Paradigmata Poznání

ISSN 2336-2642 MK ČR E 22424

Paradigmata Poznání

№ 1, 2021

ZAKLADATELÉ Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ», s.r.o. Academia Rerum Civilium – Vysoká škola politických a společenských věd

Šéfredaktorka – doc. Ilona G. Dorošina, CSс. (kandidát věd v oboru psychologie)

Mezinárodní redakční rada prof. V. Boicov, DrSc. (profesor v oboru informační systémy – Riga, Lotyšsko) M. Banasik, Ph.D. (doctor v oboru humanitní vědy – Varšava, Polsko) B. Ivanovská, Ph.D. (doktor v oboru sociologie – Varšava, Polsko) doc. PaedDr. V. Hajkova, (docent v oboru pedagogike – Praha, Česká republika) doc. M. Kamp, Ph.D. (doktor v oboru historie – Wyoming, USA) PhDr. E. Kašparová (doktor v oboru sociologie – Praha, Česká republika) prof. N. G. Khayrullina, Ph.D. (profesor v oboru sociologie – Tjumeň, Rusko) doc. L. Krejčová, Ph.D. (docent v oboru psychologie – Praha, Česká republika) prof. P. N. Kobets, Ph.D. (profesor v oboru právo – Moskva, Rusko) prof. A. V. Korotayev, Ph.D. (profesor v oboru historie – Moskva, Rusko) U. R. Kušaev, Ph.Dr., (doktor v oboru filosofie – Taškent, Uzbekistán) prof. PhDr. J. Liďák, CSc. (profesor v oboru mezinárodní vztahy – Kutná Hora, Česká republika) prof. N. V. Miťjukov, Ph.D. (profesor v oboru stavitelství – Iževsk, Rusko) prof. PhDr. D. I. Ruziyeva (profesor v oboru pedagogike – Taškent, Uzbekistán) doc. PhDr. M. Sapík, Ph.D. (docent v oboru filosofie – Kolín, Česká republika) T. Sigmund, Ph.D. (doktor v oboru filosofie – Praha, Česká republika) doc. PhDr. V. Srb, Ph.D. (docent v oboru politologie – Kutná Hora, Česká republika) M. Szuppe, PhD. (doktor v oboru historie – Ivry-sur-Seine, Francie) S. N. Šumakova, Ph.D. v oboru uměnovědy (Charkov, Ukrajina) prof. Ing. J. Tancošová, Ph.D. (profesor v oboru ekonomie – Bratislava, Slovensko) doc. A. N. Vernigora, CSс. (docent v oboru biologie – Penza, Rusko) prof. G. Ts. Velkovska, PhDr. (profesor v oboru ekonomie – Sofia, Bulharsko) RNDr. P. Zamarovsky, (doktor v oboru přírodní vědy – Praha, Česká republika)

Recenzenti doc. Vage S. Davtyan, Ph.Dr. (docent v oboru politologie – Jerevan, Arménie) doc. Yuriy V. Dragnev, CSс. (docent v oboru pedagogike – Lugansk, LLR) doc. Olga Yu. Šimanskaya, CSс. (docent v oboru filologie – Minsk, Bělorusko)

Interdisciplinární vědecký časopis «Paradigmata poznání» publikuje společensko-humanitární, technické a přírodní vědy

Časopis je indexována podle: Impact Factor:  Russian Science Index (Rusko)  Global Impact Factor – 0,915  Global Impact Factor (Australia)  Research Bible (China)  Scientiﬁc Indexing Services (USA)  Cite Factor (Canada)  General Impact Factor (Indie)  Scientiﬁc Journal Impact Factor (Indie)

ISSN 2336-2642 MK ČR E 22424

Paradigms of knowledge

№ 1, 2021

THE FOUNDERS The science publishing center «Sociosphere-CZ», Academia Rerum Civilium – University of Political and Social Sciences

Editor-in-Chief – Ilona G. Doroshina, candidate of psychological sciences, assistant professor

International editorial board prof. V. Boicov, DrSc. (Information Systems – Riga, Latvia) M. Banasik, Ph.D. (Humanities – Warsaw, Poland) B. Ivanovska, Ph.D. (Sociology – Warsaw, Poland) assistant professor PaedDr. V. Hajkova, (Education – Prague, Czech Republic) associate professor M. Kamp, Ph.D. (History – Wyoming, USA) PhDr. E. Kashparova, (Sociology – Prague, Czech Republic) prof. N. G. Khayrullina, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, (Tyumen, Russia) assistant professor L. Krejcova, Ph.D. (Psychology – Prague, Czech Republic) prof. P. N. Kobets, Doctor of Law, (Moscow, Russia) prof. A. V. Korotayev, Doctor of History, (Moscow, Russia) U. R. Kushaev, DrSc. (Philosophy – Tashkent, Uzbekistan) prof. PhDr. J. Lidak, CSc. (Political science – Kolin, Czech Republic) prof. N. V. Mityukov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, (Izhevsk, Russia) prof. D. I. Ruziyeva, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) assistant professor PhDr. M. Sapik, Ph.D. (Philosophy – Kutná Hora, Czech Republic) T. Sigmund, Ph.D. (Philosophy – Prague, Czech Republic) assistant professor PhDr. V. Srb, Ph.D. (Politology – Kutná Hora, Czech Republic) M. Szuppe, Ph.D. (History – Ivry-sur-Seine, France) S. N. Shumakova, PhD in Arts (Kharkov, Ukraine) prof. Ing. J. Tancosova, Ph.D. (Economics – Bratislava, Slovakia) assistant professor A. N. Vernigora, Candidate of Biological Sciences (Penza, Russia) prof. G. Ts. Velkovska, PhDr. (Economics – Sofia, Bulgaria) RNDr. P. Zamarovsky, (Nature Sciences – Prague, Czech Republic)

Reviewers

Vage S. Davtyan, Doctor of Politological Sciences, assistant professor (Yerevan, Armenia) Yuriy V. Dragnev, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, assistant professor (Lugansk, LPR) Olga Yu. Shimanskaya, Candidate of Philological Sciences, assistant professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Interdisciplinary scientiﬁ c journal «Paradigmata poznání» publishes articles socio-humanitarian, technical and natural sciences

The journal is indexed by: Impact Factor:  Russian Science Index (Russia)  Global Impact Factor – 0,884  Global Impact Factor (Australia)  Research Bible (China)  Scientiﬁc Indexing Services (USA)  Cite Factor (Canada)  General Impact Factor (India)  Scientiﬁc Journal Impact Factor (India)

OBSAH

Doroshina E. B. Film "Morning Glory" as an example of the work of the executive producer...... 7

Tupakhina O. Tropes of trauma in Mitch Cullin’s “A slight trick of the mind” ...... 11

Ivanov V. A., Tolstova E. V. Development of ethnopedagogy by G. N. Volkov ...... 16

Логунова Е. В., Ушакова Е. Л. Влияние стиля родительского воспитания на развитие и становление личности ребенка ...... 28

Никова М. А. Из опыта преподавания иностранного языка в высшем учебном заведении ...... 32

Никова М. А. Преподавание дисциплины МКК. Из личного опыта ...... 35

Румянцева К. В., Ушакова Е. Л. Психолингвистические основы формирования речевой мотивации в структуре психологических механизмов речи ...... 38

Ищанова Г. Т., Мелис А. М. ШОС и вопросы региональной безопасности в Центральной Азии ...... 41

Правила для авторов...... 46

План международных конференций, проводимых вузами России, Азербайджана, Армении, Болгарии, Белоруссии, Казахстана, Узбекистана и Чехии на базе Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ» в 2021 году ...... 48

Информация о научных журналах ...... 50

Издательские услуги НИЦ «Социосфера» – Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ» ...... 51

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

CONTENTS

Doroshina E. B. Film "Morning Glory" as an example of the work of the executive producer...... 7

Tupakhina O. Tropes of trauma in Mitch Cullin’s “A slight trick of the mind” ...... 11

Ivanov V. A., Tolstova E. V. Development of ethnopedagogy by G. N. Volkov ...... 16

Logunova E. V., Ushakova E. L. Influence of parenting style on the development and formation of the child's personality ..... 28

Nikova M. A. Based on the experience of teaching a foreign language at the university ...... 32

Nikova M. A. Teaching the discipline of Intercultural Communication. From person-al experience ...... 35

Rumyantseva K. V., Ushakova E. L. Psycholinguistic foundations of the formation of speech motivation in the structure of psychological mechanisms of speech ...... 38

Ichshanova G. T., Melis A. M. SCO and regional security issues in Central Asia ...... 41

Rules for authors ...... 46

Plan of the international conferences organized by Universities of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Czech Republic on the basis of the SPC «Sociosphere» in 2021 ...... 48

Information about scientiﬁc journals ...... 50

Publishing services of the science publishing centre «Sociosphere» – Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ» ...... 51

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021 6

Filologické vědy

UDC 070

FILM "MORNING GLORY" AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE WORK OF THE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER

E. B. Doroshina Student, NRU "Higher School of Economics",

Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to the topic of producing and the nuances of creative professions on television. The problem of determining the functions of the producer is revealed in the example of the film "Morning Glory". Keywords: producing; television; journalism; mass media; media industry.

"Morning Glory" is a film about the work and bring it to some kind of result” [2]. of the executive producer of the morning Speaking of responsibility, you can recall show. It demonstrates the channel's "produc- that Becky decided to increase the rating of tion kitchen" on television. the show so that it would not be closed. She How it's done: producing in the creative calculated how much the program needed to industries also gives a lot of attention to this dial, and agreed with the boss. She decided topic. that she would fight till the end because she Malika Tarabaeva, a graduate of the HSE took the programme seriously. It can also be Faculty of Communications, Media and De- attributed to communication and manage- sign, believes that “the talent of a producer ... ment skills, which Anna Kachkaeva later is based ... on a great intuition, which helps talks about. Becky was able not only to agree him to guess what may arouse interest in the with the boss about the postponement of the mass audience. Professional flair, combined closing of the show but also to organize work with erudition and awareness, make the pro- within the team. She communicates with eve- ducer able to carefully think over the project, ryone on the set and beyond, directs the implement it using the capabilities of the cre- broadcast, and commands the presenters. In ative team, promote it before meeting the au- addition, she finds a common language with dience and, as a result, make a profit ”[2]. everyone and even managed to persuade The main character of the film, Becky Fuller, Mike Pomeroy to participate in the morning was able to "predict" how to make the morn- program. ing show a success. Sometimes her decisions Konstantin Ernst, General Director of were not well thought out, but rather intui- Channel One, notes that the producer “works tive. To some extent, this can be explained 14 hours a day, practically seven days a by the knowledge of the sphere and the mar- week, who does not have enough time for ket that the heroine possesses. But she uses it either personal or family life” [2]. The hero- unconsciously. ine in the film is shown as just such a person. Anna Kachkaeva, journalist and member She gets up before everyone else, looks at of the Russian Television Academy, says that various documents while eating, discusses a producer is “a person who is able to assess new ideas with employees until late. “I come risks, take responsibility, launch a project first, leave last”, “I completely surrender to

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

my work,” she says about herself when ap- be seen in it. For example, the purpose of plying for a new job. This can be seen in her journalism in general and "trendiness". personal life. In a new place, Becky meets The book of I. M. Dzyaloshinsky “Jour- Adam, with whom they have a relationship. nalism of complicity. How to make the me- However, as soon as it comes to work, she dia useful to people” mentions a survey immediately rushes to it. So she went to look among Russian media workers conducted by for Mike Pomeroy at night, as soon as she the Independent Institute of Communication heard from Adam about his habit of getting Studies. One of the questions was the jour- drunk before unloved filming. In addition to nalist's mission. More than half (58.2 %) of being fully committed to work, this can be the respondents answered that the journalist called the ability to prioritize. The main is an objective observer, that is, he is above character puts her work first. But thanks to everything that happens. In second place such workaholism, she achieves great suc- (21.4 %) is the answer that journalists are cess and respect from her colleagues. Ernst manufacturers of goods called "information" also says that “90 % of his life he (the pro- [1]. Moreover, to the question "What goals ducer) is unhappy, and 10% is happy so does your publication set for itself?" 59.8 % much that it covers those 90 %” [2]. Becky is of the respondents indicated “Development haunted by constant setbacks and difficulties: of the media as a business” [1]. This shows she loses her job, cannot improve relations the desire of the producer to bring the project with a guy, her programme is going to be to profit. closed. She devotes all her time to her career, The film demonstrates several points of but in the end, the success of the project pays view on television production: the first is the for everything. Raising the program's rating, position of Mike Pomeroy, the second is the delaying closure, and Pomeroy's acceptance position of Becky Fuller, the third is the posi- of her professional contributions are all re- tion of the channel's bosses and, in particular, wards for her efforts. Becky's boss. Andrei Boltenko, the chief director of Mike Pomeroy treats journalism primari- Channel One, notes that “any person, even a ly as serious news. He epitomizes the ap- very talented person, needs a producer who proach that news is pure, useful information, must not only be creative and professional, that audiences turn to television for new in- he is also to some extent a psychologist who sights into the world, and that a smart viewer perfectly understands what is happening” [2]. will not dwell on entertainment. “People are Becky sees the tension between Mike Pome- not idiots, they need information,” he says. roy and Colleen Peck. The same scene of Elena Pronina's book "The Psychology of their acquaintance, when they did not want to Journalistic Creativity" mentions a classic go to each other's dressing room, Miss Fuller pragmatic text that describes non-judgmental had to take them in the hallway. She also and constructive facts without their prejudic- tries to find her approach to each and find es. The text also says that such a text requires effective words. She has developed empathy "intelligence and honor" from the journalist and a vision of the problem. From the con- [3]. flict of the hosts, she was able to make a dis- Becky has a different vision for their tinctive feature of the show. show. After she realized that the ratings Although the main theme of the film is needed to be raised extremely quickly, the the functions of the producer, other ideas can idea of entertainment began to be traced very strongly. The morning programme, in princi-

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ple, did not focus on heavy news, but after a sonal emotions of the presenters, in contrast "revolution" from Becky, emotionality came to the neutral classical reporting. to the fore. We can say that in this regard, the From this example, another film theme main character as a producer saw the "trend". also emerges: why does journalism need fun And this led to the proper result: the video and emotions? with the correspondent Ernie was watched by First, people cannot be fed bran all day, 100 thousand people on YouTube, and there as Miss Fuller says during her argument with was a jump in the rating. The audience gets Pomeroy. A large information load leads to tired of the news, it wants to relax, almost human fatigue and oversaturation. Change of without straining. That is why information is consumed content helps to get rid of this. gradually turning into infotainment. Televi- Secondly, everyday news does not always sion must combine materials of different gen- claim to be serious. Holding a fair, rescuing a res to attract the attention of as many people kitten, the emergence of a new art object – all as possible. “The facts are that for a long this can be illuminated only from the point of time in our country ... the whole world argues view of facts, but for the audience, these ma- which is better: news or entertainment. For terials will still carry certain emotions. Third- many years. And you know what, Mike, your ly, emotions are more massive. The Psychol- party has lost,” – Becky defends his position. ogy of Journalistic Creativity speaks of the The third position is expressed in part in emergence of a new type of text – hedonistic. Becky's work, in part in the wishes of the First of all, it is aimed at entertainment, fo- boss. The main goal here is not to educate or cuses on the drives and fears that everyone entertain the audience, but to get money. has. Such “texts” are most visible on televi- Becky's boss is constantly comparing ratings sion, on radio, and in newspapers, they do and analyzing programme audiences. From not have the same effect. “On this basis, a this, he models the most successful option. special concept of journalism has grown, di- As is already clear from the above reflec- verging from the educational, rationalistic tions on infotainment, the film also shows the school of “newspaper science”, and even development of television journalism and its from the pragmatic “theory of news”. One of genres, departing from classical interpretations. the elements of the success of a hedonistic Pronina's book provides an interpretation show is fear, the danger for the participant. In of the reportage from Social Practice and the film, this is demonstrated by the example Journalistic Text. Classic pure reporting of Ernie, who sometimes jumped with a par- means “a message that reflects the progres- achute, then flew on an airplane. Viewers sive development of a real event with the ut- look at his emotions and imagine their emo- most clarity, generating a “presence effect”. tions in a similar situation. The visual turns The text deals with Sergei Fateev and the into the spectacular. If the visual part of the Tiraspol reportage. Fixing what is happening media is aimed at a rational effect for the au- without showing feelings and personal as- dience, then the entertainment part is trying sessments is a manifestation of true profes- to achieve emotions. Such materials seem sionalism. If we go back to the film, we will extraordinary, which raises the visibility. But notice that in this regard there is a difference in this matter, it is worth observing the meas- between the classic and the "new" format. ure so as not to cross the line between news Live broadcasts from Ernie and Colleen, on journalism and a completely staged show. A the one hand, are reportage: they show vari- share of educational activities should be pre- ous events, create the effect of presence. But, sent and even dominate in some topics, dis- on the other hand, they are filled with per- placing the emotions of both the participants

