place-name elements

Keith Briggs

June 16, 2013

1 Places and elements

Acton: Ac(c)a tun¯ ‘Aca’s farm’ : Beornheard tun¯ ‘Be- : ? : Ac(c)a h¯am ‘Aca’s farm’ ornheard’s farm’ Boxford: box ford : ald burh ‘old town’ Barnby: barn b¯y Boxted: box stede Alderton: alre tun¯ ‘alder farm’ Barnham: Beorn h¯am Boyton: ?Boia tun¯ Aldham: Ealda h¯am ‘Ealda’s farm’ Barningham: Beorn ingas h¯am Bradfield: br¯ad feld ‘broad open : Aldhere ingas h¯am ‘Ald- Barrow: bearu land’ here’s peoples’ farm’ Barsham: B¯ar h¯am Bradley: br¯ad l¯eah Alnesbourn: ?Aln¯oþ burna ‘?Alnoþ’s¯ : bere tun¯ : *Br¯ıosa worð stream’ : bere tun¯ Bramfield: br¯om feld ‘broomy open : Ælfflæd¯ tun¯ ‘Ælfflæd’s¯ : *Bætti ford ‘*Bætti’s ford’ land’ farm’ : Baldhere ¯eg : br¯om ford ‘broom ford’ : +Amma tun¯ ‘Amma’s : *b¯egel h¯am ‘Farm in the Brampton: br¯om tun¯ ‘broom farm’ farm’ river-bend’ : +Brant tun¯ ‘+Brant’s : æsc Bocking ‘Ash-tree : ?Beola ingas farm’ (later of the Bocking family)’ : ? Brandon: br¯om dun¯ 1 Bedfield: +Be(a)da feld : Ashby: æsc b¯y ‘ash farm’ ¯ *Branta h¯am Bedingfield: +B¯e(a)da ingas feld Bredfield: brædu¯ feld ‘open land by Ashe (): æsc : *bæl¯ stede the broad strip?’ Great Ashfield: æsc feld ‘ash open Belton: *bel tun¯ : brend *Illa l¯eah land’ 1 Benacre: b¯ean æcer Brettenham: Bretta h¯am ‘Farm of Aspall: æspe halh ‘aspen nook’ : b¯ean halh the Britons’ : Asa tun¯ ‘Asa’s peoples’ Bentley: beonet l¯eah : briosa gesett farm’ : *B¯eaga tun¯ Little Bricett: briosa gesett : æðeling tun¯ ‘prince’s : Bildr tun¯ ‘Bildr’s farm’ Brightwell: berht welle ‘bright farm’ Bing (): ?*Bæga¯ ingas stream’ Bacton: Bacca tun¯ ‘Bacca’s farm’ : Blaca h¯am Brockley: br¯oc l¯eah : +B¯eada ingas h¯am ‘Blaca’s farm’ Brome: br¯om ‘broom’ : Bad(d)a l¯eah ‘Bad(d)a’s clear- : Blaca h¯am ‘Blaca’s : br¯om welle ‘broom ing’ farm’ stream’ Badmondisfield: Beadumund feld : Blæc halh Browston (Belton): *Brocc tun¯ : Bada welle æsc : +Blunt tun¯ : gebur¯ geard : bealg dun¯ 1 : Blyth ford : burna edisc Bardwell: Bearda welle : Blyth burh ‘fortified set- : *Buccel h¯am ‘Buccel’s Barham: beorg h¯am ‘hill farmstead’ tlement on the River Blyth’ farm’ Barking: *Berica ingas ‘*Berica’s peo- Bosmere: Bosa mere : *buging¯ ¯eg ple’ : B¯otwulf dæl Bures: bur¯

