Emergency Management Division, the EM Duty Officer, the State EAS coordinator or a designee, the EM Communication Officer will develop the appropriate EAS message and format it into the EAS encoder/decoder for distribution statewide. All LP-1 and LP-2 will be alerted simultaneously through the EMnet System, and the message will then be relayed throughout the NC EAS network (see appendices C, D, and E). Civil Authorities (CIV) will be the originator code for State level activation.
In the event of a Child Abduction Emergency (CAE)—also known as an AMBER Alert—the NC Center for Missing Persons may request that NCEOC issue an AMBER Alert (see D below). The NCCMP, through consultation with the NCEOC
17 State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan – June 2005
Communications Officer, will determine whether the alert will be broadcast locally or statewide.
C. Local Area Activation Procedures In the event that a State, area, county or city emergency management official deems it necessary to disseminate emergency information to the general public for a localized life- threatening event or incident, that official should directly contact: a. the National Weather Service (NWS) office serving that area and request that NWS issue an EAS message over NOAA Weather Radio (NWR); or, b. the County Emergency Management Coordinator who will contact the State EOC and request the issuance of an EAS message; or, c. the local area LP-1 or LP-2 and request that an EAS alert (as a CEM) be issued.
The emergency management official should provide text information about the hazard and the appropriate response to the NWS office for immediate transmission. Local and County emergency management officials should contact their local NWS office to set up procedures to clarify and facilitate the process.
Alternatively, a local emergency management official may ask the County Emergency Management Coordinator (CEMC) or his designated representative to activate the EAS. The CEMC should fax text information concerning the hazard and the appropriate response to the State EOC for transmission through the EAS network.
In case of an event at a fixed nuclear facility, the CEMC will contact the State EOC by phone to inform them that a faxed message will follow. The SERT Leader or Division Duty Officer will validate the alert, and the message will be sent out under regular EAS protocols. The NWS will be notified in order that they might set off tone-alert radios.
D. NC Child Abduction Emergency Activation Procedures The State Emergency Communications Committee has approved the use of the EAS to transmit Child Abduction Emergency (CAE) alerts. Commonly known as AMBER Alerts, these messages must originate from local law enforcement units and channeled through the NC Center for Missing Persons (NCCMP). If the NCCMP primary origination site, the State Highway Patrol State Warning Point (SWP) is unable to originate transmission, NCCMP will request assistance from NCEOC in transmitting an AMBER Alert. The NCCMP will provide pertinent information to personnel at the State EOC who will then activate the Emergency Alert System via EMnet. If the EOC is incapable of initiating the alert, the NWS will be notified and will issue the CAE.
The message may require statewide distribution and a three-hour duration unless the NCCMP designates a more specific broadcast area or a shorter or longer duration. Follow-up CAE messages may be issued via EAS when significant additional information becomes available. No termination of event notice will be issued via the EAS, but the NCEOC will post a message on the EMnet Message Manager of each NC EAS network radio station.
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E. Weather-Related Emergency Alert System Activation Procedures The vast majority of weather-related EAS alerts are originated by the National Weather Service via the NOAA Weather Radio. These alerts are also disseminated via the NOAA Weather Wire Service (NWWS) and the AP teletype network. An EAS weather alert received via one of these teletypes shall constitute valid authorization for a broadcaster or cable operator to originate an EAS weather alert warning if that is the level of alert that has been declared by the National Weather Service. Although it is preferable to utilize NOAA Weather Radio, a local emergency management official may directly contact a local broadcaster and request the transmission of an EAS weather alert. The alert will be issued as a (CEM).
Local stations should carry or broadcast any information provided by the NWS concerning weather events. Each station's management makes the decision to activate for other weather warnings or watches. It should also be understood that nothing in this plan prohibits any station from initiating its own EAS announcement originating from observations of its own personnel.
XI. GUIDANCE FOR BROADCASTING EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ALERTS
National level alert messages must be carried by all radio and television stations and cable systems or that station or system must go off the air . Participation by broadcasters in local, state-level and national weather service activation is voluntary. If carried, the message must be carried in its entirety with no changes.
A. Radio Transmission of an EAS Alert
Radio stations shall fulfill the audio portion of an EAS activation by carrying the entire audio feed from their LP-1 or LP-2 station. Stations are strongly urged to place their EAS encoder/decoders in full automatic relay for incoming messages.
Daytime only stations receiving an activation message overnight must, upon arrival, immediately broadcast the alert if the time stamp for that emergency is still valid. If the time stamp for the issued warning or alert has expired, then the station need only note in their log that the message was received .
B. Telecasting an EAS Alert
Television stations shall fulfill the video portion of EAS activation by transmitting a visual message containing the Originator, Event, Location and the valid time period as contained in the EAS digital header signal of an EAS message. If the message is a video crawl, it shall be displayed at the top of the television screen or where it will not interfere with other visual messages. FCC 11.51(D).
Cable systems with 10,000 or more subscribers shall fulfill the video portion of an EAS activation by transmitting the visual EAS message on all channels. The visual message shall contain the Originator, Event, Location and the valid time period as contained in the EAS digital header signal of an EAS message. If the message is a video crawl, it shall
19 State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan – June 2005
be displayed at the top of the subscriber’s television screen or where it will not interfere with other visual messages. (FCC 11.51, G-3).
