DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation and Identification of Potentially Pathogenic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isolation and Identification of Potentially Pathogenic microorganisms Article Isolation and Identification of Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Dental Caries in Human Teeth Biofilms Xiuqin Chen, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri , Ramachandran Chelliah and Deog-Hwan Oh * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (E.B.-M.D.); [email protected] (R.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 September 2020; Accepted: 15 October 2020; Published: 16 October 2020 Abstract: Dental caries is attributed to the predominance of cariogenic microorganisms. Cariogenic microorganisms are pathological factors leading to acidification of the oral microenvironment, which is related to the initiation and progression of caries. The accepted cariogenic microorganism is Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, studies have found that caries could occur in the absence of S. mutans. This study aimed to assess the presence of potentially cariogenic microorganisms in human teeth biofilm. The microorganisms were isolated from human mouth and freshly extracted human maxillary incisors extracted for reasons of caries. The isolates were sorted based on their acidogenic and aciduric properties, and the S. mutans was used as the reference strain. Four potentially cariogenic strains were selected. The selected strains were identified as Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides), and Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei) through morphological analysis followed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The cariogenicity of isolates was analyzed. We show, for the first time, an association between L. sakei (present in fermented food) and dental caries. The data provide useful information on the role of lactic acid bacteria from fermented foods and oral commensal streptococci in dental caries. Keywords: cariogenic microorganisms; isolation; cariogenic potential; dental caries 1. Introduction Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease in which the cariogenic bacterial group is a limited subset of the many species found in biofilms on the surface of the tooth [1]. Caries results in the damage of the calcified structure of the dental apatite (tooth enamel). Despite the numerous efforts made by scientists to simulate the biomineralized crystallization–amorphous boundary of hard tissue in nature and to induce the epitaxial growth of enamel with current technology, damage of tooth enamel is irreversible [2,3]. Dental caries is a preventable disease that places a considerable burden on the economy and quality-of-life [1]. The data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) confirmed that untreated permanent dental caries remains the most common health condition globally in 2015 (34.1 percent) [4]. The GBD latest study in 2017 estimates that 3.5 billion people worldwide are affected by oral diseases, with untreated dental caries is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases worldwide [5]. Besides, increasing evidence suggests that dental caries may has adverse effects on cardiovascular diseases [6], such as coronary heart disease [7], hypertension [8], and arteriosclerosis [9]. Furthermore, an association between dental caries and pregnancy outcomes has been identified [10]. Therefore, tooth-preserving preventive care must be taken seriously. At present, the accepted etiology of caries is a four-factor theory that includes oral microorganisms, oral environment, host, and time. Long-term changes in the availability of microbial metabolic Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1596; doi:10.3390/microorganisms8101596 www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms Microorganisms 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 12 MicroorganismsAt present,2020, 8,the 1596 accepted etiology of caries is a four-factor theory that includes 2oral of 12 microorganisms, oral environment, host, and time. Long-term changes in the availability of microbial metabolic substrates may change the ecological balance of the microbiome [11]. Frequent intake of sugarssubstrates results may in saccharification change the ecological (acid production) balance of by the oral microbiome microbes. [There11]. Frequentis evidence intake to suggest of sugars that sugarresults supplementation in saccharification can (acid disrupt production) the homeos by oral microbes.tasis between There acid-producing is evidence to suggest and none-acid- that sugar producingsupplementation microorganisms can disrupt [12]. the S. homeostasismutans has been between a major acid-producing focus in the etiology and none-acid-producing of dental caries, it hasmicroorganisms long been considered [12]. S. mutans as a pathogenichas been a bacteria major focus of dental in the caries, etiology because of dental it not caries, only itproduces has long lactic been acidconsidered but also as grows a pathogenic at low pH. bacteria However, of dental S. mutan caries,s becausewas not itdetected not only in produces 10 to 20 lacticpercent