1 : burh geat ‘gate to the forti- Corton: K¯ari tun¯ : eik fication’ Cotton: Codda tun¯ Little : Facca h¯am Burgh: burh ‘fortified site’ : cofa h¯yð : Facca h¯am Burgh Castle: burh ‘(Roman) forti- : Cul¯ ingas : *Falta h¯am ‘Falta’s fied site’ : cran ford farm’ Burstall: burh stall Cratfield: *Crætta¯ feld Farnham: fearn h¯am : burh Creeting: *Cræta¯ ingas : *F¯ılic st¯ow ‘*F¯ılic’s farm’ Butley: +Butta l¯eah : Gr¯eotingas h¯am : *Fæle¯ h¯am : +Bucc halh Crowfield: *cr¯oh feld Fenstead (Boxted): fin stede Buxlow: +Bucc hl¯aw : Cula¯ ford ‘Cula’s ford’ : fin beorg Caldecott: cald cot : Cuþwulf¯ h¯oh ‘Cuþwulf’s¯ : fin beorg Campsea (Campsea Ashe): camp ¯eg hill-spur’ : *F¯ına ingas h¯am : *capel2 : dæl h¯am ‘valley farm’ : Fleming tun¯ Capel St Mary: *capel2 : D¯ealla ing2 h¯oh ‘The Flixton ( and Lothing): Flik Carlton: karl tun¯ hill-spur of the Dallingas’ tun¯ : karl tun¯ : D¯eorm¯od dun Flixton (): Flik tun¯ Cavendish: ?C¯afa edisc ‘D¯eormod’¯ : Fl¯oki tun¯ : ?C¯afa h¯am : D¯eor h¯am : forne h¯am Charsfield: *cearr feld : d¯eop bæce : forne h¯am : Ceatt h¯am : d¯eop h¯am ‘?deep farm’ : forne h¯am : Cedda beorg ‘Cedda’s Denham St John: denu h¯am Foxhall: fox hol hill’ Denham St Mary: denu h¯am : *Framela ingas h¯am : Cedd st¯an ‘Cedd’s stone’ : *D¯enegifu tun¯ : Fram denu : C¯eolmund tun¯ : Deneheard tun¯ : *Freca h¯am ‘C¯eolmund’s farm’ : d¯eop denu Fressingfield: *fyrsen feld : Ceorl worð ‘Ceorl’s en- : *Dr¯emic tun¯ Freston: Fresna tun¯ ‘Frisians’ farm’ closure’ : ? w¯ıc : Fresna tun¯ Chevington: Ceofa tun¯ ‘Ceofa’s : sæ¯ h¯am Fritton: *friþu tun¯ farm’ : st¯an h¯am : frox denu : cisel ford ‘gravel ford’ : beorg holt Gapton (Belton): *Gabbi tun¯ Chilton: cild tun¯ Easton: ¯east tun¯ : Gægi¯ l¯eah Clare: cl¯ara Easton Bavents: ¯east tun¯ : *Gydda ingas Claydon: clæg¯ dun¯ 1 ‘clay hill’ : Eadw¯ ¯eard tun¯ : g¯at gr¯af ‘goats’ grove’ Clopton: *clopp tun¯ : ? : *Gyppa ingas Clopton (): *clopp : elm gesett ‘settlers by the : *Gys(e)la h¯am tun¯ elm’ Gislingham: *Gys(e)la ingas h¯am Cockfield: Cohha feld : elm welle : gl¯eam h¯am ‘?happy : Codda h¯am : elfetu denu farm’ Combs: camb : eofor welle : gl¯eam h¯am ‘?happy : konungr tun¯ : Eoforweard tun¯ farm’ Cookley: Cuca l¯eah Euston: Eof tun¯ : gl¯eam ford : *coppod ¯ac : *Gyxa ingas Gorleston: ?*Gurla tun¯ Cornard: corn1 erð Eye: ¯eg ‘island’ : Gosbeck

2 Gromford (Snape): ? ford Holton St Mary: H¯ola tun¯ ‘Hola’s¯ Laxfield: +Leaxa feld Groton: *gr¯eoten farm’ : *hl¯ıeg h¯am : Grund burh Holton St Peter: H¯ola tun¯ ‘Hola’s¯ : L¯eofwine hæð¯ Gulpher (Walton): goupilliere farm’ : l¯eg tun¯ Gunton: Gunni tun¯ Homersfield: Hunbeorht¯ feld : *L¯eodhere ingas h¯am : Hæcci tun¯ Honington: Hun(a)¯ ingas tun¯ : L¯eofa tun¯ ‘L¯eofa’s farm’ Hadleigh: hæð¯ l¯eah ‘heath clearing’ Hoo: h¯oh : hlidgeat Hopton: hop tun¯ : Hælle worð Lindsey: *Lella ¯eg ‘*Lella’s island’ Hopton-on-Sea: hop tun¯ Hardwick: heord w¯ıc Linstead: l¯ın stede : horu h¯am Hargrave: hara gr¯af ‘hares’ grove’ : *lifermere Horningsheath: *horning erð : ?Hereca stede : *lifermere Harleston: Heoruwulf tun¯ : ? : : myln ford : heorot hyrst ‘stag wood’ Huna¯ dun¯ 1 Hunston: hunter tun¯ ‘hunter’s farm’ Lound: lundr : *Haseca tun¯ Huntingfield: Hunta ingas feld : Hloðvér toft : haga2 l¯eah ‘haw wood’ : *Yccel ingas h¯am : west tun¯ Haverhill: *hæfera hyll ‘oat hill’ : Ic(c)a worð : mærels¯ ford ‘ford at the : hafoc dun¯ ‘hawks’ hill’ 1 : ? h¯oh mooring-place’ : *geheald stede Ilketshall: Ulfketill halh : mærels¯ h¯am ‘settlement : *Helm ingas h¯am Ingham: Ing h¯am at the mooring-place’ : Heming tun¯ : ?*Gippe w¯ıc : myln : +Helma l¯eah ‘+Helma’s : *Gicsa worð Mells: myln clearing’ : *Gicsa worð þorp Melton: melr tun¯ : Hemma *gr¯ed ‘Hemma’s : Cy(d)da tun¯ Mendham: *Mynda h¯am meadow’ : +Cylli halh : *Myndel h¯am Henham: h¯eah h¯am ‘high (dat.) : Kennett ford ‘ford of the Metfield: m¯ed feld farm’ ’ : Henley: h¯eah l¯eah ‘high (dat.) clear- ?*Metti ingas h¯am Kenton: C¯ena tun¯ Mickfield: micel feld ing’ Kersey: cærse ¯eg ‘cress island’ Middleton: middel tun¯ : henn stede : cærse gr¯af Milden: *Melda ingas Hepworth: h¯eope worð ‘hip enclo- : +Cyssi land Mildenhall: middel halh sure’ : Cytelbeorn tun¯ ‘Cytel- : Mundinga denu Herringfleet: Herela fl¯eot beorn’s farm’ : Hyrningas welle : Ketil beorg : sæ¯ h¯am : hecg gesett ‘hedge fold’ : kirkja l¯eah : *Illa l¯eah : Hefa ingas h¯am Kirton: kirkja tun¯ ‘church farm’ Moulton: +Mula¯ tun¯ Higham: h¯eah h¯am ‘high farm’ : gnætt halh ‘gnat nook!’ Mutford: m¯ot ford : +Hildric l¯eah : Cnott halh : Hnaki tun¯ ‘Hnaki’s farm’ : Hyntel h¯am : lacu ford Naughton: *Nagli tun¯ ‘*Nagli’s Hitcham: hecc h¯am : *L¯aca h¯yð farm’ Holbrook: hol br¯oc Langham: lang h¯am : ¯eg land : ?*H¯ol l¯eah ‘?*Hol¯ clear- : L¯afa h¯am : *Hnydda ing1 ‘place of the ing’ : hl¯aw *gesell followers of *Hnydda”

