1792 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD- HOUSE January 23, 1973 I am sure my colleagues join me in the Dick's remarkable driving record of 4 ample in their dedication to their ardu­ feeling that Jim Smith's stay in Federal million safe miles demonstrates courtesy ous task of lunar exploration. service was all too short, and that his and a respect for human life. If only tenure has been an invaluable asset to these qualities were shared by all in all everyone. I wish him well in his future areas of every day living. His example is pw·suits, and only hope that we may a worthy one and we owe him a hearty MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ share his counsel in the futw·e. thanks and extend our best wishes for HOW LONG? another 4 million safe miles. HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE ANNIVERSARY OF UKRAINIAN OF IOWA INDEPENDENCE APOLLO 17 IN .THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22~ 1973 HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child OF MICHIGAN OF TEXAS asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my husband alive or dead?" Monday, January 22, 1973 Monday, January 22, 1973 Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, today Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, cally practicing spiritual and mental gen­ marks the 55th anniversary of the procla­ the Congress honors itself by honoring ocide on over 1,757 American prisoners of . mation of the Independence of Ukraine, the Apollo 17 astronauts-Capt. Eugene war and their families. and the 54th anniversary of the Act of A. Cernan, Capt. Ronald E. Evans, and How long? Union, whereby all Ukrainian enthno­ Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt. These three graphic lands were united into one inde­ outstanding Americans have flown the pendent and sovereign state of the last of the Apollo lunar missions and Ukrainian Nation. Both the Independ­ provided our Nation with the wealth of A SALUTE TO JAMES V. SMITH ence of Ukraine and the Act of Union new knowledge from their efforts which were proclaimed in Kiev, capital of will take the next decade to decipher. Ukraine, on January 22, 1918, and Jan­ Theirs has been an exceptional contlibu­ HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE uary 22, 1919, respectively. I would like tion in a long line of striking achieve­ OF MISSOURI to pay tribute, today, to the Ukrainian ments by the Apollo astronauts. On this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people and their undaunted struggle for Apollo mission our first geologist astro­ Thursday, January 18, 1973 human rights and freedom, which are the naut visited the lunar surface. Apollo 17 basic tenets of our mode1n and civilized astronauts logged the longest stay time Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, I would society. of any mission. They also spent the long­ like to thank my distinguished colleagues est single time on the lunar surface in from Texas river of the Year Award previous flights, have distinguished as head of the Farmers Home Adminis­ from the American Trucking Association. themselves in the harsh glare and min­ tration. His outstanding service will be It was my pleasw·e as Dick's Congress­ ute-to-minute review of comprehensive sorely missed. man to host a breakfast for him, his coverage of the Apollo missions. I join Jim Smith's many friends and lovely wife and daughter on January 4. Astronauts Cernan, Evans, and colleagues in saying thank you for a job My colleagues Mr. CLAUSEN, Mr. ANDER­ Schmitt ought to be congratulated not well done and in expressing best wishes SON, and Mr. EDWARDS came and enjoyed only for their Apollo cont1ibutions but for a prosperous future as he returns to the pleasure of meeting Mr. Stapp. for their outstanding conduct and ex- his native Oklahoma.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, January 23, 1973 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. to terminate the servitude of the Ukrain­ THE JOURNAL The Very Reverend Andrew Dworakiv­ ian Nation and grant to her brotherhood, The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ sky, Dormition of the Holy Virgin love, and peace. amined the Journal of the last day's Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Northamp­ Bless all responsible leaders, 0 Lord. proceedings and announces to the House ton, Pa., offered the following prayer: Especially, Father, we ask Thee to bless his approval thereof. Almighty God, we thank Thee for all ow· President, the members of his Cabi­ Without objection, the Jownal stands the graces with which You hav'e endowed net, the Senate, and this deliberative approved. all nations. We ask Your mercy for body. Give them courage and strength to There was no objection. Ukrainians deprived of their liberty and stand firm for human rights, especially freedom in their native land for the past the captives in Ukraine. 55 years. Let it come to pass, 0 Lord, that this MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Today, with unrelenting hope and country and independent Ukraine will A message in writing from the Presi­ humble respect, we stand before you, always be free and friendly nations that dent of the United States was communi­ honorable members of the American will glorify Thee for ever and ever. cated to the House by Mr. Marks, one of Government, and beseech Almighty God Amen. his secretaries. January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 1793 APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF A call of the House was ordered. Members will already have recognized BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE The call was taken by electronic de­ that this was an error in which my name SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION vice, and the following Members fafied was confused with that of the other gen­ to respond: tleman from Michigan, my friend, BILL The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ [Roll No. 5] visions of title 20 United States Code FoRD. Mr. WALDIE has graciously sent out Andrews, N.C. Gray Pritchard a correction to all recipients of his Jan­ sections 42 and 43, the Chair appoints as Armstrong Grover Quie members of the Board of Regents of the Ashbrook Gude Railsback uary 19 letter but I want to state for the Smithsonian Institution the following Aspin Harsha Rangel record that I am opposed to his resolu­ Members on the part of the House: Mr. BadUlo Harvey Rees tion and continue to support the impor­ Bell Hastings Regula tant work of the Committee on Internal MAHON, of Texas; Mr. ROONEY of New Biaggi Hawkins Reid York; and Mr. MINSHALL of Ohio. Blatnik Hebert Rhodes Security. Nevertheless, I thank the gen­ Bowen Hogan Roncallo, N.Y. tleman from California for promptly Brasco Holifield Rooney, N.Y. correcting his inadvertent mistake. Bray Holtzman Rosenthal ORDER OF BUSINESS Breaux Johnson, Colo. Rostenkowski Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I am going Breckinridge Jones, Ala. Roybal Camp Jordan Ryan THE ABORTION DECISIONS to make a point of order that a quorum Carney, Ohio Karth Seiberling is not present. It is my understanding Chisholm Kastenmeier Shipley 316 <1819): pregnancy, and that a woman's right to of this Act. the law must be designed to enforce a abortion is a part of the right of privacy SEc. 4. As used in this Act, the term "State'" provisions of the Constitution; it must be protected by the Constitution. means any of the several States of the United plainly adapted to that end; and it must The Court has recognized the exist­ States, the District of Columbia, the Com­ not by its terms violate any other pro­ ence of that constitutional right and monwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories vision of the Constitution. and possessions of the United States. The Court found that the challenged made it applicable to the States through SEC. 5. It any provision of this Act or the the due process clause of the 14th application of any provision thereof to any statute satisfied this three-pronged test. amendment. The Court has also stated, person or circumstance is judicially deter­ It was meant to enforce the equal pro­ however, that the State has some mined to oe invalid, the remainder of th.J.H tection clause of the 14th amendment on countervailing interest which may be ap­ Act or the application of such provision to behalf of persons who had migrated to plied to qualify the constitutional right. other persons or circumstances shall not be New York City from Puerto Rico and who H.R. 254, the Abortion Rights Act, is affected by such determlna.tion. had been denied the right to vote be­ grounded upon the power of Congress to SEc. 6. This Act may be cited as the "Abor­ cause they could not read or write Eng­ enforce the guarantees of the 14th tion Rights Act of 1973". lish. It was "plainly adapted" to en­ amendment. The cases interpreting the Section 5 of the 14th amendment pro­ force this clause because the Congress 14th amendment hold that if a right is vides that- could and did find that giving these peo­ included in that amendment's various (t)he Congress shall have power to enforce. ple the vote would enhance their po­ prohibitions against the States, Con­ by appropriate legislation, the provisions of litical power and help in assuring that gress has broad power to effectuate that this article. they would not be discriminated against right as it sees fit. That congressional The nature of Congress power, under as Puerto Ricans: power may even extend to striking down It was well within congressional authority section 5, to enforce the guarantees set to say that this need of the Puerto Rican State statutes that are not facially viola­ forth in section. was discussed at length tive of the Constitution, so long as Con­ minority for the vote warranted federal in­ in Katzenbach v. Morgan, 384 U.S. 641 trusion upon any state interests served by gress action is designed to enforce the (1966). In enacting the Voting Rights Act the English literacy requirement. It was for constitutional right involved, is "plainly of 1965, Congress included a provision Congress, as the branch that made this judg­ adapted" to that end, and does not by that no person who has successfully ment, to assess and weigh the various con­ its terms violate any other provision of completed the sixth grade in a public or :fUcting considerations--the risk or pervasive­ the Constitution. accredited private school in the United ness of the discri.mlnatlon in governmental I include the text of H.R. 254 in the States, including Puerto Rico in which services, the effectiveness of ellminating the RECORD at this point: state restriction on the right to vote as a the predominant classroom language was means of dealing with the evil, the adequacy H.R. 254 other than English, shall be prevented or avallablllty of alternative remedies, and Be it enacted by the Senate and House of from voting in any election because of the nature and significance of the state in­ Representatives of the United States of his ability to read or write English. The terests that would be affected by the nullifi­ America in Congress assembled, That (a.) the provision was accompanied by a con­ cation of the English literacy requirement as Congress finds and declares tha.t- applied to residents who have successfully (1) the constitutional right of privacy, gressional finding that it was necessary completed the sixth grade in a Puerto Rican embodied in the first, third, fourth, fifth, and to secure the 14th amendment rights of school. It is not tor us to revfew the congres­ ninth amendments to the Constitution of the persons affected. In 1959, in Lassiter sional ref:olution of these factors. It is the United States, and applicable to the v. Northampton County Board of Elec­ enough that we be able to perceive a basis States through the due proces clause of the tions, 360 U.S. 45 <1959), the Supreme upon which the Congress might resolve the fourteenth amendment thereto, includes the Court had ruled that there was a State conflict as it did. 384 U.S., at 653 (ital added). right of any female to terminate a. pregnancy interest in literacy tests and that, if that she does not wish to continue; The Court also found that the law in (2) this right is a. fundamental and in­ fairly administered. they did not violate question did not violate any other pro­ herent right, and is likewise not subject to the Constitution. vision of the Constitution_ infringement by the United States or by the The appellees in Morgan argued that In other words, Congress bas the several States by virtue of the due process although Congress had the power to en­ power to find that a given State statute. clause of the fifth amendment to the Con­ force the 14th amendment, it could only or activity violates the 14th amendment, stitution of the United States and the due prohibit State activities which were vio­ process and equal protection clauses of the and to enact legislation which, in its lative of that amendment, and further, judgment, will ameliorate that violation. fourteenth amendment thereto; that the courts had the responsibility to (3) there is no countervailing Federal, so long as that remedial legislation does State, or public interest of a compelling or make the ultimate determination of not itself violate the Constitution. other nature sufficient to justify the infringe­ whether the prohibited activity was un­ The issue of congressional powers un­ ment of this right by the United States or any constitutional. They argued that since der the 14th amendment came before State. the New York literacy test in question the Court, once again in a voting rights (b) In order to secure the constitutional had not been shown to have been un­ context, in Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. rights set forth in subsection (a) and this fairly applied, it was constitutionally per- 112 <1970). The Voting Rights Act subsection, and in the exercise of its power mitted under the Lassiter decision and to enforce the fifth and fourteenth amend­ Amendments of 1970 enfranchised citi­ ments to the Constitution of the United not subject to prohibition by Congress. zens 18 years of age and older in Federal, States, the Congress declares that it is neces- The Court, by a 7 -to-2 margin, State, and local elections. The amend­ sary to prohibit the United States and the rejected this:. argument. It held that see­ ments also prohibited the use of literacy several States from enacting any law, State tion 5 of the 14th amendment was de- tests in State and Federal elections and January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1795 set up limited residence requirements for of the anticontraceptive statutes was to versy must exist at review stages and not deny disadvantaged individuals, "those simply when the action is initiated. presidential and vice-presidential elec­ (b) The District Court cor:rectly refused tions, but these titles of the act, and the without either adequate knowledge or re­ injunctive, but erred in granting declara­ Court's treatment of their constitution­ som·ces" to obtain counseling and assist­ tory, relief to Hallford, who alleged no fed­ ality, are not relevant to our discussion ance in birth control. Women in the up­ erally protected right not assertable as a of congressional power. per-middle and upper classes have the defense against the good-faith state prosecu­ In ruling on the title of the act which wherewithal to either get a friendly tions pending