acid of but dental also cariesgrows patients, at low pH. so However,it is now clearS. mutans that S.was mutans notdetected is not the in only 10 to pathogenic 20 percent bacterium of dental caries related patients, to the etiologyso it is now of dental clear that cariesS. mutans[13]. Ais meta not thegenetic only analysis pathogenic data bacterium have shown related that to caries the etiology is caused of dentalby an overallcaries [change13]. A metain the genetic composition analysis of the data oral have microbiome shown that [14]. caries In the is absence caused byof S. an mutans overall, other change acid- in producingthe composition species of could the oral perform microbiome the cariogenic [14]. In the functi absenceon [15,16]. of S. mutans Therefore,, other to acid-producingprevent dental speciescaries, itcould is necessary perform to the control cariogenic cariogenic function microorganisms [15,16]. Therefore, (including to prevent but not dentallimited caries, to S. mutans it is necessary). Evidence to iscontrol emerging cariogenic that acid-producing microorganisms bacterial (including species but other not limited than S. to mutansS. mutans, species). Evidence of the genera is emerging Veillonella that [17],acid-producing Scardovia [18], bacterial Lactobacillus species [19], other Propionibacterium than S. mutans, species [20], and of thelow-pH genera non-VeillonellaS. mutans[17 streptococci], Scardovia [21][18], presentLactobacillus in dental[19], biofilm,Propionibacterium as colonizers[20], may and result low-pH in cariogenic non-S. mutans conditions streptococci in the[21 mouth.] present in dental biofilm,Pathogenic as colonizers factors may of oral result micr inoorganisms cariogenic conditions play key roles in the in mouth.caries development. The coalition of multiplePathogenic pathogenic factors microorganisms of oral microorganisms contributes play to initiate key roles and in advanced caries development. disease. The The composing coalition of of oralmultiple microbiota pathogenic can microorganismseasily change contributesby diet and to initiateenvironment and advanced [22]. Acidogenic disease. The and composing aciduric microorganismsof oral microbiota in the can tooth easily biofilm change play by an diet import and environmentant role in the [22 pathogenesis]. Acidogenic of dental and aciduric caries. Studiesmicroorganisms on the potential in the toothcariogenicity biofilm of play those an importantmicroorganisms role in could the pathogenesisprovide a scientific of dental reference caries. forStudies the prevention on the potential and treatment cariogenicity of dental of those caries. microorganisms It is still a far way could to provide fully understand a scientific due reference to the complexityfor the prevention of oral bacterial and treatment commu ofnity dental dynamics. caries. There It is stillis no a reference far way todemonstrating fully understand the specific due to definitionthe complexity of cariogenic of oral bacterial oral microorganisms. community dynamics. In our study, There acidogenic is no reference and demonstratingaciduric microorganisms the specific weredefinition isolated of cariogenic from the different oral microorganisms. niche of individual In ours study, (the number acidogenic of the and people aciduric with microorganisms caries: 7; the numberwere isolated of caries-free from thepeople: different 11; the niche number of individualsof infected teeth: (the number18), and the of thedata people showed with that caries:potential 7; pathogenicthe number bacteria of caries-free were presented people: 11; in theall groups number of of samples infected (caries, teeth: caries-free, 18), and the and data infected showed tooth). that Furthermore,potential pathogenic the cariogenicit bacteriay were of isolates presented was in measured. all groups of samples (caries, caries-free, and infected tooth). Furthermore, the cariogenicity of isolates was measured. 2. Materials and Methods 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Isolation and Identification of Potentially Cariogenic Microorganisms 2.1. Isolation and Identification of Potentially Cariogenic Microorganisms The process of isolation and screening of strains is shown in Figure 1. The process of isolation and screening of strains is shown in Figure1. Figure 1. The process of isolation and screening of potentially cariogenic microorganisms in human Figure 1. The process of isolation and screening of potentially cariogenic microorganisms in human teeth biofilms.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio In
    microorganisms Review The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease Spase Stojanov 1,2, Aleš Berlec 1,2 and Borut Štrukelj 1,2,* 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Correspondence: borut.strukelj@ffa.uni-lj.si Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 31 October 2020; Published: 1 November 2020 Abstract: The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial. The most commonly tested probiotics for modifying the F/B ratio and treating obesity and IBD are from the genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review the effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efficacy and Tolerability of Streptococcus Salivarius 24SMB