The State Emergency Communications Committee (SECC) recognizes many local Cable Television Franchise Authorities have agreements in place with local cable companies to provide audio over-rides or similar emergency alerting capabilities in addition to those required by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). This plan in no way prohibits any such agreements.
However, Local Franchise Authorities are strongly encouraged to utilize the EAS to disseminate emergency notifications by contacting their local Emergency Management office and requesting activation of the Emergency Alert System. By routing the emergency information through the local Emergency Management office, the maximum number of people, both cable and non-cable television customer, can be notified in the shortest possible time.
XII. GUIDANCE FOR ORIGINATORS OF EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM ALERTS
Only those entities specifically authorized by the applicable LAECC and/or the SECC shall input emergency messages into the EAS system. Those entities are listed in Appendix A.
A. Guidance for National Weather Service Personnel
NWS personnel issue weather and other EAS alerts via NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) using the NOAA-Specific Area Message Encoder (SAME)/EAS Codes. NWS procedures are followed concerning the transmission of SAME/EAS codes, the NWR 1050 Hz warning alarm, and reading of the weather or appropriate EAS script. The NWS serves as the back-up provider of EAS alerts and tests in North Carolina and will assume that responsibility at the request of designated EM officials.
B. Guidance for Emergency Management Personnel
The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is designed so that local EM officials may request alerts through either the State EOC or through their local NWS office. Statewide alerts may be generated by the NCEOC, NCSHP or NCCMP using EMnet or through activation of the EAS daisy-chain.
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GLOSSARY
Activation The initiation of the Emergency Alert System by transmission of the Emergency Alert System codes.
ASCII A standard set of text characters with numerical equivalents.
AMBER Alert Common term for a Child Abduction Emergency.
Attention Signal Eight seconds of two tones (853 and 960 Hz) used as an audio alert.
Authenticator Word Lists A list of words used to substantiate authenticity of transmitter and receiver. The list is furnished by NCEM to all LP-1 and LP-2 stations, the seven National Weather Service offices with warning responsibilities in North Carolina, all local emergency management offices and others designated to request activation.
Authorization Letter The official authorization letter, given by the FCC, for a broadcast station to go off the air during a national level activation of the Emergency Alert System.
Automatic Interruption The automatic encoding and transmission of Emergency Alert System codes for pre-selected events.
Certification An equipment authorization issued by the FCC based on representations and test data submitted by the applicant for equipment designated to be operated without individual license under Parts 15 and 18 of the rules.
Decoder (Emergency Alert System) An electronic device used by Emergency Alert System participants to receive alerts and to translate the Emergency Alert System codes into a visual message.
Emergency Action Notification (EAN) The message for national Emergency Alert System activation.
Emergency Action Termination (EAT) The message for national Emergency Alert System termination.
EMnet Communication system that serves as primary purveyor of NC EAS tests and alerts.
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Encoder (Emergency Alert System) An electronic device used by Emergency Alert System participants to originate Emergency Alert System alerts by creating the Emergency Alert System codes for transmission to other participants and the public.
Encoder (Two-Tone) A electronic device that produces the two-tone signal.
En/dec Box An electronic device capable of originating and receiving EAS alerts and translating EAS codes into a visual or audible message.
EOM (end-of-message) Code In ASCII form 'NNNN', this burst of data, sent three times, signifies the end of an Emergency Alert System message and Emergency Alert System activation.
Event Codes A three character ASCII code in the Emergency Alert System headers that denotes the type or cause of emergency event.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) One of the three federal agencies that administer the Emergency Alert System.
Federal Information Processing System Number (FIPS) A five character ASCII code in the Emergency Alert System headers that represent those counties affected by an Emergency Alert System activation, as defined by the Federal Information Processing System that assigns each state and territory with their respective counties a five digit number.
Header Signal A single string of intelligent digital Emergency Alert System ASCII data that includes the originator, event, location, time period, and other basic information concerning an emergency.
Key Source A source which is central to the dissemination of emergency alerts and information, such as National Primary, State Primary, State Relay or Local Primary broadcast stations or cable systems.
Local Primary (LP) A source within an Emergency Alert System Local Area that is the primary source of Emergency Alert System programming for that area.
Location Code An ASCII code in an Emergency Alert System header that specifies the location of an emergency utilizing the five character Federal Information Processing System (FIPS) code of a state and county, and a sixth character to designate nine divisions of a county.
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Monitoring Assignment The off-air broadcast or cable sources of Emergency Alert System activations and programming as given in the FCC Mapbook and the state plan.
National Information Center (NIC) A source of official federal government information.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) One of the three federal agencies that participate in Emergency Alert System.
National Originator Codes Originator codes required by the FCC.
National Periodic Test (NPT) A test of National Primary Emergency Alert System sources.
National Primary (NP) A primary source of Presidential or other national Emergency Alert System activations and programming, including broadcast stations involved with the PEP system and EAN Networks.
National Weather Service (NWS) An operation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration directly responsible for issuing local weather-related emergency alerts and warnings in addition to day-to-day forecasts and other weather activities. Upon request by a local authority, the NWS will disseminate civil emergency messages.
NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) A service of the National Weather Service that provides to a local area continuous broadcasts of the latest weather information, weather-related emergency warnings and civil emergency EAS messages using one of seven VHF radio channels.
Non-participating National (NPN) An Emergency Alert System source (usually a broadcast station) that has elected not to participate in the National-level Emergency Alert System and removes its carrier from the air if a national-level activation occurs.