3 : n¯eod h¯am market : *r¯ymed h¯am ‘?cleared : ? l¯eah ‘needy farmstead (later with a mar- farmstead’ South Cove: suð¯ cofa ket)’ : Rendel h¯am South Elmham: elm h¯am Nettlestead: netel stede : ryge dun¯ 1 ‘rye hill’ : suð¯ wald : níu brunnr : R¯ıca ingas halh : *speht halh Newton: n¯ıwe tun¯ ‘new farm’ Rickinghall Superior: R¯ıca ingas halh : Sprow tun¯ : norð cofa Ringsfield: *Hring feld Stanningfield: *st¯anen feld Norton: norð tun¯ ‘north farm’ Ringshall: hring *gesell Stansfield: St¯an feld : n¯ıwe tun¯ ‘new farm’ Risby: hr¯ıs b¯y Stanstead: st¯an stede Nurstead (): hnutu stede : rysc hangra Stanton: st¯an tun¯ Oakley: ¯ac l¯eah ‘oak wood’ Rougham: ruh¯ h¯am Staverton (Butley): ? tun¯ : ¯ac holt ‘oak wood’ : ?Rum burh Sternfield: *Sterne feld ‘*Sterne’s : Offa tun¯ Rushbrooke: rysc br¯oc ‘rush brook’ open land’ Old Newton: n¯ıwe tun¯ ‘old new Rushmere: *rysce mere ‘rush mere’ : æsc farm’ : *rysce mere Stoke-by-Clare: stoc : ¯an hus¯ ‘single house’ ‘rush mere’ Stoke-by-Nayland: stoc : sand tun¯ : st¯an h¯am Orford: ¯ora1 ford ‘shore ford’ : : Otley: Otta l¯eah *s¯aper tun¯ stofn Little Saxham: Seaxa h¯am : st¯ow Oulton: Áli tun¯ ‘Áli’s farm’ Great Saxham: Seaxa h¯am : st¯ow : *uf¯ denu ‘owl valley’ : *Seaxmund h¯am : st¯ow Pakefield: *Pacca feld : Seaxa stede : stræt¯ br¯oc Pakenham: *Pacca h¯am Semer: sæ¯ mere ‘lake-pool’ : stræt¯ *gesell Palgrave: pal gr¯af ‘grove of the poles Shadingfield: *sc¯aden feld : stræt¯ ford (p¯ala gen. pl.)’ Sharpstone (Barham): Skarfr tun¯ ‘Ford on a Roman road’ Parham: peru h¯am ‘pear-tree farm- ‘Skarf’s farm’ Stratford St Mary: stræt¯ ford ‘Ford stead’ : scelf land on a Roman road’ : peosu halh ‘pea nook’ Shelley: scelf l¯eah : Stut¯ tun¯ : ‘*P¯eota’s en- *P¯eota haga1 : *Scimpla ingas Stutton: ? tun¯ closure’ : sc¯ep medwe : suð¯ burna ‘south stream’ Pettistree: Peohtr¯ed tr¯eow ‘Peo- : *sc¯eote l¯eah ‘?pigeon clear- Sudbury: suð¯ burh ¯ htred’s tree’ ing’ Sutton: suð¯ tun¯ ‘south farm’ Playford: pl¯eg ford ‘play ford’ : ?*Sceot h¯am ‘*Sceot’s Swefling: *Swiftel ingas ‘place of Polstead: p¯ol1 stede farm’ *Swiftel’s people’ : Poslingas worð Shrubland (Barham): scrybb lundr : sw¯ın land : pr¯eost tun¯ : Sibba tun¯ : syle1 h¯am : ramm holt ‘ram’s wood’ Snape: snæp : T¯ata ingas tun¯ : Rathill denu : Sumarlida tun¯ ‘Sumar- : T¯ating tun¯ ‘T¯ating’s : ryge dun¯ 1 ‘rye hill’ lida’s farm’ farm’ Rede: *r¯eod Somersham: Sumor h¯am : T¯ıdbeorht tun¯ Redgrave: hr¯eod gr¯af Somerton: Sumarlida tun¯ ‘Sumarl- : elfetu h¯am : *R¯eod h¯am ida’s farm’ : þorn tun¯ Redlingfield: *Rædel ingas feld : suðerne¯ tun¯ Thorndon: þorn dun¯ 1