    European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2019; 23(1 Suppl.): 67-72 The efficacy and tolerability of Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a administered as nasal spray in the treatment of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children D. PASSALI1, G.C. PASSALI2, E. VESPERINI3, S. COCCA3, I.C. VISCONTI4, M. RALLI4, L.M. BELLUSSI1 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, ENT Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy 2ENT Clinic, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy 3Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy 4Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Abstract. – OBJECTIVE: Nasal administration Key Words of Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Strepto- Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB, Streptococcus ora- coccus oralis 89a has been proposed to reduce lis 89 a, Pharyngitis, Adenotonsillitis, Acute otitis media. the risk of new episodes of adenoiditis, tonsillitis and acute rhinosinusitis in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 202 List of Abbreviations children with a recent diagnosis of recurrent upper URT: upper respiratory tract; TLR: Toll-like Receptors; respiratory tract infection. All the patients were COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; LPS: treated twice daily for 7 days each month for 3 lipopolysaccharide; AOM: acute otitis media. consecutive months with a nasal spray whose active agents were two specific bacterial strains: Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococ- cus oralis 89a. Evaluation was performed at the end of treatment and at follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. Introduction RESULTS: Patients who completed the entire 90-day course of bacteriotherapy and the follow-up period showed a 64.3% reduction in their episodes The capability of microbes to adapt to their of upper respiratory tract infections compared to environment is evident in the human body as in the number of episodes recorded in the previous other living organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Note on the Genus Lactobacillus
    Taxonomic Description template 1 A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: 2 Description of 23 novel genera, emended description 3 of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union 4 of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae 5 Jinshui Zheng1, $, Stijn Wittouck2, $, Elisa Salvetti3, $, Charles M.A.P. Franz4, Hugh M.B. Harris5, Paola 6 Mattarelli6, Paul W. O’Toole5, Bruno Pot7, Peter Vandamme8, Jens Walter9, 10, Koichi Watanabe11, 12, 7 Sander Wuyts2, Giovanna E. Felis3, #*, Michael G. Gänzle9, 13#*, Sarah Lebeer2 # 8 '© [Jinshui Zheng, Stijn Wittouck, Elisa Salvetti, Charles M.A.P. Franz, Hugh M.B. Harris, Paola 9 Mattarelli, Paul W. O’Toole, Bruno Pot, Peter Vandamme, Jens Walter, Koichi Watanabe, Sander 10 Wuyts, Giovanna E. Felis, Michael G. Gänzle, Sarah Lebeer]. 11 The definitive peer reviewed, edited version of this article is published in International Journal of 12 Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 13 1Huazhong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key 14 Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. 15 2Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience 16 Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 17 3 Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy 18 4 Max Rubner‐Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kiel, Germany 19 5 School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland 20 6 University of Bologna, Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Bologna, Italy 21 7 Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit 22 Brussel, Brussels, Belgium 23 8 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, 24 Belgium 25 9 Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 26 10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 27 11 National Taiwan University, Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Streptococcus Salivarius Meningitis in Immunocompetent
    ISSN: 2643-4008 Elsawy et al. Int Arch Med Microbiol 2018, 1:004 Volume 1 | Issue 1 Open Access International Archives of Medical Microbiology CASE REPORT Streptococcus salivarius Meningitis in Immunocompetent: A Case Report Abdelrahman M Elsawy1*, Hani S Faidah2 and Elrashdy M Redwan3 1Department of Microbiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Egypt Check for 2Department of Microbiology, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia updates 3Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: Elsawy AM, Department of Microbiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; P.O. Box 13765, Makkah 21599, Saudi Arabia, Tel: 00966555-38337, E-mail: [email protected] is a Joint commission international (JCI) accredited, Abstract with a history of high grade of fever 2 days ago, inter- Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius) is a rare cause of pu- rulent meningitis. We report a case of meningitis due to S. mittent, relieved by paracetamol, severe headache and salivarius in 15-years-old Sudanese boy. Diagnosis was