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

in the event and the presenters. DayBreak is a business, the mechanism of the body of pro- morning news show that combines an infor- duction, in which the producer plays an im- mation agenda and entertainment for newly portant role. woken-up viewers. Summing up, we can say that there are Bibliographic list several themes in the film that closely inter- 1. Журналистика соучастия. Как сделать СМИ act with each other. First of all, these are the полезными людям / И. М. Дзялошинский. М.: functions of the producer and the qualities Престиж, 2006. that he must possess. The story also touches 2. Как это делается: продюсирование в креатив- on the development of journalistic genres: ных индустриях / коллектив авторов, Под ред. the classic serious presentation is replaced by А. Г. Качкаевой, А. Новиковой, Р. Юркиной. М.: Ridero, 2016. a more entertaining one. This theme turns 3. Психология журналистского творчества / Е. Е. into an answer to the question of why televi- Пронина. М.: Издательство МГУ, 2003. sion should be engaged in entertainment in addition to its main educational function. The © Doroshina E. B., 2021. entire film is a demonstration of the work of the chain of different stages of the television

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УДК 821.111.09

TROPES OF TRAUMA IN MITCH CULLIN’S “A SLIGHT TRICK OF THE MIND”

O. Tupakhina Candidate of Philological Sciences, associate professor ORCID: 0000-0003-2920-1167, e-mail: [email protected], Zaporizhzhya National University,

Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine

Abstract. The article aims to explain the transformations of Sherlock Holmes’ image in Mitch Cullin’s novel “A Slight Trick of the Mind” in terms of trauma theory and Neo-Victorian concept of the past shaped by Postmod- ern philosophy of history. By placing Doyle’s initially a-historical character into historically determined context, Cullin traces the ways Victorian axiology takes to adjust to the post-WWII world, with the war conflict posi- tioned as a core trauma-generating moment for the history of the XX century as a whole. Tropes of memory loss and fatherlessness have been interpreted as metaphors for traumas of identity erosion, cultural disintegration and “colonial guilt”, with the specific attention paid to the latter within the context of British-Japanese relationship in the late XIX – early XX century. Keywords: Sherlockiana; pastiche; Neo-Victorian novel; trauma studies; historical trauma.

For over a century, Sherlock Holmes has formulaic recurrence contributes to a set of been serving as a cultural icon for several conventions that “hold a civilization together generations of readers and writers of popular as nothing else can” [in 2, 186–187]), it fiction. Since 1892, when the first should still be mentioned that vast majority Sherlockian pastiches and parodies were of non-canonic Sherlockian fiction has been published, the number of incremental texts severely criticized for its formal and based on Conan Doyle’s canon has been conceptual monody. In 1976, Jacques Barzun continuously increasing. By the beginning of regarded most of Sherlockian pastiches as the XXI century, the most recent “unsuccessful” [3]. Jon L. Lellenberg bibliographical index, “The Universal expressed the same opinion about the flood Sherlock Holmes”, contained over 25 000 of “commercially inspired pastiches” [4] publications of various derivative texts doomed to exploit the same tautological plot directly influenced by Conan Doyle’s devices and imagery systematized in Abby original works [1]. For the last 5 years alone, Mendelson’s 1982 essay “The 10 Worst numerous studies of Holmes’ phenomenon in Clichés in Pastiche and Scholarship”: the the modern culture appeared, including bottomless dispatch-box, the fatuous “Sherlock Holmes and Conan Doyle: historical guest, nauseating plot machinations Miltimedia Afterlives” (ed. by Sabine in which “Holmes is the only man who can Vanacker and Catherine Wynne), “Sherlock save the world from destruction – or from yet Holmes for the 21st century” (ed. by another inane pastiche” [5]. Lynnette Porter), “The Alternative Sherlock Considering the above stated, one can Holmes” by Peter Ridgeway Watt and Joseph name at least two reasons for distinguishing Green etc. Mitch Cullen’s “A Slight Trick of the Mind” Far as we are from labeling popular (2004) from “yet another pastiche” featuring fiction a “low” form of art (for, as Ross Conan Doyle’s legendary hero. First, it MacDonald has reasonably argued, its definitely breaks the boundaries of detective

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fiction by discrediting the key elements of its disappearance of a Japanese diplomat; the generic model (unequivocal conclusions death of Holmes’ young companion, Roger reached by clear logical assumptions; Munro; Edith Keller’s suicide) impossible to axiological bipolarity; homeostatic plot etc) solve by means of logic and ratio and and using detective plotline as an auxiliary representing a compelling aspect of Holmes’ generic cliché. Second, it radically efforts to accept his own life in the world he transforms Sherlock Holmes’ canonic image doesn’t understand anymore. The more he by stripping it of its most sustainable and muses over the tragedies he witnesses – be it thus easily recognizable features. Instead of a mother mourning her dead child or the sarcastic, sharp-minded, abrupt detective whole city of Hiroshima ruined by the serialized in Sherlockiana, the novel set in bomb, – the more evident it becomes that 1947 introduces a 93-year-old man even though the cause can be identified, the experiencing a whole bunch of age-related reason why remains obscure and troubles: distracted attention syndrome, rapid unexplainable. The only remedy left for drowsiness, dysbasia, memory lapses etc. aging detective is to concentrate on simple It may seem a striking coincidence that things: “the immutable rooms of his the very same year “A Slight Trick of the farmhouse, the rituals of his orderly country Mind” was published, another novel life, the reliability of his apiary – these things featuring elderly Holmes has come into sight. required no vast, let alone meager, amount of In Michael Chabon’s “The Final Solition” set recall; they had simply become ingrained in 1944, a long-retired 89-year-old detective during his decades of isolation. Then there fails to solve the mystery of a code recited by were the bees he tended: the world continued a mute Jewish refugee’s parrot. Both novels to change, as did he, but they persisted deal with Holmes’ attempts to adjust to nonetheless” [6, p. 25]. rapidly changing environment; both When making Holmes move away from introduce war-affected children as his Victorian optimism towards more pessimistic companions; both refer to XX century’s vision of life, Mitch Cullin doesn’t step too largest catastrophes (Holocaust in “The Final far from the canon: in fact, Doyle’s hero Solution”, Hiroshima in “A Slight Trick of expressed the very same attitude in "The the Mind”) thus demonstrating rational Retired Colourman”: "[I]s not all life pathetic mind’s disability in confronting absurd and and futile? ... We reach. We grasp. And what chaotic world. Yet where Chabon’s narrative is left in our hands at the end? A shadow. Or generally falls within the definition of worse than a shadow – misery" [7, p. 263]. detective fiction, Cullin’s stands out as a However, by focusing on the character’s wise and touching examination of the human transformations under the impact of condition at the turning point of tragic XX historically determined context, Cullin century. deliberately breaks one of the principal The very structure of the novel reflects a generic conventions of Sherlockiana – for, as confused state of aging detective’s memory Sabine Vanacker has argued, Doyle’s by intertwining three main storylines Holmes stories are fairly a-historical (Holmes’ trip to Japan; his lonely life in narratives. While they at times refer to Sussex; his recollections of Mrs. Keller’s contemporaneous events or anxieties and are case investigated 45 years before) in a ready to exploit aspects of modernity – nonlinear, fragmentary way. Each of the newspapers, type-writers, telegrams and storylines contains a mystery (the train-travel – they feel situated in a notional

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Victorian context that would become This sense of vulnerability is further increasingly nostalgic as Doyle’s series strengthened every time we face the developed over time. Even the “Valley of manifestations of Holmes’ fading memory: Fear”, serialized in 1914–1915, is a story that “A confused look spread across his pale, denies its First World War context: the action bearded face, and that puzzlement that takes place in an almost mythological pre- occupied the moments when he sensed the war environment thus reflecting Doyle’s own failing of his own memory also threw its rejection of the drastically changing world [8, shadow over him (what else was forgotten, p. 102]. what else filtered away like sand seeping Consequently, canonic Holmes is a between clenched fists, and what exactly was character strongly based on Victorianism and known for sure anymore?)” [6, p. 25]. designed to appeal to readers by confronting Deprived of his most powerful weapon, the the messy, changeable world they lived in. aging detective would constantly betray As Stephen Knight has noted with regard to readers’ expectations, sometimes acquiring Holmes’ outstanding popularity, “to become almost comic shade: “...Holmes was quiet, a best seller like that, a writer of crime stories seemingly lost in thought; his inward has to embody in the detective a set of values expression as he sat thinking generated an which the audience finds convincing” [9]. optimistic twinge in Mr. Umezaki. Without a According to Lehan, Holmes “embodies the doubt, Holmes was sorting through the vast system that he comes to protect. He is the index of his memory… Soon Holmes's eyes man of reason, of science, of technology; he would close (the old detective's ruminating is from the upper class and was educated at mind, Mr. Umezaki felt certain, was already Oxford; he eventually becomes rich; and he reaching into that cabinet's darker recesses), frequents best city clubs and other haunts of and almost imperceptibly, a faint snoring the gentleman” [10, p. 84]. would then be heard” [6, p. 248]. Contrariwise, Mitch Cullin’s What reasons might have encouraged “humanized” version of Holmes doesn’t Cullin to reinterpret Victorian classics in believe in reason anymore, and his affection such a non-traditional way? In his own to technology, if any, is smashed to pieces by words, it was a traumatic experience of a loss Hiroshima disaster. Discomfort is the world that started him ruminating on the idea of determining his interactions with post-WWII writing “something about the twilight of the world: in his troubled dreams mingled with detective’s life” [11]. The author treats reality he feels “naked… a brittle skeleton Sherlock Holmes as a personal metaphor covered by a thin veneer of rice paper. Gone wrapped up in both the loss of his father were the vestments of his retirement – the figures and his childhood. “As my father woolens, the tweeds, the reliable clothing he began struggling with what seemed to be had worn daily since before the Great War, dementia and my mother was diagnosed with throughout the second Great War, and into ovarian cancer, - he confesses in an interview his ninety-third year. His flowing hair had to Bookmunch, – I began work on “A Slight been shorn to the scalp, and his beard was Trick of the Mind” as a way to explore reduced to a stubble on his jutting chin and themes of aging and memory and how the sunken cheeks. The canes that aided his past can ebb away from us in unexpected ambling – the very canes placed across his ways” [11]. lap inside the library – had vanished as well At a more general level, tropes of within his dreaming” [6, p. 16]. memory loss and unsuccessful father-seeking quests of Cullin’s characters resonate with

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postmodern concepts of identity/hierarchy Far from being simply nostalgic in their crisis. In her profound essay on Alzheimer engagement with the past, these post- disease as a cultural metaphor (largely based Victorian (or neo-Victorian) novels, Cora on Susan Sontag’s seminal paper “Illness as Kaplan suggests, treat Victorian age as a Metaphor”), Linda Simons links loss of recall “discourse through which both the memory as a “culturally constructed conservative and progressive elements of symptom” of senile dementia to the loss of Anglophone cultures reshaped their ideas of self by stating that “in Northern Europe the past, present and future” [15, p. 4]. protestant culture the trait most inextricably Once established by Conan Doyle as a connected to one’s sense of identity is “powerful, patriarchal hero” [16], in “A cognitive functioning/memory” [12, p. 8]. Slight Trick of the Mind” Holmes acts as a For Simons, the metaphor of memory loss father figure not only for his young responds to the fear of identity erosion shared companion Roger (whose father lost his life by postmodern consciousness. According to in WWII), but also to his Japanese pen-friend James Holstein and Jaber Gubrium, the Umezaki (whose missing father he is notion of a stable, centered, autonomous and supposed – and fails – to recall). The latter, self-conscious identity has fallen upon hard raised in - and spoiled by, as his mother times in the world of “instantaneous would have put it, – Anglophile tradition (in communication, hyperkinetic consumerism, a Victorian house “looking anomalous in a and electronically mediated imagery. In such country of traditional minka dwellings” [6, a world, the self is everywhere and thus p. 103]), impersonates the theme of guilty nowhere in particular – fleeting, evanescent, colonial past, identified by Derek Longhurst a mere shadow of what it used to be” [13, as one of the cornerstones of Sherlockian p. 14]. canon [17]. In terms of classical Victorian In terms of larger social groups, Simons novel, father-seeking motive used to function suggests, loss of memory is viewed as a as a means of character’s self-identification threat to cultural integrity: “Losing memory in a complicated system of social and family implies losing history, and once a culture ties. But what Umezaki actually gets is a kind forgets its history, it suffers erosions to its of soothing simulacrum: since Holmes is identity” [12, p. 7]. With regard to that, one unable to recall Mr. Umezaki’s father, he can’t help remembering a peculiar ends up inventing a story of Umezaki connection between Sherlock Holmes’ drug seniour’s clandestine service to the Crown in abuse in “The Sign of Four” and the Indian the New Zealand. Mutiny of 1857, first spotted by Christopher Therefore, by placing Doyle’s a-historical Keep and Don Randall [14]: it looks like character into historically determined context Mitch Cullin, as well as Conan Doyle and transforming him accordingly, Cullin himself, parallels the body and health of the traces the ways Victorian axiology takes to detective to the body and health of the adjust to the post-WWII world, marked as Empire. Based on this presumption, we are chaotic and illogical environment. While able to view “A Slight Trick of the Mind” in deliberately breaking generic and ontological a broader literary context - as a part of a new conventions of crime fiction, he utilizes wave of adaptations and interpretations of tropes of memory loss and fatherlessness as Victorian classics brought forth by rapid powerful metaphors for traumas of identity outburst of interest in Victorian culture and erosion, cultural disintegration and “colonial outlook in the second half of the XX century. guilt”.

