Estudos Linguísticos E Literários
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE COMUNICAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM INGLÊS: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS Janaina Mirian Rosa “I doubt some foul play”: A Contextual Analysis of Four Political Productions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet FLORIANÓPOLIS 2019 Janaina Mirian Rosa “I doubt some foul play”: A Contextual Analysis of Four Political Productions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Roberto Basto O’Shea Florianópolis 2019 Janaina Mirian Rosa “I doubt some foul play”: A Contextual Analysis of Four Political Productions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet O presente trabalho em nível de doutorado foi avaliado e aprovado por banca examinadora composta pelos seguintes membros: Prof. Dr. José Roberto Basto O’Shea (Orientador e Presidente) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Profª. Drª. Maria Lúcia Milléo Martins Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Profª. Drª. Beatriz Kopschitz Xavier Bastos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Profª. Drª. Anna Stegh Camati UNIANDRADE Certificamos que esta é a versão original e final do trabalho de conclusão que foi julgado adequado para obtenção do título de Doutora em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, na área de concentração Estudos Literários e Culturais. ____________________________ Profª. Drª. Rosane Silveira Coordenadora do Programa ____________________________ Prof. Dr. José Roberto Basto O’Shea Orientador Florianópolis, 28 de agosto de 2019. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Therefore, I would first like to thank CAPES for such a crucial financial support. I am also thankful to my supervisor Professor José Roberto O’Shea for the invaluable encouragement and inspiration throughout the years dedicated to this research. His confident guidance since my undergraduate days and as my supervisor of both MA and PhD researches at PGI/UFSC has undoubtedly provided me with the appropriate tools to pursue my academic goals. My thanks to Professors Beatriz Kopschitz Bastos, Maria Lúcia Milléo Martins, and Cláudia Junqueira de Lima Costa for the inestimable knowledge and dedication demonstrated during the courses at PGI/UFSC, as well as for being part of my defense committee. I would also like to thank Professor Anna Stegh Camati from UNIANDRADE who kindly accepted the invitation to be part of the defense committee. Special thanks to Professor Michael Dobson at the Shakespeare Institute, and Michelle Devereux at the University of Birmingham who warmly welcomed me during my four-month research period at the Shakespeare Institute in 2017. I also thank the staff at the Shakespeare Centre Library who attentively aided me in the process of collecting valuable research material. I would also like to thank Marcio Meirelles who thoughtfully accepted being interviewed via Skype in January, 2019, besides providing access to the material related to his production of Hamlet. Finally, I warmly thank my parents and family for the undeniable support. To my sister Ketlyn, my heartfelt thanks for being there when I needed in this incredible and memorable journey. RESUMO O problema discutido nesta investigação abrange a análise de quatro produções de Hamlet com relação às suas abordagens referentes a específicos contextos políticos e históricos. Três montagens da Royal Shakespeare Company foram selecionadas, a saber, as dirigidas por Peter Hall (1965), Steven Pimlott (2001) e Michael Boyd (2004). A produção brasileira da peça dirigida por Marcio Meirelles (2015) também foi incluída neste estudo. O Hamlet de Hall debate questões relacionadas a elementos significativos da Guerra Fria, enquanto que a produção de Pimlott aborda situações relacionadas com a eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 2000. Quanto ao trabalho de Boyd, a produção trata dos assuntos de espionagem e da crise de sucessão na Era Elisabetana. Já o Hamlet de Meirelles, encenado no Teatro Vila Velha, em Salvador, Bahia, e que fez uso da tradução do Primeiro In-Quarto por José Roberto O’Shea, explora questões referentes às especulações iniciais do impeachment da ex-presidente Dilma Rousseff e às atividades do Movimento Passe Livre. Cenas específicas da peça foram selecionadas com o intuito de investigar a abordagem crítica de tais assuntos. Sobre o arcabouço teórico, este estudo baseia-se na noção de performance text, segundo Marco De Marinis, a qual trata de aspectos relacionados à contextualização de produções teatrais. Para a análise dos elementos visuais nas montagens, noções de Dennis Kennedy são utilizadas, assim como o conceito de rescripting