es- generalized fatigability. On day of admission, he devel- tablished based on Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. The oped one episode of tonic clonic convulsion at home patient responded well to systemic antibiotics and recovered and three times in emergency room. He was intubated completely without any neurological complications after proper and admitted in ICU. supportive measures. In this patient the meningitis caused by S. salivarius was thought to be spontaneous. The importance Assessment of vital signs on presentation revealed of bacteriological diagnosis and proper antibiotic treatment for a temperature of 39.2 °C, pulse of 112 beats per min- S. salivarius meningitis is discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Trends of Enterococci in Dairy Products: a Comprehensive Review of Their Multiple Roles
    foods Review Current Trends of Enterococci in Dairy Products: A Comprehensive Review of Their Multiple Roles Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius 1,2,* , Bruna Sgardioli 1,2 , Sandra P. A. Câmara 1,2, Patrícia Poeta 3,4 and Francisco Xavier Malcata 5,6,* 1 Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (S.P.A.C.) 2 Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal 3 Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; [email protected] 4 Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal 5 LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 420-465 Porto, Portugal 6 FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.d.L.E.D.); [email protected] (F.X.M.) Abstract: As a genus that has evolved for resistance against adverse environmental factors and that readily exchanges genetic elements, enterococci are well adapted to the cheese environment and may reach high numbers in artisanal cheeses. Their metabolites impact cheese flavor, texture, Citation: Dapkevicius, M.d.L.E.; and rheological properties, thus contributing to the development of its typical sensorial properties. Sgardioli, B.; Câmara, S.P.A.; Poeta, P.; Due to their antimicrobial activity, enterococci modulate the cheese microbiota, stimulate autoly- Malcata, F.X.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Gasseri SBT2055 Is Effective In
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 is effective in preventing Porphyromonas Received: 23 June 2015 Accepted: 7 March 2017 gingivalis-accelerated periodontal Published: xx xx xxxx disease R. Kobayashi1, T. Kobayashi2, F. Sakai3, T. Hosoya3, M. Yamamoto1 & T. Kurita-Ochiai1 Probiotics have been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. However, the effect of orally intubated probiotics on oral disease remains unclear. We assessed the potential of oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) for Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. LG2055 treatment significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, detachment and disorganization of the periodontal ligament, and bacterial colonization by subsequent P. gingivalis challenge. Furthermore, the expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in gingival tissue was significantly decreased in LG2055-administered mice after bacterial infection. Conversely, mouse β-defensin-14 (mBD-14) mRNA and its peptide products were significantly increased in distant mucosal components as well as the intestinal tract to which LG2055 was introduced. Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α production from THP-1 monocytes stimulated with P. gingivalis antigen was significantly reduced by the addition of humanβ -defensin-3. These results suggest that gastrically administered LG2055 can enhance immunoregulation followed by periodontitis prevention in oral mucosa via the gut immune system; i.e., the possibility of homing in innate immunity. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is one of the major pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis, a disease that causes the destruction of alveolar bone, and, as a consequence, tooth loss1. Recent evidence suggests that this bacterium contributes to periodontitis by functioning as a keystone pathogen2, 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactobacillus Sakei 1 and Its Bacteriocin Influence
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Food Control 22 (2011) 1404e1407 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodcont Lactobacillus sakei 1 and its bacteriocin influence adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel surface Lizziane K. Winkelströter, Bruna C. Gomes, Marta R.S. Thomaz, Vanessa M. Souza, Elaine C.P. De Martinis* Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Listeria monocytogenes is of particular concern for the food industry due to its psychrotolerant and Received 31 August 2010 ubiquitous nature. In this work, the ability of L. monocytogenes culturable cells to adhere to stainless steel Received in revised form coupons was studied in co-culture with the bacteriocin-producing food isolate Lactobacillus sakei 1as 11 February 2011 well as in the presence of the cell-free neutralized supernatant of L. sakei 1 (CFSN-S1) containing sakacin Accepted 22 February 2011 1. Results were compared with counts obtained using a non bacteriocin-producing strain (L. sakei ATCC 15521) and its bacteriocin free supernatant (CFSN-SA). Culturable adherent L. monocytogenes and lac- Keywords: tobacilli cells were enumerated respectively on PALCAM and MRS agars at 3-h intervals for up to 12 h and Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus sakei after 24 and 48 h of incubation. Bacteriocin activity was evaluated by critical dilution method. After 6 h of Adhesion incubation, the number of adhered L.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacteriocin‐Like Inhibitory Activities of Seven Lactobacillus Delbrueckii