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Bibliography 10. Lehan R.D. Realism and Naturalism: The Novel in the Age of Transition. – Madison: University 1. Watt P.R., Green J. The Alternative Sherlock of Wisconsin Press, 2005. – 312 p. Holmes: Pastiches, Parodies and Copies. – 11. Wild P. An Interview with Mitch Cullin // Burlington, 2003. – 368 p. Bookmunch. – 2014. – May 28. 2. Winks R.W. Detective Fiction: A Collection of 12. Simon L. Beating the “Invincible Predator”: Critical Essays. – New York: Prentice Hall, Alzheimer’s Disease as Metaphor // The Journal 1980. – 246 p. of American Culture. – 2014. – № 37. – Vol. 1. – 3. Barzun J. The Other Decalogue / Beyond Baker Pp. 32–38 Street: A Sherlockian Anthology. – New York: 13. Holstein J., Gubrium J. The Self We Live By: Bobs-Merrill, 1976. – 364 p. Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World. – Lon- 4. Lellenberg J. An Editorial Toxin // Prescott don: Oxford University Press, 2000. – 288 p. Press. – 1979. – №2. – Pp. 186-187 14. Keep C., Randall D. Addiction, Empire and 5. Mendelson A. The 10 Worst Clichés in Pastiche Narrative in Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Sign of and Scholarship // The Canadian Holmes. – Four” // NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction. – 1999. – 1982. – №6. – Vol. 2. – P. 76 № 32. – Vol. 2. – Pp. 54–62. 6. Cullin M. A Slight Trick of the Mind. – New 15. Kaplan C. Victoriana: Histories, Fiction, York: Ancor, 2004. – 272 p. Criticism. – Edinburgh: Edinburgh University 7. Conan Doyle A. The Case Book of Sherlock Press, 2007. – 264 p. Holmes. – URL: 16. Hall J.Y. Ordering the Sensational: Sherlock http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100291h.html Holmes and the Female Gothic // Studies in Short (accessed 18.01.2021) Fiction. – 1991. - №28. – Pp. 41–56. 8. Vanacker S. (ed.) Sherlock Holmes and Conan 17. Longhurst D. Sherlock Holmes: The Adventures Doyle: Multimedia Afterlives. – London: Pal- of an English Gentleman 1887–1894 // Gender, grave McMillan, 2012. – 233 p. Genre and Narrative Pleasure. – London: 9. Knight S. Form and Ideology in Crime Fiction. – Routledge, 1989. – Pp. 50–66. London, Palgrave McMillan, 1980. – 2020 p. © Tupakhina O., 2021.

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Pedagogické vědy

UDK 37.013

DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOPEDAGOGY BY G. N. VOLKOV

V. A. Ivanov Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, ORCID 0000-0002-0228-4487, [email protected], Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia E. V. Tolstova Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, assistant professor, ORCID 0000-0001-5068-0700, [email protected], Cheboksary Cooperative Institute, Cheboksary, Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to an outstanding representative of the Chuvash people, the founder of a new direction in pedagogical science – ethnopedagogy, Professor G. N. Volkov, the successor to the spiritual heritage of the Chuvash educator Ivan Yakovlev. It analyzes certain aspects of the rich empirical experience of different peoples, described in the works of Academician Volkov, provides an overview of some features of traditional education on the example of certain territories in which the academician found rich factual material illustrating academic provisions, and where he trained pedagogical staff. The work characterizes ethnopedagogy as a phenomenon of world civilization, actualizes its position between the past and the future, encourages one to get acquainted with its treasures and to harmoniously weave it into modern educational processes. Keywords: ethnopedagogy; upbringing methods; native language; traditions; Chuvash educator; original culture.

Each nation has its outstanding personali- of family, clan, tribe, nationality, nation. The ties, heroes, symbols. They are like beacons, founder of ethnopedagogical school Volkov without them people lose their bearings, de- outlined the range of problems that this sci- generate. The Chuvash people were glorified ence studies: by the world famous sinologist Nikita Bichu- 1) basic pedagogical concepts of a nation rin, educator Ivan Yakovlev, architect Pyotr (care, education, self-education, reeducation, Egorov, astronaut Andriyan Nikolaev, world instruction, training, habituation); and Olympic champions Valery Yardy and 2) a child as an object and subject of edu- Vladimir Voronkov ... Academician Gennady cation (own child, orphan, adopted child, Nikandrovich Volkov (1927–2010) occupies peers, friends, other people's children, chil- an honorable place in this gallery. Doctor of dren's environment); Pedagogy, Professor Volkov successfully 3) functions of education (preparation for worked in the field of Soviet and Russian work, formation of moral and volitional education, he proposed the term "ethnopeda- character traits, development of mind, health gogy" to denote a science about empirical care, cultivation of the love for beauty); experience of ethnic groups in the upbringing 4) factors of education (nature, game, and education of children, about moral, ethi- word, communication, tradition, business, cal and aesthetic views on the eternal values everyday life, art, religion, example-ideal

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(personalities-symbols, events-symbols, ide- world culture, world experience in teaching as-symbols); and upbringing. Historical experience of the 5) methods of education (persuasion, ex- Simbirsk Chuvash school created by ample, order, explanation, habituation and I. Y. Yakovlev in 1868 resembles the com- exercise, wish and blessing, incantation, oath, munity of students and followers of Academi- request, advice, hint, approval, reproach, re- cian Volkov, which formed around this schol- proof, remonstrance, commandment, precept, ar at the end of the 20th century and consisted promise, remorse, repentance, preaching, tes- of representatives of 32 nationalities. tament, prohibition, threat, curse, abuse, pun- The encyclopedia "The Best People of ishment); Russia" states that a native of Chuvashia, 6) means of education (nursery rhymes, Professor Gennady Nikandrovich Volkov is counting-out rhymes, proverbs, sayings, rid- the author of over 900 publications; disserta- dles, epics, fairy tales, legends, lore, myths); tion advisor of at least 300 dissertations de- 7) organization of education (labor asso- fended for obtaining academic titles includ- ciations of children and youth, youth holi- ing about 50 doctors of science; founder of days, national holidays). the ethnopedagogical scientific school [6, His works "Ethnopedagogy of the Chu- p. 144]. Volkov was awarded the title of vash People", "Pedagogy of Life", "Constel- Honorary Citizen of the Chuvash Republic. lations of the Earth", "Life, Death and Im- Volkov was not an armchair scholar, he mortality of the Patriarch", "Pedagogy of travelled from Kaliningrad to Yakutia, from Love", "Ethnopedagogical Pansophy" and Yamal to the mountain villages of Kyrgyz- others gained wide popularity. Ethnopeda- stan, worked abroad. His book "Constella- gogy shows that all nations including the dis- tions of the Earth" tells about friendship of appearing ones have treasures in their ancient the peoples of our great homeland, describes original culture that can enrich the world civ- geography and history, progressive traditions ilization. The great Soviet teacher V. A. Su- and customs of the working peoples of the khomlinsky, giving his review of Volkov's country. In his other book "The Oak and the “Chuvash folk pedagogy”, stressed: “The Sun", he states truly: "The more good cus- Chuvash have not only an astronaut, but also toms, the more good people" [10]. Volkov a teacher ...” [10]. called folk pedagogy "pedagogy of the sun", The goal of this article is to familiarize and the Chuvash often depicted the sun as an the pedagogical community throughout the eight-pointed star. On the state symbols of world with the formation of ethnopedagogy, his homeland - the flag and the coat of arms its emergence from the depths of Chuvash of Chuvashia in the emblem “three suns”, the folk pedagogy, its transformation into a phe- ancient solar sign – eight-pointed stars – is nomenon of world civilization and enrich repeated. Based on the wide representation of contemporaries with knowledge about the eight-pointed solar signs in the academician's national color of pedagogical cultures of dif- environment, below we will limit ourselves ferent nations. to the number 8 describing his ethnopeda- The ideas of Volkov's ethnopedagogical gogical activity. Volkov lectured at 8 univer- concept are rooted in the spiritual heritage of sities in Eurasia, we will consider Volkov's the educator of the Chuvash people I. Y. Ya- trace on eight national territories where he kovlev. Both great teachers instructed: we studied progressive ideas and experience of should absorb spiritual treasures, wisdom, folk pedagogy, where he established academ- experience and traditions of our people, and ic foundations, found factual material illus- at the same time draw on the achievements of trating the main ideas of his ethnopedagogi-

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cal concept. As an aside, we will look for recorded Estonian songs. The Chuvash are parallels with the academician’s homeland, called people of one hundred thousand songs, Chuvash people and their activity and ac- then Estonia is a country of millionaires quaint the reader with them, drawing on thanks to songs. Gennady Nikandrovich de- Volkov’s conclusions. scribes a beautiful example in this regard: a Estonia is a country of millions. It en- girl in an Estonian outfit, helping her mother, riched ethnopedagogy with a peculiar idea of whips butter in a churn. The matter is very a small homeland. Where does the homeland delicate, it does not work out very well, the begin? – it originates from the parental home mother approaches her daughter, advises to or rather from the courtyard, in the center of work with a song – the butter obediently which there is a flowerbed, where Professor creams. One can draw a parallel with gather- Volkov found 32 types of flowers. Among ings typical for Chuvash girls (larma – the flowers there were pieces of granite, rem- chuv.), when young people gathered for nee- iniscent of the richness of the Estonian land dlework at someone's home, the girls' com- with granite boulders. Around the flowerbed munication was accompanied by singing there were fruit trees, next to it was a play- songs, so a whole chest with a dowry – em- ground covered with green grass, a horizontal broidered shirts, aprons, towels, tablecloths – bar, a swing, a slide for skiing, a net for was quietly gathered. Since ancient times, jumping. Volkov believed that the Estonian songs have accompanied and stimulated the courtyard is the face of the republic and its labor process, they contributed to the coordi- people, which amaze the world with quantita- nation and unification of labor efforts of tive data on the education of its one million workers. Volkov is convinced that a child is population: there are 8 million books in Es- happy when he sings. tonian, over 100 magazines and newsletters In terms of population and territory, Es- in Estonian are published, the circulation of tonia is officially little, but a little body often the newspaper in the native language for the harbours a great soul, because here Gennady Pärnu region is almost 30 thousand ... Na- Nikandrovich found many interesting exam- tional language is a key to understanding the ples for ethnopedagogy. As for the Estonian phenomenal culture of an ethnic group and capital Tallinn, the name is written with two its originality, the invisible sides of spiritual letters "N": proper names do not change in a and moral life. The ancestors conveyed their foreign language (though in Russian we tra- commandments, love for their native land, ditionally write it with one N) – the city of their native language by means of words, Tallinn is on the cover of the «Soviet Finno- therefore the care of Estonians for their na- ugric studies» Journal [15, p. 2], one issue tive language is an excellent example to fol- contains an article by the Chuvash professor low, for as Sukhomlinsky once noted, M. R. Fedotov on the commonality of geo- “through the mediation of words, a child be- graphical names in the Estonian and Chuvash comes a son of his nation,” which Volkov languages. Estonia is an example of harmo- recalls in his textbook “Ethnopedagogy” [11, nizing humanistic education based on the p. 14]. principle of conformity with nature. In this regard, the role of songs in educa- Kalmykia is a world with the Grand- tion cannot be ignored, because they accom- mother on top. After the dissolution of the pany all events of folk life – work, holidays, Soviet state, Volkov moved to Kalmykia, games, funerals, etc. The whole life of people where he became a consultant on ethnopeda- was spent in songs. There are one million gogical theory and head of the laboratory at

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the Institute for Personality Development. more than half a century long scholarly activ- During his work at the Kalmyk State Univer- ity appeared in Elista and put Kalmyk State sity G. N. Volkov deduced a formula of eth- University on a par with Moscow State Uni- nopedagogy [12, p. 568]: "without memory – versity, Sorbonne in Paris, Charles Universi- no traditions, without traditions – no culture, ty in Prague, Humboldt University in Berlin without culture – no education, without edu- where the academiсian was invited to lecture cation – no spirituality." Reliance on the calls on ethnopedagogy. In Kalmykia they appre- of Buddha awakens the heart, clears the ciate the work of another Chuvash native – thoughts, frees from ill will, fosters love not Iakinf Bichurin who was at the origins of only for people, but also for all living crea- Russian Kalmyk studies – his "Historical Re- tures. The Dalai Lama's address to the Kal- view of the Oirats or Kalmyks from the 15th myk people focuses on the need to preserve century to the present" was published more the language and culture, customs and tradi- than 180 years ago. Nikita Yakovlevich Bi- tions of their ancestors. Coordination of the churin, a four-time state prize winner, was education formula with the call of the greats the head of the Russian mission in Beijing, is necessary and develops the sermons and where the great Russian poet A. S. Pushkin covenants of the ancients at the present stage had been dreaming of going together with according to the moral: "Everything new is him: well-forgotten old", it conforms to the Kal- Поедем, я готов, куда бы вы, друзья, myk education system where the grandmoth- Куда бы ни вздумали, готов за вами я er was raised to an unattainable height. Повсюду следовать, надменной убегая: Volkov quotes the words of the head of Kal- К подножию ль стены далекого Ки- mykia K. N. Ilyumzhinov: “The world begins тая... [1, p. 107] with a grandmother. Her love is endless, Germany is a country of thinkers and kindness is limitless, patience is immense. poets. Under the guidance of Professor Affectionate grandmothers raise a generation, Volkov, lectures on ethnopedagogy of the teach children to walk and to speak. Their Chuvash people were given at German uni- love is as sincere as light and heat of the sun” versities, in such cities as Berlin, Regens- [12, p. 569]. The grandmother relieves any burg, Jena. In 1979–1982 Gennady Ni- pain with one touch of her hand, and though a kandrovich lectured and conducted seminars TV set shows and speaks perhaps better than on pedagogy and psychology at Pädagog- her, nothing can replace the grandmother’s ische Hochschule Dr. Theodor Neubauer Er- soul. The love that parents often do not have furt. For his achievements he was awarded time to give to their children goes to the grand- the title of Doktor der Pädagogik ehrenhalber children. Grandmothers are needed for future upon decision of the Academic Council of generations who are still taking their first child- the German university. The resolution ex- ish steps. With their tales and songs they form plains the reason by emphasizing his contri- the core of culture. The entire ritualism of the bution to strengthening friendship between Kalmyks is permeated with the cult of ances- nations, active participation in the publica- tors; Kalmyk prayers often begin with an ap- tion of more than 30 works in German that peal to the ancestors. The grandmother is were published in newspapers and academic transmitter of wisdom of 2–3 generations, journals. The journal «Pädagogik. Psycholo- which means that her granddaughter gets from gie» No. 10, 1983 was completely devoted to her the experience of 4–5 generations. Volkov's articles on the problem of interna- Volkov's book "Ethnopedagogical Pan- tional education, which is a component of sophy" which became the quintessence of his spiritual education. In this connection he

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wrote: when the national exists exclusively the article «Gedanken zur Arbeitserziehung». (ausschließlich existiert) – it's called nation- Using specific material, it illustrates the role alism and when the national is inclusive (in- of joy and happiness in labour and cognitive tegriert ist) – then it is internationalism. Arti- activity. Creating conditions for enjoying cles are devoted to universality of educa- your own creative work, overcoming diffi- tion – the harmony of social and family edu- culties on the way to happiness, inspiring cation, rural and urban education; cognitive children with future prospects is the meaning value of folklore, taking into account the age of education. An entire page of the broad- characteristics of a person; family as a sup- sheet newspaper is devoted to this article. port for the people and the state; to the merits The statement made in the article is extreme- of educator I. Y. Yakovlev in this field who ly important: The emotional approach to trained 2000 teachers from peasant families work provides the highest efficiency in shap- in the Simbirsk Chuvash school; preservation ing the need to work not because of necessity of a mother tongue. A number of articles in- but for the mere joy of it [2, p. 12]. 30 works clude an analysis of Martin Luther’s Refor- published in German, an invitation to lecture mation and its positive consequences for ed- in the land of great thinkers prove Volkov's ucation in Russia: Lutheranism had a positive importance as a scientist of a European level. impact on education in the Volga region. Pe- Yakutia is an endless country. In terms ter the Great visited Luther’s house and tomb of territory, the number of fur animals, dia- during his first visit to Germany. Leo Tolstoy monds and gold, the region is incredibly rich enriched his humanistic pedagogy using Lu- in resources. The vast territory of the repub- ther's heritage; in fostering tolerance he ap- lic can accommodate 150 Chuvash Repub- plied Luther's theological literature; he found lics. It took the first tsarist governor two novelty in education and musical training. years to reach the distant Yakutia. Volkov (a Luther's doctrine has not lost its relevance graduate from the Faculty of Physics and over centuries. A number of dissertations, Mathematics), who fell in love with Yakutia, including the one by E. V. Tolstova, whose operates with numbers: Volkov was 1500 opponent was Professor Volkov, testifies to times faster to get to Yakutia than the afore- the universality of the significance of Lu- mentioned governor, who spent two years on therian studies for pedagogy. Under Volkos’s his way to the first place of duty there. A leadership, the Trakovskaya Chuvash- young doctor who was sent to Yakutia after German gymnasium was opened and for 20 graduating with a degree in medicine in an years was aimed at interaction between eth- interview with Volkov mentioned his prefer- nopedagogies of the Chuvash and the Ger- ences when choosing his first place of work: man people. The gymnasium made a signifi- 1) not far from Yakutsk ("only 300 km"), cant contribution to the enrichment of the 2) close to the pier on the Lena River, 3) not language and culture of two ethnic groups - a very severe winter (sometimes below 50 this is proved by the annual participation of degrees Celsius), 4) hospitable locals ... He students and teachers in joint educational got acquainted with the situation and stayed events, including the traditional festivals of in Yakutia for the rest of his life. If he had Chuvashia and Bavaria. been offered to work in America, he would In the German teachers' newspaper have stayed in Yakutia anyway, the region «Deutsche Lehrerzeitung» of 18. November where people were sent into exile, to hard 1982, p. 12 G. N. Volkov and A. Herrmann labor camps, the outskirts of the country [14, develop their thoughts on labor education in p. 224].