4 : þorn h¯am Wangford (Lackford): wægn ford Willingham: Willa ingas h¯am : þorn h¯am : Want denu ‘Want’s val- : W¯ıgl¯af h¯am ‘W¯ıgl¯af’s : þorp ley’ farm’ : *Þránd tun¯ : wæsce br¯oc Wingfield: Wiga ingas feld : *þryþ hl¯aw Wattisfield: Wacol feld ‘Wacol’s open Winston: Wine tun¯ ‘Wine’s farm’ : *þryþ hl¯aw land’ : *w¯ıððe gesett Thurston: Thur tun¯ : *Wræcci h¯am ‘*Wræcci’s Wissington: W¯ıgsw¯ıþ tun¯ Thwaite: þveit farm’ Withersdale: weðer dæl : +Tima worð Great Welnetham: elfetu h¯am Withersfield: weðer feld : t¯ot stoc Little Welnetham: elfetu h¯am : *Wittel h¯am ‘*Wittel’s Trimley: *Trymma l¯eah ‘*Trymma’s Little Wenham: *wynn h¯am farm’ clearing?’ Great Wenham: *wynn h¯am : Widuc h¯oh ‘Widuc’s hill- : *Trost(a) tun¯ ‘*Trost(a)’s : *Wynhæþ tun¯ spur’ farm’ : st¯ow Woodbridge: wudu brycg St Mary: Tudda h¯am Westerfield: westerra feld : wulf pytt ‘Tudda’s farm’ : west halh : Wulfhere tun¯ Tunstall: tunstall¯ ‘Site of a farm- Westhorpe: west þorp : *wr¯ıde welle stead’ : Vestliði tun¯ : *W¯erel ingas h¯am ‘The : Ubbi tun¯ Westley: west l¯eah farm of *W¯erel’s people’ Ufford: Uffa worð ‘Uffa’s enclosure’ Weston: west tun¯ Worlington: Word ingas tun¯ ‘The : *Uggeca halh : weðer denu farm of the people of the stream : *Waldberht w¯ıc Wetheringsett: weðer ingas gesett called Word’ Little Waldingfield: wald ingas feld Weybread: weg brædu¯ : Wilhere ingas worð Great Waldingfield: wald ingas feld Whatfield: hwæte¯ feld ‘wheat land’ ‘The farm of Wilhere’s people’ Waldringfield: Waldhere ingas feld : *hwip(pe) stede Wortham: worð h¯am Walpole: walh p¯ol1 ‘pool of the : hwearf stede ‘wharf : wrætt¯ ing1 Romano-British’ place’ : wrætt¯ ing1 : +Walh h¯am Whitton: hw¯ıt tun¯ ‘white farm’ Wrentham: *Wrenta h¯am ‘*Wrenta’s ‘Walh’s farm’ : wicham market farm’ Walton: walh tun¯ ‘Farm of the : wicham *skeith : Wigferþ tun¯ Romano-British’ Wickhambrook: wicham br¯oc Yaxley: g¯eac l¯eah Wangford (Blything): wang ford Wilby: *wilig b¯eag : geoc ford

2 Elements and place-names

¯ac ‘oak tree’: Copdock; Oakley; Oc- æðeling ‘prince, nobleman’: b¯eag ‘ring’: Wilby cold Athelington b¯ean ‘bean’: Benacre; Benhall æcer ‘plot or strip of cultivated land, ald ‘old’: Aldeburgh bearu ‘grove, small wood’: Barrow acre’: Benacre alre ‘alder-tree’: Alderton *b¯egel ‘bend, loop’: Baylham æsc ‘ash-tree’: Ashbocking; Ashby; ¯an ‘one, single’: Onehouse *bel1 ‘?glade’: Belton Ashe (Campsea Ashe); Badwell Ash; bæce ‘stream, stream valley’: Debach beonet ‘coarse wild grass, bent-grass’: Great Ashfield; Stoke Ash *bæl¯ ‘beacon?’: Belstead Bentley æspe ‘aspen-tree’: Aspall barn ‘child, offspring’: Barnby beorg ‘hill, mound’: Barham; Ched-