against him. Samuels v. Mack­ lowered the voting age to 18 in State and physician to perform an abortion when ell, 401 U.S. 66. local, as well as Federal elections, four one is needed or to travel to a jurisdiction (c) The Does' complaint, based as it is on contingencies, any one or more of l'lhich may Justices found it tc be entirely unconsti­ where abortion is legal. Low income not occur, is too speculative to present an tutional and four found it to be entirely women do not have this opportunity, and actual case or controversy. constitutional. Justice Black believed it is the action of the State, in enacting 3. St at e criminal abortion laws, like tho:.e that it was constitutional as to Federal and enforcing its abortion laws, which involved here, that except from criminality elections, but not as to State and local denies it to them. See, Griffin v. Illinois, only a life-saving procedure on the mother's contests, and his swing vote determined 351 U.S. 12 0956); Harper v. Virginia behalf without regard to the stage of her the outcome. In rejecting the argument State Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 pregnancy and other interests involved vio­ that the decision in Morgan permitted (1966) ; Williams v. Illinois, 399 U.S. 235 late the Due Process Clause of the Four­ teenth Amendment, which protects against the Congress to find that an age mini­ 0970); Morris v. Schoenfield, 399 U.S. state action the right to privacy, including a mum of 21 years violated the equal pro­ 508 0970). woman's qualified right to terminate her tection clause and to prohibit the St9.tes In conclusion then, abortion should at pregnancy. Though the State cannot override from enforcing such a minimum, Black all times be a medical matter to be that right, it has legitimate int erest~:. in pro­ stated that the primary purpose of the decided solely by the patient and her tecting both the pregnant woman's healt h equal protection clause was to prevent physician. We in Congress have the au­ and the potentiality of human life, each of discrimination because of race, and that thority and the responsibillty to fully which interests grows and reaches a "com­ Congress could not invade an area re­ pelling" point at various stages of t he protect the constitutional rights of woman's approach to term. served to the States by the Constitution American women in this regard, and we (a) For the st age prior to approximately unless it found that racial discrimination should act to do this by enacting H.R. the end of the first trimester, the abortion was involved. It is important to note that 254 at the earliest possible time. decision and its effectuation ;nust be left to although Black's opinion in Oregon I include the syllabi of the two cases the medical judgment of the pregnant against Mitchell announced the judg­ to be printeG. in the RECORD at the woman's attending physician. ments of the Court, it was his alone, and conclusion of my remarks: (b) For the stage subsequent to approxi­ no other Justice joined him in it. (Supreme Court of the United States, No. mately the end of the first trimester, the The other four Justices who voted that 7Q-18. Argued December 13, 1971-Re­ State, in promoting its interest in the health Congress could not lower the voting age argued October 11, 1972-Decided January of the mother, may, if it chooses, regulate 22, 1973] the abortion procedure in ways that are to 18 for State and local elections did reasonably related to maternal health. so far a variety of reasons. Justice Har­ ROE ET AL. VERSUS WADE, DISTRICT ATTORNEY (c) For the stage :.;ubsequent to viab1llty lan presented a lengthy historical dis­ OF DALLAS COUNTY the State, in promoting its interest in the course which he said indicated that the APPEAL FROM THE U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE potentiality of human life, may, if it chooses, equal protection clause was not intended NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS regulate, and even proscribe, abortion except to apply to State-imposed limitations on A pregnant single woman (Roe} brought a where necessary, in appropriate medical voting rights, even where those limita­ class action challenging the constitutional­ judgment, for the preservation of the life or tions were imposed in a racially discrimi­ ity of the Texas criminal abortion laws, health of the mother. which proscribe procuring or attempting 4. The State may define the term "physi­ natory fashion. Justice Stewart, writing an abortion except on medical advice for cian" to mean only a physician currently for himself, Chief Justice Burger, and the purpose of saving the mother's life. A licensed by the State, and may proscribe any Justice Blackmun, based his determina­ licensed physician {Hallford), who had two abortion by a person who is not a physician tion on the ground that while Congress state abortion prosecutions pending against as so defined. has broad power to determine what ac­ him, was permitted to intervene. A child­ 5. It is unnecessary to decide the injunc­ tion is appropriate to enforce the guar­ less married couple {the Does) , the wife tive relief issue since the Texas authorities antees of the 14th amendment, it lacks not being pregnant, separately attacked the will doubtless fully recognize the Court's rul­ laws, basing alleged injury on the future ing that the Texas criminal abortion statutes the power to determine the substantive possibilities of contraceptive failure, preg­ are unconstitutional. content of those guarantees and to de­ nancy, unpreparedness for parenthood, and 314 F. Supp. 1217, affirmed in part andre­ cide what State interests are "compell­ impairment of the wife's health. A three­ versed in part. ing.'' Thus, only three, and possibly four, judge District Court, which oonsolldated BLACKMAN, J., delivered the opinion of the of the members of the Court which the actions, held that Roe and Hallford, and Court, in which BURGER, C. J., and DOUGLAS, decided Oregon against Mitchell raised members of their classes, had standing to BRENNAN, STEWART, MARSHALL, and POWELL, any questions as to the continuing vi­ sue and presented justiciable controversies. JJ., joined. BURGER, C. J., and DOUGLAS and tality of Katzenbach. Ruling that declaratory, though not injunc­ STEWART, JJ., filed concurring opinions. tive, relief was warranted, the court declared WHITE, J., filed a Jissenting opinion, !n which Thus, Congress has the power to enact the abortion statutes void as vague and REHNQUIST, J., joined. REHNQUIST, J., filed a this legislation, which would strike down overbroadly infringing those plaint11Is' dissenting opinion. all State criminal abortion laws, if it can Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. reasonably :find that those laws, either The court ruled the Does' complaint not DOE ET AL. VERSUS BOLTON, ATTORNEY GEN• on their face or as applied, violate the justiciable. Appellants directly appealed to ERAL OF GEORGIA, ET AL. constitutional rights of individuals sub­ this Court on the injunctive rulings, and APPEAL FROM THE U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE ject to them. appellee cross-appealed from the District NORTHERN DISTRICT OF GEORGIA Court's grant of declaratory relief to Roe Now that the Supreme Court has and Hallford. Held: [Supreme Court of the United States, No. clearly stated that the due process clause 1. While 28 U. S. C. § 1253 authorizes no 70-40. Argued December 13, 1971-Re of the 14th amendment includes a right direct appeal to this Court from the grant argued October 11, 1972-Decided Jan­ to abortion, we in Congress have full au­ or denial of declaratory relief alone, review uary 22, 1973] thority to act to secure that right. is not foreclosed when the case is properly Georgia law proscribes an abortion except In additon to due process, State abor­ before the Court on appeal from specific de­ as performed by a duly licensed Georgia tion statutes also violate the equal pro­ nial of injunctive relief and the arguments physician when necessary in "his best clinical tection clause, for they clearly discrim­ as to both injunctive and declaratory re­ judgment" because continued pregnancy inate against the poor. Justice Clark's lief are necessarily identical. would endanger a pregnant woman's life or 2. Roe has standing to sue; the Does and injure her health; the fetus would likely be article, for example, refers to "the double Hallford do not. born with serious defects; or the pregnancy standard which permits those with s-ocial (a} Contrary to appellee's contention, the resulted from rape. § 26-1202(a) o! Ga. status and :financial ability to obtain natural termination of Roe's pregnancy did Criminal Code. In addition to a requirement abortions, while those in the lower social not moot her suit. Litigation involving preg­ that the patient be a Georgia resident and and economic classes are denied this op­ nancy, which is "capable of repetition, yet certain other requirements, the statutory portunity.'' Justice White's concurring evading review," is an exception to the scheme poses three procedural conditions in opinion in Griswold noted that the effect usual !~eral rule that an actual contra- § 26-1202(b): (1) that the abortion be 1796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE January 23, 1973 performed in a hospital accredited by the REHNQUIST, J., Joined. REHNQUIST, J ., filed a ment involvement and government regula­ Joint committee on Accreditation of Hos­ dissenting opinion. tion successfully run a program that is all pitals (JCAH); (2) that the procedure be government subsidies, involvement and regu­ approved by the hospital staff abortion com­ lation? mittee; and (3) that the performing phy­ FOCUS George Romney wants things to be simpler. sician's judgment be confirmed by independ­ Who doesn't? But they are not. If you just ent examinations of the patient by two abortion is not absolute. Boe v. Wade, supra. ance I have ever seen. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, Indeed 3. The requirement that a physician's deci­ Well, I took George's advice and got a today is a day of sorrow and grief. not sion to perform an abortion must rest upon copy of that undelivered speech. And now I'm "his best clinical judgment" of its necessity sorry that the Chamber people didn't get to only to those of us who were Members is not unconstitutionally vague, since that hear it Wednesday. during the time of this great President judgment may be made in the light of all I think they might now better understand and great giant of a man. Lyndon B. the attendant circumstances. United States v. why George Romney, the one-time whiz of Johnson, but, I think, to every Texan and Vuitch, 402 u.s. 62, 71-72. American Motors, the former famous governor every American who has had a chance 4. The three proced· •ral conditions in o! Michigan, turned out to be a dud at HOD. to understand recent American history. § 26-1202(b) violate the Fourteenth Amend­ (Well, almost.) It was not too long ago that I had the ment. Romney's HOD experience, you'll recall, (a) The JCAH accreditation requirement was marred by scandal. His programs to re­ great good fortune to visit briefly with ls invalid, since the State has not shown that hab111tate housing in large cities (including President Johnson. It was with expecta­ only hospitals (let alone those with JCAH Philadelphia) were spectacular failures. tion and hope that we were wishing that accreditation) meet its interest in fully pro­ Romney conceded that unscrupulous op­ the Lord in His wisdom would have per­ tecting the patient; and a hospital require­ erators with shady get-rich-quick schemes mitted him to remain in this earthly ex­ ment falling to exclude the first trimester o! bilked the poor with the government's help. istence a bit longer. pregnancy would be invalid on that ground Romney accused real estate salesmen, build­ alone, see Boe v. Wade, supra. Mr. Speaker, as he lived he died, and ers, contractors, and even some HOD em­ I believe that history will surely record (b) The interposition of a hospital com­ ployees o! "lining their own pockets," leav­ mittee on abortion, a procedure not applic­ ing the clt1es even worse off than before. his greatness. But there is one aspect able as a matter of state crlmlnal law to Romney was d.isillusioned by his experi­ that perhaps history never can quite re­ other surgical situations, is unduly restric­ ence at HUD and that's understandable ..• cord. tive of the patient's rights, which are already There was a human, plain, down-to­ safeguarded by her personal physician. but his undelivered speech was not about (c) Required acquiescence by two co­ changing the way the government deals with earth Lyndon Johnson that some of us practitioners also has no rational connection housing but about changing the way the gov­ had the brilliant opportunity to know. with a patient's needs and unduly infringes ernment deals with everything. The last time I spoke with him he on her physician's right to practice. Romney wants the country to give up on mentioned the fact that the main and 5. The Georgia residence requirement vio­ government involvement and switch to a principal reason why he had not sought lates, the Privileges and Immunities Clause "free-market economy." Competition and un­ fettered pursuit of profit ls the answer, he office again was simply because he had by denying protection to persons who enter been told on good medical authority that, Georgia for medical services there. says. If companies are allowed to compete freely, the consumer will benefit, because if 6. Appellants' equal protection argument if he did and he had the approval of prices will just naturally come down, things the American people, the chances were centering on the three procedural conditions will just naturally get better. Workers will in § 26-1202(b), invalidated on other against his surviving another ~ years. be paid on the basis of productivity, not on I think events proved that. grounds, is without merit. seniority or because of an across-the-board 7. No ruling is made on the question of agreement. Mr. PATMAN. Will the gentleman injunctive relief, Cf. Roe v. Wade, supra. And Romney says he is forming a "Con­ yield? 