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Volkov's ethnopedagogical concept was people, their age-old culture, creative abili- continued and acquired special significance ties and activities. The outstanding humanist in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The teacher, who was 10 years older than Genna- monograph of the first doctor of Pedagogical dy Nikandrovich, knew perfectly well the Sciences of Yakutia, Professor heritage of I.Y. Yakovlev, the Chuvash edu- V. F. Afanasyev, Volkov’s close friend, initi- cator. Like Yakovlev and Volkov, Sukhom- ated the study of pedagogy of the peoples of linsky demands the most careful attitude to Yakutia. It also houses the world's first mu- spiritual treasures of the people, of which seum of folk pedagogy, which was created in educational traditions he considers to be the 1980 with the direct participation of Profes- most decisive. The influence exerted by Su- sor Volkov. khomlinsky undoubtedly affected the activi- Arriving as an opponent at the public de- ties of the Chuvash scholar. Then Volkov's fence of his dissertation, Volkov really saw school of thought, the direction he opened that it was truly public: there were at least influenced researchers in the country and 100 people in the hall for the defence, the abroad and impressed Sukhomlinsky, who same number of people was waiting outside. wrote: “Under the impression of your book He was surprised to learn that the head of the “Chuvash Folk Pedagogy” I decided to write republic, the secretary of the regional com- a book about Ukrainian folk pedagogy. I mittee, deputies of all levels, all the staff of don’t know what it will result in. I am col- the Ministry of Education, the rector of Ya- lecting the material now ... I think this work kutsk State University were present at the will take me five years. If I succeed in realiz- defence. The topic of the dissertation is rele- ing the plan, I will dedicate the book to you". vant, connected with the education of the In the letter to the Chuvash educator dated sustainable use of natural resources. Poets February 6, 1967 he writes: “Until now, no and writers, doctors and candidates did not one has seriously thought about folk peda- stand aside – science in the republic is in the gogy and apparently this has brought a lot of limelight. The result is the famous book "An- trouble to pedagogy. I am sure that folk ped- cient Turkic language of the 6th-8th centu- agogy is the focus of spiritual life of a na- ries" by N. K. Antonov, with 5 thousand (!) tion". The words at the end of the letter from сopies published. Yakutia is a country of sci- the famous Soviet educator to the researcher entists, led by scientist – representatives of are the highest award for any person: "With many nationalities, who are affectionately respect and love for you, real Man ..." [10]. called “Yakutiane”. During his trips and con- Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky is versations with the leaders of the republic, an example of the trinity of pedagogy ele- with teachers and pupils Volkov grew con- ments: ideology, nationality, humanity. In the vinced of the parallel use of two teaching era of interpenetration of cultures of fraternal languages up to grade 8 – Russian and Ya- peoples, the book "To children I give my kut – and the effectiveness of bilingualism in heart" became the basis for the "School of literature, history and geography lessons [14, Joy", and education turned into a science pp. 216–228]. about humans, the teacher became a friend, a Ukraine is the home of great teachers, like-minded person and a comrade of the headed by Sukhomlinsky. In his youth, child in a joint effort. He managed to transfer Volkov corresponded with Vasily Sukhom- into young hearts the habits, customs and linsky, an ardent disciple of Ushinsky's ideas traditions passed on by the ancestors [8, pp. about the nationality principle as the most 3–4]. Sukhomlinsky calls himself a laborer in complete reflection of spiritual treasures of ethnopedagogy, he remained so forever, re-

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jecting offers for career promotion. Sukhom- Getting older a peasant strives to return to linsky devoted many classroom hours to the graves of his relatives. communicating with nature, considering this Ethnopedagogy is the pedagogy of na- to be lessons in thinking and developing the tional salvation. mind. He believed that the development of a In order to get to know the people you child's brain occurs most effectively among need to know their traditional system of edu- visual images, in particular among images of cation. home nature. On warm autumn days children To love the mankind is easier than to love went to his school barefoot like peasant chil- one man. dren in the old days. He realized a child’s In Pavlysh, Volkov heard from a local spiritual life of in the world of play – the life- resident that when Sukhomlinsky fell seri- giving source of children's thinking. His atti- ously ill, he refused to go to hospital saying: tude to child labor is also important: without "I want to die among children." We add that labor a person turns into a nobody. He under- the hospitable land of the Chernihiv region stood that grandfathers and great- received Volkov’s countryman – the classic grandfathers passed on their commandments of Chuvash poetry Sespel, without whom in proverbs – pedagogical miniatures, forms ethnopedagogy would be incomplete, the Ki- of folk wisdom. Sukhomlinsky's command- ev region surprised the professor with bloom- ments are based on folk proverbs. For exam- ing chestnuts, the Kharkiv region prepared ple, a Ukrainian saying goes: "A person has one of the favorite Yakovlevologists, Ivan three disasters – death, old age and bad chil- Trofimov, a participant in three wars in the dren." Old age is inevitable, death is inexora- 20th century; in the Lvov region the author ble, no one can close the doors of their house of this article, V. A. Ivanov – Volkov’s post- in front of them. But one can protect the graduate student served in the Samara- house from bad children, as well as from fire. Ulyanovsk Iron Division – all of them and It depends not only on parents but also on other friends became spiritually close. children themselves. Sukhomlinsky said: Ukraine is reach in songs too, the beauty of school becomes a true center of culture only their lyrics and form develops the voice, when four cults reign in it: the cult of Moth- strengthens the lungs, accompanies work. erland, the cult of Man, the cult of the book, Therefore putting his hand on his chest, and the cult of the native word [11, p. 14]. Volkov taught: "A vibrant song expands the The transaltion into German of “To Chil- chest." Ukraine is a country of hardworking dren I Give My Heart” [7] took into account and kind people: local residents brought the fact that the author was no longer alive, buckets of pears to Soviet Army soldiers for but his commandments are alive and will live free. on. Volkov who visited Sukhomlinsky’s sec- Ossetia is a country of mountains, ondary school in Pavlysh highlighted some higher than which are only mountains. commandments, for example, those that are Volkov sees in them an additional fact: the relevant for inhabitants of 200 countries on bi-unity of South and North Ossetia, the two Earth, speaking 2796 languages: countries are brothers for him, he is not inter- Science is international, but wisdom is ested in who is older or younger, they are deeply national. like twins: according to Chuvash ethnopeda- The mother is the greatest teacher, she gogy, no one can be closer to each other than manifests herself systematically. twins. The process of comparison leads the scholar to similarities with Chuvash – the

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Chuvash are divided into Turis (the northern conference in Ossetia, he got the most valua- Chuvash) and Anatri (the southern Chuvash). ble gifts – a wooden handle with the inscrip- In these conventions, Volkov relies on folk tion IRISTON – the most ancient name of pedagogy – legends say that the ancestors of Ossetia. Ossetians proudly call themselves the Chuvash people, for example, the Thraci- “Alans”. Volkov reveals in Ossetian tales the ans, came to the Volga (Atal – chuv.) from characteristic features of a perfect highland- across the mountains, from the shores of the er, the most important of which are hospitali- Black Sea, from the Balkan Peninsula, ty, hard work combined with intelligence and through the Caucasus (where the Kabarda- kindness: "To drink and eat alone, without Balkar Republic is situated nowdays, and friends is a shame for a good highlander"; nomadic tribes founded the Volga Bulgaria “When my father was alive, he didn’t grudge after they had settled on the Middle Volga). churek and salt, either for his friends or for The surviving folk songs about swans-geese his enemies. I am my father's son”; "May prove that Ossetian ancestors and ancient your morning be happy!"; "Let your road be Chuvash people were neighbours. Volkov straight!" In the Ossetian fairy tale "What is knew the history of the Great Mirgration, ini- more expensive?" one of the young men by tiated by the Huns led by Attila. Based on the his personal example proves to the other that vocabulary, he cites the words that sound the most precious thing in the world is not alike: the Ossetian CHIGYT is pronounced wealth, but a faithful friend, and loyalty in like the Chuvash CHĂKĂT with the general friendship means joint work and struggle. meaning “cheese”. The Ossetian tree – KA- The whole life of a traditional Ossetian was VRYZ sounds like the Chuvash KAVĂRÇ based on a solid foundation of age-old moral (ash tree), the Ossetian KABA – like KĔPE laws and traditions, which presupposed (shirt), ADYL – the name of a fairy tale king, knowledge of mountain etiquette, which in- and the Chuvash ATEL – the pagan name of cluded such laws as hospitality, respect for the legendary commander, about whom the the elderly, respect for the woman and the author of the article has three books: Attila young. Considerable attention was paid to und die Hunnen. Stuttgart: Konrad Theis fostering tolerance towards representatives of Verlag, 2007 (392 S.); Attila und die Hun- other nationalities, since Ossetians have long nen. Düsseldorf: Albatros Verlag, 2006 (315 lived alongside Russians, Kabardians, Che- S.); Attila. König der Hunnen. Berlin: chens, Ingush, Kumyks, Svans. The code of Schneekluth Verlag, 1998. (937 S.) Alanian honor, recorded in ancient historical Volkov's folk heroes are personified: the sources, read: “Never offend anyone’s na- Chuvash delegation headed by the folk poet tional and religious feelings. Every nation is Khusankai went to the centenary anniversary a gift from God” [4, p. 269]. of the Ossetian poet Khetagurov (1959); dur- Volkov could never forget the perfor- ing the Great Patriotic War, Ossetians under mances he saw "Dance of Dzhigits", "Chil- the aliases Mikhail and David fought in the dren of Ossetia", "Dance of the Highlanders". guerrilla movement under command of the The scholar was deeply impressed by chil- Chuvash Nikolayev; during the 8th and 9th dren's drawings “Flight of an eagle over the five-year plans, 150 thousand people left mountains”, “Mountain waterfall”, “A boy Chuvashia for the Far East, Siberia and the with a national instrument under an old tree”, North, and many sons and daughters of the “A mountain goat enjoying the melody” and Ossetian people went to distant lands to work “Fighters with long swords on the battle- on labor construction projects there. Volkov field”. The days of his stay in Ossetia were participated twice in a research-to-practice fabulous, and Volkov reflected in his works

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the effectiveness of folk means of education - ry "White Steamer" by Kyrgyz writer the art of dance and types of wrestling [13, Chingiz Aitmatov, was amazed at the exist- pp. 135–141]. ence of 40 types of salma – small, cut, fig- Kyrgyzstan is a temple of ethnopeda- ured, round, long, large, ball, oval ..., at the gogy. The patriarchal-clan social structure joint movement of a flock of a thousand and the nomadic way of life of the ancient sheep under the "command" of a "king" – a Kyrgyz were reflected in their educational shepherd with a long whip. It’s hot down traditions. The nomad's worldview is the uni- around the lake and up in the mountains there ty of nature and man. The Kyrgyz built their is always white snow, supplying the lake relationship with nature on reciprocity and with clean water. The ethnopedagogue com- deep respect for each other, on a delicate bal- pares this gift of nature with a huge bucket of ance. The nature of Kyrgyzstan is unique: water, he animates it calling it Issikov (the more than 90 % of the country's territory Chuvash pagan name). In the distance consists of mountains, no one remains indif- Volkov could see Mount Kumyshtag, 4251 ferent to the beauty of their snowy peaks. meters high, the Kyrgyz forest 40 km long Lake Issyk-Kul – the pearl of Central Asia – and 20 km wide is a real storehouse of pears, is located at an altitude of 1600 m above sea apricots, apples, nuts, berries and many valu- level at the foot of the Ala-Too mountains. able herbs. These treasures form the person- The Kyrgyz worshiped the sky (Tenir), earth, ality of the inhabitant of these places and water, fire, the moon and the stars, respected their language [13, pp. 144–150]. If you use spirits of their ancestors and sacred animals the environment and animate it in songs, (for example, Bugu-ene or Mother-deer). The fairy tales, paremias, works of art, it will Kyrgyz taught their children to take care of modernize moral values and forever serve to nature and live in harmony with it, without the formation and preservation of the envi- ruining it, but taking from it just as much as ronment. necessary for survival. Approaching the riv- Volkov explains the expression “Many er, trees, mountains, their ancestors asked love children, but the Kirghiz love a child,” permission from the spirits of the earth, by the existence of the cult of the child; he mountains, trees, streams and rivers to pass continues: there are large stars in the sky of through [3, p. 168]. Certain Kyrgyz tribes Kyrgyzstan but the best star is a child, he is called themselves by names of animals and the family star, the domestic king [14]. The believed in their origin from these animals, "Manas" Epos is of particular importance to for example, one tribe is called "deer". This Professor Volkov because its profound moral means that main teacher of this people is na- is aimed at a harmoniously developed per- ture – lake, valley, mountain, salma. One of sonality and awareness of the place where the most powerful means of national educa- "his umbilical cord is tied with a clean scarf", tion of Kyrgyz folk pedagogy is the “Manas” where "he ran barefoot", "his youth Epos, which to Volkov sounds like the Chu- bloomed", "the batyr swore to batyr ”,“ vash MĂNĂS (wise man), he read and reread passed sleepless nights ”and where he it for a month, being on the lake Issyk Kul, thought about what“ will be with his father- the second deepest lake in Europe after Lake land ”, where“ the old and the young, great Baikal. At the same time he recalled the and small – the people shouted exultantly: Chuiskaya valley, felt in his mouth the taste “Eh, Kyrgyz, my children. Be someone's of salma yashka – a soup with dumplings. He grandchild, son and grandfather. Long live restored in his memory the content of the sto- the aksakal!" [12, pp. 419–425]. The Kyrgyz