Operating Handbook A document issued by the FCC that instructs broadcast station and cable personnel of the actions they must take during an activation of Emergency Alert System.
Participating National (PN) Broadcast stations, cable systems, or MDS stations which monitor primary sources of Emergency Alert System programming and directly feed emergency alerts to the public.
Preselected Code Broadcast stations, cable systems, or MDS stations which monitor primary sources of Emergency Alert System programming and directly feed emergency alerts to the public.
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Primary Entry Point (PEP ) Key broadcast stations throughout the U.S. that together can provide national emergency information.
Protocol A standard set of guidelines by which digital information encoded and decoded, including the common code structure, character set used, the sequence and timing of codes, and modulation technique used for radio transmission.
Program Priorities The precedence of the information that must be transmitted during an Emergency Alert System activation, namely national, local, and state activations in that order.
Required Monthly Test (RMT) A coordinated monthly test of Emergency Alert System operations involving the full receiving and transmission of Emergency Alert System codes, Attention Signal, Emergency Alert System test programming, and Emergency Alert System end-of-message (EOM) codes.
Required Weekly Test (RWT) An independent weekly test of Emergency Alert System equipment only involving the decoding and encoding of Emergency Alert System header codes and end-of-message (EOM) codes.
State/Local Plan A document that details monitoring assignments and actions to be taken in emergency activations, and other guidance for broadcasters and cable personnel in use of the Emergency Alert System. Each locality is responsible for maintaining a current local plan.
State Primary (SP) A primary source of Emergency Alert System state programming which can originate with a Governor or designated representative, such as a state’s emergency operations officer.
State Relay (SR) An entity which receives and retransmits Emergency Alert System activations in a State Relay Network to assist in bringing a state activation to all Emergency Alert System Local Area of a state.
SR-3 Station Additional FM radio stations added to LP-1 and LP-2 distribution system to offer redundant relay points in daisy-chain.
State Relay Network A system of facilities used to distribute State Emergency Alert System activations and programming across a state.
Weather Radio Specific Area Message Encoder ( WRSAME) A device used by National Weather Service to broadcast WRSAME data on the National Weather Radio for day-to-day forecasts and weather related emergency announcements.
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ACRONYMS C CAE -- Child Abduction Emergency CFR -- Code of Federal Regulations CEM -- Civil Emergency Message CEMC -- County Emergency Management Coordinator CIV -- Civil Authorities CPG -- Civil Preparedness Guides
D DMA -- Designated Market Area DMIS -- Disaster Management Interoperability Service
E EAN -- Emergency Action Notification. EAS -- Emergency Alert System EAS-AP -- EAS Activation Point EMnet -- Emergency Management Network EAT -- Emergency Action Termination. ENDEC -- Encoder/decoder EOC -- Emergency Operations Center EOM -- End-of-message
F FEMA -- Federal Emergency Management Agency FCC -- Federal Communication Commission FIPS -- Federal Information Processing System Codes FNF -- Fixed Nuclear Facility L LAECC -- Local Area Emergency Communications Committees LPTV -- Low power TV LP1 -- Local Primary 1 (lead station) LP2 -- Local Primary 2 (back-up station)
N NCCMP -- North Carolina Center for Missing Persons NCEOC -- North Carolina Emergency Operations Center NC SECC -- North Carolina State Emergency Communications Committee NCEM -- North Carolina Emergency Management NCSHP -- North Carolina State Highway Patrol NIC -- National Information Center NN -- Non-participating National NOAA -- National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration NP -- National Primary NPT -- National Periodic Test NWR -- NOAA Weather Radio NWS -- National Weather Service
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P PEP -- Primary Entry Point stations. PN -- Participating National R RMT -- Required Monthly Test RWT -- Required Weekly Test S SAME -- Specific Area Message Encoder SECC -- State Emergency Communications Committee SP1 -- State Primary 1 SP2 -- State Primary 2. Backup to SP1. SR -- State Relay Station SRN -- State Relay Network SWP -- State Warning Point
W WHCA -- White House Communication Agency WRSAME -- Weather Radio Specific Area Message Encoder
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A Roster of Entities Authorized to Activate the Emergency Alert System
• Governor, State of North Carolina
• Secretary, Crime Control & Public Safety
• Director, State of North Carolina Division of Emergency Management
• State Emergency Response Team Leader
• NC Emergency Management Duty Officer
• Senior NCEM Communications Officer on duty
• National Weather Service representative
• The Director of NC Center for Missing Persons or designated representative
• State Emergency Communication Committee members
• An EM county coordinator or local government authority may contact the local National Weather Service office and request NWS to issue a Civil Emergency Message over NOAA Weather Radio
• An EM county coordinator may initiate an EAS message, or relay a request from a county manager or local emergency worker, by notifying the State EOC via fax.
• An EM county coordinator or local government authority may contact the local area LP-1 or LP-2 and request issuance of a CEM.
• A local broadcast station may initiate an EAS announcement based on observations of its own personnel
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APPENDIX B State of North Carolina Emergency Communications Committee
NORTH CAROLINA STATE EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE (SECC )
The State Emergency Communications Committee Chairman and Co-Chairmen for radio, television, cable and utility are appointed by the Federal Communications Commission. The chairman and co-chairman of the ten Local Area Emergency Communications Committees and other voluntary members appointed by the SECC Chairman are also members of the SECC.