319 F. Supp. 1048, mod11led and am.rmed. cerned Citizens Movement" to bring this Mr. GONZALEZ. I yield to the gentle­ BLACKMUN, J., delivered the opinion of the great economic truth to the people. man. Court, in Which BURGER, C. J., and DOUGLAS, Well, I read that speech and I started to Mr. PATMAN. May I suggest to the BRENNAN, STEWART, MARSHALL, and POWELL, wonder about George Romney. I had to won­ gentleman that the Speaker has arranged JJ., joined. BURGER, C. J ., and DOUGLAS and der if George's philosophy had not contrib­ to have a special order set later on this STEWART, JJ., filed concurring opinions. uted to George's failure. Can a man who does week or next week for this occasion and WHITE, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which not believe in government subsidies, govern- we did not expect to have any speeches January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1797 on this subject today. If you yield to one, the past is the argument that the cost/ for reimbursement by so-called identi­ you will have to yield to all. benefit analysis that is used to evaluate fiable beneficiaries grossly misconceives I have a resolution to be introduced water projects is too gross an indicator to the nature of the Federal Government's later and also a program for the final properly designate the worth of a par- function. The Federal Government, un­ rites. ticular project. I have no doubt that we like the private sector, is the only entity Mr. GONZALEZ. I thank the distin­ have far to go in this field. That does not which has both the responsibility and the guished chairman. mean, however. that we should give up ability to construct needed water re­ It is my expectation to join with the completely. The fault of current evalu- source projects on which the benefits others when the official time for that ative methods that attempt to quantify to the Nation are delayed beyond the purpose arises, but I think here I should the social value of a government projects time which could induce the investment take the privilege of this 1 minute to say should not be levied at the project itself, of private capital. Water projects, of this: but at the method. I am convinced that course, are not the only Government pro­ The greatest shrine to the memory of we are making significant progress in gram that seeks the creation of social Lyndon Johnson is that which enshrines this area. benefits in the absence of sufficient pri- him in the hearts of every one of us. These criticisms are valid and should vate interest. We have education, hous­ particularly those who have been desig­ be made. Only by raising these objec- ing, welfare, mass transit, pollution, and nated members of the minorities of the tions can we make the necessary im- many other federally financed programs, United States, who will forever remem­ provements in the design and structure because it is clear that the market sys­ ber with gratitude his constant remem­ of water development programs. tem is not capable of investing sufficient brance and the fact that when in higher This is not, however, what the National capital in these efforts to the extent de­ office he never forgot them. Water Commission report bas done. manded by a nation intensely concerned Their recommendations do not seek to about the quality of life. improve our water resource evaluative Water projects are really no different NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION capabilities, they seek to blindly termi- than other socially oriented Government REPORT-A NATIONAL DISASTER nate any and all projects, whether those programs. As a result of water resource (Mr. LEGGETT asked and was given projects are worthwhile or not. This kind developments in the West we have in­ permission to extend his remarks at this of criticism is severely narrowminded and creased the productivity of agricultural point in the RECORD and to include ex­ serves little critical function. land geometrically, guarded against :flood traneous matter.) Let us consider some of the Commis- losses, conserved previously wasted run­ Mr. LEGGE'IT. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ sian's recommendations. They recom- o.fl', and slowed the disastrous process of tional Water Commission, created by mend frugal water use. Who can dis- erosion. I reject the contention of the Congress in 1968 to review national water agree with that? Water is a scarce na- Commission that such benefits only affect resource problems, has issued its long­ tural resource in this country, as such it a small segment of the population. These awaited report. should not be wasted. I fail to see, how- are nationwide problems that are of in­ Unfortunately, I am afraid that our ever, how the termination of reclamation terest to everyone. long wait has been in vain. While the projects will achieve that objective. It is interesting that the Commission draft of the report contains some valu­ My own State of California has one of singled out water resource projects as able recommendations, its positive as­ the most sophisticated water storage and wasteful Government subsidies. Water pects are almost completely negated by delivery systems in the country. Prior to _ development is the only Federal program its incredibly short-sided views on the the development of this sys~m all of the requiring a rigid economic analysis and future of Federal water projects. natural runo.fl' from the Sierra Nevada review even though benefits are as readily The Commission draft recommended: washed right out into the Pacific Ocean, obvious as the other Federal programs An end to new-irrigation and reclama­ ~ally inflicting untold fio~ damag~s not requiring this review. Water pro­ tion projects until at least the-year 2000. m Its wake. Today much of _thiS_ water JS grams only qualify for Federal money Deauthorization of an estimated $15 harnessed. As a result of this Wise water after they have justified their construe­ billion in water resources projects au­ policy, California can now boast the pro- tion through an intricate cost-benefit thorized 10 or more years ago; duction of 40 per?ent of the Nation's fruit evaluation. I do not oppose this evalua­ The discouragement of :flood plains; and nut production as well as a popula- tive method. This method serves the im­ Free-market cost based pricing pol­ tion of 20 ~o~ people. portant function of objectively differen- icies to reduce water consumption; and The C:o~Sion recommend~d an fm:d tiating between the more and the less The increase of irrigation, municipal to new l.ITlgatiOn and reclamation proJ- socially useful projects It may be in water and sewer rates to encourage ects until at least t~ year 2000. This has fact, that other Federal programs sh~uld frugal water use. g~t to be the most !~equitable and short- be subject to a similar review. Certainly, Considered together, these recom­ sighted statement m the report. There we need to at least look into this pos­ mendations amount to a dangerously are a large J?-llmber of long-range wa~r sibility. misguided attack on water resource de­ resource proJects that are only half built. Water development is also one of the velopment programs that have probably To stop these programs now would not few programs that not only pays for done more to develop this country than only be a ~oss waste of the mo~ey that itself soon after completion, it general­ any other single form of Government has ~n mv~ up to now, It would ly succeeds in making that payment project. unfarrly penalize those local ~reas that several times over. As irrigation is de­ This is not to say that water projects have matc~ed. Federal fun~ With a good veloped within a new area, Federal excise are without problems. Water proJects, deal ~f therr own mone_y With the under- and income tax collections increase like almost any Government program, stan~ ~at the proJect would nat be markedly. These collections eventually are not completely free of management curtailed~ midstream. . equal the cost of construction of the and evaluative deficiencies. The maJor recomm~ndat10ns of the Federal reclamation project and there­ There is very often too great a reliance repo~t, however, are onented toward ex- after periodically repeat this accrual. on structural alternatives to problems ten~ a greate: sha~ of the cost ~ The National Water Commission draft posed by either the lack or excess of the proJect to the unmediate ~~er: that IS, report has apparently neglected to con­ water. It used to be that we would dam or t~e ~armers an<;~ the m~Cipal . water sider the obvious long-term financial rechannel rivers and streams almost distn_cts. This kind of reonentat1on of returns from water resource develop­ without considering other less capital in­ prionties we do _not need. Th_e rep?rt ment. The report's absolute insistence tensive alternatives. Build a dam and a s~resses cost ~harmg, a system ~ which on cost sharing obscures the o1iginal ditch and our problems would be over­ direct bene~ci.aries of '!ate: proJects r~- philosophy behind cost-sharing tech- we thought. Today we know better, and pay all proJect costs With mterest. This ~ . our newer water projects reflect that theme re:fiects the Commission's opinion mques. Cost shanng. is employed to en­ knowledge. Most projects today are not that water resources should be :financed courage both the effiCient use of resources simply dams and ditches, they are com­ through conventional marketing and and the proper incidence of project costs. plex systems that integrate both natu­ pricing techniques without Government The amount that the direct beneficiaries ral biological and structural solutions to subsidies. pay for a project's output influences ef- water resource problems. This recommendation is full of incor- ficiency, since the assessment of charge· Another valid criticism often levied in rect assumptions. The blanket demand will affect the rate at which project- CXIX--114-Part 2 1798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE January 22, 1973 services are used. The absence of charges and November 1970; 699,000 cases were We would be pleased to submit this data to may induce waste, but excessive charges, shipped to Europe during the same period supplement our comments if the Committee feels it would be useful. as proposed by the Commission, may of 1971. This, however, was not the only So far as foreign export involvement ge?es, result in a failure to meet project po­ source of economic loss as a result of the we would like to point out that in the years tentials. strike. The stockpiling of supplies, immediately following World War II, Cali­ The National Water Commission has abnormal methods of transportation, ex­ fornia canners became increasingly in­ advocated the efficient use of our water. tended selling terms and increased costs terested in expanding exports of canned I cannot help but agree with them. Their of carrying additional inventories also foods to Europe. In the pre-war years, the recommendations, if implemented, will contributed to a loss in revenue. Industry had enjoyed considerable success in never achieve the stated objective, how­ While the dock strike reduced canned selling canned toads in Europe, but at the exports at home, import quota restric­ end of the war it found that entry to Euro­ ever. The western portion of the United pean markets was blacked by non-tariff bar­ States is basically an arid region. cali­ tions limited them from abroad. Cur­ riers (NTB's) of one kind or another arising fornia, for example, is subjected to 6 rently, Japan, France and other Com­ out of post-war conditions. In 1955, the Can­ months of wet and 6 months of dry mon Market countries impose various ners League sent a man to Europe to see what weather almost like clockwork. The quota restrictions. Recently the Com­ could be done to eliminate trade barriers mountain water that originates in the mon Market nations have aggravated and promote sales of California canned fruit. yearly snowfall must be stringently this situation with their move to institute Through the combined efforts of this man managed if it is to last through the ex­ regulations pertaining to standardized and the U.S. Government, some success in This liberalizing restrictions working against the tended dry season. Moreover, most of the containers. move, which seems California Canned Food Industry was rainfall in California falls in the north­ harmless enough, may have the effect of achieved. In the interest of time, we will not ern portion of the State, requiring an excluding many popular American can comment further on this activity except to extensive transfer system to get the sizes. Regulations of this sort would re­ note that this gentleman eventually was water to the large populations in the quire a massive conversion of can-mak­ transferred to the National Canners Associa­ south. This system is nearly completed, ing machinery and would tend to put tion in Washington, D.C. a.nd continued these but the Water Commission's recom­ American canned goods at a distinct efforts until 1970 when the program was mendations would put a halt to the competitive disadvantage. terminated. (2) Although the League is not presently finishing touches of this remarkable At this point in the RECORD I would involved in any export programs as such, its engineering achievement. like to insert the statement of the Can­ members are benefiting from the excellent Rural America has suffered long ners League of California to the State programs being carried out under the enough from the neglect of an ever­ Senate Committee on Agriculture and auspices of the Cling Peach Advisory Board. growing urban society. The extermina­ Water Resources on the problems facing We understand the representative from tion of vital water projects would not California's agricultural export market: C.P.A.B. is here a.nd will comment in some only accelerate this decay, it would even­ STATEMENT OF THE CANNERS LEAGUE OF CALI:­ detail on the Boards' activities. For the rec­ ord, we would like to note that the assistance tually effectuate the stagnation of the FORNI:A TO THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON AGRI:­ CULTURE AND WATER RESOURCES ON CALI:­ given to California canners through the use urban economy as well. of PL 480 fpr advertising and promotion to I urge the Water Commission to con­ FORNI:A AGRI:CULTURAL EXPORT MARKET SH'UATION build export sales is of significant value. sider these objections in their final draft. Further to the question of export pro­ The future of the West and the country This Statement is submitted on behalf of grams, it should be pointed out that two of could be at stake. the Canners League of California, whose our members, California Canners & Growers thirty-one members account for approxi­ and Tri/Valley Growers have joined forces to mately 85% of the States' production of form the Cal Valley Exports. This organiza­ canned fruits and vegetables. The California tion has been set up to facilitate and increase EEC DANGEROUS TRADE BARRIERS Canning Industry annually produces ap­ sales of these firms' products to Europe and TO OUR DOMESTIC CANNING proximately 200,000,000 cases of canned fruits other foreign destinations. INDUSTY and vegetables and this amount represents (3) One of the principal concerns of our approximately 40% of the total U.S. produc­ tee at this Hearing and we want to especial­ who suffered economic losses as a result of Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, the Cali. ly thank the Chairman for focusing atten­ last year's extended West Coast Longshore­ fornia canning industry, largely respon. tion on problems associated with the export men dispute. As for our Industry, in Novem­ sible for the excellent and reasonably of California Agricultural commodities. ber of 1971, the League developed some in­ priced canned fruits and vegetables that Before commenting on the specific ques­ formation on the impact of the strike and tions raised by the Committee, it might be sent it to the then Director of Agriculture, are available throughout the United of interest to point out that ba.sed on 1971 Jerry Fielder. The figures illustrated the States, and also a healthy exporter of data, California ranked third among all the crippling effects the strike had on our In­ these goods to European nations, faces states in Agricultural exports. For the fiscal dustry. We pointed out that export figures several bothersome tariff and nontariff year 1971, farm exports for California totaled to Europe of peaches for the period of June­ barriers to an increase in their level of $555 million; Illinois was first with $655 mil­ November 1970, was 1,448,000 cases. For the export activity. lion, and Iowa second with $592 million. same period in 1971, peach exports to that This industry annually