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have many beautiful rituals associated with Tolstoy – herald of the call “let's become the birth of a child. A large family was al- Chuvash and listen”, Luther – founder of ways welcome: “A house with children is a schools for all boys and girls, Bichurin – a bazaar, a house without children is a grave,” four-time laureate of state awards, Altyuk said the Kyrgyz. Appa – his mum. The cult of child, along with the cult of The number of Volkov's teachers is infi- the sun burning without a flame and a cloud nite but the main teacher – his mother – is floating without wings, and star rays in the associated with such a fragment of our mem- Kyrgyz sky, is in the focus of international ories: a group of students and relatives ac- pedagogy (the term pedagogy comes from company the Teacher who is going by train the Greek paidos "boy, child" and agogos to Moscow, He stands in the carriage, the "leader"). train starts to move, everyone waves and re- Moscow is the capital of capitals of the mains in place, only a 90-year-old mother Soviet and Russian republics. The Ministry runs after the train: she cannot believe that of Education of National Ministries, the gen- her son is leaving. A month later, he returned eral center of science invited the vice-rector to Cheboksary to visit her, the delegation met for scientific work of the Chuvash State Ped- Volkov and accompanied the Teacher along agogical Institute Volkov to work in the capi- Lenin Avenue to house number 24 to his tal. It was not easy for Volkov to leave Che- mother. His visits to her were not occasional boksary and move to Moscow. By that time, but quite regular. Among those who came to Volkov's name was known far beyond the welcome the professor were 3 ministers of borders of the country but Moscow opened education of the republic, 3 rectors of the new opportunities to expand the horizons of Chuvash State Pedagogical Institute – all of his activity. He knew Moscow well: here he them were Volkov’s students. defended his doctoral dissertation in the The teacher lives in his students, who are presence of the authorities of pedagogical scattered throughout Eurasia, as evidenced science, earned the title of professor, for his by the honorary titles deserved by the inter- great services to science was elected an acad- national-national scientist: Volkov is a mem- emician of the USSR Academy of Pedagogi- ber of the USSR Writers' Union, Honored cal Sciences and the Russian Academy of Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honorary Education, was referred to lecture and con- Citizen of the Republic of Kalmykia, Excel- duct seminars at European universities. lent Worker of Public Education of Kyrgyz- Volkov was aware that there is no broad stan, Teacher of teachers of the Republic of highway in science to reach its shining peaks Sakha, he was awarded the badge "For Merit and boldly followed the thorny path protect- in Education" of the Republic of Tatarstan, ing interests of people, educating them with the title of doctor – die Würde eines Doktors the knowledge of ethnopedagogical panso- der Pädagogik ehrenhalber (doctor paedagog- phia: knowledge is power. icae honoris causa) – at the Erfurt Pedagogi- A diligent student Volkov followed the cal Institute, the Herder Gold Medal "For principle of Docendo discimus (we learn by outstanding services in the dissemination of teaching) and Live and learn, studied the the Russian language and Russian culture in works of Comenius – the founder of eth- the spirit of German-Soviet friendship.” nopedagogical pansophy, Ushinsky – educa- Again, we will restrict ourselves only to this tor of multi-ethnic Russia, Yakovlev – patri- octave of awards, this list will be continued arch of the Chuvash people, Krupskaya – de- by university and school accolades and di- signer of national and international unity, plomas.

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The priority of fairy tales in education is the paradox: Nulla propheta in patria; but undeniable, they are food for children. Of the above all he believed in ethnopedagogy and 20 fairy tales that Volkov cited in the book the motherland – that one which exists three "Oak and the Sun" (Юманпа Хĕвел – chuv.), times according to the motto, which is sym- our attention was drawn to the fairy tale bolized by the three suns on the Chuvash "Golden Land" (Ылтăн çĕр-chuv.). It says: coat of arms: We were, we are, we will be Once upon a time there came to this land (Эпир пулнă, пур, пулатпăр – chuv.). ambassadors from a distant rich country. The guests were warmly received by the hosts – Those who were lucky enough to know the ancestors of the Chuvash, entertained Academician Volkov and communicate with with national dishes and drinks, presented him will never forget him. The author of the with souvenirs. The guests repaid the kind- Volkov monument was sculptor Vladislav ness. But when parting they were struck by Nemtsev, a countryman and a relative of one moment: before boarding the steamer, Gennady Nikandrovich. The sculpture, cast the hosts politely asked to wipe their shoes in bronze, was installed on a low pedestal. on a damp rug so that not a speck of dust or a An open, benevolent, surprisingly sensitive particle of their native land would go away and kind person is not tall and is close to eve- because this land is mother. In the Chuvash ryone. In his left hand he holds a book with folk song it is sung: Anne (mother) is neither the title "Ethnopedagogy". His right hand is sold nor bought even if there is money, the pressed to his heart – as a sign that he gives it moral of this tale is patriotism. In every fairy to people. tale there is also a reality, here it is contained in the word "ambassador", probably about Bibliogrpahy one of them an encyclopedia writes: in 921 1. Denisov P.V. Zhizn monakha Iakinfa Bichurina the Baghdad caliph Muktadir sent a caravan [Life of the monk Iakinf Bichurin]. Cheboksary: to the Volga Bulgaria to the king Almush Chuvashskoye knizhnoye izdatelstvo, 1997. – 270 p. through Bukhara and Khorezm, secretary of 2. Deutsche Lehrerzeitung, der 18. November 1982, the embassy was Ibn Fadlan, for one year and S. 12. 3. Imanaliyev K. Kult prirody v natsionalnom vospi- two months he kept records in Arabic about tanii kyrgyzov [Cult of nature in the national con- the life, language and traditions of the Chu- sciousness of the Kyrgyz]. Vesntik KRSU, 2009. vash ancestors [5, p. 62]. We have at our dis- Vol. 9, № 4. – p. 168. posal a German translation of Fadlan's 4. Khetagurov, K. L. Collected works in 3 volumes. “Notes” with a solid introduction and critical Vol. 2. – Moscow: Publishing house Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1974. – p. 269. remarks [9, pp. 1–295]. We have no doubt 5. Kratkaya chuvashskaya encyclopaedia [Short that the researcher Volkov knew about the Chuvash encyclopedia]: Cheboksary: Chuvash- work of Fadlan and the translation of Togan ckoye knizhnoye izdatelstvo, 2001. – 525 p. and left a trace in the fairy tale about the Ar- 6. Luchshiye ludi Rossii [The best people of Rus- ab embassy, about a caravan of 5,000 people sia]. – Moscow: Spetsadres, 2008. – 498 p. 7. Suchomlinski W. Mein Herz gehört den Kindern. and 3,000 horses with camels, which over- Berlin: Volk und Wissen, 1981. – 225 s. coming the hardships and deprivations of 8. Suchomlinski V.A. Serdtse otdayu detyam [To nomadic life delivered in zigzags funds for children I give my heart]. Minsk: Publishing the construction of cities in Bulgaria – for- house Nar. asveta, 1982. – 288 p. tresses to protect the clan and tribe. 9. Togan, Ahmed Zeki Validi. Ibn Fadlans Reiseber- icht. Leipzig: Deutsche morgenländische Gesell- G. N. Volkov sincerely loved his people schaft, 1939. – 336 p. = language although at times he thought of

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10. Vasilyev Ye.V., Volkov G. N. URL: 13. Volkov G. N. Yumanpa khevel [Oak and the sun]. http://gov.cap.ru/home/79/portrait/mold/citsal/isto Cheboksary: Chuvashskoye knizhnoye iz- ri/volkov/glava2.htm datelstvo, 2016. – 175 p. (in Chuvash language) 11. Volkov G. N. Etnopedagogika: Uchebnik dlya 14. Volkov G. N. Sozvezdiya zemli [Constellations of stud. sred. i vyssh. ped. ucheb. zavedeniy [Eth- the Earth]. Cheboksary: Chuvashskoye knizhnoye nopedagogy: course for secondary and higher izdatelstvo, 1979. – 444 p. pedagogical educational institutions]. Moskau: 15. Yegorov V. G. Etymologicheskiy slovar chuvash- Akademiya, 1999. – 168 p. skogo yazyka [Etymological dictionary of the 12. Volkov G. N. Etnopedagogicheskaya pansofiya Chuvash language]. Cheboksary: Chuvashskoye [Ethnopedagogical pansophy]. Elista: Publishing knizhnoye izdatelstvo, 1964. – 355 p. house “Dzhangar”, 2009. – 575 p. © Ivanov V. A., Tolstova E. V., 2021.

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УДК 37.01

ВЛИЯНИЕ СТИЛЯ РОДИТЕЛЬСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ НА РАЗВИТИЕ И СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ РЕБЕНКА

Е. В. Логунова Бакалавр, ORCID 0000-0001-7908-8225, e-mail: [email protected], Е. Л. Ушакова кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, ORCID 0000-0002-2241-9553, e-mail: [email protected], Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П. П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского, г. Липецк, Россия

INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY

E. V. Logunova Bachelor, ORCID 0000-0001-7908-8225, e-mail: [email protected], E. L. Ushakova candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, ORCID 0000-0002-2241-9553, e-mail: [email protected], Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy, Lipetsk, Russia

Summary. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the influence of the style of parental education on the development and formation of the child's personality. The value of family education as the main institution of socialization is also recognized at the state level. The main basis for the development of the social policy strategy is the sociological research of the family institute. The main types of family education are listed and written. The article provides methodological understanding of the results of the influence of a particular style on the child. Keywords: parenting style; child; parents; influence; personality formation; type.

Особое внимание к проблеме социали- что это может способствовать объедине- зации, в частности в семьях, не ослабевает нию усилий общества, государства, биз- в течение достаточно долгого периода неса в важных вопросах поддержки ин- времени в силу большой значимости со- ститутов брака, отцовства и материнства, циализации ребенка и его дальнейшей укреплении их авторитета. Ценность се- жизни в социуме. мейного воспитания как основного инсти- По инициативе Президента России тута социализации признается и на уровне 2008 год был провозглашён в нашей государства. Главным основанием для стране годом семьи. Обращаясь к парла- развития стратегии социальной политики ментариям, глава государства отметил, служат социологические исследования

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института семьи. В развитии и сохране- ным доверием, равенством во взаимоот- нии данных отношений, заинтересовано ношениях. само общество и государство. Социализи- 2. Эгалитарный тип. Данная модель рующая функция, которая возложена на воспитания характеризуется как нормаль- близких родственников, является опреде- ные отношения между родителями и ляющей в становлении личности. детьми, но с определенной дистанцией В литературе можно встретить доста- между ними. Все участники семейных от- точно много ученых, изучающих семью, ношений стараются их не нарушать. Ма- стили семейного воспитания. Например: лыши полностью слушаются взрослых, а Захаров А. И., Эйдемиллер Э. Г., Лич- они, в свою очередь, сами выбирают, что ко А. Е., Варга А. Я. и т. д. Есть также по- нужно ребенку. Дети растут безынициа- дробные описания неблагоприятных черт тивными, но вежливыми послушными и личности родителей, которые могут под- добрыми. Очень часто они не имеют свое- толкнуть к нарушениям в воспитании ре- го мнения, так как привыкли, что за них бенка. В их числе: Захаров А. И., Вар- все решают. Родители интересуются про- га А. Я., Адлер А. и т.д. Изучением про- блемами ребят, и те, в свою очередь, де- блемами стилей семейного воспитания лятся своими трудностями. Внешне отно- занимались Е. Н. Спирева, Е. В. Буренко- шения вполне благополучны, но некото- ва, их работы основаны на отражении вза- рые сокровенные связи могут нарушаться. имосвязей стиля семейного воспитания с 3. Материально-ориентированные се- личностными качествами ребенка и роди- мьи. Особое внимание здесь уделяют ма- теля. Ю. В. Ильиных рассматривал как териальному благополучию. В таких се- действия родителей и их стиль влияют на мьях с детства приучают смотреть на развитие личности ребенка. жизнь прагматически, и видеть во всем Социализация – термин, обозначаю- выгоду. Заставляют учиться, но с един- щий развитие и самоизменение человека в ственной целью – поступить в хороший процессе усвоения и воспроизводства вуз. Интересы и увлечения детей не инте- культуры, что происходит во взаимодей- ресуют родителей, поощряется только ствии человека со стихийными, относи- «выгодная» инициативность. Отношения тельно направляемыми и целенаправлен- в семье могут развиваться непредсказуе- но создаваемыми условиями жизни на мо. Высокие помыслы старшего поколе- всех возрастных этапах [1, c. 45]. ния в этом случае зачастую разбиваются о Титаренко В. И. выделял следующие низкую педагогическую культуру осу- типы семейного воспитания: ществления. 1. Демократический тип. Родители 4. Авторитарный тип. В таких семьях всегда знают, что дети делают, чем инте- по отношению к детям присутствует не- ресуются, что их беспокоит. Всегда помо- уважение, недоверие и физические нака- гают и уважают интересы ребенка. Это зания. Механизм отношения прост: огор- один из наиболее благополучных вариан- чения родителей вызывают интересы ре- тов развития семьи. Дети в таких семьях, бенка, которые идут во вред учебе, основ- как правило, общительные, инициатив- ным занятиям, а в некоторых случаях и ные, независимы. У них также постоянно аморальным поступкам. Все стремления присутствует потребность во взаимном детей и их поведение вызывают конфлик- общении. Их отношения характеризуются ты в семье, при этом правы/скорее правы общей нравственной атмосферой семьи – родители. Такие ситуации обычно связа- порядочностью, откровенностью, взаим- ны с возрастными особенностями, они

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еще не могут оценить опыт родителей и Как отмечает М. И. Лисина – ребенок усилия на их благо. с точным (адекватным) представлением о 5. Антисоциальные семьи. Родители себе, вырастает в семье, где родители уде- зачастую ведут аморальный образ жизни. ляют ему должное внимание и необходи- Влияние таких семей максимально нега- мое количество времени; адекватно оце- тивно сказывается на детях. В 30 % случа- нивают его способности ев это ведет к антиобщественным поступ- (демократический тип воспитания); кам. Детей из таких семей очень часто бе- - ребенок с завышенным (преувеличен- рут под опеку государства. ным) представлением о себе формируется Также следует отметить, что редко в семье, где его балуют, хвалят, потакают. можно встретить семью, которая придер- Наказывают максимально редко, система живается лишь одного стиля воспитания требования носит мягкий характер. детей. Обычно практикуется сочетание (либеральный стиль); стилей. К примеру, мать использует авто- - ребенок с заниженным (преуменьшен- ритарный стиль, а отец – демократический. ным) представлением о себе растет с семь- Именно поэтому для более ясного по- ей, где родители не сильно занимаются его нимания о том, как влияет семейное вос- воспитанием, но требуют полного послу- питание на формирование личности ре- шания, часто упрекают и наказывают. бенка, нужно рассматривать все возмож- (авторитарный стиль). ные нюансы относительно того, как скла- Не обращая внимание на суету и дываются взаимоотношения в разных се- спешку в современном обществе, во мно- мьях, какие методы применяют родители гих семьях сохранилась традиции об- для поощрения, наказания, каких нрав- щесемейных трапез, с помощью которых ственных ценностей придерживается се- восполняется недостаточность живых мья и т.п. контактов с членами семьи, подтвержда- Только после понимания всего, можно ется ее ценность, цельность и заинтересо- говорить об уровне влияния стиля воспи- ванность в ней всех домашних. Идет об- тания в семье. Таким образом, воспитание мен информацией, накопившейся за некий ребенка является многосторонней катего- промежуток времени, обсуждение дел, рией, обладающей условным характером проблем, которые волнуют всех или кого- и изменчивой природой (например, авто- либо из членов семьи. ритарный стиль, который используется Обобщая все вышесказанное, можно родителями, с течением времени может сделать вывод, что на формирование лич- перейти в демократический, либо либе- ностных качеств ребенка оказывает боль- ральный стиль – в авторитарный и т. д.). шое значение образ жизни семьи, уровень Поэтому, все это нужно учитывать при культуры и образования, представления о анализе всех особенностей семейного воспитании родителей, стиль взаимодей- воспитания, который влияет на развитие ствия с детьми. Ребенок усваивает ценно- ребенка как личности. Демократический сти, нормы, традиции семейного круга, а стиль, в отличие от либерального и авто- также копирует и развивает в себе те ка- ритарного, способствует развитию у ре- чества и черты, которые преобладают у бенка адекватной самооценки, которая, родителей. Очень важно, чтобы взаимоот- позволяет ему развивать личностные ка- ношения строились на любви, уважении, чества. понимании и поддержке ребенка.