Chairman Utility Co-Chairman Cable Co-Chairman Mr. Carl Venters Mr. Rick Wallace Mr. Mark Eagle 148 Edgewater Lane BellSouth AOL / Time Warner Wilmington, N.C.28403 5715 Glenwood Ave 101 Innovation Avenue 910-256-6765 Raleigh, N.C. 27612 Morrisville, N.C. 27560 [email protected] 919-783-1292 919-573-7083 [email protected] [email protected]
Radio Co-Chairman TV Co-Chairman Mr. Keith Harrison Mr. Jim Gamble WRAL-FM WRAZ-TV PO Box 10100 P.O. Box 30050 Raleigh, N.C. 27605 Durham, N.C. 27702 919-890-6110 919-595-5050 [email protected] [email protected]
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LOCAL AREA EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE (LAECC) The Local Area Emergency Communications Committee (LAECC) Chair and Co-Chair are appointed by the FCC. Members are appointed to the LAECC by the Area Chairman. The LAECC's are subcommittees of the SECC. The LAECC Chairman and Co-Chairman for the ten Local Areas in North Carolina are as follows:
ASHEVILLE LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Tom Atema Art Leisey WMIT-FM 888-344-3406 P.O. Box 159 Black Mountain, N.C. 28711 828-669-8477 [email protected]
CHARLOTTE LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Ron Tollison Ron Wright WLNK-FM Time Warner One Julian Price Place [email protected] Charlotte, N.C. 28208 704-374-3521 [email protected]
COLUMBIA LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Vacant Mr. Gene Lewis Sprint Telephone P.O. Box 829 Williamston, N.C. 27892 252-792-9058 [email protected]
FAYETTEVILLE LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Tom Haymond Mr. Peter O’Toole WQSM-FM Sprint Telephone P.O. Box 35297 717 McGilvary Street Fayetteville, N.C. 28303 Fayetteville, N.C. 28301 910-864-5222 910-323-9031 [email protected] peter.m.o’[email protected]
GOLDSBORO LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Fred Pace Mr. Dan Herring WRDU-FM Sprint Telephone 3100 Smoketree Court 3930 Sunset Avenue Raleigh, N.C. 27604 Rocky Mount, N.C. 27804 919-874-9863 252-977-9008 [email protected] [email protected]
30 State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan – June 2005
RALEIGH LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Paul Michels Mr. Eric Sommer Curtis Media BellSouth 3012 Highwoods Blvd. 5215 Glenwood Avenue Raleigh, N.C. 27604 Raleigh, N.C. 27612 919-876-674 919-785-7704 [email protected] [email protected]
STATESVILLE LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Dave Kester Vacant WFMX-FM 1117 Radio Road Statesville, N.C. 28677 336-333-3205 [email protected]
TRIAD LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Byron Tucker Vacant WZTK-FM 1109 Tower Dr. Burlington, N.C. 27215 336-584-0126 [email protected]
WASHINGTON LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Vacant Mr. Gene Lewis Sprint Telephone P.O. Box 829 Williamston, N.C. 27892 252-792-9058 [email protected]
WILMINGTON LOCAL AREA Chairman Co-Chairman Mr. Jim Principi Mr. Eric Sommer WMNX-FM Bell South P.O. Box 5307 5215 Glenwood Avenue Wilmington, N.C. 28403 Raleigh, N.C. 27612 910-763-9977 919-785-7704 [email protected] [email protected]
MEMBER AT LARGE MEMBER AT LARGE Jeff Orrock Mr. Gary Faltinowski National Weather Service Assistant Director 105 Capability Drive NC Emergency Management Raleigh, N.C. 27606 4713 Mail Service Center 919-515-8209 ext: 223 Raleigh, NC 27699-4713 [email protected] [email protected]
31 State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
Appendix C State of North Carolina Emergency Alert Relay System
WZTK-FM - 101.1 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WRDU-FM - 106.1 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WTQR-FM - 104.1 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) WYMY-FM - 96.9 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) Burlington - Winston-Salem Wilson - Goldsboro
WFMX-FM - 105.7 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WQDR-FM - 94.7 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WRSF-FM - 105.7 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WKBC-FM - 97.3 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) WDCG-FM - 105.1 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) WERX-FM - 102.5 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) Statesville - N. Wilkesboro Raleigh - Durham Columbia Alleghany C Northampton u Ashe Surry Gates C rr i Stokes Rockingham Caswell Person Vance P am t u Granville Warren as d ck Hertford P qu e n er ot a Watauga Forsyth Halifax qu n WMIT-FM - 106.9 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) Wilkes Orange i m k Yadkin C an WKSF-FM - 99.9 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) Bertie ho s M Guilford Franklin w i Avery Alamance Durham an Black Mountain - Asheville t c h e Caldwell Alexander Iredell Davie Nash Yancey ll Edgecombe Madison Martin Washington Davidson Wake Dare Burke Tyrrell Randolph Chatham McDowell Catawba Wilson Beaufort Haywood Buncombe Rowan Pitt Hyde Swain Lincoln Lee Johnston Ruther ford Greene Henderson Cabarrus Graham Moore Harnett Jackson Polk Gaston Stanly Wayne a Cleveland Montgomery ani Lenoir Craven Macon ylv Mecklenburg Cherokee ns Tr a Pamlico Clay Sampson Richmond Hoke Union Anson Cumberland Jones WLNK-FM - 107.9 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) Duplin Sc otland WSOC-FM - 103.7 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) Onslow Carteret Charlotte Robeson Bladen Pender WQSM-FM - 98.1 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WERO-FM - 93.3 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) WKML-FM - 95.7 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) WRNS-FM - 95.1 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) New Washington - Kinston Fayetteville - Lumberton Columbus Hanover WMNX-FM - 97.3 MHz (SR-1/LP-1) Brunswick WILT-FM - 98.7 MHz (SR-2/LP-2) Colors represent Local Areas SR-3 Stations Wilmington - Jacksonville
SR-1 (State Relay - 1) WRAL-FM 101.5 Raleigh SR-2 (State Relay – 2 WKRR-FM 92.3 Asheboro WIBT- FM 96.1 Shelby LP-1) (Local Primary - 1) WMGV-FM 103.3 Newport LP-2 (Local Primary - 2)
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX D Emergency Alert System “Daisy Chain” Network
WQDR-FM (Raleigh) is the EAS State Primary (SP-1), and WDCG-FM (Durham) is the EAS State Primary-2 (SP-2). WQDR-FM (94.7) and WDCG-FM (105.1) serve as the LP-1 and LP-2 respectively for the Raleigh Local Area. State relay stations are FCC Class C-1 or better licensees. SR-3 stations were established to offer redundant relay points within the EAS distribution network.