produces some About one-third of California's farm exports market dropped to 699,000 cases. Fruit Cock­ were fruits and preparations with shipments tall shipments to Europe in 1970 June-No­ 200 million cases of canned fruits and amounting to $184 million. California export vember was 577,000 cases; in 1971, 366,000 vegetables. This amount represents ap· sales of canned fruits have averaged about cases. The total economic losses suffered by proximately 40 percent of the total U.S. $40,594,000 per calendar year during the past our Industry from the dock strike are diffi­ production. Much of this production, fivo years. cult to estimate, but stock piling of supplies, some $184 million worth, makes its way Our remarks will generally follow the sug­ abnormal methods of transportation, ex­ from California fields to European ports. gested format as outlined in the Notice of tended selling terms and increasing costs of This level of export activity has of late, Hearing. carrying additional inventories all contrib­ (1) We understand that other Industry uted significantly to canner costs. The lack however, been threatened by devastating groups submitting information to the Com­ of California canned products in hard-won transportation strikes, import quota re· mittee will be commenting in detail on overseas Inarkets forced canners to discon­ strictions, and Common Market regula· statistics concerning California's export of tinue merchandising programs. Some mar­ tions establishing standardized con­ canned fruits with emphasis on Cling kets may have been permanently lost. The tainers. Peaches and Fruit Cocktail, the principal ex­ loss of sales in foreign markets also had an The west coast longshoreman strike port canned food items. Therefore, to avoid adverse effect on domestic marketing condi­ succeeded in wiping-out a large portion duplication, we will not burden the Com­ tions which are also difficult to assess but mittee with further statistical data. The there is no doubt the strike increased eco­ of the canning industry's European ex­ League annually compiles extensive reports nomic hardships for both producers and port. The industry's figures aptly demon· on California packs and stocks of ·canned processors. One of the many "minor" prob­ strate this fact: 1,448,000 cases of peaches fruits and vegetables and U.S. import and ex­ lems this strike caused was to bring about were exported to Europe between June port figures of ~anned fruits and vegetables. a near crisis in the States' processing of January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1799 Fruit Cocktail because of a shortage of cently announced substantial rate reductions by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. canned pineapple. Pineapple is shipped into for canned food items destined for Europe. Critics have been quick to point out that the State from Hawali and is a key ingredi­ As far as Federal assistance goes, we would this is not the way we would do it in the ent of this popular canned fruit item. Ob­ like to note that through a cooperative ef­ viously, our Industry would welcome some fort of the U.S.D.A. • California Canners and United States; and they, of course, are way of making sure that it would be spared the Canned Fruits Boards of Australia and absolutely correct. But does that make a. repeat of the disruptive effects that result South Africa, a program has been established it ipso facto an improper solution for from such a controversy. to exchange export sales information on the Philippines? Perhaps the most serious obstacles to canned peaches. It is hoped that under this President Marcos states, and almost canned food exports are non-tariff barriers, arrangement, marketing decisions in Europe everyone agrees, that there are other which In some instances amount to absolute on peaches can be made in a more informed problems, severe ones, facing the Philip­ barriers. Chief among these as far as our way. Industry is concerned, are import quota re­ (5) and (6) Our suggestions for improv­ pines besides the Communist movement. strictions pl~ced on certain food items. Cur­ ing foreign export trade policies, programs, Venality in civil service, inefficiency in rently, Japan, France and other common and procedures, and what role the State government, excessive politicking, and market countries impose various quota re­ should play in the California export picture perhaps most important, land reform, strictions on some canned food items. These can be summed up rather concisely. The all must be dealt with by the government. import quotas have acted to exclude anum­ problems of the California exporters should These are internal Filipino problems that ber of products produced in California. Un­ be forcefully presented to those in Wash­ require Filipino solutions. President Mar­ less our Government maintains a posture ington, D.C. who are responsible for for­ of vigorous opposition to such practices, little mulating and implementing International cos, realizing this, has taken steps to deal hope can be seen for improved canned food Trade Policy. We also feel that the Executive with them. sales to these countries. Branch of the State Government should be­ There are those who say that President Still another NTB of concern to our Indus­ come more involved in the States' export Marcos declared martial law in order to try is the recent move by European Com­ trade problems. manipulate himself into another term munity (E.C.) members to promulgate regu­ Mr. Chairman and members, we appreciate as leader of his country, which is cur­ lations for establishing so-called standardized the time alloted to us to present our views rently forbidden in the Constitution of containers. Most of these containers would and welcome any questions you may have. be required to meet certain metric measure­ the Philippines. It should be pointed out, ments for diameter and height. Many of our however, that a constitutional conven­ popular can sizes may either be excluded out­ tion which has been working over a new right or put at a distinct sales disadvantage. KOREAN -PHILIPPINES ACTIONS Constitution since June 1971 had already This is because that along with the stand­ While granting that martial law has its stand It, the proposed regulations would re­ Mr. LEGGE'IT. Mr. Speaker, recently faults, and there have been charges of quire that all food containers not standard­ we have witnessed events in both the abuses in this instance, we must recog­ ized be priced both on a unit price method Republic of Korea and the Republic of nize this state of affairs primarily as and a price per container. This of course the Philippines that, by their contrast a Filipino attempt to solve Filipino prob­ would not be popular with the European lems, and we can certainly do no less buyers because of the added work involved. with the democratic traditions familiar Canners resist changing can sizes because of to us, have caused a great deal of com­ than to wish them well and an early the enormous cost of converting can making ment in this country. In both instances, restoration of full democratic govern­ machinery. fiber boxes, etc., to new dimen­ recent impositions of martial law have ment. sions. We are hopeful the U.S. Government been instituted to counter, in the opin­ A like situation exists in Korea, where will communicate our Industrys' concern ions of the elected leaders of these re­ President Chung Hee Park has imposed about this situation and press for a satis­ spective countries, threats to their con­ martial law, which law already is being factory resolution of the problem. tinued stability and attainment of na­ relaxed, due in part to the support his One of the more onerous protective devices in developed by the E.C. ls the Variable Sugar tional objectives. Much of the comment government received the November 21 Levy. Historically, several European coun­ that ensued revolved around the fact that referendum on the new Korean Consti­ tries have reserved the Tight to maintain lev­ these events are foreign to our own ex­ tution. ies on sugar added to canned fruits. In 1968, perience and, it has been suggested, Again, President Park has cited prob­ the E.C. Initiated a permanent system of im­ threaten the democratic framework of lems unique to Korea that call for this port levies and export subsidies on the sugar the countries in question. action. As in the case of President added content in processed fruits and vege­ Marcos, President Park has been accused tables. Under the Kennedy round of ta.rtif Such comment is not unexpected; the negotiations, the U.S. made an effort to end United States has committed a great deal of having as his sole motivation his own the proposal for an added Sugar Levy, but of money and effort to these nations in continuance in office. Certainly, that is such efforts were unsuccessful and we have hopes that, with our help, they would one effect of the new Constitution; Presi­ been burdened with it in one form or an­ find their way each to a democratic gov­ dent Park, however, states that the deli­ other ever since. We hesitate at this point to ernment responsive to the needs and cacy of events which could result in the go into a concise explanation o! how the Levy wishes of their citizens. By and large, eventual reunification of Korea required works in view of the fact that in 1970 the Na­ these efforts have succeeded on such a his actions. This objective is to be lauded tional Canners Association presented a thirty­ all eight page document to the Trade Informa­ scale as to make us proud to be allied from points of view, none deny that tion Committee explaining it and how it with the Korean and Filipino peoples a unified Korea would be a tremendous affects our Industry. We believe that the U.S. The question that has been raised re­ asset to the stability of East Asia. The should more vigorously pursue the goal of a cently is, are all the gains of the years imposition of martial law has in no way fixed duty covering the sugar added in can­ and efforts on both sides of the Pacific been allowed to interfere with the cur­ ned foods. now to be lost? rent work toward unification. The evi­ (4) Regarding governmental assistance In the case of the Republic of the dence of the vigor with which this is be­ from the loea.l standpoint, it should be noted ing pursued can easily be seen here in (and we expect others will comment on this Philippines, President Ferdinand Marcos subject) and through the good efforts of the declared martial law in order to enable Washington in the efforts of Ambassador California Department of Agriculture, im­ himself to deal more effectively with the Dong-Jo Kim to keep U.S. officials petus was given to the formation of a Call­ threat posed by the "New Peoples Army" abreast of developments. fornia cooperative corporation under the to the stability of his government. While These developments continue to be Webb-Pomerene Export Trade Act. This new critics have charged that this threat per­ optimistic, in that the dialog between corporation will seek to find some way haps has been overstated, it must be around the high freight rates which have North and South Korea continues from discriminated against canned goods ship­ pointed out that Mr. Marcos, as duly the level of the Red Cross negotiations to ments to Europe. By virtue of ·:.he existence elected President, did not exceed the visitations to the highest levels of both o~ thts organization called Pac11lc Agricul- authority granted him in the Philippine governments. Reunification of Korea will tural Coopen.tlve for Export, Inc., (P.A.C.E.) Constitution, and that his assessment not happen overnight: a long process, the Pacific Coast European Conference re- of the threat to his country was shared sometimes entirely dependent on agree- 1800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE January 23, 1973 ment on some of the most minute, mun­ hydrofoils tend to bank like an aircraft range, :fi.ring its misslle, and run. Because of dane topics for progress, will be required rather than roll when turning. the hydrofoil's small size, its radar and sonar before this objective is finally reached. At this point in the RECORD I would reflections, while at rest, were indistinguish­ able from those of the fishing boats. With President Park has shown a willingness like to insert the November 10 Christian four surface-to-surface missiles, it had the to apply Korean solutions to Korean Science Monitor article on hydrofoils, firepower to destroy the cruiser. problems, and as in the case of President entitled, "Riding High Over Convention­ A carrier task force is at sea. A storm is Marcos, Americans can do no less than al Naval Strategy'': brewing, and the seas are running. The ships wish him well. RIDING HIGH OVER CONVENTIONAL NAVAL have been forced to bell down to 5 knots. Perhaps these incidents point out a STRATEGY A sonar operator detects the faint ping of lesson for the United States in foreign (By David F. Salisbury) an unidentified submarine that quickly fades policy. Perhaps it is not necessary to BosToN.-When President Nixon and Com­ away. have "democracy in our own image" all munist Party Leader Leonid I. Brezhnev met SCENE NO.2 around us to be assured that the peoples in Moscow this year, they exchanged gifts. Mr. Two hydrofoils, rigged this time with anti­ of the world are receiving the benefits of Nixon gave a Cadillac; in return Mr. Brezh­ submarine gear, not missiles, are sent in liberty. American democracy is unique to nev presented the President with ... a model pursuit at 40 knots through 10-foot waves; America; it fits this time and this pl~e of a sleek Volga class hyr'rofoil. Later, the when they reach the approximate site, one Russians delivered the real thing to the of the hydrofoils stops, lowers its sonar gear, as no other system could. But Korea 1s United States, complete with fur-lined seats and picks up contact. The second hydrofoil, another place, and the Philippines yet and Georgian-silver appointments. with directions from its partner, continues another and in those places the people The hydrofoil is not just the result of 30 to close. must b~ free to determine their own years of Russian hydrofoil development-it As the second hydrofoil gains position destinies. is a symbol of the growing worldwide inter­ above the unidentified submarine it begins to est, both military and commercial, in the move out of the range of the first sitting hy­ strange-looking, high-riding craft. drofoil's sonar. So the "bird-dogging" hy­ NEW AND OLD WEAPON SYSTEMS Many observers detect a revolution in naval drofoil stops, loweTs its sonar equipment, ARE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE thought, catalyzed by the development of and exchanges roles with its partner. They hydrofoils and other "non-displacement" keep up this game of "leapfrog" until the sub (Mr. LEGGETT asked and was given ships. Just as the American aviator Billy is either sunk or chased off. permission to extend his remarks at this Mitchell dramatically demonstrated the MOST UNSUITED FOR OCEAN point in the RECORD and to include ex­ worth of air power by bombing the obsolete battleship Alabama in 1921, so the capabil­ Most commercial hydrofoils run with their traneous matter.) foils only partially out of the water. They are Mr. LEGGETI'. Mr. Speaker, as a ities of a new generation of missile-carry­ ing hydrofoils are causing a number of relatively stable and inexpensive but are member of the Armed Services Commit­ navies to rethink the