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Библиографический список А. С. Макаренко; сост., авт. предисл. В. Э. Черник. – Москва: Карапуз, 2009. – 285 с. 1. Алексеева Л. С., Плотник М. М., Спиваковская 3. Мудрик А. В. Социальная педагогика: Учеб. А. С., Ширинский В. И. Влияние внутрисе- для студ. пед. вузов / под ред. В. А. Сластени- мейных отношений на формирование лично- на. – М.: Изд. центр «Академия», 1999. – 256 с. сти ребенка. – Вып. 1. – М.: ЦБКТИ Мин- 4. Титаренко В. И. Семья и формирование лич- соцзащиты населения Российской Федерации, ности. – М.: Мысль, 2012. – С. 176. 1995. – 40 с. 2. Макаренко А.С. Человек должен быть счаст- © Логунова Е. В., Ушакова Е. Л., 2021. ливым: [избранные статьи о воспитании] /

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УДК 811(111)

ИЗ ОПЫТА ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА В ВЫСШЕМ УЧЕБНОМ ЗАВЕДЕНИИ

М. А. Никова Кандидат социологических наук, доцент, e-mail: [email protected], Московский государственный областной университет, г. Мытищи, Московская область, Россия

BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY

M. A. Nikova PhD in Sociology, Associate professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, e-mail: [email protected], Moscow State Regional Uiversity,

Mytishchy, Moscow region, Russia

Abstract. The current global economy requires individuals to have communication competency, socio-cultural knowledge and ability to apply understanding to real world problem solving. Preparing students for global society to become “global citizens who preserve the variety and vitality of life” is becoming a significant part of education and pressure educators and educational leaders to change learning environments and methods. Keywords: communication competency; communicative skills; cross-cultural communication; business language.

Последние события, а, именно, вы- ва убеждаюсь в этом. Ещё относительно нужденный переход на дистанционное недавно были очень популярны на заняти- обучение из-за пандемии, подстегивают ях ролевые и деловые игры. Потом про них учителей в школах и преподавателей в немного подзабыли, переключились на вузах искать формы, средства и методы, другие технологии и средства. Решила которые внесли бы разнообразие в подачу вновь включить проведение игр в свою и закрепление материала по иностранному преподавательскую деятельность во время языку и способствовали бы оживлению дистанционного обучения. Моделируя лю- интереса у студентов к изучению и овла- бую жизненную ситуацию (ролевую, дело- дению им. вую игру), эпизод из реальной жизни, я, Коммуникативный подход при обуче- как преподаватель, тем самым позволяю нии иностранному языку предполагает, студентам продемонстрировать получен- что обучение ему в неязыковом вузе ный багаж знаний, проявить их творческие должно быть сугубо профессионально способности, чтобы в будущем почув- ориентированным и направленным на ствовать себя относительно уверенно [3]. подготовку студентов к реальному про- Из личного опыта работы в различных фессиональному общению [2]. вузах подметила, что на первом курсе в Есть замечательная истина: «Всякое любом вузе в учебном плане заявлена те- новое – это хорошо забытое старое». Сно- ма «Education» или «My university». Для

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закрепления темы “Education” со своими Участники игры, выполняющие роль студентами мы проводим игру “An open «абитуриентов» будут интересоваться day of a university”. Остановимся на ней техническим возможностями аудиторий, подробнее. Может кто-то возьмёт себе эту формами работы (обучения), которые ка- информацию на заметку и пригодится в федра может предложить студентам со работе. Любая игра предполагает три эта- слабой подготовкой и с более приличным па: 1) подготовительный – этот этап про- уровнем владения языками. Роль «пред- водится на практических занятиях, пред- ставителя кафедры иностранных языков» шествующих игре; 2) исполнительный – преподавателю можно взять на себя. проведение самой игры; 3) итоговый – по- 3. Вопросы к работникам, которые следующее обсуждение в группе и до- обеспечивают учебный процесс: предста- машнее задание творческого характера. вителям технического центра, библиотеки В игре “An open day of a university” и т.д. студенты могут сыграть различные роли: 4. Вопросы о возможности и условиях «абитуриентов», «представителей вуза», организации быта студентов, спортивной «родителей абитуриентов» (при желании и культурной жизни, т.е. как работают или, если студентов в группе много) и са- общежития, спортивные залы, кафе, цен- мих себя, т.е. «студентов», которые при- тры для проведения досуга. шли, чтобы ответить на вопросы абитури- Следующий этап подготовки. Когда у ентов и рассказать о своей учёбе и сту- вас будут готовы списки вопросов по те- денческой жизни. мам, предложите студентам ответить на Для начала надо поработать над лекси- них. Если они не знают ответ, пусть обра- кой по теме. Поинтересуйтесь, кто из ребят тятся в соответствующие подразделения был на дне открытых дверей в каком- вуза для уточнения (сейчас благодаря нибудь учебном заведении и предложите техническому прогрессу и технологиям каждому в качестве домашнего задания это можно сделать быстро). Для упорядо- написать на листах список хотя бы из 10 чения и упрощения подготовки лучше вопросов, которые они задали бы, если бы распределить списки с вопросами среди пришли на такое собрание в качестве аби- студентов, учитывая их интересы. туриентов. Вопросы могут быть как на ан- Итак, у каждого студента еще до роле- глийском, так и на русском языке, чтобы вого урока имеется письменно список из не ограничивать фантазию студентов. 10 любых вопросов, которые он заготовил Когда вы получите вопросы, попро- в процессе подготовки к ролевой игре. буйте вместе со студентами классифици- Часть студентов, которых назначил пре- ровать их по следующим направлениям, подаватель, должна иметь ответы по сво- например: ей тематике (для подстраховки, чтоб не 1. Вопросы сотрудникам, отвечающим возникла пауза во время проведения игры, за организацию учебного процесса. Сюда если вдруг никто не сможет ответить на могут войти вопросы, связанные с фор- какой-то из прозвучавших вопросов). мами обучения, факультетами и специ- Теперь о форме проведения игры. альностями, которые представлены в вузе. Студенты, которые заранее получили ро- 2. Вопросы представителям различных ли, отвечают на вопросы «абитуриентов». кафедр. Ни для кого не секрет, что очень Остальным студентам дайте задание оце- много вопросов априори кафедре ино- нить работу своих сотрудников (ставить странных языков, учитывая возрастаю- им оценки), чтобы тоже были так или щий интерес к иностранным языкам. иначе вовлечены в игру. Постарайтесь

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

наперёд не разглашать «тайну» о том, кто есть возможность проявить себя, ведь будет спрашивать, а кто отвечать, чтобы именно при таком настрое происходит серьёзно готовились все. непроизвольное запоминание как лекси- И последнее, естественным и законо- ческих средств, так и «скучных» грамма- мерным будет после проведения игры тических структур, создаются условия для подведение итогов работы каждого участ- возможности выхода творческого потен- ника. Прокомментируйте и охарактери- циала и импровизации. зуйте их труд, они ждут этого и будут благодарны. На дом, в качестве домашне- Библиографический список

го задания дайте ребятам задание напи- 1. Гез Н. Н., Фролова Г. М. История зарубежной сать эссе на тему “Student’s life in our uni- методики преподавания иностранных язы- versity”. ков. – М., 2008. Самым главным достоинством подоб- 2. Никова М. А. Ключ к эффективной межкуль- ных мероприятий, игр является заметное турной коммуникации. В сборнике: Лингви- стика и лингводидактика. Сборник научных сокращение времени для накопления не- тезисов и статей по материалам Всероссий- обходимого для жизни опыта и знаний у ской научно-практической очно-заочной кон- студентов. ференции. Под редакцией А. В. Кирилловой, Вывод следующий: проведение игры М. В. Шуруповой. 2020. – С. 96–100. способствуют тому, что процесс обучения 3. Никова М. А. Изучение иностранного языка для успешной карьеры. В сборнике: Россия и становится интересным, увлекательным и мир в поисках новых решений: экономика, неформальным [1]. Задавшись этой це- право, гуманитарные науки. Доклады научно- лью, мы со своими студентами взяли за практической конференции. под общ. ред. правило каждый семестр завершать про- Ф. Л. Шарова. 2017. – С. 338–344. ведением ролевой игры по какой-то из тем. Благодаря этому у моих студентов © Никова М. А., 2021.

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УДК 378

ПРЕПОДАВАНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ МКК. ИЗ ЛИЧНОГО ОПЫТА

TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.

M. A. Nikova PhD in Sociology, associate professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, e-mail: [email protected], Moscow State Regional Uiversity,

Mytishchy, Moscow region, Russia

Abstract. People talk about the use of English as a language for Cross-Cultural communication. The one question is asked most frequently: "How can we insure mutual intelligibility and understanding among speakers from different countries and with various cultures?" The current global economy requires individuals to have language competency and Cross-Cultural communication competency as well, which is becoming a significant part of tertiary education. Keywords: cross-cultural communication; communication competency; communicative skills; business language; intercultural communication.

В последние годы появилось много ствует налаживанию международных кон- разнообразных публикаций, посвящённых тактов. При общении на английском язы- МКК, в которых приводится анализ ке, как международном языке бизнеса с накопленного уже опыта межкультурной представителями из другой страны, оши- коммуникации. Ряд учёных в разных бочно полагать, что каждый представи- странах пытались провести исследования тель из сферы бизнеса говорит на хоро- особенностей восприятия «чужой» куль- шем английском. Фактически, только туры, механизмов социального общения, около половины из 800 миллионов чело- закономерностей взаимодействия пред- век (есть такая статистика), говорящих по- ставителей разных культур. С этой целью английски, выучили его как родной и спо- будут интересны и познавательны работы собны на нём продуктивно вести перего- Р. Д. Льюиса и его центра, РАН, МГУ воры и дела. И те, кто говорит на англий- им. М. В. Ломоносова и др. Рекомендации ском языке как на втором языке, часто бо- и советы по МКК, содержащиеся в этих лее ограничены, чем носители языка. трудах и исследованиях, могут оказать Причиной тому, понятно, считается не большую помощь при установлении дело- только небольшой словарный запас, но и вых контактов между партнерами – пред- отсутствие знаний необходимых для эф- ставителями разных культур [4]. фективного межкультурного общения, не Имеющий сегодня место процесс гло- знание различный реалий, культуры, осо- бализации расширяет возможности меж- бенностей менталитета и т.д. вашего виза- дународного сотрудничества и способ- ви, партнёра, с которым ведёте бизнес. Об Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

этом неустанно приходится повторять владения им, но и наличие поликультур- своим студентам: «Будьте внимательны; ного образования, ориентированного на знания лишь языка не достаточно для сохранение и развитие всего многообра- успешной карьеры в бизнесе!» [3] зия культурных ценностей, норм образцов Важно, чтобы при установлении от- и форм деятельности, существующих в ношений, происходило взаимопонимание, современном мире. а не столкновение нескольких культур. Дисциплину МКК студенты магистра- Если деловые партнеры владеют культу- туры начинают изучать на первом курсе в рологической информацией друг о друге, нашем вузе. Помимо нескольких вводных им намного легче найти взаимопонимание лекций на начальном этапе, посвященных для решения многих вопросов. Для фор- основам дисциплины (предмет изучения, мирования у обучающихся определённого объект, методы, средства, цели и т.д.), уровня межкультурной компетенции мною было предпринято следующее. Я необходимо следующее: 1) достаточная предложила своим студентам пойти от информированность о культурной специ- «обратного»; не от теории к практике, а фике иного культурного сообщества (ис- наоборот. тория, традиции, обычаи, этикет, быт, ре- Так, к примеру, в рабочей программе лигия и т.д.); 2) толерантное отношение предлагаются к изучению такие вопросы, ко всем существующим в ином социуме как: 1) Этические и нравственные нормы культурным сообществам и их культур- поведения в инокультурной среде; ным особенностям; 3) способность, готов- 2) Нормы этикета стран изучаемого языка; ность и мотивация к взаимодействию в 3) Значение и правила общения в различ- разнообразных культурных сообществах, ных лингвокультурах; 4) Культурная входящим в социум; 4) хороший уровень идентичность. языковой и коммуникативной компетен- Я подобрала ряд аутентичных текстов ции для эффективного общения в поли- на языке, содержащих информацию по культурном обществе [2]. вышепредложенным вопросам и несущим Понимание, осознание, принятие куль- необходимый когнитивный потенциал. турного разнообразия в поликультурном Студентам сначала было предложено изу- обществе незамедлительно повлечёт по- чить их (прочитать, перевести и кратко требность в новых знаниях для успешного изложить суть вопроса), далее мы обсуж- ведения бизнеса в других странах. Учиты- дали информацию, сравнивали с тем, что вая различные культурные контексты, это мы имеем в нашей стране и, затем, сов- создаёт новые проблемы общения на ра- местно делали выводы. И только потом я бочем месте. К примеру, даже, когда со- анонсировала студентам, что мы рассмот- трудники, расположенные в разных лока- рели такой-то вопрос из программы. циях или офисах, говорят на одном языке Да, я соглашусь, что это намного хло- (например, переписка между англоязыч- потнее преподавателю и затратнее по ными партнерами в США и в Великобри- времени при подготовке к занятию и, что тании), существуют некоторые культур- не все вопросы можно изучить таким спо- ные особенности, различия, которые сле- собом. Но, я полагаю, что стоит попробо- дует учитывать при оптимизации связи вать, т.к. видишь живые эмоции и глаза между двух сторон. В связи с этим, студентов, когда они от практики перехо- огромное значение имеет не только язык, дят к теории, т.е., когда я им после про- на котором ведутся переговоры и уровень хождения тем, изучения вопросов по тек-

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стам на языке, даю задание самостоятель- ется ключом к эффективной межкультур- но подвести теперь под них теоретиче- ной коммуникации. скую подоплеку. Дальше, им предлагаю им выбрать тот (или те) вопрос (вопросы), Библиографический список

который их «зацепил», заинтересовал рас- 1. Гез Н. Н., Фролова Г. М. История зарубежной смотреть более глубоко, детально и пред- методики преподавания иностранных язы- ставить вывод в виде мультимедийной ков. – М., 2008. презентации по теме. Смею заметить, что 2. Никова М. А. Ключ к эффективной межкуль- после такого подхода они с неподдельным турной коммуникации. В сборнике: Лингви- стика и лингводидактика. Сборник научных удовольствием штудируют (изучают) тео- тезисов и статей по материалам Всероссий- ретическую часть и систематизируют ма- ской научно-практической очно-заочной кон- териал при подготовке к презентации. ференции. Под редакцией А. В. Кирилловой, Итак, обучение иностранному языку, М. В. Шуруповой. 2020. С. 96–100. как важнейшему средству поликультурно- 3. Никова М. А. Изучение иностранного языка для успешной карьеры. го образования, одной из своих задач ста- В сборнике: Россия и мир в поисках новых вит овладение компетенцией межкуль- решений: экономика, право, гуманитарные турной коммуникации для успеха в жизни науки. Доклады научно-практической конфе- и деловой (предпринимательской) дея- ренции под общ. ред. Ф.Л. Шарова. 2017. тельности [1]. Не вдаваясь в культуры и С. 338–344. 4. William B. Gudykunst. Cross-cultural and inter- субкультуры, для людей, возможно, cultural communication // California State Uni- наиболее важно понять, что базовое по- versity. Fullerton Editor. 2003. нимание культурного разнообразия явля- © Никова М. А., 2021.