5 burgh; East Bergholt; Great Fin- *cearr ‘turn, bend’: Charsfield feld ‘open country’: Badmondis- borough; Kettleburgh; Little Finbor- cild ‘child, young nobleman, young field; Bedfield; Bedingfield; Brad- ough monk’: Chilton field; Bramfield; Bredfield; Chars- bere ‘barley’: Barton Mills; Great cisel ‘gravel’: Chillesford field; Cockfield; Cratfield; Crow- Barton clæg¯ ‘clay’: Claydon field; Fressingfield; Great Ashfield; berht ‘bright, clear’: Brightwell cl¯ara ‘clear’: Clare Great Waldingfield; Homersfield; box ‘box-tree’: Boxford; Boxted *clopp ‘?lump, rock, hill’: Clopton; Huntingfield; Laxfield; Little Wald- br¯ad ‘broad’: Bradfield; Bradley Clopton (Wickhambrook) ingfield; Metfield; Mickfield; Pake- brædu¯ ‘breadth’: Bredfield; Wey- cofa ‘chamber, cave’: Covehithe; field; Redlingfield; Ringsfield; Shad- bread North Cove; South Cove ingfield; Stanningfield; Stansfield; brend ‘burnt’: Brent Eleigh *coppod ‘pollarded’: Copdock Sternfield; Waldringfield; Wattis- briosa ‘breeze, gad-fly’: Great corn1 ‘corn’: Cornard field; Westerfield; Whatfield; Wing- Bricett; Little Bricett cot ‘cottage’: Caldecott field; Withersfield br¯oc ‘brook, stream’: Brockley; cran ‘crane’: Cransford fin ‘heap’: Fenstead (Boxted); Great Holbrook; Rushbrooke; Stradbroke; *cr¯oh ‘bend’: Crowfield Finborough; Little Finborough Washbrook; Wickhambrook dæl ‘valley, pit’: Botesdale; Dalham; fl¯eot ‘stream’: Herringfleet br¯om ‘broom’: Bramfield; Bram- Withersdale ford ‘river-crossing’: Battisford; Bly- ford; Brampton; Brandon; Brome; denu ‘valley’: Denham St John; ford; Boxford; Bramford; Chilles- Bromeswell Denham St Mary; Depden; Elve- ford; Cransford; Culford; Glems- brunnr ‘spring, stream’: Newbourne den; Framsden; Frostenden; Mon- ford; Gromford (Snape); Kentford; brycg ‘bridge, causeway’: Wood- ewden; Ousden; Rattlesden; Wantis- Lackford; Long Melford; Marles- bridge den; Wetherden ford; Mutford; Orford; Playford; *buging¯ ‘bend’: Bungay d¯eop ‘deep’: Debach; Debenham; Stratford St Andrew; Stratford St bur¯ ‘chamber, dwelling, cottage’: Bu- Depden Mary; Wangford (Blything); Wang- ford (Lackford); Yoxford res dun¯ 1 ‘hill’: Ballingdon; Brandon; burh ‘stronghold, fortified place’: Claydon; Hawkedon; Hundon; Ray- forne ‘trout?’: Fornham All Saints; Aldeburgh; Blythburgh; Burgate; don; Reydon; Thorndon Fornham St Genevieve; Fornham St Burgh; Burgh Castle; Burstall; Bury ¯east ‘east’: Easton; Easton Bavents Martin St Edmunds; Grundisburgh; Rum- edisc ‘enclosure’: Brundish; fox ‘fox’: Foxhall burgh; Sudbury Cavendish *friþu ‘enclosed’: Fritton burna ‘stream’: Alnesbourn; ¯eg ‘island’: Bawdsey; Bungay; frox ‘frog’: Frostenden Brundish; Sudbourne Campsea (Campsea Ashe); Eye; *fyrsen ‘growing with furze’: Fress- b¯y ‘settlement, village’: Ashby; Kersey; Lindsey; Nayland ingfield Barnby; Risby eik ‘oak-tree’: Eyke g¯at ‘goat’: Gedgrave cærse ‘cress, watercress’: Kersey; elfetu ‘swan’: Elveden; Great Wel- ge-bur¯ ‘peasant, semi-free estate- Kesgrave netham; Little Welnetham; Thel- worker’: Bruisyard cald ‘cold’: Caldecott netham g¯eac ‘cuckoo’: Yaxley camb ‘comb, crest’: Combs elm ‘elm-tree’: Elmsett; Elmswell; geard ‘enclosure, yard’: Bruisyard camp ‘open land, field’: Campsea South Elmham geat ‘pass, gate, gap’: Burgate (Campsea Ashe) eofor ‘boar’: Eriswell *geheald ‘animal shelter’: Hawstead *capel2 ‘?small cape, ?look-out erð ‘cultivated land’: Cornard; geoc ‘yoke’: Yoxford place’: Capel St Andrew; Capel St Horningsheath *gesell ‘shed’: Lawshall; Ringshall; Mary fearn ‘fern’: Farnham Stradishall