organization and effec­ unsuited for the open ocean. tee, I have consistently sought to trim the tiveness of their conventional surface fleets. Navy hydrofoils are more sophisticated. fat off of this Nation's defense budget. Advocates claim that military hydrofoils Their foil system rides completely below the I have done so in the pursuit of a strong surface of the water, while hoisting the hull will have a far-reaching effect on naval well above the often rough surface. The national defense, and in the interest of strategy and tactics-that they may even disadvantage of this is that a complex control the American taxpayer. make obsolete '·he carrier task force, the pri­ system is necessary to keep the ships upright. Programs such as the Washington, mary unit of the U.S. Navy. The missile-carrying hydrofoil project, D.C., ABM system, and the CV AN-70 AMBITIOUS NATO PROGRAM scheduled for completion in 1974, has been nuclear carrier add little to our national The United States, with Italy and West contracted to the Boeing Company. If the defense, but a great deal to our national Germany is now embarked on an ambitious prototype lives up to design requirements the debt. In fact, in some cases these pro­ NATO program to design and construct pro­ NATO powers are expected to order as many grams only tend to further weaken our totype hydrofoils. Comdr. Karl M. Duff of as 25 craft. Boeing management considers the Naval Ship Systems Command, former the financial potential to be equivalent to national defense, since they tend to goad skipper of the hydrofoil Highpoint, calls it that of the B-52 program. the Russians into a similar deployment, "probably the most significant of all ad­ Approximately $35 million has been ap­ and thus exacerbate the arms race. vanced ship programs yet undertaken by propriated for design and construction of One of the primary minus factors of the u.s. Navy." the prototypes of the missile hydrofoil. mammoth programs like Safeguard ABM The Soviet Union also has a well-estab­ Following the completion of the first two 1s that their excessive cost tends to delete lished interest in the military potential of prototypes theTe will be an extensive period some valuable, but less glamorous con­ hydrofoils. For a number of years it has of testing and evaluation. maintained hydrofoil patrols on the Black, ventional weapon systems. If the hydrofoil meets design specifications We do need to update many of our Caspian, and Baltic Seas. Currently the Rus­ it wlll go into production and as many as 25 conventional systems, and we can do so sians are testing a new-generation hydro­ may be ordered by the U.S. and NATO ooun­ fall, Typhoon, probably equivalent to the try navies. at a low economic and political cost. U.S. missile hydrofoil in sophistication. These weapons are not, for the most part, What advocates see as the military potential Official Pentagon sources are unwilling to destabilizing; that is, they do not threat­ of the hydrofoll and the increasing vulner­ comment on the future of the llydrofoil past en the Russian nuclear deterrent, and do abllity of conventional warships is indicated this stage; however, there are indications not stimulate an expensive escalation of in two hypothetical scenes sketched by that the missile-carrying hydrofoils will be sources both in and out of government. deployed in the Mediterranean and Baltic strategic arms. Seas as a counter to Soviet hydrofoils and One weapon that has a relatively low SCENE NO.1 Russian-built missile-carrying patrol boats cost, and a high potential is the hydrofoil A light cruiser is routinely patrolllng a now in these areas. now being developed by Boeing for the Southeast Asian shore. Her speed is about PAIR WORKED WITH FLEET United States, Italy, and West Germany. 15 knots ( a knot is 1.16 m.p.h.). It is nearly Navy Research and Development is request­ This program 1s slated to produce two dusk and a number of fishing boats dot the ing appropriations to design and build two missile-carrying prototypes. These proto­ area. Radar and sonar operators are on the newer types of hydrofoils. One would be ca­ types, allocated $35 million for design alert, looking for anything unusual. pable of speeds up to 60 to 80 knots. The and construction, are scheduled for com­ Suddenly the radar operator picks up a other would be larger, perhaps the forerun­ pletion in 1974. high-speed echo moving too fast to be an ner of a high-speed minicarrieT. Besides speed, hydrofoils have the ad­ airplane. Furthermore, one of the blips he It was the performance of the Tucumcari, vantage of riding high out of the water took to be a sampan on the outer limits of a hydrofoil gunboat, that secured Boeing on submerged foils. In this respect they the cruiser's radar (about 25 miles) starts this contract. moving away at more than 40 knots. Battle are like submarines, 1n that they are Both Tucumcari and a Grumman-built stations sound. But even before the siren hydrofoil, Flagstaff, completed a tour of duty relatively unaffected by surface condi­ stops blaring, the retreating "sampan" has in Southeast Asia during the last six months tions. In fact, some advocates claim that disappeared from radar range and the high­ of 1970, attached to the Pacific Fleet. They they would be excellent for submarine speed object (the "sampan's" missile) has participated successfully in fleet maneuvers. surveillance. hit the cruiser. Tucumcari then toured the NATO countries Another advantage of hydrofoils is The attacker, a missile-carrying hydrofoll, in a. successful effort to enlist their suppor) their maneuverability. Unlike most ships, had lain in wait until the cruiser w~ just in in the missile hydrofoil system. On the tour, January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1801 lasting six months, Tucumcari took NATO so much of the firm's computer capacity (one point in the RECORD, and to include ex­ admirals and dignitaries on demonstration of the largest in the country) that it can only traneous matter.) "fllghts" and was thoroughly tested by the be run in the middle of the night when there Mr. various countries' naval research divisions. are no other demands on the computer sys­ Mr. BROOKS. Speaker, one of the She passed all the tests with flying colors. tem. objectives of the Legislative Reorganiza­ Roy MacLeavy, editor of Jane's Surface In 1967, the Egyptians, operating a Rus­ tion Act of 1970 was to stimulate in­ Skimmers: Hovercraft and Hydrofoil, stated, sian-built KOMAR, a conventional patrol creased activity on the part of standing "The vessel which has contributed most to boat With a top speed of about 40 knots, committees of the House a-nd Senate in Winning over NATO navies [to hydrofoils] is destroyed the Israeli flagship Elath With a reviewing the administration of existing undoubtedly the Boeing Tucumcari." Styx surface-to-surface missile. This in­ laws. The latest hydrofoils, riding high out of cident caused the U.S. Navy to ask NATO to Section 118 of that act (Public Law the water on submerged foils, are like sub­ counter this type ·of threat. The missile marines in one respect: They are relatively hydrofoil program was the outcome. 91-510) provides: unaffected by surface conditions. As such, SEc. 118. (a) (1) Section 136 of the Legis­ advocates say, they are ideal for submarine lative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. surveillance. 190d) is amended to read as follows: Maneuverability is another advantage PUNCTURE OF THE "MICHELIN" "LEGISLATIVE REVIEW BY SENATE STANDING claimed for hydrofoils. Most ships tend to co~~ITTEEs roll when turning. But the foil system, with of the application, administration, and ex­ DRAWBACKS ALSO FOUND Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, as a Con­ ecution of the laws enacted by the Congress, But detractors say the hydrofoils have gressman deeply disturbed by the rising and drawbacks, too: tide of foreign-made products in the "(2) its formulation, consideration, and Many U.S. Navy people consider them to enactment of such modifications of or U.S. market, I commend the action taken changes in those laws, and of such additional be simply "interesting toys." These critics by the Treasury Department against say their unusual capabilities and problems legislation, as may be necessary or appro­ make them difficult to integrate into con­ Michelin Tire Ltd., of Canada. priate, ventional fleets. According to Assistant Treasury Sec­ each standing committee of the Senate shall While the hydrofoil's small size provides retary Eugene Rossides, as reported by review and study, on a continuing basis, the cost and tactical advantages, it also means the Associated Press, the Treasury De­ application, administration, and execution of that with necessarily small crews, each crew­ partment has upped the tari1Is from 4 to those laws, or parts of laws, the subject mat­ ter of which is within the jurisdiction of that man must know the basics of running the 10.6 percent on the 1973 factory prices of committee. . .." ship in an emergency. Michelin's X-radial steel-belted tires Moreover, the operating range is limited turned out in the Canadian Province of Section 118(b) and rule XI 28(a) of by high fuel consumption and low fuel-tank the Rules of the House of Representa­ capacity. (The Navy plans to minimize this Nova Scotia. by operating hydrofoils in groups of four or The Department did so, according to tives contain identical language with re­ more, each with a support ship carrying spare the AP, on word that the Canadian tire spect to House Committees. parts and fuel.) producer had received large government One of the functions of the Joint Com­ The complicated electronics systems of the subsidies to the competitive disadvantage mittee on Congressional Operations, of hydrofoil are beyond the understanding of of our companies in our market. Specif­ which I had the honor to be chairman anyone but electronics experts. "How," crit­ ically, the Michelin plant was given gov­ in the 92d Congress, is to study the op­ ics ask, "are they to be fixed at sea?" ernment grants totaling $23 million, the eration of the Legislative Reorganization (Easily replaceable electronic modules are Act of 1970. offered as a partial answer. Also it turns out AP said, plus a $50 million low-interest that hydrofoils equipped With water-jet pro­ loan. Meanwhile, its local property tax In connection with this study, together pulsion require less maintenance than con­ assessment was lowered. with Senator LEE METCALF, vice chair­ ventional ships because of their vibration­ The plant, the AP said, was built in man of the committee, I sent a letter free ride.) 1971 for the main purpose of penetrating dated September 22, 1972, to the chair­ As with all revolutions, the roots of this the U.S. market with its radials. man of each of the standing committees one stretch far back into the past. Through Obviously, it had· expected to grab an of the House and Senate as follows: the past 15 years, the United States alone has spent about $85 million researching and de­ unfair share of the U.S. radial business DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: As you know, Section veloping hydrofoils. The effort in Russia dates through the subsidy route and I am grati­ 118 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of back twice as far and is of even greater mag­ fied that the Treasury Department acted 1970 (PL. 91-510), as amended by PL. 92- nitude. quickly to upset its plans. 136, requires standing Committees of the But the idea of the hydrofoil-a revolution Secretary Rossides was quoted as say­ House and the Senate after January 1, 1973 in its own right that frees a ship's hull from to make reports to their respective Houses on the surface-has much earlier beginnings. ing that the tari1f boost on Michelin was their activities in revieWing and studying the the first action of its kind taken by the ~ODEL TESTED ~ 1891 "application, administration and execution In 1891, the Italian inventor, Enrico For­ Department and that it was intended as of those laws or parts of laws, the subject Uani, stood on the shore of Lake Magginot a signal to other countries. It appears to matter of which is within the jurisdiction of and watched his model "hydrovaned boat" me that such a signal has been overly that Committee." rise up on slender legs and speed across the long in coming. Section 118a requires Senate Committees to surface of the water. In recent years we have seen the trade file such reports not later than March 31st Twenty-eight years later, Alexander Gra­ balance turned more and more against us of each odd-numbered year and Section 118b ham Bell, working With Casey Baldwin, de­ requires House Committees to file such re­ signed and built the HD--4, the first opera­ and many of our industries-notably ports "not later than January 2nd of each tive hydrofoll boat. In the summer of 1919, steel-severely hurt by increasing foreign odd-numbered year." on the water of Baddock Bay in Nova Scotia, imports. In too many cases the trade As these will be the initial reports under the HD--4 set a world water speed record of 61 story has been one of foreign countries these sections of the Reorganization Act, ·we knots. subsidizing their exports while maintain­ felt that the attached informa.tion contain­ The names of some of the companies at the ing devious barriers against our products. ing the legislative background might be of forefront of hydrofoil development are Boe­ This has to be stopped and the Treasury help to you in preparing these reports. ing, Grumman, Lockheed in the United The background information referred to in States; de Havllland in Canada; Aerospatiale Department's puncture of the Michelin scheme is a move in the right direction. the letter was inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL in France; Mitsubishi in Japan-all aero­ RECORD, volume 118, part 24, page 32353, by space companies and all applying modern Sena.tor Mansfield. technology to the problem of "underwater flight." We have made a tabulation of the leg.. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW .J The problems of underwater 1light are islative review reports flied by commit­ exceptionally complex. For example the

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 92D CONGRESS

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW ACTIVITIES REPORTS OF STANDING CO MMITTEES Pursuant to rule XI 28(b) or sec. 136 (Public law 79-601) as amended by sec. 118 (Public law 91-510))

Committee Date Report Authority · Content(coverage) Pages

Agriculture ______Dec. 29,1972 (1) ______legislation ______------______----_-----_.------42 Jan. 2, 1973 4 Armed Services ______Dec. 29, 1972 92-16~~ ~~~: ll~:-.t: Ruie ·x i2s== === ~~!~~~=i~~-~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~======91 Banking and CurrencY------Dec. 14, 1972 29- 1623 Sec. 118. ______do ______------_____ ------___ ------63 District of Columbia ______Oct. 18, 1972 99 Education and Labor------Jan. 2,1973 34 Foreign Affairs. ______------______.do ______======29 Government Operations ______------__ ------___ ------do ______~ti~~g92, 1633 i~~~Sec.l18(b) ii ~~ =~.=, Hk~i~. Rule =i rXI,~ ==::::: 28(a)+(b). ===:: _legislation~~~!~~!~~~ -- and~~~i_e~~ review ______==::::______=:::::::: ::::::::::: _ 299 Interior and Insular Affairs ______Dec. 21, 1972 92- 1625 H. Rule X I 28 ______------_____ .do .• ------40 lnterncrl SecuritY------Jan. 3, 1973 213 Jan. 2, 1973 _ ======_ ======:: ======: ======2 Interstate and Foreign Commerce ______------______do ______92-16!2~92- 1634 Sec.~~~~~~~ 136,==== H. Res. 170 ______legislation~~~~sJ~~i~:-~~~i_e_~: and review ·------151 Judiciary ______• ______---- ___ do •• ____ _ 92- 1636 Sec. 118. ______do ______------______38 Merchant Marine and Fisheries ______do ______92- 1629 ____ . do ______do ______------______73 Post Office and Civil Service ______Nov. 28, 1972 92- 1621 Sec. 136 ______:_do ______92- 1624 ______do ______84 Public Works·------Dec. 20, 1972 !!4 Science and Astronautics ______Dec. 1,1972 (1) H. Rule X I 28 .. ___ ------__ do ______------24 Veterans' Affairs ______Jan. 3, 1973 664 Ways and Means •.• ------Jan. 2, 1973 ~ti~~~ ~;~: Ut::===:: :::::: === ==: :: :_ ~~~~~~~i~:- ~~~i-e~ :::::::::::: == ::::: === :::::::: ===== :::::: 7