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УДК 376.3

ПСИХОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЕЧЕВОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ В СТРУКТУРЕ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ РЕЧИ

К. В. Румянцева Бакалавр, ORCID 0000-0002-9988-5181, e-mail: [email protected], Е. Л. Ушакова кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, ORCID 0000-0002-2241-9553, e-mail: [email protected], Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П. П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского, г. Липецк, Россия

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF SPEECH MOTIVATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SPEECH

K. V. Rumyantseva Bachelor, ORCID 0000-0002-9988-5181, e-mail: [email protected], E. L. Ushakova candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, ORCID 0000-0002-2241-9553, e-mail: [email protected], Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy, Lipetsk, Russia

Abstract. The article discusses material on the issue of the psycholinguistic foundations of the formation of speech motivation in the structure of the psychological mechanisms of speech. Speech is presented, which is defined as a form of communication, which historically takes shape in the process of material and active communication of people, as well as the role of speech actions in children with autism spectrum disorder. The problem of linguistic generation is considered, as well as the concept of the structure of the act of speech activity, created by A. A. Leontiev. Keywords: psycholinguistics; formation; speech motivation; speech mechanisms; structure; speech.

В нашем мире речь считается усилен- тирующая помощь. Чтобы ознакомиться с ным и всеобъемлющим видом взаимодей- причинами, по которым речь не развива- ствия людей в обществе. Речевые дей- ется нормально в 1956-х годах возникла ствия играют огромную роль для всех, в самостоятельная наука дисциплина – пси- особенности детей, страдающих рас- холингвистика. стройствами аутистического спектра. С Психолингвистика – это дисциплина, каждым годом рябят с РАС становится все изучающая процессы речеобразования и больше и им нужна качественная коррек- восприятия речи. Она находится на стыке

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лингвистики и психологии, но исследова- ся» в обобщенную смысловую схему вы- ния, проводимые в ее рамках, как прави- сказывания [3]. ло, сомнительны [3]. Главным этапом порождения речи яв- На современном этапе развития науки ляется «Внутреннее программирование». речь определяется как форма общения, Его А. А. Леонтьев рассматривал как про- которая исторически складывается в про- цесс, в котором происходит построение цессе материального и деятельного обще- схемы смысловой, на ее основе происхо- ния людей [1]. дит порождение высказывания [2]. С лингвистической точки зрения сло- Научные взгляды А. А. Леонтьева во во – это определенная последовательность многом определили проведение целого языковых единиц (фонем, морфем, слов, ряда научных исследований российских и предложений), регулируемая законами иностранных ученых по данной проблеме. языка и действием сознания, которое Говоря о человеческой мотивации, мы формирует ту или иную мысль [1]. хотели бы сказать, что преднамеренный Проблема языковой генерации являет- поступок людей предопределен их жела- ся одной из важнейших в данной дисци- нием. Речевые, а также инстинктивные плине. Это часто связано с тем, что в ряде действия подчиняются одному и тому же психолингвистических школ процесс по- закону: человек получает различную ин- рождения и видения того, как обстоят де- формацию от мира, стоит. ла, в такой же мере является основным Речевая мотивация как шаг речевого предметом изучения. Ученые А. Р. Лурия, акта и служит началом намерения гово- А. А. Леонтьев Т. В. Ахутина, С. Выгот- рить. Человеческий язык – это определен- ский, работавшие в этой области знаний, ное действие, которое начинается с жела- рекомендовали различные варианты ния. В контексте мотивов человека значе- научной интерпретации процессов созда- ние его речи приобретает новое значение: ния языка. объективное содержание сказанного пред- А. А. Леонтьев создал для себя недели- ставлено тем, что имел в виду говорящий, мую концепцию структуры акта языковой что он хотел выразить – почувствовать деятельности, исходя из ряда эксперимен- (понять), для чего он все это сказал. тальных данных анализа и теоретических Предмет снабжен выразительным под- исследований психолингвистов всего мира, текстом. Образующийся таким образом основное место в которых занимает модель личностный контекст определяет смысл порождения речевого высказывания. Ко- высказывания данного человека. Речь пия этого ответа – это пять последователь- обычно должна разрешить какую-то более ных этапов генерации адреса. или менее осознанную говорящим задачу На первом этапе порождения речи и является действием, оказывающим то центральным аспектом высказывания яв- или иное воздействие на тех, к кому она ляется мотив или по-другому этот этап обращена. Нужно понимать, что иногда называют мотивационным. А. А. Леонть- речь – это процесс, которое непроизволь- ев, основываясь на концепции Лурии А. Р. но и определяется не вполне осознанными говорит, что на этом этапе впервые начи- побуждениями. нает происходить выделение темы выска- В заключении можно сказать, что пси- зывания и то, о чем нужно будет говорить. холингвистика является дисциплиной, На втором этапе мотив к речевому изучающей развитие речи, процессы ее действию вызывает к жизни замысел, ко- формирования, а также причины, по кото- торый, в свою очередь, «трансформирует- рым она не развивается нормально. Имен-

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но научные знания, которые вложены в Ф. М. Березин, Б. Н. Головин. – Репр. изд. – эту дисциплину, а также многолетние Москва: Альянс, 2014. – 415, [1] с. 2. Лебединская К. С., Никольская О. С., Баен- опыты работы в данной сфере отече- ская Е. Р., Дети с нарушениями общения: ранний ственных и зарубежных учёных способны детский аутизм. – М. Просвещение. 1989. – 95 с. помочь детям с РАС. 3. 1Шипицина Л. М., Петрова И. Л. Социальная реабилитация детей с аутизмом: Обзор ино- Библиографический список странной литературы // Детский аутизм : хре- стоматия. – СПб., 1997. – 230 с. 1. Учебное пособие для студентов педагогиче- ских институтов по специальности «Русский © Румянцева К. В., Ушакова Е. Л., язык и литература»: [для студентов филологи- ческих и лингвистических специальностей] / 2021.

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Politické vědy

УДК 341.161

SCO AND REGIONAL SECURITY ISSUES IN CENTRAL ASIA

G. T. Ichshanova PhD, law, ass.professor, ORCID 0000-0002-2912-2752, e-mail: [email protected], A. M. Melis Master's degree, ORCID 0000-0003-1779-2078, e-mail: [email protected], University of International Business, Almaty, Kazakhstan

ШОС И ВОПРОСЫ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ

Г. Т. Ищанова Кандидат юридических наук, доцент, ORCID 0000-0002-2912-2752, e-mail: [email protected], А. М. Мелис магистрант, ORCID 0000-0003-1779-2078, e-mail: [email protected], Университет международного бизнеса, Алматы, Казахстан

Abstract. The article examines the SCO's activities today as one of the most effective dialogue platforms between the Central Asian countries, Russia and China on political, socio-economic issues. Kazakhstan and the Central Asian countries can only count on the CSTO's assistance at the moment, and, therefore, the CIS countries need to do everything to revive the work of the CSTO as a structure that acts as a guarantor and mechanism for cooperation in the field of collective security. Keywords: security; SCO; Central Asia; separatism; extremism; terrorism.

Today the SCO has established itself as It is cooperation in the field of security, one of the effective dialogue platforms be- economy, trade and in the humanitarian tween the Central Asian countries, Russia sphere that is the main vectors of the organi- and China on political, socio-economic is- zation's work, where security is in the first sues. Of course, in the first place is the issue place. of maintaining peace and security in the Cen- The reasons for the creation of the SCO tral Asian region. The fundamental principles were two factors – intraregional and geopo- of interaction between the SCO members are: litical. The first group includes the need to not the use of force or the threat of force in create an effective mechanism for resolving the settlement of interstate conflicts; the use border disputes between the countries of the of military forces only in the case of self- Central Asian region after the collapse of the defense; State security is not equal to military USSR in connection with the changed status power; reduction of the army and armaments. of the former Soviet republics.

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The second group includes the strength- In 2005, at the summit in Astana (now ening of the geopolitical positions of major Nursultan – author), a Declaration was players in the international arena, in addition adopted, according to which deadlines were to China and Russia, these are the EU and set for the withdrawal of infrastructure facili- Turkey. ties and the presence of military contingents In accordance with the Declaration on the on the territory of Central Asian countries Establishment of the SCO, the main goals of [2]. At the summit, they proposed to solve this organization were: this problem on a bilateral basis with the  maintaining and ensuring peace and Central Asian countries separately, believing security in the region, that there is pressure on them from Washing-  stable development of the region, ton. In the same year, the military base in  cooperation in the political, econom- Khanabad was closed in Uzbekistan, the Uz- ic, humanitarian and cultural spheres bek side motivated this decision by its own [1]. foreign policy considerations. The SCO member states firmly adhere to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at that moment the goals and principles of the UN Charter in did not go to the dismantling of American building their foreign policy, without com- and French military bases. However, on June mitting illegal actions against each other and 20, 2013, the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan de- third countries. The task was also set to de- nounced an agreement with the United States velop dialogue and partnership with all concerning the use of the Manas airport by states, international and regional organiza- the American military [3]. tions on the basis of universal agreement Today, the United States also shows in- and respect for each other. terest in Tajikistan in connection with the There is also another document that pro- situation in Afghanistan, as some political vides a detailed definition of such phenome- analysts believe, the appearance of American na as "terrorism", "extremism", "separatism", military bases is only a matter of time [4]. that is, for the first time in world history, a Strengthening the authority of the SCO definition of these concepts is given, it con- was facilitated by the awarding of observer tributes to a unified interpretation and appli- status in the SCO at the summit in Astana cation of certain means in counteracting such (Nursultan) to three countries – India, Paki- manifestations ... stan and Iran. At one time, the United States In 2002, the heads of the SCO member attempted to obtain observer status in the states signed the SCO Charter, the RATS SCO, but did not receive support from the Agreement and the Declaration of the Heads organization's members. of State, which became program documents In July 2006, there were 4 observer coun- regulating the legal aspects of cooperation tries in the SCO, and there was a question within the framework of this organization. about their entry into the ranks of the SCO. The created RATS has become a perma- However, the aggravation of the international nent body of the SCO, which contributes to situation in connection with the deployment the improvement of mutual cooperation of of Iran's nuclear program, the issue of mem- states in the fight against terrorism, separa- bership remained unresolved. After that, the tism, extremism and illegal migration, in SCO strategy underwent changes and was close contact with law enforcement agencies aimed at consolidating the inner circle of par- of the countries and special services. ticipants while maintaining the interaction of

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the SCO member states with the Central  Agreement on ensuring the protection Asian region. of classified information. The Bishkek summit in 2007 reaffirmed The peculiarity of the geopolitical loca- its commitment to its goals, as a result of tion of Central Asia is that this region was which a multilateral agreement on long-term close to the places of formation of ISIS, with good-neighborliness, friendship and coopera- the ensuing consequences. To this day, there tion was signed [5]. The Declaration stated is a threat of the penetration of ISIS terrorist that stability and security in Central Asia can groups, and therefore the tasks of the RATS be achieved only by joint efforts of the states have become much more complicated. There of this region on the basis of regional interna- was a need for a quick response to recent tional organizations established in it. events in the world, for taking adequate From 2004 to 2019, a number of large- measures to ensure security directly in the scale military exercises were held under the SCO zone. symbolic name "Peace Mission". Every year RATS reports on its work, re- On August 29, 2014, the largest military acts on time to all events taking place in the exercises in the history of the SCO took world. So on March 6, 2020, the RATS Ex- place in China. They were called Peace Mis- ecutive Committee made a statement in con- sion 2014. nection with the outbreak of the new corona- The official reason for this was the virus. The RATS website has a special sec- planned withdrawal of the Western Alliance tion devoted to anti-terrorist activities, a list troops from Afghanistan. The Peace Mission of persons put on the international wanted 2016 exercise was held in September in the list, suspected of terrorist, separatist and ex- Republic of Kyrgyzstan (Issyk-Kul), where tremist crimes, has been approved. The for- Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and mation of the Unified Investigative Register Tajikistan took part, the exercises were of Security Bodies and Special Services of aimed at eliminating the militants. the SCO Member States has begun [8]. Also in September 2019, the Center-2019 In order to search for persons involved in exercise was held, in which fighters from acts of terrorism, separatism and extremism, eight SCO member states conducted joint the Executive Committee maintains a Unified combat maneuvers to ensure military security Investigative Register, which includes about in the Central Asian region and for the first 3,000 people. time at the training grounds of member states Since 20015, a Table has been developed [6]. The anti-terrorist exercises of the mem- and maintained for the specified category of ber countries of the Shanghai Cooperation persons (more than about 2000 people), Organization (SCO) Peace Mission 2020 will which is associated with the need to ex- be held for the first time at the Yurginsky change operational information regarding training ground in the Kemerovo Region [7]. foreign terrorist fighters taking part in hostili- The role of the RATS has increased in ties on the side of international terrorist or- connection with the intensification of the ganizations [8]. work of the SCO member states in counter- The SCO has the necessary mechanisms ing the challenges of the time. So at the for multi-vector interaction between the Astana summit in 2005 a number of docu- member states in any area. He became rec- ments were signed: ognizable in the international arena, having  Agreement on the data bank of the received the status of an observer at the UN SCO RATS [8]. General Assembly, successfully developing partnerships with many international organi-

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zations, including the CIS, CSTO, EAEU, and Uzbekistan, on the territory of Kazakh- ASEAN, etc. stan, two citizens were detained and deported The Council of Heads of State approved a to Kyrgyzstan, these are the member coun- set of measures for their implementation in tries of the ITO "Zhannat Oshiklari", sent order to successfully resist: from Syria to commit terrorist acts in Central  new challenges and threats posed by Asia [9, p. 18]. the international terrorist organization The destabilization of the situation in the ISIS Central Asian region is associated with the  activities of the international organi- withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan and zation "Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami" the aggravation of the situation in Syria, the  displacement of persons to areas of expansion of the sphere of influence of ISIS high terrorist activity to participate in and other extremist movements. All this cre- terrorist and extremist activities ates a threat to the implementation of many  not to give space for campaigning and projects within the SCO, moreover, the par- recruitment of persons in places of ticipating countries have specific features deprivation of liberty in terrorist and regarding politics, economics, and the prox- extremist organizations imity to conflict zones must also be taken  the spread of radical religious literature into account. Therefore, external threats can  the use of Internet resources by terror- influence the state of affairs in one country or ists, separatists and extremists for another in different ways and destabilize the their own purposes. SCO. In such a situation, a careful, gradual Also carry out work with people who military-political evolution is necessary, it is have returned after participating in armed necessary to strengthen the force component conflicts on the side of international terror- of the organization, which is beneficial to all ists, separatists and extremists. its members. These measures will help the SCO coun- There are all the prerequisites and condi- tries, or rather its competent authorities, to tions for this – the functioning of the RATS, carry out work on the establishment, deten- the annual military exercises "Peace Mis- tion and prosecution and extradition of citi- sion", meetings of defense ministers, the cre- zens involved in terrorism, separatism and ation of a peacekeeping contingent, etc. extremism, to carry out preventive measures. Thus, the SCO is still only a dialogue plat- In 2018 alone, a large number of those form, albeit an efficient one. At the same who intended to leave for Syria to participate time, it loses the opportunity to occupy its in hostilities on the side of the militants were niche in the system of regional organizations detained, and terrorist acts were also prevent- and begin constructive work. The SCO, the ed, which were prepared by citizens of the EAEU and the CSTO overlap in their com- SCO member states who returned from the position and functions, so for many member conflict zone in order to introduce ideas of countries this will not be an unbearable bur- radicalism among their compatriots. The spe- den. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the cial services of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and program documents for repetition and revise, Russia detained 9 members of terrorist if any, up to folding. This will allow us to groups planning terrorist acts in Moscow, face new challenges of the time. including on Victory Day. By joint efforts of An important indicator in this aspect is the national security agencies of Kyrgyzstan the lack of a spirit of unity and corporatism between the SCO members, the desire to find