6 gesett ‘dwelling, den, ?fold’: Elmsett; sham; Hitcham; Horham; Ickling- *horning ‘bend’: Horningsheath Great Bricett; Hessett; Little Bricett; ham; Ingham; Langham; Laven- horu ‘filth, dirt’: Horham Wetheringsett; Wissett ham; Layham; Letheringham; Lit- hr¯eod ‘reed’: Redgrave gl¯eam ‘merriment’: Glemsford; tle Blakenham; Little Fakenham; hring ‘ring, circle’: Ringshall Great Glemham; Little Glemham Little Glemham; Little Saxham; hr¯ıs ‘brushwood’: Risby gnætt ‘gnat’: Knettishall Little Welnetham; Little Wenham; hunter ‘hunter’: Hunston goupilliere ‘place frequented by Martlesham; Mendham; Mendle- hus¯ ‘house’: Onehouse foxes’: Gulpher (Walton) sham; Mettingham; Monk So- hwæte¯ ‘wheat’: Whatfield gr¯af ‘grove, wood’: Gedgrave; Har- ham; Needham Market; Paken- hwearf ‘wharf’: Wherstead grave; Kesgrave; Palgrave; Redgrave ham; Parham; Redisham; Rend- *hwip(pe) ‘whip’: Whepstead *gr¯ed ‘meadow’: Hengrave ham; Rendlesham; Rougham; Sax- hw¯ıt ‘white’: Whitton *gr¯eoten ‘gravelly (place)’: Groton mundham; Shottisham; Somersham; hyll ‘hill’: Haverhill South Elmham; Stonham Aspal; *hæfera ‘oats’: Haverhill hyrst ‘wood’: Hartest Syleham; Thelnetham; Thornham hæ具heath, heather’: Hadleigh; h¯yð ‘landing-place’: Covehithe; Lak- Magna; Thornham Parva; Tud- Leavenheath enheath denham St Mary; Walsham le hafoc ‘hawk’: Hawkedon -ing1 ‘p.n. forming suffix’: Great Willows; Wattisham; Willingham; haga ‘hedge, enclosure’: Pettaugh Wratting; Little Wratting; Nedging 1 Willisham; Witnesham; Worling- haga ‘haw’: Haughley -ing2 ‘connective particle’: 2 ham; Wortham; Wrentham halh ‘nook, corner’: Aspall; Benhall; Dallinghoo hangra ‘wood on a hill-side’: Ris- Blaxhall; Buxhall; Ilketshall; Kelsale; -ingas ‘group-name forming suffix’: hangles Knettishall; Knodishall; Milden- Aldringham; Badingham; Barking; hara ‘hare’: Hargrave hall; Peasenhall; Rickinghall Infe- Barningham; Bedingfield; Bing (Pet- h¯eah ‘high, tall’: Henham; Henley; rior; Rickinghall Superior; Spexhall; tistree); Cowlinge; Creeting; Exn- Higham Uggeshall; Westhall ing; Finningham; Framlingham; hecc ‘?’: Hitcham h¯am ‘homestead, village’: Akenham; Gedding; Gipping; Gislingham; hecg ‘hedge’: Hessett Aldham; Aldringham; Badingham; Great Bealings; Great Waldingfield; henn ‘hen’: Henstead Barham; Barnham; Barningham; Helmingham; Heveningham; Hon- ‘hip’: Hepworth Barsham; Baylham; Brantham; Bret- h¯eope ington; Huntingfield; Icklingham; tenham; Bucklesham; Cavenham; heord ‘herd’: Hardwick Letheringham; Little Waldingfield; Chattisham; Coddenham; Creting- heorot ‘hart, stag’: Hartest Mettingham; Milden; Redlingfield; ham; Dalham; Darsham; Deben- hl¯aw ‘mound, hill’: Buxlow; Great Rickinghall Inferior; Rickinghall Su- ham; Denham St John; Denham Thurlow; Lawshall; Little Thurlow perior; Shimpling; Swefling; Tan- St Mary; Earl Soham; Earl Ston- hlid-geat ‘swing-gate’: Lidgate nington; Waldringfield; Wether- ham; Fakenham Magna; Falken- *hl¯ıeg ‘shelter’: Layham ingsett; Willingham; Wingfield; ham; Farnham; Felsham; Finning- hnutu ‘nut’: Nurstead (Polstead) Worlingham; Worlington; Worling- ham; Fornham All Saints; Forn- h¯oh ‘heel’: Culpho; Dallinghoo; worth ham St Genevieve; Fornham St Hoo; Iken; Wixoe karl ‘free peasant’: Carlton; Carlton Martin; Framlingham; Freckenham; hol ‘hole, hollow’: Foxhall; Hol- Colville Gisleham; Gislingham; Great Blak- brook kirkja ‘church’: Kirkley; Kirton enham; Great Glemham; Great holt ‘wood’: East Bergholt; Occold; konungr ‘king’: Coney Weston Saxham; Great Welnetham; Great Ramsholt lacu ‘stream’: Lackford Wenham; Helmingham; Henham; hop ‘enclosed land (esp. in marshes)’: land ‘land’: Kessingland; Nayland; Heveningham; Higham; Hintle- Hopton; Hopton-on-Sea Shelland; Swilland