In the over the air, "daisy chain" network, when WQDR-FM originates a statewide EAS message, the outbound pattern for the LP-1-Network is:
WQDR-FM alerts: WERO-FM (93.3), Washington Local Area WRDU-FM (106.1), Goldsboro Local Area WQSM-FM (98.1), Fayetteville Local Area WZTK-FM (101.1), Triad Local Area In turn: WERO-FM alerts WRSF-FM (105.7), Columbia Local Area WERO-FM alerts WMNX-FM (97.3), Wilmington Local Area WZTK-FM alerts WTQR-FM (104.1), Triad Local Area WTQR-FM alerts WLNK-FM (107.9), Charlotte Local Area WLNK-FM alerts WMIT-FM (106.9), Asheville Local Area WLNK-FM alerts WFMX-FM (105.7), Statesville Local Area
When WDCG-FM originates a statewide EAS message, the outbound pattern for the LP-2 Network is:
WDCG-FM alerts: WYMY-FM (96.9), Goldsboro Local Area WKML-FM (95.7), Fayetteville Local Area WTQR-FM (104.1), Triad Local Area In turn: WYMY-FM alerts: WRNS-FM (95.1), Washington Local Area WRNS-FM alerts WERX-FM (102.5), Columbia Local Area WRNS-FM alerts WILT-FM (98.7), Wilmington Local Area WTQR-FM alerts WSOC-FM (103.7), Charlotte Local Area WTQR-FM alerts WKBC-FM (97.3), Statesville Local Area WSOC-FM alerts WKSF-FM (99.9), Asheville Local Area
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX E EAS Monitoring Assignments by Local Area
MONITORING ASSIGNMENTS BY LOCAL AREA This section specifies the required LP1 and LP2 monitor assignments in each local area and the counties in those areas. Additionally, the National Weather Service monitor assignments are listed with preferred and optional choices. The SR-3 stations form a voluntary network to support the existing LP-1s & LP-2s as additional relays. The LP-1s and LP-2s are requested to add a monitor to their system beyond the assignments detailed below. The additional monitor should be an SR-3, or an adjacent area LP in the absence of a useable SR signal. Choice of monitor is at the LP’s discretion.
SR-3 stations in the network: WIBT-FM, (96.1) Shelby WMGV-FM, (103.3) Newport WKRR-FM, (92.3) Asheboro WRAL-FM, (101.5) Raleigh
ASHEVILLE LOCAL AREA WMIT-FM 106.9 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WLNK-FM, WKSF-FM, EMnet, WXL-56 162.400 MHz (Asheville) WKSF-FM 99.9 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WMIT-FM, WSOC-FM, EMnet, WWG-82 162.525 MHz (Joanne Bald Mt.) National Weather Service: WXL-56 162.400 MHz, WWG-82 162.525 MHz, (WNG-52 162.550 MHz) All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania and Yancey, which compose the Asheville Local Area, will monitor WMIT-FM, WKSF-FM and NWS Radio for this area.
CHARLOTTE LOCAL AREA WLNK-FM 107.9 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WTQR-FM, WSOC-FM, EMnet, WXL-70 162.475 MHz (Charlotte) WSOC-FM 103.7 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WLNK-FM, WTQR-FM, EMnet, WXL-70 162.475 MHz (Charlotte) National Weather Service: WXL-70 162.475 MHz, (WWF-60 162.500 MHz, WNG-597 162.400 MHz) All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Anson, Cabarrus, Catawba, Cleveland, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Richmond, Stanly and Union, which compose the Charlotte Local Area, will monitor WLNK-FM, WSOC-FM and NWS Radio for this area.