    Letters in Applied Microbiology ISSN 0266-8254 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bacteriocin-like inhibitory activities of seven Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains against antibiotic susceptible and resistant Helicobacter pylori strains L. Boyanova, G. Gergova, R. Markovska, D. Yordanov and I. Mitov Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria Significance and Impact of the Study: In this study, anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of seven Lactobacil- lus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (GLB) strains was evaluated by four cell-free supernatant (CFS) types. The GLB strains produced heat-stable bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs) with a strong anti-H. pylori activity and some neutralized, catalase- and heat-treated CFSs inhibited >83% of the test strains. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance production of GLB strains can render them valuable probiotics in the control of H. pylori infection. Keywords Abstract antibiotics, bacteriocins, Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, probiotics. The aim of the study was to detect anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of seven Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (GLB) strains by four cell-free Correspondence supernatant (CFS) types. Activity of non-neutralized and non-heat-treated Lyudmila Boyanova, Department of Medical (CFSs1), non-neutralized and heat-treated (CFSs2), pH neutralized, catalase- Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, treated and non-heat-treated (CFSs3), or neutralized, catalase- and heat-treated Zdrave Street 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria. (CFSs4) CFSs against 18 H. pylori strains (11 of which with antibiotic E-mail: [email protected] resistance) was evaluated. All GLB strains produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory 2017/1069: received 3 June 2017, revised 27 substances (BLISs), the neutralized CFSs of two GLB strains inhibited >81% of August 2017 and accepted 25 September test strains and those of four GLB strains were active against >71% of 2017 antibiotic resistant strains.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of a Lactobacillus Brevis Strain with Potential Oral Probiotic Properties Fang Fang1,2* , Jie Xu1,2, Qiaoyu Li1,2, Xiaoxuan Xia1,2 and Guocheng Du1,3
    Fang et al. BMC Microbiology (2018) 18:221 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1369-3 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Characterization of a Lactobacillus brevis strain with potential oral probiotic properties Fang Fang1,2* , Jie Xu1,2, Qiaoyu Li1,2, Xiaoxuan Xia1,2 and Guocheng Du1,3 Abstract Background: The microflora composition of the oral cavity affects oral health. Some strains of commensal bacteria confer probiotic benefits to the host. Lactobacillus is one of the main probiotic genera that has been used to treat oral infections. The objective of this study was to select lactobacilli with a spectrum of probiotic properties and investigate their potential roles in oral health. Results: An oral isolate characterized as Lactobacillus brevis BBE-Y52 exhibited antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, a bacterial species that causes dental caries and tooth decay, and secreted antimicrobial compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid. Compared to other bacteria, L. brevis BBE-Y52 was a weak acid producer. Further studies showed that this strain had the capacity to adhere to oral epithelial cells. Co- incubation of L. brevis BBE-Y52 with S. mutans ATCC 25175 increased the IL-10-to-IL-12p70 ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which indicated that L. brevis BBE-Y52 could alleviate inflammation and might confer benefits to host health by modulating the immune system. Conclusions: L. brevis BBE-Y52 exhibited a spectrum of probiotic properties, which may facilitate its applications in oral care products. Keywords: Lactobacillus brevis, Antimicrobial activity, Hydrogen peroxide, Adhesion, Immunomodulation Background properties may prevent the colonization of oral patho- Oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and peri- gens through different mechanisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Ecologixtm Oral Health & Microbiome Profile Phylo Bioscience Laboratory