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a compromise in order to achieve mutually Bibliography beneficial decisions, therefore, the adoption 1. Declaration of the Heads of State of the Shanghai of new members, with their mutual territorial Cooperation Organization of July 6, 2005 / claims, can lead to a weakening of the SCO, http://www.akorda.kz/ru/events/deklaraciya-glav- rather than strengthening. Moreover, the new gosudarstv-chlenov-shanhaiskoi-organizacii- SCO members will consider their participa- sotrudnichestva (date of treatment 11/27/2020) tion not from the standpoint of resolving ex- 2. Five years after the denunciation of the agreement on the US airbase: Afterword or how the geopolit- isting international problems, but the realiza- ical context has changed / tion of their national interests. There are no https://knews.kg/2018/06/25/pyat-let-posle- special forces and a coordination headquar- vyvoda-aviabazy-ssha-iz-kyrgyzstana- ters, and real international interaction of the posleslovie- ili-kak-izmenilsya-geopoliticheskij- SCO member states is carried out on a bilat- kontekst / (date of treatment 11/28/2020) 3. The United States is showing a military interest in eral basis, led by Russia and China. Tajikistan / http://www.ng.ru/cis/2017-03- It is not unimportant for us that the na- 27/1_6958_usa.html (date of treatment tional security of the country directly de- 04/27/2020) pends on the level of cooperation with inter- 4. Treaty on long-term good-neighborliness, friend- national structures and the climate of rela- ship and cooperation of the SCO member states (16.08.2007) / http://infoshos.ru/ru/?id=22 (date tions between these structures. Kazakhstan of treatment 11.30.2020) and the countries of Central Asia at the mo- 5. Agreement on Long-term Good Neighborliness, ment can only rely on the help of the CSTO, Friendship and Cooperation of the SCO Member and, therefore, the CIS countries need to do States (16.08.2007) / http://infoshos.ru/ru/?id=22 everything in order to revive the work of the (date of treatment 11.29.2020) 6. The exercises of the SCO countries - a new for- CSTO as a structure acting as a guarantor mat of military cooperation / and mechanism of cooperation in the field of https://interaffairs.ru/news/show/23514 (date of collective security. treatment 11/29/2020) The problems of ensuring regional securi- 7. The SCO exercises Peaceful Mission 2020 will be ty can be overcome only with close military held for the first time on the territory of Siberia / https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.h cooperation between the countries of the re- tm?id=12269582@egNews (date of treatment gion. Therefore, the question of returning to 12/30/2020) the almost forgotten consolidating projects in 8. Agreement on the databank of the Regional Anti- a new format or creating fundamentally Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation modernized projects in the face of the latest Organization / http://docs.cntd.ru/document/456089241 (date of threats and challenges of our time remains treatment 12/30/2020) highly relevant. 9. Chukalova R.R. Military-political cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the CIS countries in the light of new challenges // Abstract of a dissertation ... degree of doctor (PhD). - Astana, 2019 - 30 p.

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RULES FOR AUTHORS Articles are to be sent in electronic for- The size of the article is 4–15 pages. The mat to e-mail: [email protected]. Page registration form is placed after the text of format: A4 (210x297mm). Margins: top, bot- the article and is not included in its total vol- tom, right – 2 cm, left – 3 cm. The text ume. The name of the file should be given in should be typed in 14 point font Times New Russian letters and consists of the conference Roman, 1.5 spaced, indented line – 1.25, code and initials and family name of the first Normal style. The title is typed in bold capi- author, for ex-ample: PP-German P. The tal letters; central alignment. The second line payment confir-mation should be scanned comprises the initials and the family name of and e-mailed, it should be entitled, for exam- the author(s); central alignment. The third ple PP-German P receipt. line comprises the name of the organization, Materials should be prepared in Microsoft city, country; central alignment. The method- Word, thoroughly proofread and edited. ical articles should indicate discipline and specialization of students for which these Informathion about the authors materials are developed. After a blank line the name of the article in English is printed. Family name, first name On the next line the name of the authors in Title, specialization English is printed. Next line name of the Place of employment work place, city and country in English. Af- Position ter one line space comes the abstract in Eng- ORCID lish (600–800 characters) and a list of key Contact address (with postal code) words (5–10) in English. The text itself is Mobile phone number typed after one line space. Graphs, figures, E-mail charts are included in the body of the article The required number of printed copies and count in its total volume. References should be given in square brackets. Bibliog- raphy comes after the text as a numbered list, in alphabetical order, one item per number. References should be inserted manually. Footnotes are not acceptable.

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ПРАВИЛА ДЛЯ АВТОРОВ

Материалы представляются в электрон- рядке, одному номеру соответствует 1 ис- ном виде на е-mail: [email protected]. точник. Ссылки расставляются вручную. Каждая статья должна иметь УДК. Фор- При необходимости допускают подстроч- мат страницы А4 (210x297 мм). Поля: ные сноски. Они должны быть оформлены верхнее, нижнее и правое – 2 см, левое – таким же шрифтом, как и основной текст. 3 см; интервал полуторный; отступ – 1,25; Объем статьи может составлять 6–15 стра- размер (кегль) – 14; тип – Times New ниц. Сведения об авторе располагаются Roman, стиль – Обычный. Название печа- после текста статьи и не учитывается при тается прописными буквами, шрифт жир- подсчете объема публикации. Авторы, не ный, выравнивание по центру. На второй имеющие ученой степени, предоставляют строчке печатаются инициалы и фамилия отзыв научного руководителя или выпис- автора(ов), выравнивание по центру. На ку заседания кафедры о рекомендации третьей строчке – полное название орга- статьи к публикации. низации, город, страна, e-mail, выравни- Материалы должны быть подготовле- вание по центру. После пропущенной ны в текстовом редакторе Microsoft Word, строки печатается название на английском тщательно выверены и отредактированы. языке. На следующей строке фамилия ав- Имя файла, отправляемого по е-mail, торов на английском. Далее название ор- иметь вид ПП-ФИО, например: ПП- ганизации, город и страна на английском Петров ИВ или PP-German P. Файл со языке, e-mail. В статьях на английском статьей должен быть с расширением doc языке дублировать название, автора и ме- или docx. сто работы автора на другом языке не надо. После пропущенной строки следует Сведения об авторе аннотация на английском (600–800 зна- Фамилия, имя, отчество ков) и ключевые слова (5–10) на англий- Ученая степень, специальность ском языке. После пропущенной строки Ученое звание печатается текст статьи. Графики, рисун- Место работы ки, таблицы вставляются, как внедренный Должность объект должны входить в общий объем Домашний адрес с индексом тезисов. Номера библиографических ссы- Сотовый телефон лок в тексте даются в квадратных скобках, Е-mail а их список – в конце текста со сплошной Необходимое количество печатных нумерацией. Источники и литература в экземпляров списке перечисляются в алфавитном по-

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ПЛАН МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЙ, ПРОВОДИМЫХ ВУЗАМИ РОССИИ, АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА, АРМЕНИИ, БОЛГАРИИ, БЕЛОРУССИИ, КАЗАХСТАНА, УЗБЕКИСТАНА И ЧЕХИИ НА БАЗЕ VĚDECKO VYDAVATELSKÉ CENTRUM «SOCIOSFÉRA-CZ» В 2021 ГОДУ

Дата Название 25–26 февраля 2021 г. Экологическое образование и экологическая культура населения 1–2 марта 2021 г. Национальные культуры в социальном пространстве и времени 3–4 марта 2021 г. Современные философские парадигмы: взаимодействие традиций и иннова- ционные подходы 15–16 марта 2021 г. Социально-экономическое развитие и качество жизни: история и современность 20–21 марта 2021 г. Гуманизация обучения и воспитания в системе образования: теория и практика 25–26 марта 2021 г. Актуальные вопросы теории и практики филологических исследований 29–30 марта 2021 г. Развитие личности: психологические основы и социальные условия 5–6 апреля 2021 г. Народы Евразии: история, культура и проблемы взаимодействия 10–11 апреля 2021 г. Проблемы и перспективы развития профессионального образования в XXI веке 15–16 апреля 2021 г. Информационно-коммуникационное пространство и человек 18–19 апреля 2021 г. Актуальные аспекты педагогики и психологии начального образования 20–21 апреля 2021 г. Здоровье человека как проблема медицинских и социально-гуманитарных наук 22–23 апреля 2021 г. Социально-культурные институты в современном мире 25–26 апреля 2021 г. Детство, отрочество и юность в контексте научного знания 28–29 апреля 2021 г. Культура, цивилизация, общество: парадигмы исследования и тенденции взаимодействия 2–3 мая 2021 г. Современные технологии в системе дополнительного и профессионального образования 10–11 мая 2021 г. Риски и безопасность в интенсивно меняющемся мире 13–14 мая 2021 г. Культура толерантности в контексте процессов глобализации: методология исследования, реалии и перспективы 15–16 мая 2021 г. Психолого-педагогические проблемы личности и социального взаимодействия 20–21 мая 2021 г. Текст. Произведение. Читатель 25–26 мая 2021 г. Инновационные процессы в экономической, социальной и духовной сферах жизни общества 1–2 июня 2021 г. Социально-экономические проблемы современного общества 10–11 сентября 2021 г. Проблемы современного образования 15–16 сентября 2021 г. Новые подходы в экономике и управлении 20–21 сентября 2021 г. Традиционная и современная культура: история, актуальное положение и перспективы 25–26 сентября 2021 г. Проблемы становления профессионала: теоретические принципы анализа и практические решения 28–29 сентября 2021 г. Этнокультурная идентичность – фактор самосознания общества в условиях глобализации 1–2 октября 2021 г. Иностранный язык в системе среднего и высшего образования 12–13 октября 2020 г. Информатизация высшего образования: современное состояние и перспек- тивы развития 13–14 октября 2021 г. Цели, задачи и ценности воспитания в современных условиях 15–16 октября 2021 г. Личность, общество, государство, право: проблемы соотношения и взаимо- действия 17–18 октября 2021 г. Тенденции развития современной лингвистики в эпоху глобализации

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20–21 октября 2021 г. Современная возрастная психология: основные направления и перспективы исследования 25–26 октября 2021 г. Социально-экономическое, социально-политическое и социокультурное раз- витие регионов 1–2 ноября 2021 г. Религия – наука – общество: проблемы и перспективы взаимодействия 3–4 ноября 2021 г. Профессионализм учителя в информационном обществе: проблемы форми- рования и совершенствования. 7–8 ноября 2021 г. Классическая и современная литература: преемственность и перспективы обновления 15–16 ноября 2021 г. Проблемы развития личности: многообразие подходов 20–21 ноября 2021 г. Подготовка конкурентоспособного специалиста как цель современного об- разования 25–26 ноября 2021 г. История, языки и культуры славянских народов: от истоков к грядущему 1–2 декабря 2021 г. Практика коммуникативного поведения в социально-гуманитарных иссле- дованиях 3–4 декабря 2021 г. Проблемы и перспективы развития экономики и управления 5–6 декабря 2021 г. Безопасность человека и общества как проблема социально-гуманитарных наук

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О НАУЧНЫХ ЖУРНАЛАХ

Название Профиль Периодич- Наукометрические базы Импакт-фактор ность Научно-методический и Социально- Март,  РИНЦ (Россия),  Global Impact теоретический журнал гуманитарный июнь,  Directory of open acсess Factor – 1,721, «Социосфера» сентябрь, journals (Швеция),  РИНЦ – 0,075. декабрь  Open Academic Journal Index (Россия),  Research Bible (Китай),  Global Impact factor (Ав- стралия),  Scientific Indexing Services (США),  Cite Factor (Канада),  International Society for Research Activity Journal Impact Factor (Индия),  General Impact Factor (Ин- дия),  Scientific Journal Impact Factor (Индия),  Universal Impact Factor Чешский научный Мультидисци- Февраль,  Research Bible (Китай),  Global Impact журнал плинарный май,  Scientific Indexing Services Factor – 0,915 «Paradigmata август, (США), poznání» ноябрь  Cite Factor(Канада),  General Impact Factor (Ин- дия),  Scientific Journal Impact Factor (Индия) Чешский научный Экономический Март,  Research Bible (Китай), журнал июнь,  Scientific Indexing Services «Ekonomické trendy» сентябрь, (США), декабрь  General Impact Factor (Ин- дия) Чешский научный Педагогический Февраль,  Research Bible (Китай), журнал май,  Scientific Indexing Services «Aktuální pedagogika» август, (США) ноябрь Чешский научный Март,  Research Bible (Китай), Психологический журнал июнь,  Scientific Indexing Services «Akademická сентябрь, (США) psychologie» декабрь Чешский научный и Февраль,  Research Bible (Китай), Социологический практический журнал май,  Scientific Indexing Services

«Sociologie člověka» август, (США) ноябрь Чешский научный и Филологический Февраль,  Research Bible (Китай), аналитический журнал май,  Scientific Indexing Services «Filologické август, (США) vědomosti» ноябрь

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ИЗДАТЕЛЬСКИЕУСЛУГИНИЦ «СОЦИОСФЕРА» – VĚDECKO VYDAVATELSKÉ CENTRUM «SOCIOSFÉRA-CZ»

Научно-издательский центр «Социосфера» приглашает к сотрудничеству всех же- лающих подготовить и издать книги и брошюры любого вида:

. учебные пособия, . авторефераты, . диссертации, . монографии, . книги стихов и прозы и др.

Книги могут быть изданы в Чехии (в выходных данных издания будет значиться – Прага: Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ») или в России (в выходных данных издания будет значиться – Пенза: Научно-издательский центр «Социосфера»)

Мы осуществляем следующие виды работ. . редактирование и корректура текста (исправление орфографических, пунктуаци- онных и стилистических ошибок), . изготовление оригинал-макета, . дизайн обложки, . присвоение ISBN, . печать тиража в типографии, . обязательная отсылка 5 экземпляров в ведущие библиотеки Чехии или 16 экзем- пляров в Российскую книжную палату, . отсылка книг автору.

Возможен заказ как отдельных услуг, так как полного комплекса.

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021

PUBLISHING SERVICES OF THE SCIENCE PUBLISHING CENTRE «SOCIOSPHERE» – VĚDECKO VYDAVATELSKÉ CENTRUM «SOCIOSFÉRA-CZ»

The science publishing centre «Sociosphere» offers co-operation to everybody in preparing and publishing books and brochures of any kind: . training manuals; . autoabstracts; . dissertations; . monographs; . books of poetry and prose, etc.

Books may be published in the Czech Republic (in the output of the publication will be registered Prague: Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ») or in Russia (in the output of the publication will be registered Пенза: Научно-издательский центр «Социосфера»)

We carry out the following activities: . Editing and proofreading of the text (correct spelling, punctuation and stylistic errors), . Making an artwork, . Cover design, . ISBN assignment, . Print circulation in typography, . delivery of required copies to the Russian Central Institute of Bibliography or leading libraries of Czech Republic, . sending books to the author by the post.

It is possible to order different services as well as the full range.

Paradigmata poznání. 1. 2021 52

Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ», s.r.o. Academia Rerum Civilium – Vysoká škola politických a společenských věd

PARADIGMATA POZNÁNÍ

Interdisciplinární vědecký časopis

№ 1, 2021

Šéfredaktorka – Ilona G. Dorošina

Názory vyjádřené v této publikaci jsou názory autora a nemusí nutně odrážet stanovisko vydavatele. Autoři odpovídají za správnost publikovaných textů – fakta, čísla, citace, statistiky, vlastní jména a další informace.

Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reﬂect the opinion of the publisher. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of cited publications, facts, ﬁgures, quotations, statistics, proper names and other information.

Redaktorka – Ž. V. Kuznecova Produkce – I. G. Balašova

Podepsáno v tisku 18.02.2021. 60×84/8 ve formátu. Psaní bílý papír. Vydavate llistů 5. 100 kopií.

Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ», s.r.o.: U dálnice 815/6, 155 00, Praha 5 – Stodůlky, Česká republika IČО 29133947 Tel. +420773177857 web site: http://sociosphera.com e-mail: [email protected]