COLUMBIA LOCAL AREA WRSF-FM 105.7 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WERO-FM, WERX-FM, EMnet, WWH-26 162.425 MHz (Mamie) WERX-FM 102.5 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WRSF-FM, WRNS-FM, EMnet, WNG-537 162.525 MHz (Windsor) National Weather Service: WWH-26 162.425 MHz, WNG-537 162.525 MHz All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Bertie, Camden, Chowan, Currituck, Dare, Gates, Hertford, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell and Washington, which compose the Columbia Local Area, will
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005 monitor WRSF-FM, WERX-FM and NWS Radio for this area. FAYETTEVILLE LOCAL AREA WQSM-FM 98.1 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WQDR-FM, WKML-FM, EMnet, WXL-50 162.475 MHz (Fayetteville) WKML-FM 95.7 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WQSM-FM, WDCG-FM, EMnet, WXL-50 162.475 MHz (Fayetteville) National Weather Service: WXL-50 162.475 MHz, (WWF-89 162.525 MHz, KXI-95 162.425 MHz) All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Scotland, Robeson, Bladen, Hoke, Sampson, Duplin and Cumberland, which compose the Fayetteville Local Area, will monitor WQSM-FM, WKML-FM and NWS Radio for this area.
GOLDSBORO LOCAL AREA WRDU-FM 106.1 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WQDR-FM, WYMY-FM, EMnet, WXI-72 162.450 MHz (Garner) WYMY-FM 96.9 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WRDU-FM, WDCG-FM, EMnet, WXI-72 162.450 MHz (Garner) National Weather Service: WXI-72 162.450 MHz, (WXL-59 162.475 MHz) All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Wilson, Nash, Edgecombe, Halifax, Northampton and Wayne, which compose the Goldsboro Local Area, will monitor WRDU-FM, WYMY-FM, and NWS Radio for this area. RALEIGH LOCAL AREA WQDR-FM 94.7 (SP-1/LP-1) monitors: WDCG-FM, WZTK-FM, EMnet, WXL-58 162.550 MHz (Chapel Hill) WDCG-FM 105.1 (SP-2/LP-2) monitors: WQDR-FM, WTQR-FM, EMnet, WXL-58 162.550 MHz (Chapel Hill) National Weather Service: WXL-58 162.550 MHz, (WNG-586 162.500 MHz, WXI-72 162.450) All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Chatham, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Harnett, Johnston, Lee, Moore, Orange, Person, Vance, Wake and Warren, which compose the Raleigh Local Area, will monitor WQDR-FM, WDCG-FM, and NWS Radio for this area.
STATESVILLE LOCAL AREA WFMX-FM 105.7 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WLNK-FM, WKBC-FM, EMnet, WXL-42 162.400 MHz (Winston-Salem) WKBC-FM 97.3 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WFMX-FM, WTQR-FM, EMnet, WNG-587 162.525 MHz (Mt. Jefferson) National Weather Service: WXL-42 162.400 MHz, WNG-587 162.525 MHz All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Caldwell, Davie, Iredell, Rowan, Watauga, and Wilkes, which compose the Statesville Local Area, will monitor WFMX-FM, WKBC- FM and NWS Radio for this area.
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
TRIAD LOCAL AREA WZTK-FM 101.1 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WQDR-FM, WTQR-FM, EMnet, WXL-42 162.400 MHz (Winston-Salem) WTQR-FM 104.1 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WZTK-FM, WFMX-FM, EMnet, WXL-42 162.400 MHz (Winston-Salem) National Weather Service: WXL-42 162.400 MHz All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Alamance, Caswell, Randolph, Guilford, Rockingham, Stokes, Forsyth, Davidson, Yadkin, and Surry, which compose the Triad Local Area, will monitor WZTK- FM, WTQR-FM, and NWS Radio for this area.
WASHINGTON LOCAL AREA WERO-FM 93.3 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WQDR-FM, WRNS-FM, EMnet, KEC-84 162.400 MHz (New Bern) WRNS-FM 95.1 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WERO-FM, WYMY-FM, EMnet, KEC-84 162.400 MHz (New Bern) National Weather Service: KEC-84 162.400 MHz, (KEG-77 162.475) All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Martin, Beaufort, Pitt, Greene, Lenoir, Jones, Carteret, Craven, Pamlico, and Hyde, which compose the Washington Local Area, will monitor WERO-FM, WRNS- FM, and NWS Radio for this area.
WILMINGTON LOCAL AREA WMNX-FM 97.3 (SR-1/LP-1) monitors: WERO-FM, WILT-FM, EMnet, KHB-31 162.550 MHz (Wilmington) WILT-FM 98.7 (SR-2/LP-2) monitors: WMNX-FM, WRNS-FM, EMnet, KHB-31 162.550 MHz (Wilmington) National Weather Service: KHB-31 162.550 MHz All radio and television stations with city of license and cable operators with their franchise agreements in the counties of Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Pender and Onslow, which compose the Wilmington Local Area, will monitor WMNX-FM, WILT-FM and NWS Radio for this area.
The Plan's monitor assignments are based on a station's City of License and attendant transmitter location within an Operational Area. When a station relocates its studios, the monitor assignments remain the same and the station is expected to continue to monitor these assignments. If the studios are moved into an Operational Area different than the Area of its City of License, the station may, additionally, monitor LPs for the new Operational Area.
Similarly, cable companies must monitor the assigned stations for the respective counties of the viewers they serve.
Detailed NOAA Weather coverage can be found in Appendices G & H and on the internet at http://www.erh.noaa.gov/rah/ncnwr/
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX F National-level Emergency Alert System
I. GENERAL
This Appendix provides background information on the national level of the Emergency Alert System (EAS). Participants in the State and local EAS planning should be aware of this information to understand how their organization level contributes to the nationwide system, and how their operations could be impacted by a nationwide activation.