OTHER COMMITTEE REPORTS INVOLVING LEGISLATIVE REVIEW

Interstate and Foreign Commerce ______Jan. 2,1973 92- 1632 H. Res. 170 ______FCC monitoring of employees' telephones ______77 Post Office and Civil Service ______Dec. 5,1972 92- 1622 ------Examples of improved manpower management in the Federal 52 Government. Select Committee on Small Business ______Dec. 21,1972 92- 1626 H. R&s. 5, H. Res. 19 ______Studies and investigations ______30[

1 Committee print. 2 letter. Senate committees are not required to ognition to Ukraine was granted by the Cen­ famines, deportations and outright execu­ file legislative review reports until tral Powers and a number o! states o! the tions; Entente, including France and Great Brit­ Both the Ukrainian Autocephalic Ortho­ March 31, 1973. After all the reports have ain. By 1920, Ukraine, alone and unaided, dox Church and the Ukrainian Catholic been filed, the Joint Committee on Con­ succumbed to the vastly superior forces of Church were ruthlessly destroyed and their gressional Operations will make a study Communist Russia, which destroyed the faithful members were incorporated into of this innovation in legislative procedure Ukrainian National Republic, created a the Kremlin-controlled Russian Orthodox and appraise its effectiveness in improv­ Communist puppet government in Ukraine Church. ing congressional surveillance of the ad­ known as the "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist All aspects of Ukrainian life are rigidly ministration of the laws. Republic," and incorporated it forcibly into controlled and directed by Moscow: the the "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" Academy of Sciences, all scientific and re­ (USSR). search institutions, universities, technicums INDEPENDENCE OF THE UKRAINE Today, the Kremlin is preparing whole­ publications, the press, party and government year celebrations throughout the Soviet apparatuses, youth, women's organizations, (Mr. PEPPER asked and was given Russian empire to commemorate the 50th trade unions and so forth; permission to extend his remarks at this anniversary of the "founding" of the So­ Arrests, trials and convictions of hundreds point in the RECORD and to include ex­ viet Union, which was established on Decem­ of young Ukrainian intellectuals, among traneous matter.) ber 30, 1922. them are noted writers and thinkers such as Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, it is my In this connection, the Central Committee V. Chornovil, I. Dzyba, I. Svitlychny, E. of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Sverstiuk, V. Moroz, L. Plishch, and many privilege to call to the attention of my (CPSU) and all its subservient branches in others. Yuriy Shukhevych, son of the Gen­ colleagues and lovers of freedom every­ the so-called "union republics" are conduct­ eral Roman Shukhevych, commander-in­ where the 55th anniversary yesterday of ing a mammoth propaganda campaign for chief of the UPA (Ukrainian Insurgent the proclamation of the independence of the purpose of creating another Soviet myth, Army), has been in and out of Soviet Con­ the Ukraine, and the 54th anniversary namely, that the USSR is a model multi­ centration camps since the age of 15; in Sep­ of the Act of Union of the Ukrainian national state, in which all component mem­ tember, 1972, he was again sentenced to ten people. This historic date in mankind's ber-republics are truly "sovereign", in which years at hard labor for refusing to denounce search for freedom reminds us that there the nationality problem has been solved" his assassinated father and the ideal for satisfactorily and in which relations between which he was killed: a free Ukraine. are many battles going on in the struggle the various nations are based on the ''prin­ Therefore, Sir, we kindly request you to for liberty and national independence. ciples of true equality and friendship". make appropriate statement in support of At this time, Mr. Speaker, I would like But, the reality is something different, as the Ukrainian people; or proclaim January to include in the RECORD a statement we can see in the case of Ukraine and the 22, 1973 as Ukrainian Independence Day to which was sent to me by Mr. Nicholas 47-million Ukrainian nation. be observed by all citizens in our City in pay­ Rakush, chairman of the Miami Branch The entire history of Soviet-dominated ing tribute to the Ukrainian people and their of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of Ukraine is a ghastly record in inhumanity, undaunted struggle for human rights and outright persecution and genocide, Russifi.­ freedom, which are the basic precepts of our America: cation and violations of human rights on a modern and civilized society. THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INDEPENDENCE scale not known in mankind's history. Under OF UKRAINE Stalin, Ukraine was marked for physical January 22, 1973 will mark the 55th An­ destruction and denationalization; under SOVIET EXIT TAX FLAUNTS WORLD niversary of the proclamation of the Inde­ Khrushchev and Brezhnev-Kosygin the out­ OPINION pendence of Ukraine, and the 54th Anniver­ right terror was replaced by the subtle proc­ sary of the Act of Union, whereby all ess of destroying the Ukrainian national (Mr. PEPPER asked and was given Ukrainian ethnographic lands were united consciousness and identity through Russi­ permission to extend his remarks at this into one independent and sovereign state fication, persecution of "Ukrainian bourgeois point in the RECORD and to include ex­ of the Ukrainian nation. Both the Inde­ nationalism," and the propagation of "fu­ traneous matter.) pendence of the Ukraine and the Act of Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, I am Union were proclaimed in Kiev, capital of sion" of all non-Russian nations in a spuri­ ous "all-Soviet people," which essentially shocked and dismayed by the decision Ukraine, on January 22, 1918 and January of the Supreme Soviet to adopt its in­ 22, 1919, respectively. would be the Russian people. Regrettably, the young Ukrainian demo­ In summing up the Soviet Russian rule in tolerable tax of emigration. Despite cries cratic republic was immediately attacked Ukraine, the following results exemplify the of protest, led by this body, from nations by Communist Russia, despite the fact that enslavement of Ukraine: throughout the world, the Soviet Union the new Soviet Russian government had During the 50-year nlle of Moscow over is intent on enforcing a policy that vir­ officially recognized Ukraine as an tnde-" Ukrain:ia, literally millions of Ukrainians tually prohibits emigration of the edu­ pendent and sovereign state. The same rec- have been annihilated by the man-made cated. January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1803 Soviet Jews are the principal victims strongly oppose any move to "normalize" are acting under orders from their masters, of this deplorable policy, simply because relations with this outlaw regime. the Sino-Soviet imperialists. "In view of the aforegoing, we declare: they seek to participate in the gathering­ I propose, therefore, a concurrent reso­ "First. That the actual Cuban regime in of the Jewish people in the State of lution declaring: is guilty of high treason to our fatherland Israel. That it is the sense of the Congress that and to the ideals of the freedom revolution Soviet leaders, in confirming this ob­ the President should not extend diplomatic which was started on October 10, 1868. noxious policy, may hope to pacify critics recognition to the government of Cuba as "Second. That this score of traitors who by imposing a graduated scale of pay­ long as Cuba is governed by the Castro have committed treason against our father­ regime. ment. The tax has been reduced in pro­ land, in case they survive the downfall of their regime, will have to respond, even with portion to the number of years of em­ It is my sincere belief that no progress their lives before the ordinary courts of ployment, and under the new statute, toward freedom for the Cuban people is justice of Cuba. there is no fee for disabled veterans or possible as long as this arrogant man is "Third. That as the noble Cuban people pensioners. But no one should be de­ in control of Cuba. I think this is the will not ever surrender, because that nation ceived. Even these modified exit fees are way the people of this country feel about was not born to be slave, we, the Cuban far from the grasp of Soviet residents, the question of diplomatic recognition people, hereby make the present declaration since the average education tax is still and I believe Congress should re:flect this of freedom. ' and for those with advanced de­ sentiment in simple unequivocal terms. "We hereby swear before God Almighty to $10,000 fight constantly, until death comes to us, to grees is even more prohibitive. It is my belief also that the American free Cuba from communism. This noxious tax amounts to ransom, people want to uphold the ideal of free­ "The fundamentals of this resolution for to blackmail, to slavery of Soviet Jews dom for the Cuban people and to show freedom are: who wish to escape the hostile environ­ their continued support of the aspira­ "First. God Almighty, above all things, in ment of Soviet society. The concessions tions of Cuban exiles to restore democ­ whom we believe as the essence of life. made by Moscow do not lessen the racy in Cuba. "Second. The fatherland, with all of its atrocity against basic human rights I am, therefore, reintroducing my joint laws, traditions, customs, and history as a spiritual value, only surpassed by the con­ which this tax represents. And those who resolution commending the Cuban Dec­ cept of God. value the basic human freedom of be­ laration of Freedom and declaring that "Third. The family, as the cornerstone of ing able to travel freely cannot accept or it is the objective of the United States to the human society. condone this or any form of insur­ encourage the restoration of these free­ "Fourth. Human rights, for each and every mountable barrier to the exercise of this doms in Cuba. citizen, regardless of race or creed. freedom. The text of my resolution, embodying "Fifth. The law, as the foundation for the This exit tax creates for me another this Declaration of Freedom, is as fol­ proper development of the human society. kind of insuperable barrier. It bars, as lows: "Sixth. Democratic government, with its three independent branches: Legislative, ex­ far as I am concerned, any consideration H. CoN. REs. 94 ecutive, and judicial. of the extension of "most favorable na­ Joint resolution commending the Cuban "Seventh. Representative democracy. tion" trade status to the Soviet Union. "Declaration of Freedom" through the exercise of universal sutrra.ge, The interest in normalized trade rela­ Whereas on January 23, 1966, a "Declara­ periodically, free, and secretive, as the ex­ tions cannot be so strong as to make us tion of Freedom" was adopted by one thou­ pression of popular sovereignty. · ignore the total disregard of human sand five hundred Cubans in exile meeting "Eighth. Freedom of worship, freedom of rights and values embodied in this exit in Key West, Florida; and teaching, freedom of the press and free enter­ Whereas this declaration was written at prise. tax. If Soviet leaders, knowing the depth the San Carlos Club from which the great "Ninth. Private property and ownership, as of feeling against this tax in the United Cuban patriot, Jose Marti in 1898, turned the basic expression of liberty. States, nevertheless insist upon it, then the course of history by proclaiming the "Tenth. '.L'he improvement of living condi­ there is very little substance to the ap­ ideological basis of a free Cuba; and tions for both rural and city working masses, parent "thaw" in U.S.-Soviet relations. Whereas Cuba. once again has fallen victim with the just and necessary measures, keep­ I urge my colleagues to join me in as­ to a. totalitarian regime as embodied by ing in mind the legitimate interests of both serting strongly and decisively that Castro communism; and labor and capital. there can be no t•elaxation of trade re­ Whereas the "Declaration of Freedom" "Eleventh. The derogation and eradication reads as follows: of anything which is opposed to the political strictions as long as Soviet Jews are sub­ "In the city of Key West, Monroe County, and religious fundamentals aforementioned, jected to the indignity of being bought State of Florida, United States of America, and specifically, the abolition of communism and sold. we, the Cuban exiles in the United States, and any other form of totalitarianism mani­ I will join enthusiastically with the in the name of God Almighty, and speaking festation. effort to enact legislation which makes both for ourselves and the oppressed people "Signed and sealed in Key West, Fla., on it clear that this is the sense of the Con­ in Cuba, the martyr island, do say: the 23d day of January, 1966." gress and of the American people. "That on January 1, 1959, the slavery yoke Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the House that came from Europe and was extinguished of Representatives (the Senate concurring), in Cuba at the end of the nineteenth century, That it is the sense of the House of Repre­ CUBAN DECLARATION OF FREEDOM was resumed. sentatives that this inspiring declaration "That those responsible for this high trea­ should be patriotically considered by all Rosie Moreno, Twinkle Morgan, Petra claimed the life of our distinguished Mr. KAZEN. Mr. Speaker, when the Muhlenbruch, Araceli Novoa, Diamantina majority leader, the Honorable Hale many splendid units of the inaugural Orezco, Adela Ramos, Diana Rangel. Boggs. This unfortunate event saddened parade marched down our historic Penn­ Hertencia Regalado, Sharon Reilly, Ana the entire Congress. sylvania Avenue last Saturday, I took Rodriguez, Rosie E. Rodriguez; special pride in 94 girls from J. W. Nixon Olga Roman, Irma Salinas, Norma G. Mr. Boggs, who represented the New High School in Laredo, Tex. This organi­ Orleans area in Congress for 28 years, Salinas, Cynthia Sanchez, Gwen Sanders, zation, known as the Golden Spurs, is Sonia Sandoval, Cynthia Santos, Laura was first elected to Congress in 1940 at not new to national attention, but par­ Santos, Suzanne Starr, Liz Terres, Mar­ the age of 26. He was one of the youngest ticipation in the inaugural parade was a cella G. Valdez, Sylvia Valdez, Cynthia men ever to serve in this body. He and I high point for these girls and for the Valls, Maureen Valls, Patsy Valle, Sylvia came here together and we quickly parade watchers. Vasquez, Alma Vela, Normalinda Vela, formed a close and warm friendship. I When President Nixon visited Laredo Cynthia Zuniga, Gloria Zuniga, Edna watched