1 Figurative Expressions Found in Ed Sheeran's Album
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FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS FOUND IN ED SHEERAN’S ALBUM X: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS A THESIS BY RIZQY ALDILINI AKBAR REG. NO. 110705102 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 1 FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS FOUND IN ED SHEERAN’S ALBUM X: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS A Thesis By: RIZQY ALDILINI AKBAR Reg. No. 110705102 Supervisor, Co. Supervisor, Prof. Dr. Drs. Syahron Lubis, MA, BA., Drs. Mohammad Syafi’ie, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 NIP. 195611131986011001 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 2 Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 3 Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Tuesday, December 20th, 2016 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, MS NIP. 196008051987031001 Board of examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D Prof. Dr. Drs. Syahron Lubis, MA, BA., Drs. Mohammad Syafi’ie, MA 4 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, RIZQY ALDILINI AKBAR, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : December 20th, 2016 v5 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : RIZQY ALDILINI AKBAR TITLE OF THESIS : FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS FOUND IN ED SHEERAN’S ALBUM X: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : December 20th, 2016 vi6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, I would like to thank Allah SWT, for all the mercy, blessing, chance, and power that are given to me so that I am able to complete my study. Praises and greets to Muhammad SAW who has brought us to the luminous era and led us to the goodness of mankind. I do realize that I will not be able to finish this thesis without the help, encouragement and advice from people around me. There have been many unusually intensive people who supported and encouraged me to finish this thesis. Therefore, I would like to deliver my greatest gratitude and appreciation to all those incredible people. 1. My beloved parents, the reasons behind all good things that I do in my life, Ir. Gilzen Waldino and Tatmira Lasny, who have been loving and supporting me with all their hearts. I can’t thank you enough for every single thing that you have been giving me. You may not be the best parents in the world, but you are absolutely the best parents for me. 2. My dearest sisters Gita Septia Hasanah. Friends to fight, friends to argue, friends to share precious moments with. You are definitely the best sisters that I could possibly ask for. I do love you all. 3. My granny and my aunty, who is like a second mother to me, I thank you all for all your kindness for take care for me during I stay in Medan. And also thank you for all you’ve done. vii 7 4. Dr. Budi Agustono, MS, as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies; Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, as the Head of Department of English and Prof. Dr. Drs Syahron Lubis, MA, BA as my supervisor and also my co-supervisor Drs. Mohammad Syafi’ie MA, thank you for the help, suggestions, guidance, solutions and supports related the completion of this thesis and other administrative supports. 5. Dr. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as my academic supervisor, to whom I always ask for advice and suggestion during my academic years. 6. All the lecturers of Department of English who have shared their excessive and valuable knowledge and for their contributions during my academic years. 7. For another lecturers from another department who has been giving me many helps and advices, especially during my academic years which I will never forget. 8. My special thanks to my best friend IMSI 2011 junior and senior who has been giving me so many helps. Haverius Tarigan, Daniel Alessandro, Christbirth Lumban Tobing, Erick Hariansyah, Rizky Munardi, Habil Yudhistira, Benhard Situmorang, Dedhad, Faisal, Anggi, Illa, Petra, Nunuk, Irma, Andus Ijal, Timot, Bang Ryan, Bang Alvin, brothers from another mother IMSI 2014, Anmar, Teguh, Azri, Chusnul, Daniel, Andik, brothers from Pematang Siantar, Firman Doyon, Fahmi Aseng, Yudhis, Hafiz, Qidal, Bagus the atheist, Bang Ridho, Bang Naga, Bang Irul, Tim kita-kita futsal, uak-uak kedai kopi koktong, Ugha the idiot one, Bryan the oldest one, 8 Danny the tallest one, Aseng, Andrian Lubis, bang Adi Bacok, Michela Monica, Erni Juwiling, Sanny Tung, Vani JP, Hastuty Maulina, Lia Matondang, Mentari Syhaputri, Olivia Zein, and so many many more. Medan, January 2017 The Writer Rizqy Aldilini A ix 9 ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul “Figurative Expression Found in Ed Sheeran’s album X: A Semantic Analysys.” Skripsi ini membahas tentang definisi, tujuan, batasan, sense, reference, makna dan majas, dengan topik yang dikhususkan mengenai ulasan majas yang ditemukan di album Ed Sheeran yang berjudul X. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Leech (1969). Teori ini menjelaskan mengenai lima macam majas yaitu personifikasi, metafora, simili, sinekdoke, dan metonimi. Metodologi yang digunakan pada skripsi ini adalah metode deskripsi kualitatif. Tahapan metodologi dalam skripsi ini adalah tahapan pengumpulan data, tahapan pengidentifikasian, tahapan pengklasifikasian, analisis, penghitungan, dan tahapan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil dari analisis data yaitu data yang telah ditemukan berjumlah 118 data dengan rincian 10 (8.47%) data personifikasi, 76 (64.41%) data metafora, 6 (5.08%) data simili, 14 (11.86) data sinekdoke, and 12 (10.17) data metonimi, dimana dari hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis majas yang paling banyak ditemukan di lagu-lagu yang terdapat di album ini yaitu majas metafora. Kata Kunci : semantik, majas, sense x 10 ABSTRACT The thesis entitled “Figurative Expression Found in Ed Sheeran’ album X: A Semantic Analysis.” This thesis explains about definitions, goals, scopes, sense, reference, meaning and figurative expressions which specifically discusses about figurative expressions found in Ed Sheeran’ album X. The theory applied in analyzing the related data is the one proposed by Leech (1969). This theory explains about five types of figurative expressions which are personification, metaphor, simile, synecdoche and metonymy. The methodological research applied in this thesis is descriptive qualitative method. The steps of research are collecting the data, identifying the data, classifying the data, analyzing the data, tabulating the data and drawing conclusion. After conducting such methods, it is found 118 data; 10 (8.47%) of Personifications, 76 (64.41%) of Metaphors, 6 (5.08%) of Similes, 14 (11.86) of Synecdoche, and 12 (10.17) of Metonymies. From the analyzed data, it can be concluded that metaphor becomes the most dominant type of figurative expression occurred in the album. Keyword: semantics, figurative expression, sense xi 11 TABLE OF CONTENT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION............................................................................. v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION.......................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................... vii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. xi TABLE OF CONTENT…..………………………………………………………... xii LIST OF TABLES………….……………………………………...……………….. xv CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ………………………………………… 1 1.2. Problems of Study ………………………………………….......... 5 1.3. Objectives of Study ……………………………………………... 5 1.4. Scopes of Study ………………………………………………….. 6 1.5. Significances of Study ………………………………………...… 6 CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES 2.1 Overview of Semantics ……………………………….…….……. 7 2.2 Goals of Semantics ……………………………………………….. 9 2.3 Scope of Semantics ………………………………………………. 10 2.4 Sense ……………………………………………………………….11 2.5 Reference ………………………………………………………… 12 2.6 Meaning ………………………………………………………….. 14 12 xii 2.6.1 The Varieties of Meaning ……………….…………………….. 16 2.6.1.1 Leech’s Seven Types of Meaning ……………….……..…… 16 2.6.1.2 Lexical, Grammatical and Contextual Meaning………..…… 17 2.6.1.3