7 lang ‘long, long strip’: Langham ramm ‘ram’: Ramsholt suðerne¯ ‘southern’: Sotherton l¯eah ‘clearing; wood’: Badley; Bent- *r¯eod ‘clearing’: Rede sw¯ın ‘pig’: Swilland ley; Bradley; Brent Eleigh; Brock- ruh¯ ‘rough’: Rougham syle1 ‘bog’: Syleham ley; Butley; Cookley; Gazeley; ryge ‘rye’: Raydon; Reydon þorn ‘thorn-tree’: Thorington; Hadleigh; Haughley; Hemley; Hen- *rysce ‘bed of rushes’: Rushmere; Thorndon; Thornham Magna; ley; Hinderclay; Hollesley; Kirkley; Rushmere St Andrew Thornham Parva Monks Eleigh; Oakley; Otley; Shel- *r¯ymed ‘cleared’: Rendham þorp ‘outlying farmstead’: Ixworth ley; Shotley; Sotterley; Trimley; sæ¯ ‘sea, lake’: Earl Soham; Monk So- Thorpe; Thorpe Morieux; West- Westley; Yaxley ham; Semer horpe l¯eg ‘fire’: Leiston sand ‘sand’: Santon Downham *þryþ ‘assembly?’: Great Thurlow; *lifermere ‘pool of thick water’: *s¯aper ‘soaper’: Sapiston Little Thurlow Great Livermere; Little Livermere *sc¯aden ‘separated?’: Shadingfield þveit ‘clearing, meadow’: Thwaite l¯ın ‘flax’: Linstead scelf ‘shelf’: Shelland; Shelley toft ‘plot’: Lowestoft lundr ‘grove’: Lound; Shrubland *sc¯eote ‘wood-pigeon?’: Shotley t¯ot ‘look out’: Tostock (Barham) sc¯ep ‘sheep’: Shipmeadow tr¯eow ‘tree’: Pettistree mærels¯ ‘mooring post’: Marlesford; scrybb ‘shrub’: Shrubland (Barham) tun¯ ‘enclosure, village, estate’: Ac- Martlesham *skeith ‘dividing feature, boundary’: ton; Alderton; Alpheton; Amp- market ‘market’: Needham Market; Wickham Skeith ton; Assington; Athelington; Bac- Wickham Market snæp ‘?poor pasture’: Snape ton; Barnardiston; Barton Mills; m¯ed ‘meadow’: Metfield *speht ‘green woodpecker’: Spexhall Belton; Beyton; Bildeston; Blun- medwe ‘meadow’: Shipmeadow stall ‘stall, place’: Burstall deston; Boyton; Brampton; Bran- melr ‘sand-bank, dune’: Melton st¯an ‘stone’: Chediston; Earl Ston- deston; Browston (Belton); Carl- ‘pool’: Bosmere; Rushmere; mere ham; Stanstead; Stanton; Stonham ton; Carlton Colville; Chelmondis- Rushmere St Andrew; Semer Aspal ton; Chevington; Chilton; Clopton; micel ‘large’: Mickfield *st¯anen ‘stony, made of stone’: Stan- Clopton (Wickhambrook); Coney middel ‘middle’: Middleton; Milden- ningfield Weston; Corton; Cotton; Denning- hall stede ‘place’: Belstead; Boxted; Fen- ton; Denston; Drinkstone; Easton; m¯ot ‘meeting’: Mutford stead (Boxted); Harkstead; Haw- Easton Bavents; Edwardstone; Er- myln ‘mill’: Long Melford; Mellis; stead; Henstead; Linstead; Net- warton; Euston; Flempton; Flix- Mells tlestead; Nurstead (Polstead); Pol- ton (Mutford and Lothing); Flix- n¯eod ‘need’: Needham Market stead; Saxtead; Stanstead; Whep- ton (Wangford); Flowton; Freston; netel ‘nettle’: Nettlestead stead; Wherstead Friston; Fritton; Gapton (Belton); n¯ıwe ‘new’: Newton; Nowton; Old stoc ‘place’: Stoke-by-Clare; Stoke- Gorleston; Great Barton; Gun- Newton by-Nayland; Tostock ton; Hacheston; Harleston; Has- norð ‘north’: North Cove; Norton stofn ‘stem, trunk’: Stoven keton; Hemingstone; Holton St níu ‘nine’: Newbourne st¯ow ‘place’: Felixstowe; Mary; Holton St Peter; Honing- ¯ora1 ‘bank, edge’: Orford Stowlangtoft; Stowmarket; Stowu- ton; Hopton; Hopton-on-Sea; Hun- peosu ‘pease, peas’: Peasenhall pland; West Stow ston; Kedington; Kenton; Kettle- peru ‘pear-tree’: Parham stræt¯ ‘made road, Roman road’: baston; Kirton; Leiston; Levington; pl¯eg ‘play’: Playford Stradbroke; Stradishall; Stratford St Market Weston; Melton; Middle- p¯ol1 ‘pool’: Polstead; Walpole Andrew; Stratford St Mary ton; Moulton; Nacton; Naughton; pr¯eost ‘priest’: Preston St Mary su具south’: South Cove; Southwold; Newton; Norton; Nowton; Offton; pytt ‘pit’: Woolpit Sudbourne; Sudbury; Sutton Old Newton; Oulton; Preston St

8 Mary; Santon Downham; Sapis- walh ‘Welshman, serf’: Walpole; wicham ‘Roman site’: Wickham ton; Sharpstone (Barham); Sibton; Walton Market; Wickham Skeith; Wick- Somerleyton; Somerton; Sother- wang ‘meadow, open field’: Wang- hambrook ton; Sproughton; Stanton; Staver- ford (Blything) *wilig ‘willow’: Wilby ton (Butley); Stuston; Stutton; Sut- weg ‘road’: Weybread *w¯ıððe ‘withy’: Wissett ton; Tannington; Tattingstone; The- welle ‘spring, stream, well’: Bad- berton; Thorington; Thrandeston; well Ash; Bardwell; Brightwell; worð ‘enclosure’: Braiseworth; Thurston; Troston; Ubbeston; Wal- Bromeswell; Elmswell; Eriswell; Chelsworth; Halesworth; Hep- ton; Wenhaston; Westleton; We- Herringswell; Wordwell worth; Ickworth; Ixworth; Ixworth ston; Whitton; Winston; Wiss- west ‘west’: Market Weston; West- Thorpe; Poslingford; Timworth; ington; Woolverstone; Worlington; hall; Westhorpe; Westley; Weston Ufford; Worlingworth; Wortham Wyverstone westerra ‘more westerly’: Wester- wrætt¯ ‘cross-wort’: Great Wratting; tunstall¯ ‘farm-site’: Tunstall field Little Wratting *uf¯ ‘owl’: Ousden weðer ‘castrated ram, wether’: Weth- *wr¯ıde ‘twisting’: Wordwell wægn ‘cart’: Wangford (Lackford) erden; Wetheringsett; Withersdale; wudu ‘wood’: Woodbridge wæsce ‘place for washing’: Wash- Withersfield brook w¯ıc ‘specialised farm, dairy farm’: wulf ‘wolf’: Woolpit wald ‘wood’: Great Waldingfield; Dunwich; Hardwick; Ipswich; Wal- *wynn ‘pasture’: Great Wenham; Little Waldingfield; Southwold berswick Little Wenham