and admired his progress prior to the election, he saw the Golden Garcia, Shelley Goodman, Lee Keene, through all the intervening years. He Spurs in action. He invited them to par­ Sara Alicia Martinez, and Pamela served in the Navy during World War II; ticipate in the parade, and the girls Rodriguez. January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1805 ANNIVERSARY OF CUBAN EXILES' First: God Almighty, above all things, in MOLLOHAN, Mr. CLARK, Mr. ERLENBOR~, DECLARATION OF FREEDOM Whom we believe as the essence of Life. Mr. ESHLEMAN, Mr. ZION, Mr. BLACKBURN, Second: The Fatherland, with a.ll of its Mr. LATl:A, Mr. POWELL, Mr. PODELL, and (Mr. FASCELL .asked and was given Laws, traditions. customs and history as a spiritual value. only surpassed by the con­ Mr. WoN PAT. permission to extend his remarks at this Also: Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. MAYNE, Mr. point in the RECORD and to include ex­ cept of God. Third: The Fa.tiilly, as the cornerstone of MURPHY of New York, Mr. FASCELL, Mr. traneous matter.) the Human Society. ZWACH, Mr. Wn.LIAMS of Pennsylvania, Mr~ FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, Tuesday, Fourth: Human Rights, for each a.nd every Mr. GUYER, Mr. JoHNSON of Pennsyl­ January 23,1973, marks the seventh an­ citizen, regardless of race or creed. vania, Mr. HUDNUT, Mr. MYERS, Mr. HAN­ niversary of the signing of the Declara­ Fifth: The Law, as the foundation for the SEN Of Idaho, Mr. BAKER, Mr. HASTINGS, tion of Freedom by the CUban exiles in proper development of the Human Society. Sixth: Democratic Government, with its Mrs. CHISHOLM, Mr. SISK. Mr. FLOOD, Mr. the United states. WHITEHURST, Mr. VEYSEY., Mrs. BURKE Of On th1:1t day in 1966, in Key West, Fla., three independen·t branches: Legislative, Ex­ ecutive and Judicial. California, Mr. RINALDO, Mr. DOWNING, 1 500 proud Cubans who had been forced Seventh: Representative Democracy, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. YATRON, Mr. RAILs­ t~ nee their country and the oppression through the exercise of Universal Sufirage, BACK, and Mr. COUGHLIN. .of the Communist, Castro-dominated Perodica.lly, Free and Secretive, as the ex­ government. declared their commitment pression of Popular Sovereignty. to fight constantly "to free Cuba from Eighth: Freedom of Worship, Freedom of NIXON'S END-THE-WAR PLAN communism." Teaching, Freedom of the Press and Free In the declaration. these brave Cubans Enterprise. (Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN asked and Teaffirmed the fundamental principles of Ninth: Private Property a.nd OWnership, as was given permission to address the the basic expression of Liberty. 1 freedom. I call their commitment to the Tenth: The improvement of living cond1- House for minute, to revise and extend attention of our colleagues, and urge tions for both rural and city working masses, his remarks and include extraneous their careful consideration of this ex­ with the just and necessary measures, keep­ matter.) pression of faith in the democratic prin­ ing in mind the legitimate interests of both Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, ·ciples which have meant so much to our Labor and Capital. much has been made over the Presi­ Nation. Eleventh: The derogation and eradication dent's plan to end the war in Vietnam. DECLARATION OF FREEDOM of anything which is opposed to the political Some of his sharpest critics have called and religious fundamentals aforementioned, In tbe City of Key West, Monroe County, and specifi.cally, the abolition of Commu­ it a hoax while others have said that no .State of Florida, United States of America, nism and any other form of totalitarla.n. such plan ever existed. we. the CUban exiles in the United States, manifestation. The January 20 edition of the Chris­ in the name of God Almighty. and speaking Signed and sealed in Key West, Florida, tian Science Monitor carried an edi­ both "for ourselves and the oppressed people on the 23rd day of January, 1966. torial by Godfrey Sperling, Jr., entitled in Cuba. the Martyr Island, do say: , "What Happened to Nixon's End-the­ That on January 1st, 1959, the slavery yoke War Plan?" With the thought that many that came from Europe a.nd wa.s extinguished VETERANS' PENSION BENEFITS 1n Cuba at the end of the 19th century, was of my colleagues would be interested in resumed. Mr. HILLIS asked and was given this in-depth analysis which I believe 'That those responsible for this high permission to &.ddress the House for 1 places the President's plan to end the treason tB our Fatherland a.nd to our People minute and to revise and extend his re­ war in proper perspective, I am herewith a.re just a. score of traitors who, usurpa.tlng marks and include extraneous matter.> placing Mr. Sperling's editorial .in the the Government of the Country have been RECORD: acting as mercenary agents for the Sino­ Mr. Hn...LIS. Mr. Spea~er~ today I Soviet imperialism, and have surrendered to would like to reintroduce, along with 49 WHAT HAPPENED TO NIXON'S END-THE-WAR that imperialism our Freedom and our Dig­ cosponsors, legislation to restore veter­ PLAN? nity, also betraying the American Hemi­ ans' pension benefits to anyone who lost (By Godfrey Sperling, Jr.) 'Sphere. them due to the recent social security WASHINGTON.-Richard Nixon's prepl'eSi­ 'That :as a. consequence of this high treason, increase. dential plan to end the Vietnam war-a.ba.n­ those who a.re usurpa.ting the Power in Cuba Most of us have received numerous doned in large part during the early month'S ( a.s they weYe never elected by the People) , letters from constituents who have just of his administration-is heavily involved are imposing a regime of bloodshed, terror now in the move toward peace. a.nd hate without a.ny respect or considera­ discovered that because their overall in­ come rose last year when social security In the spring of the 1968 presidential cam­ -tion tG the -dignity of the human being or paign, Mr. Nixon felt certain be could bring 'the most elementary human rights. benefits incr~ased, this :rear their veter­ the Soviet Union ''to the side of peace in­ That in their hunger for Power, these ans' pensions will drop considerably. stead of war" by using "diplomatic, eco­ traitors. following the pattern of totalitarian Many of these veterans and their iam­ nomic, a.nd political leverage" on Moscow. regimes, are trying, within Cuba., to separate llies had already made plans to take ad­ He was convinced that by offering the Rus­ the Family. which is the cornerstone of vantage of that extra income, and now sians goods they badly needed he could get actual society, and at the same time, are them to cut off their supply of arms to pcrlsoning the minds of the Cuban children they have discovered they are not going to get the 20-percent hike they expected. North Vietn.~ .and youth. in their hope of extending the But, above a.ll. Mr. Nixon hoped to wa;rm length of time !or this abominable system. Instead, part of that increase is, in ef­ up relations with Moscow to the place where Tha.t the rule of the La.w has been wiped fect. going to be taken back by another he could apply pressures on Hanoi without out m Cuba. and it has been replaced by the hand of the Government. fear of reprisals from the .Soviets. By mov­ .e;vU Will of this score of traitors. who are The bill ~ am reintroducing will raise ing toward detente with Moscow, thus isolat­ acti.D,g under orders from their masters, the by $600 the limit on income which .a vet-· ing Hanoi, he hoped to create a climate Sino-Boviet imperialists. conducive to peace. In view of the a.foregoing, we declare. eran can earn without losing his pension. It will also increase the benefit formula But by early 1969, in his first major ad­ First: That the actual Cuban regime is dress on the Vietnam war, the President guilty of high treason to our Fatherland a.nd for computing veterans' pensions. The said, very specifica.lly, that Kissinger. Lodge, to the ideals of the Freedom Revolution pension base for a veteran with no de­ a.nd he, personally, ha.d met on a number wAich was started on October lOth, 1868. pendents will be increased from $1'30 to of occasions with representatives of the So­ Second: That this score of traitors who $148 monthly; for a veteran with one viet Government ... to enlist their assistance ha.ve committed treason against our Father­ or more dependents from ~140 to $158 in getting meaningful negotiations started.'' land, in case they survive the downfall of monthly; for a widow with no child He said these meetings ha.d been in vain. their regime,, will have to respond, even with Thus, it wa.s at this point that the Presi­ their lives before the Ordlnary Courts of from $87 to $93 monthly; and for a Justice of Cuba. widow with one or more dependents from dent announced that he was turning to Third; That a.s the Noble Cuban People $104 to $110 monthly. Vietnamization, the measured buildup of will not ever surrender, because that Nation Cosponsoring this 1egislatioa with me Saigon forces together with a measured U.S. wa.s not born to be slave, we, the Cuban withdrawal, as his approach to ending the are the following Members: Mr. McDADE.. war. Here the President wa.s moving to a People, hereby make the present declaration Mr. JoHNSON of California, Mr. THoNE. Kissinger blueprint. one that this newly ap­ o.! fteedoin. Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. EDWARDS Cf We hereby swear before God Almighty to p<>in.ted foreign policy adviser had put to­ .fight constantly. until death comes to us, to California, Mr. KEMP. Mr. JoNES of gether when he was acting as an aide to Nel­ b-.ee Cuba from com.munism. North Carolina, Mr. WALDIE, Mr. SHIPLEY. son Rockefeller nearly a year before. Gover­ 'The fundamentals of this Revolution for Mr. GREEN of Pennsylv1:lnia, Mr. SIKES, nor Rockefeller had embraced Vietnamiza.­ Freedom are: Mr. ULLMAN, Mr. HARVEY, Mr. Qum, Mr. tion as his own plan for bringing the wa.-r 180J CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 23, 1973 to a conclusion as early as May of 1968 when dling of what is otherwise a complicated taling $3.348-billion) against it, excused from be was then a candidate for president. issue. He makes clear that during bank­ paying taxes on its property, and permitted As a candidate Mr. Nixon thought he could ruptcy no claimant gets anything, ex­ to put oft' repayment of hundreds of millions bring Moscow "on the side of peace" in a cept of course the lawyers. Last year, he of dollars in bank debt. hurry, relatively speaking, once he became Nor have those who suffered bodily harm president. Thus, he did have-as he im­ says, more than $1,600,000 went to only through the railroad's negligence before plied-a plan for bringing about an early three law firms, one Washington firm, June 21, 1970, the day the Penn Central resolution to the confiict--despite charges one Philadelphia firm, and one New went into bankruptcy, been able to collect. from Democrats that he never had such a York firm. The year before, the legal bill "These injured claimants do not have legal plan. was almost $1 million. Upward of 100 status against the railroad," suggested Wal­ But in this last year Mr. Nixon was able to lawyers are feeding on this railroad car­ ter J. Taggart, a professor of law at Villanova go back to his original end-the-war plan, at cass-and will for years to come. Mean­ University, who is the court's special assist­ least in part, when the door opened for ant for crucial question in the law is: 'What summitry in Moscow. while, legitimate claims of creditors, do you have to do to keep the railroad What actually was said there between the taxes to State and local governments) running?'" parties about the Vietnam war we, of course, bank debts, even personal injury claims A guiding principle of bankruptcy law-a do not know. But we have seen the opening to employees and passengers are all de­ necessity or a necessary evil, depending on up of trade relations with the big U.S. grain ferred while a company that is losing one's viewpoint-is that in reorganizations deal with Moscow. And we have indication upward of half a million dollars a day the lawyers must be paid. Their task is to that this is only the beginning of trade. devise a scheme to make the debtor once What then was the quid pro quo from pays out perhaps in excess of $2 million a year in legal fees. again solvent, if that is possible, and to as­ the Soviets as far as Vietnam was concerned? sure maximum equity to creditors and share­ The very visit of the. President to Moscow More than 20 years ago the Congress, holders. Without the lawyers, according to had to unsettle Hanoi-representing as it did through a Senate committee, investi­ theory, the bankrupt concern would be re­ a new warmth on the part of Soviet leaders gated railroad bankruptcies under the duced to stagnation and the creditors to un­ toward the United States. Then there was the leadership of Senator Burton K. Wheel­ seemly contest. U.S. mining of Haiphong harbor. Moscow, as er and the late then-Senator Harry In routine bankruptcies, assets are liqui­ well as Peking, let this happen without es­ Truman. That probe led to changes in dated and, if there is anything left over after calating its participation in the war. 77B bankruptcy laws and procedures. administrative expenses, including lawyers, Thus, even though Moscow may not have have been paid, creditors get a percentage of cut down on arms supplies to Hanoi, as Mr. I submit, Mr. Speaker, that the Penn the sums due them. Shareholders seldom get Nixon hoped, the new U.S.-Soviet detente, Central situation deserves a searching anything. The companies disappear, the na­ although only a relative thing, has certainly survey by a modern-day Wheeler-Tru­ tion survives. caused Hanoi leaders to contemplate their man team, and some changes in Inter­ If the Penn Central were sold for scrap, it "aloneness" and to wonder how much they state Commerce Commission procedures. might bring in $1.4-billion to 1.8 billion. Esti­ could count on Moscow in the future. In PENNSY CASE Is LAWYER'S DREAM mates of how much it would cost, less de­ other words, the Nixon summitry plus the (By Israel Shenker) preciation, to reproduce the railroad run as opening of trade with the Soviets has un­ high as $14-blllion. But neither alternative is doubtedly done much to contribute to a The Penn Central may not be the greatest deemed realistic. The assumption is that for climate in which the Hanoi leaders have con­ railroad in the world, but it is a gravy train the sake of the nation this corporate life and cluded it is wise to search for peace. for lawyers. these trains must go on running. The growing strength and efficiency of the Their rewards stem in part from the finan­ So, while legally indigent, the Penn Central Saigon forces under Vietnamization have cer­ cial complexity of the bankrupt railroad. transports. passengers and freight, improves tainly been heavily involved in exerting pres­ They are due also to the activities of those rolling stock and installations, and-abhor­ sure on Hanoi to achieve a settlement, along who headed the company as it highballed to­ ring the notion of nationalization-invites with the mining of Haiphong and the mas­ ward bankruptcy. But in large and generous Congress to give it money. sive U.S. bombing of the North. measure they are the result of the peculiari­ Early this month the railroad's trustees But at a moment when it appears that the ties of bankruptcy law and of the way that argued that it would be possible to get the parties are finally moving toward peace, it the law is implemented by lawyers, applied line in the black by 1976 if Congress provides seems most relevant to note that the old, by the Interstate Commerce Commission. and prompt and massive aid. This would be a original Nixon end-the-war plan is also at interpreted by courts. disguised form of revenue sharing, since the work in persuading Hanoi to come to a set­ "This is the largest law case in history," first bills to be paid oft' would be state and tlement. This better U.S.