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Comparison of Diverging Diamond Interchange and Partial Cloverleaf

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Comparison of Diverging Diamond Interchange and Partial Cloverleaf COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE DIVERGING DIAMOND INTERCHANGE AND PARTIAL CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE USING MICROSIMULATION MODELING by Borja Galletebeitia A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The College of Engineering and Computer Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL December 2011 Copyright by Borja Galletebeitia 2011 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Evangelos I. Kaisar, for guiding and helping me throughout this process and for allowing me to be part of his transportation research group. Dr. Kaisar’s knowledge and oversight were vital for the completion of this thesis. I would also like to acknowledge and thank Gilbert Chlewicki and Dr. Joe Bared for their suggestions and inputs in this research. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Stevanovic, Dr. K. Sobhan and Ms. J. Rodriguez-Seda for being part of my thesis committee and for sparing their invaluable time reviewing and providing comments on my thesis. I also would like to thank all my family for believing, encouraging and supporting me at every step in my life. Without them, nothing in my life would have been possible. I also would like to thank everyone in the transportation group who helped me throughout this process, especially Nikola Mitrovic, Ionnis Psarros, Dusan Milosija Jolovic, Alicia Benazir Portal, Yueqiong Zhao, Alexandra Suzanne Johnsen and Mary Anise. Finally I want to show my gratitude to my twin brother who has always been very supportive of me, and has made this whole experience a much better one. iv ABSTRACT Author: Borja Galletebeitia Title: “Comparative Analysis between the Diverging Diamond Interchange and the Partial Cloverleaf Interchange using Micro- Simulation Modeling” Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisors: Dr. Evangelos I. Kaisar Degree: Master of Science Year: 2011 In the last decades, population growth has been outpacing transportation infrastructure growth, and today’s transportation professionals are challenged to meet the mobility needs of an increasing population. The effectiveness of the transportation system is an essential constituent of people’s daily lives as they commute between different points of interest. Studies show that at many highway junctions, congestion continues to worsen, and drivers are experiencing greater delays and higher risk exposures. Engineers have very little resources to handle this increase in population. One solution to resolve and alleviate congestion due to increasing traffic volumes and travel demands relies in implementing alternative designs. This approach will help traffic engineers determine which design will be the most appropriate for a particular location. This study compares and evaluates the Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI), which is an unconventional design, to Partial Cloverleaf (ParClo) types A4 and B4 interchange v designs by evaluating different Measure of Effectiveness (MOEs). Using micro- simulation platform AIMSUN, each interchange type was evaluated for low, medium and high traffic flows. The analysis revealed that the DDI with four through lanes performed better than the ParClo A4 for unbalanced conditions, the DDI with six though lanes had similar results as the ParClo B4 for very high volumes. In terms of queue, the DDI design had a much better performance. The results from the analysis help in providing guidelines to the decision makers for selecting the best alternative in terms of performance. vi DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my entire family, especially to my mom and my uncle, for their love, support and encouragement throughout all these years and also because they always made me believe I could accomplish anything I set my mind to. I will always be grateful. “Thank you” vi COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE DIVERGING DIAMOND INTERCHANGE AND PARTIAL CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE USING MICROSIMULATION MODELING LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 Motivation ....................................................................................................................... 2 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................... 5 Overview of Approach .................................................................................................... 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 14 Diverging Diamond Interchange ................................................................................... 14 Partial Cloverleaf ........................................................................................................... 25 Guidelines for Selecting Interchange Type ................................................................... 28 Micro-simulation Platform ............................................................................................ 28 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 30 Interchange Background ............................................................................................... 32 Diverging Diamond Interchange ............................................................................... 32 vii Partial Cloverleaf ....................................................................................................... 35 Experimental Design ..................................................................................................... 44 Microsimulation Platform.......................................................................................... 44 Measures of Effectiveness ......................................................................................... 47 Geometrical Features ................................................................................................. 49 Safety Analysis .......................................................................................................... 53 Signal Settings and Signal Optimization tool ............................................................ 55 Traffic Volume Scenarios .......................................................................................... 63 Model inputs and development.................................................................................. 67 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ........................................................................................... 71 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 94 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORKS ......................................................... 97 APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................... 99 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 101 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Projected Vehicle Miles of Travel, 2004-2055 (AASHTO, 2007) ...................... 6 Figure 2 Diverging Diamond Interchange (Chlewicki, 2003) .......................................... 15 Figure 3 Layout of a Diverging Diamond Interchange Design (Bared et. al., 2005) ....... 17 Figure 4 Signal Settings for a DDI (Bared et. al., 2005) .................................................. 18 Figure 5 Conflict Points for a) DDI, b) Diamond Interchange and c) SPUI .................... 20 Figure 6 Traffic Volumes (Speth et. al., 2008) ................................................................. 21 Figure 7 Six Common Types of ParClos (Zhang et. al., 2010) ........................................ 26 Figure 8 Phasing Scheme for ParClo a) Types A and b) Type B (Zhang et. al., 2010) ... 27 Figure 9 Methodology Procedure ..................................................................................... 31 Figure 10 First U.S. Diamond Diverging Interchange (Chlewicki, 2010) ........................ 33 Figure 11 Crossover Movements in a DDI Interchange (Bared, 2009) ............................ 35 Figure 12 Six Types of Partial Cloverleaf (Zhang et. al., 2010) ...................................... 36 Figure 13 ParClo A4 (MnDOT, 2001) .............................................................................. 38 Figure 14 A ParClo A4 Type Interchange on the Highway 407 Electronic Toll Route in Ontario (www.canadiandesignresource.ca, 2009) ...................................39 Figure 15 ParClo B4 (MnDOT, 2001) .............................................................................. 40 ix Figure 16 A ParClo B4 Type Interchange in Woodhaven Wayne, MI ............................. 42 Figure 17 AutoCAD Drawing for the Diverging Diamond Interchange .......................... 50 Figure 18 AutoCAD Drawing for ParClo A4 ................................................................... 51 Figure 19 AutoCAD Drawing for ParClo B4 ................................................................... 52 Figure 20 Diverging Diamond Interchange Conflict Points ............................................. 53 Figure 21 ParClo A4 Conflict Points
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