9 3 Personal names and place-names

Ac(c)a Acton; Akenham Ceatt Chattisham *Framela Framlingham Ælfflæd¯ Alpheton Cedd Chediston *Freca Freckenham Aldhere Aldringham Cedda Chedburgh Fresna Freston; Friston ?Aln¯oþ Alnesbourn C¯ena Kenton *Gabbi Gapton (Belton) +Amma Ampton Ceofa Chevington Gægi¯ Gazeley Asa Assington C¯eolmund Chelmondiston *Gicsa Ixworth; Ixworth Thorpe Bacca Bacton Ceorl Chelsworth ?*Gippe Ipswich Bada Badwell Ash Cnott Knodishall Gosbeck Gosbeck Bad(d)a Badley Codda Coddenham; Cotton Gr¯eotingas Cretingham ?*Bæga¯ Bing (Pettistree) Cohha Cockfield Grund Grundisburgh *Bætti Battisford *Cræta¯ Creeting Gunni Gunton Baldhere Bawdsey *Crætta¯ Cratfield ?*Gurla Gorleston B¯ar Barsham Cuca Cookley *Gydda Gedding +B¯e(a)da Bedfield; Bedingfield Cul¯ Cowlinge *Gyppa Gipping +B¯eada Badingham Cula¯ Culford *Gys(e)la Gisleham; Gislingham Beadumund Badmondisfield Cuþwulf¯ Culpho *Gyxa Exning *B¯eaga Beyton Cy(d)da Kedington Hæcci Hacheston Bearda Bardwell +Cylli Kelsale Hælle Halesworth ?Beola Great Bealings +Cyssi Kessingland *Haseca Hasketon Beorn Barnham; Barningham Cytelbeorn Kettlebaston Hefa Heveningham Beornheard Barnardiston *D¯enegifu Dennington *Helm Helmingham *Berica Barking Deneheard Denston +Helma Hemley Bildr Bildeston D¯eor Darsham Heming Hemingstone Blaca Great Blakenham; Little Blak- D¯eorm¯od Darmsden Hemma Hengrave enham *Dr¯emic Drinkstone Heoruwulf Harleston Blæc Blaxhall D¯ealla Dallinghoo ?Hereca Harkstead +Blunt Blundeston Eadw¯ ¯eard Edwardstone Herela Herringfleet Blyth Blyford; Blythburgh Ealda Aldham +Hildric Hinderclay Bocking Ashbocking Eof Euston Hloðvér Lowestoft ?Boia Boyton Eoforweard Erwarton Hnaki Nacton Bosa Bosmere Facca Fakenham Magna; Little Fak- *Hnydda Nedging B¯otwulf Botesdale enham ?*H¯ol Hollesley +Brant Brandeston *Fæle¯ Felsham H¯ola Holton St Mary; Holton St *Branta Brantham *Falta Falkenham Peter Bretta Brettenham *F¯ılic Felixstowe *Hring Ringsfield *Br¯ıosa Braiseworth *F¯ına Finningham Huna¯ Hundon *Brocc Browston (Belton) Fleming Flempton Hun(a)¯ Honington +Bucc Buxhall; Buxlow Flik Flixton (Mutford and Loth- Hunbeorht¯ Homersfield *Buccel Bucklesham ing); Flixton (Wangford) Hunta Huntingfield +Butta Butley Fl¯oki Flowton Hyntel Hintlesham ?C¯afa Cavendish; Cavenham Fram Framsden Hyrningas Herringswell

10 Ic(c)a Ickworth Rendel Rendlesham Ubbi Ubbeston *Illa Brent Eleigh; Monks Eleigh *R¯eod Redisham Uffa Ufford Ing Ingham R¯ıca Rickinghall Inferior; Ricking- *Uggeca Uggeshall K¯ari Corton hall Superior Ulfketill Ilketshall Kennett Kentford ?Rum Rumburgh Vestliði Westleton Kettleburgh Shottisham Ketil ?*Sceot Wacol Wattisfield *L¯aca Lakenheath *Scimpla Shimpling *Waldberht Walberswick L¯afa Lavenham Seaxa Great Saxham; Little Sax- Waldhere Waldringfield +Leaxa Laxfield ham; Saxtead *Lella Lindsey *Seaxmund Saxmundham +Walh Walsham le Willows *L¯eodhere Letheringham Sibba Sibton Want Wantisden L¯eofa Levington Skarfr Sharpstone (Barham) *W¯erel Worlingham L¯eofwine Leavenheath Sprow Sproughton Widuc Wixoe *Melda Milden St¯an Stansfield Wiga Wingfield ?*Metti Mettingham *Sterne Sternfield Wigferþ Wyverstone +Mula¯ Moulton Stut¯ Stuston W¯ıgl¯af Willisham Mundinga Monewden Sumarlida Somerleyton; Somerton W¯ıgsw¯ıþ Wissington *Mynda Mendham Sumor Somersham Wilhere Worlingworth *Myndel Mendlesham *Swiftel Swefling Willa Willingham *Nagli Naughton T¯ata Tannington Wine Winston Offa Offton T¯ating Tattingstone *Wittel Witnesham Otta Otley *Þránd Thrandeston Worlington *Pacca Pakefield; Pakenham Thur Thurston Word Peohtr¯ed Pettistree T¯ıdbeorht Theberton *Wræcci Wattisham *P¯eota Pettaugh +Tima Timworth *Wrenta Wrentham Poslingas Poslingford *Trost(a) Troston Wulfhere Woolverstone *Rædel Redlingfield *Trymma Trimley *Wynhæþ Wenhaston Rathill Rattlesden Tudda Tuddenham St Mary *Yccel Icklingham

11