II. NATIONAL LEVEL EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The President requires a reliable means for communicating with the American public on short notice during periods of national crisis or major emergency to provide reassurance and direction regarding response and recovery. The President must be able to address the nation on AM and FM radio, as well as television and cable television audio, within ten minutes of an activation notice. In addition, the President must be able to address the nation on live television, audio and video, upon arrival at a designated television studio. This capability must exist under a variety of conditions, i.e., before, during, and after the situation or attack. Once activated, the national-level EAS remains available for the dissemination of high priority national programming. These capabilities must also be available to any Presidential successors.
III. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
When activated, the national-level EAS consists of a nationwide network of voluntary communications entities. The system is designed to maintain communications with the general public in the event of an attack, a threat of war, a state of public peril, disaster, or other national emergency. Each EAS source assumes the responsibility for serving a specifically designated area known in the EAS as a Local Area. Serving the Local Area involves disseminating local area instructions, news and information, Presidential messages, Governors’ messages, State information, national programming and news.
IV. ACTIVATION AUTHORITY
The authority to activate the national-level EAS rests solely with the President of the United States. The following sequence activates the national-level EAS.
A. Presidential Decision
A Presidential Decision to activate the EAS is made, and then passed to the White House Communications Agency (WHCA) for implementation.
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
B. The White House Communications Agency Contacts the Federal Emergency Emergency Management Agency
The White House Communication Agency (WHCA) will contact the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with EAS implementation instructions.
C. The Federal Emergency Management Agency Relays the Order
FEMA, using a network, relays the Emergency Action Notice (EAN) order information to the communications industry.
1. Communications Entities
FEMA transmits the EAN to the National Primary (NP) broadcast entities using the EAS system. The NP in North Carolina is WQDR-FM (94.7) in Raleigh.
2. Relay
The EAN is relayed from the PEP stations to the State EAS Network control points and then to all stations and cable systems.
V. PROGRAMMING
Voice circuits are in place for EAS programming at all times and can be originated at FEMA.
VI. TERMINATION
At the conclusion of an incident when the national-level EAS is no longer needed, a termination order is issued. At the conclusion of the EAS program, the WHCA Trip Officer issues a termination order over the program circuitry. FEMA then transmits an Emergency Action Termination (EAT) message. The termination order is then relayed along the EAS network to all EAS participants.
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX G National Weather Service Forecast Area Map
National Weather Service Forecast Areas
C Alleghany urri Northampton Ca t Ashe Surry Gates P u Caswell Person a m ck Stokes Rockingham Vance s den Warren P qu Granville Hertford er o qu ta Watauga im nk Wilkes Halifax C a Yadkin h ns Forsyth ow M Bertie a i n tc Avery Guilford Alamance Orange h Franklin e ll Caldwell Alexander Davie Durham Yancey Nash Madison Edgecombe Martin Washington Iredell Davidson Wake Tyrell Dare Burke Randolph Chatham McDowell Catawba Wilson Haywood Buncombe Rowan Pitt Beaufort Hyde Swain Lincoln Rutherford Lee Johnston Greene Henderson Cabarrus Graham Moore Jackson Polk Gaston Stanly Harnett Cleveland Montgomery Wayne nia Macon lva Mecklenburg Lenoir Cherokee sy Craven ran Clay T Cumberland Pamlico Richmond Sampson Union Anson Hoke Jones Scotland Duplin Onslow Carteret Robeson Bladen Pender
New Columbus Hanover
Brunswick NWSO Morristown, TN NWSO Greer, SC NWSO Wilmington, NC NWSO Blacksburg, VA NWSO Newport, NC NWSO Raleigh, NC NWSO Wakefield, VA
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX H NWR Station Locations and Radio Frequencies
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005 APPENDIX I EMnet Message Distribution System
KuKu BandBand SatelliteSatellite RepeaterRepeater INCIDENTINCIDENT
LocalLocal EmergencyEmergency SATELLITE SECONDARY ROUTE ManagementManagement OfficialOfficial TCP/IP encrypted
Receive Only
StateState EOCEOC TenTen TenTen EM/NetEM/Net EASEAS LP-1sLP-1s LP-2sLP-2s
LANDLINE NCSHP Troop C PRIMARY ROUTE NCSHP Troop C ComlabsComlabs Server Server FirstFirst BackupBackup TCP/IP encrypted
NCCMPNCCMP SecondSecond BackupBackup
1) State EOC will normally originate an EAS message. NC State Highway Patrol & NC Center For Missing Persons are backup transmitter sites. 2) Comlabs server verifies valid originator and then uplinks to Ku Band Satellite Repeater. 3) Satellite transmits message to all 20 LP-1 and LP-2 stations simultaneously. The message will be distributed and retransmitted according to relevant FIPS codes. 4) If the State EOC requests a receipt for a transmitted alert or test, the EMnet unit for the LP-1 and LP-2 stations will automatically report receipt of the message. 5) Every radio and TV station and cable system in the state must monitor an area LP-1 and LP-2 station. 6) In AMBER Alert situations, a local law enforcement official will report the incident to NCCMP who will then notify NCEOC. 7) Comlabs server receives message via TCP/IP internet connection. If internet connection is unavailable, message will be directed to satellite for relay to Comlabs Server.