    Oral EcologiXTM Oral Health & Microbiome Profile Phylo Bioscience Laboratory INTERPRETIVE GUIDE DISCLAIMER: THIS INFORMATION IS PROVIDED FOR THE USE OF PHYSICIANS AND OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS ONLY. THIS INFORMATION IS NOT FOR USE BY CONSUMERS. THE INFORMATION AND OR PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENDED FOR USE BY CONSUMERS OR PHYSICIANS AS A MEANS TO CURE, TREAT, PREVENT, DIAGNOSE OR MITIGATE ANY DISEASE OR OTHER MEDICAL CONDITION. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS IN NO WAY TO BE TAKEN AS PRESCRIPTIVE NOR TO REPLACE THE PHYSICIANS DUTY OF CARE AND PERSONALISED CARE PRACTICES. INTERPRETIVE GUIDE Oral EcologiX™ INTRODUCTION Due to recent advancements in culture-independent techniques, it is now possible to measure the composition of the human microbiota. The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem, comprising several habitats including the teeth, gums, tongue and tonsils, all colonised by bacteria1. The oral microbiota is comprised of approximately 600 taxa at the species level, with different groups and subsets inhabiting different niches. The microbiota of the oral cavity exists as a complex biofilm that remains stable despite environmental changes. However, dysbiosis, in form of infection, injury, dietary changes and risk-associated factors (e.g. smoking) may disrupt the biofilm community, favouring colonisation and invasion of pathogens. Disruption of the biofilm community to a pathogenic profile, induces host immune responses, chronic inflammation and ultimately development of local and systemic diseases. However, much of this damage is reversible if pathogenic communities are removed, and homeostasis is restored. To this end, Phylobioscience have developed the Oral EcologiXTM oral health and microbiome profile, a ground breaking tool for analysis of oral microbiota composition and host immune responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactobacillus Sakei Modulates Mule Duck Microbiota in Ileum and Ceca During Overfeeding
    Lactobacillus sakei modulates mule duck microbiota in ileum and ceca during overfeeding F. Vasaï ,* K. Brugirard Ricaud ,*1 L. Cauquil ,†‡§ P. Daniel ,# C. Peillod ,Ϧ K. Gontier ,* A. Tizaoui ,¶ O. Bouchez ,** S. Combes ,†‡§ and S. Davail * * Institut pluridisciplinaire de recherche sur l’environnement et les matériaux–Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie UMR5254, IUT des Pays de l’Adour, Rue du Ruisseau, BP 201, 40004 Mont de Marsan, France; † Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; ‡ Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT)–Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; § Université de Toulouse INPT Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31076 Toulouse, France; # Laboratoires des Pyrénées et des Landes, 1 rue Marcel David, BP219, 40004 Mont de Marsan, France; Ϧ Institut Technique de l’Aviculture, 28 rue du Rocher, 75008 Paris, France; ¶ Institut Universitaire de Technologie des Pays de l’Adour, Rue du Ruisseau, BP 201, 40004 Mont de Marsan, France; and ** Plateforme Génomique Bâtiment Centre de Ressources de Génotypage & Séquençage-Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRA Auzeville, Chemin de Borderouge-BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France ABSTRACT The supplementation with Lactobacillus and diversity decreased in the ileum and increased in sakei as probiotic on the ileal and cecal microbiota of the ceca after overfeeding. Overfeeding increased the mule ducks during overfeeding was investigated using relative abundance of Firmicutes and especially the high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequenc- Lactobacillus group in ileal samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Product Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentations: a Review
    fermentation Review Multi-Product Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentations: A Review José Aníbal Mora-Villalobos 1 ,Jéssica Montero-Zamora 1, Natalia Barboza 2,3, Carolina Rojas-Garbanzo 3, Jessie Usaga 3, Mauricio Redondo-Solano 4, Linda Schroedter 5, Agata Olszewska-Widdrat 5 and José Pablo López-Gómez 5,* 1 National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica (CENIBiot), National Center of High Technology (CeNAT), San Jose 1174-1200, Costa Rica; [email protected] (J.A.M.-V.); [email protected] (J.M.-Z.) 2 Food Technology Department, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica; [email protected] 3 National Center for Food Science and Technology (CITA), University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica; [email protected] (C.R.-G.); [email protected] (J.U.) 4 Research Center in Tropical Diseases (CIET) and Food Microbiology Section, Microbiology Faculty, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica; [email protected] 5 Bioengineering Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), 14469 Potsdam, Germany; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (A.O.-W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-(0331)-5699-857 Received: 15 December 2019; Accepted: 4 February 2020; Published: 10 February 2020 Abstract: Industrial biotechnology is a continuously expanding field focused on the application of microorganisms to produce chemicals using renewable sources as substrates. Currently, an increasing interest in new versatile processes, able to utilize a variety of substrates to obtain diverse products, can be observed.
    [Show full text]