de Alan Dessen é aplicado para o estudo dos aspectos verbais. Todas as produções analisadas propiciam valiosos diálogos entre elementos de peça e os assuntos contextuais mencionados, oferecendo uma crítica aguda e pontos de vista específicos sobre questões políticas cruciais e contemporâneas, além de proporem um exame referente à repercussão de tais circunstâncias. Palavras-chave: Shakespeare. Hamlet. Performance. ABSTRACT The problem discussed in this investigation concerns the analysis of four productions of Hamlet in relation to their approach to specific political and historical contexts. Three stagings from the Royal Shakespeare Company were selected, that is, the ones directed by Peter Hall (1965), Steven Pimlott (2001), and Michael Boyd (2004). The Brazilian production of the play directed by Marcio Meirelles (2015) was also included in the study. Hall’s Hamlet addresses issues regarding significant elements of the Cold War, whereas Pimlott’s staging approaches situations connected with the 2000 American presidential election. In relation to Boyd’s work, the production stresses the subjects of espionage and the succession crises in the Elizabethan Era. As for Meirelles’s Hamlet, which was performed at Teatro Vila Velha, in Salvador, Bahia, and made use of José Roberto O’Shea’s translation of the First Quarto, the production explores issues related to the initial speculations concerning the impeachment of former President Dilma Rousseff and the activities of Movimento Passe Livre. Specific scenes from the play were selected in order to investigate the critical approach to such subjects. Regarding the theoretical framework, this study draws on Marco De Marinis’s notion of performance text, which addresses matters that have to do with the contextualization of theatrical productions. For the analysis of the visual elements in stagings, Dennis Kennedy’s notions on such aspects are utilized, as well as Alan Dessen’s concept of rescripting for the study of the verbal aspects. All analyzed productions provided a valuable dialogue between elements in the play and the aforementioned contextual issues, keenly offering criticism and particular viewpoints about pressing contemporary political matters, besides proposing an examination of the repercussion of such circumstances. Keywords: Shakespeare. Hamlet. Performance. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - The title-page of the First Quarto of Hamlet…………………….……….… 26 Figure 2 - Cláudio and Polônio opening a suitcase full of drugs…….…………………43 Figure 3 - David Warner as Hamlet wearing the red scarf whilst talking to the players (3.2) …………………………………………………………………….…52 Figure 4 - The cannon located center stage……..…………………………….………...57 Figure 5 - The portrayal of The Murder of Gonzago…………..………………….…….61 Figure 6 - The final scene of the production being portrayed…...………………….….63 Figure 7 - A view of the stage: two doors are located in the foreground, and another in the background…………………………………………………..…….…...73 Figure 8 - Al Gore and George W. Bush in the final debate at Washington University ……………………………………………...………………......75 Figure 9 - The screen positioned center stage with two chairs on each side.………..….77 Figure 10 - The Ghost dragging his sword………..…………………………………….89 Figure 11 - Polonius, Claudius, and Gertrude watch the actors dancing at the dumb show…. …………………………………………………………………100 Figure 12 - Claudio talks to the desolated Hamlet…………………………………….114 Figure 13 - Fortenbrasse and his soldiers in the background………….……………….123 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 - “All this I can truly deliver”: Introduction…………..……………….….…11 Chapter 2 - “We’ll hear a play tomorrow”: Highlights of Anglo-American and Brazilian Performances of Hamlet………………………………………………………….…..…24 Chapter 3 - “To me it is a prison”: Peter Hall’s Hamlet …….….……….…………..…47 3.1 The RSC and Peter Hall …………………………………………………………….48 3.2 The Cold War ………………………...………………………………………….…53 3.3 Military Power ……………………………………………………………………...55 3.4 Analyzing Act 3, Scene 1 …………………………………………………………..56 3.5 Analyzing Act 3, Scene 2 ………………………………………………………..…59 3.6 Analyzing Act 5, Scene 2 …………………………………………………………..60 3.7 Critical Reception ………………………………………………………………..…63 Chapter 4 - “You are the most immediate to our throne”: Steven Pimlott’s Hamlet…………. ………………………………………………………………………68 4.1 Bush v. Gore ……………………………………………………………………..…68 4.2 A Presidential Environment in Denmark …………………………………………...71 4.3 Analyzing Act 3, Scene 1 ………………………………………………………..…74 4.4 Analyzing Act 3, Scene 2 ……….………………………………………………..…75 4.5 Analyzing Act 5, Scene 2 ………………………………………………………..…78 4.6 Critical Reception ………………………………………………………………..…81 Chapter 5 - “I hear him coming⸺withdraw, my lord”: Michael Boyd’s