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX J Emergency Alert System Event Codes
Table 8. National Event Codes Nature of Activation Event Codes *Emergency Action Notification EAN (National Only) *Emergency Action Termination EAT (National Only) *National Information Center NIC *National Periodic Test NPT *Required Monthly Test RMT *Required Weekly Test RWT
Table 9. Local Event Codes Nature of Activation Event Codes Administrative Message ADR Blizzard Warning BZW *Child Abduction Emergency CAE *Civil Emergency Message CEM Coastal Flood Warning CFW *Evacuation Immediate EVI *Flash Flood Warning FFW Flash Flood Watch FFA Flood Warning FLW Flood Watch FLA *High Wind Warning HWW Hurricane Statement HLS Hurricane Warning HUW Hurricane Watch HUA *Nuclear Power Plant Warning NUW *Practice/Demo Warning DMO Severe Thunderstorm Warning SVR Severe Thunderstorm Watch SVA *Tornado Warning TOR *Tornado Watch TOA Tsunami Warning TSW Winter Storm Warning WSW NOTE: By NWS definition, CFW, HUW, & TSW Codes in BOLD with an * are required to be codes apply to coastal and sound counties and should programmed into your EAS encoder/decoder be programmed in endecs of stations serving the coast. statewide.
APPENDIX K
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
Federal Information Processing System (FIPS) Codes
FIPS CODES
STATE NAME: North Carolina STATE CODE: 37 ALPHABETIC CODE: NC
001 Alamance 003 Alexander 005 Alleghany 007 Anson 009 Ashe 011 Avery 013 Beaufort 015 Bertie 017 Bladen 019 Brunswick 021 Buncombe 023 Burke 025 Cabarrus 027 Caldwell 029 Camden 031 Carteret 033 Caswell 035 Catawba 037 Chatham 039 Cherokee 041 Chowan 043 Clay 045 Cleveland 047 Columbus 049 Craven 051 Cumberland 053 Currituck 055 Dare 057 Davidson 059 Davie 061 Duplin 063 Durham 065 Edgecombe 067 Forsyth 069 Franklin 071 Gaston 073 Gates 075 Graham 077 Granville 079 Greene 081 Guilford 083 Halifax 085 Harnett 087 Haywood 089 Henderson 091 Hertford 093 Hoke 095 Hyde 097 Iredell 099 Jackson 101 Johnston 103 Jones 105 Lee 107 Lenoir 109 Lincoln 111 McDowell 113 Macon 115 Madison 117 Martin 119 Mecklenburg 121 Mitchell 123 Montgomery 125 Moore 127 Nash 129 New Hanover 131 Northampton 133 Onslow 135 Orange 137 Pamlico 139 Pasquotank 141 Pender 143 Perquimans 145 Person 147 Pitt 149 Polk 151 Randolph 153 Richmond 155 Robeson 157 Rockingham 159 Rowan 161 Rutherford 163 Sampson 165 Scotland 167 Stanly 169 Stokes 171 Surry 173 Swain 175 Transylvania 177 Tyrrell 179 Union 181 Vance 183 Wake 185 Warren 187 Washington 189 Watauga 191 Wayne 193 Wilkes 195 Wilson 197 Yadkin 199 Yancey
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State of North Carolina Emergency Alert System Plan -- January 2005
APPENDIX L County Federal Information Processing Systems Codes
County FIPSCodes
37005 37009 Alleghany Gates 37171 37169 37157 37033 37145 37185 Northampton 37073 Currituck Ashe Surry Stokes 37181 37131 Hertford Camden 37053 Rockingham Caswell Person 37077 Vance Warren 37091 37029 37189 Granville Halifax 37139 Watauga Wilkes 37197 37083 37041 37143 Pasquotank 37193 37067 Avery Yadkin Forsyth 37081 37135 Bertie Perquimans Mitchell 37011 37063 37027 37003 Guilford 37001 Orange Franklin 37015 Chowan 37121 Caldwell 37059 Durham 37069 Nash 37065 Madison Yancey Alexander Davie Alamance 37127 Tyrrell 37115 37199 Edgecombe 37187 37177 37023 37097 Martin Washington 37111 37035 Iredell Davidson 37151 Wake 37195 37117 37021 Burke 37159 37057 37037 37183 37055 Haywood McDowell Catawba Randolph Chatham Wilson Dare 37173 37087 Buncombe Rowan 37147 Swain 37109 Pitt Beaufort 37075 Rutherford Lincoln 37105 Johnston 37079 37013 Graham 37089 37161 37025 Lee 37101 Greene Hyde Jackson Polk Cleveland 37071 Cabarrus Moore Harnett Wayne 37095 37113 37099 Henderson 37045 37119 Stanly3 Montgomery 37085 37039 37175 37149 Gaston Mecklenburg 7167 37123 37125 37191 Lenoir Cherokee 37043 Macon 37107 Craven Transylvania 37049 37137 Clay Cumberland Pamlico 37179 Richmond 37051 Jones Union 37007 37153 Hoke Sampson 37061 37103 37031 Anson 37093 37163 Duplin Carteret Scotland 37165 Bladen Onslow Robeson 37017 37133 37155 Pender 37141
Columbus 37047 New Hanover N Brunswick 37129 37019
0 60 120 Miles
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