-Soviet relation­ noted Robert W. Blanchette, counsel to the local taxes after the costs of administration, ship has, of course, been perceived by some trustees of the railroad, the largest in including lawyers• fees. observers as contributing to the climate for America and a vital link in the industrial FOUR TRUSTEES NAMED achieving peace. But no one has been men­ Northeast. "I've never seen a case that had so tioning that this was Mr. Nixon's original many large, complex and unique problems." With the kind of inexorabllity that marks plan for ending the conflict. "It's a real bonanza," said Prof. Vern Coun­ Nature's laws, the moves in the Penn Central tryman of the Harvard Law School, one of the case have followed the lines of Section 77 of nation's foremost experts on bankruptcy. the Federal Bankruptcy Act. When the rail­ LAWYERS GET FAT ON PENN "How often does a Penn Central come road's top officers learned in mid-June. 1970, CENTRAL CARCASS along?" commented a lawyer at the Securities that their hopes of a government-guaranteed and Exchange Commission. "This is a law­ loan had gone glimmering, they abided by (Mr. SKUBITZ asked and was given yer's dream. It's like peeling an onion. For the statute and went to the local Federal permission to address the House for 1 each skin of the onion you need a new court in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. minute, to revise and extend his re­ lawyer." District Judge John P. Fullam took respon­ There have been court hearings with more sibility for running the railroad. Since a marks and include extraneous matter.> judge is a busy man who can be assumed to Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, as a than 100 lawyers present, many of them high­ priced practitioners. "Almost every firm I have little experience at this species of trans­ member of the Committee on Interstate knew was getting involved," said one law pro­ port, he selected four trustees-with maxi­ and Foreign Commerce, I have a spe­ fessor, "and there was such a clamor for mum total compensation of $300,000 a year­ cial interest in matters involving inter­ legal services that some small creditors went to take control on the court's behalf. state transportation. I am particularly to the West Coast to find an attorney who Judge Fullam chose Jervis Langdon Jr., a concerned with this Nation's railroads. didn't have a potential conruct-of-interest lawyer and railroad expert, to serve full-time, It was with special attention that I situation." - and three others to serve part-time: George Periodically three large and prestigious law P. Baker, the retired dean of Harvard's Grad­ read a most illuminating article in yes­ uate School of Business Administration, terday's-January 22-issue of the New firms acting as "special counsel" to the rail­ road trustees-Washington's Covington & Richard C. Bond, the retired president of York Times dealing with the legal prob­ Burling, Philadelphia's Blank, Rome, Klaus & Philadelphia's John Wanamaker, and Willard lems of the bankruptcy proceedings of Comlsky, and New York's Paul, Weiss. Rif­ Wirtz, an attorney who had been Secretary of Labor from 1962 to 1969. Mr. Wirtz recently the Pennsylvania railroad. I commend kind, Wharton & Garrison-turn in accounts resigned as trustee. it to my in if of their labors and are rewarded for their colleagues this House, The trustees were to concentrate on reorga­ they want to learn where the taxpayers' efforts. In the first calendar year of the bank­ nization, so a full-time railroad man was money, in the form of our loans to the ruptcy they were paid $989,000. Last year they got about $1.6-million. hired to run the railroad under them. Penn Central, are going. I ask, Mr. With the approval of Judge Fullam, the Where does the money come from? From Speaker, that it be printed in the CoN­ the legally insolvent railroad. which is still trustees picked as their counsel Mr. Blanch­ GREssioNAL RECORD following my re­ ette, who had served as general counsel of losing $400,000 to $1-m111ion a day and which the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail­ marks. is barried by court order from paying its tens road-itself in Section 77 reorganization since Mr. Israel Shenker, the writer, is de­ of thousands of bondholders, forbidden to 1961. It eventually became the largest share­ serving of praise for his incisive han- settle more than 26,000 creditor claims (to- holder in the company controlling the Penn January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1807

Central. which showed how llttle it knew pate in the dispute over the Pennsylvania, getting enough money," noted one S.E.C. .about its investment. When the Penn Cen­ the subsidiary that controls non-rail assets lawyer. "Certain large New York firms whose tral went down, the New Haven reorganiza­ worth more than $200-million and perhaps allowance time we cut 'are the very .same tion plan foundered. as much as $500-million. If these securities firms which complain bitterly if they're not !l'HE NUMBERS GROW ••• are given outright to the banks that hold allowed to participate in a case. It's common them as security for the $300-million loan, it to spend $10,000 worth of time pursuing a Mr. Blanchette began recruiting a staff and must be at the expense of others. now he beads a 12-man legal department matter involving $2,000 worth of case." The result: lawyers are defending. lawyers In the Blank, Rom~ compensation ques­ working exclusively on reorganization mat­ are opposing, experts are valuing, experts are -ters, drawing on about 10 additional lawyers tion, the I.C.C. had maintained that "many devaluing. matters handled by petitioner were of a. ftom the railroad's regular legal staff. This "Pennco" case by Itself is so burdened Since. as Mr. Blanchette maintained in .a nature that should be handled by debtor's with documentation that law firms joined legal staff." Mr. Blanchette argued that ••it petition to the LC.C., his staff was inexpe-ri­ to establish a "Central Discovery Library" of enced ana sman and the work vast, complex would be an error to assume that joint effort the documents. Lawyers-if they can dis­ is duplicated effort,.. and the I .C.C. finally and episodiC. the trustees began engaging cover the library within the precincts of the outside counsel as well~ the firm of Coving­ agreed. Transportation Building in central Phlla.del­ The law requires hearings before final com­ ton & Burlliilg to deal with the Penn Central's phia--can take heart there at the sight of relations with the New Haven, a major credi­ pensation, and last year John. P. Dodge, one the lucrative accumulation. tor. as wen as with the reorganization gen­ of the I.C.C. administrative law judges, tried The mere process of getting a single brief to arrive at reasonable figures for lawyers in erally; Paul, Weiss to help dlspose of the into print can elevate a lawyer's bill to en­ Penn Cen1;ral•s mid-Manhattan real estate a case related to the Penn central-that of Viable heights. It is common for a document the bankrupt Boston & Providence. and its interest in the profitable Pennsyl­ to labor through five drafts (and ten is not vanla Company. and Blank. Rome to .assist uncommon), which means that this litera­ With Teal estate and other matters. ture undergoes more revision than just about He figured (dividing annual salary by The court and trustees felt that what the any other kind of creative writing. Penn Central needed was "law factories:• and 1,848 hours) that the hourly rate for ex­ Noted a. lawyer for the S.E.C.: "There's an perienced government lawyers was $14.26, an three firms were big enough to qualify. enormous amount of duplication and make­ But lawyers rarely operate Central trustees for .. very senior attorneys'' $19.21, and f()l" work in bankruptcy cases. One lawyer writes top lawyer, the Attorney General, !$32.4'7. had counsel to oppose the New Haven~s a memo, numerous others review it, 40 firms 'Clatm:s for payment, the New Haven needed Since about 50 per cent of fees to lawyers 'Study it, and everybody petitions for com­ 1n private practice goes for or at least considered less qualified to receive month on a radio warning system it wants Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, this 55th the job, the school admission, or the loan. to put in all homes eventually. anniversary of Ukraine's Independence January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1813 is observed at a most interesting and pro­ riod of independent existence for the A PROJECTIVE EXAMPLE pitious time. For instance, in the U.S.S.R. Ukrainian people. There are numerous examples that can be today the 50th anniversary of the so­ No fewer than 74 nations have become drawn on and produced here for perceptive called voluntary founding of the Soviet independent since the end of World War politico-economic projections of demographic developments in the USSR. Unquestionably, Union is being celebrated. Captive Bye­ II, with some 55 of them smaller in size there will be more in the years ahead. As an lorussians, Ukrainians, Armenians, and than Ukraine, which is 232,000 square example of an example, suffice it to mention other non-Russian nations are being told miles in area. Only five of the 7 4 new one of far-reaching scope on the part of an by Moscow that at the end of 1922 they countries have more inhabitants than incisive analyst of East European a.ffairs.1 voluntarily entered into a federation Ukraine. Professor Lukacs observes: "I do not deny with Russia to form the Soviet Union. You can see, therefore, that we are that sooner or later China. znay reach the The paramount historical fact is that, speaking of a nation both large in size status of a. World Power such as no Asian like the three Baltic nations 20 years state ever reached since the Mongol empire. as well as in population. The Russians know this. But what worries ago, these earlier victims of Soviet Rus­ As an illuminating article explaining them is less the potential Chinese strength sian imperiocolonialism were forcibly in­ the present cultural repressions in than the consciousness of their own poten­ corporated into this new imperial state. Ukraine, I append to my remarks that tial weakness." What basic weakness? The By observing this 55th anniversary of authored by Dr. Lev E. Dorbriansky of professor explains, "Very soon, within a few Ukraine's independence we, as free Georgetown University on "Russiftca­ years, less than one-hal! of the inhabitants knowledgeable n:en and women, expose tion in Politico-Economic Demography," of the Soviet Union will be Russians. Some of the lie and fraud of Moscow's current which appeared in the autumn 1972 is­ the other peoples within the Soviet Union propaganda concerning the foundation of sue of the Ukrainian Quarterly. will sooner or later demand more and more the U.S.S.R. What is more, we provide a independence from their masters in Mos­ The article follows: cow." In another context of demographic free voice of truth for the muted Ukrain­ RussiFICATION :rN PoLITico-EcoNoMic DEM­ analysis, the essentials of which are given be­ ians and other captive non-Russian na­ OGRAPHY low, this crucial point was actually sounded tions in the U.S.S.R., who, in their totali­ (By Lev E. Dobriansky) twenty years ago in certain governmental tarianized conditions, cannot protest and Five or ten years ago, rarely could one have circles. dissent freely against Moscow's imperial­ found scholarly and popular articles devoted Emphasizing several other equally impor­ ist rule and falsehoods. Indeed, by estab­ to the factor of Russification in what may tant, related and familiar points, Lukacs con­ lishing a Special Committee on the Cap­ be properly designated as the politico-eco­ tinues: "Absolutely contrary to Marx in tive Nations we, in this House, could per­ nomic demography of the Soviet Union. When whose cramped calculations nationalism did form another monumental congressional this writer testified before the Judiciary not figure, the history of the twentieth cen­ contribution to popular enlightenment on Committee in the House of Representatives tury has been marked far less by the strug­ in 1964, a sharp division in academia was gle of classes than by the struggles of na­ this and countless other issues funda­ represented on the issue, with the majority tions. When the dissolution of the unified mental to our enlightened relations with bias vastly in favor of omitting any consid­ Russian empire appears imminent, our world the captive peoples and their captors. eration for this factor in demographic analy­ will see dangers such as it may not have Moreover, Mr. Speaker, the propi­ ses of the USSR. In fact, a marked disdain seen in a thousand years at least." That there tiousness of this 55th independence ob­ was also shown for any so-called politico­ will be dangers, no one conversant with the servance is also highlighted by the signif­ economic pollution of pure demographic in­ subject will deny, but the speculations be­ icant remarks made just this past Janu­ quiry. yond this point cannot but attain to a minor ary 4 by Pope Paul regarding the sup­ In contrast to more realistic current level of probability, considering all the forces trends, by and large, demographic output and elements il:volved. Without going into pression of Ukrainian Catholicism in the by Western analysts in their investigations such speculations, the important points in U.S.S.R. As the pontiff put it: of the USSR displayed an almost exclu­ this observation are the demographic base The Ukrainians and the Ruthenians both sive interest in such matters as aggregate and the politico-economic aspects of it. Were have such a. great need and hope to find population, birth rates and natural increase, the factor of Russification included by the again their independence and their freedom. female/male ratio, density, urbanization, os­ professor, the scheme for present analytical tensible Marxian deviations and the like. purposes would become complete. For Here, too, the important historical fact Hardly any consideration of a. critical sort through its Russification efforts, predicated is that both the Ukrainian Catholic g,nd was devoted to the Russianjnon-Russia.n on economic requirements and prime polit­ Orthodox Churches were genocided un­ composition of the USSR's population and all ical motivation, Moscow hopes to circum­ der Stalin. They do not institutionally of its significant aspects and ramifications. vent the outcome that is being currently exist in the U.S.S.R. And here, too, we Indeed, from a strictly logical viewpoint, projected. 1n this House can perform a tremendous how can one assign any weight to the force SOME POLITICO-ECONOMIC INGREDIENTS IN cultural and humanitarian service by of Russification without a basic appreciation IMPERIAL DEMOGRAPHY of the non-Russian complex in the USSR? supporting the pending resolutions The few who did at the time and many years A brief look at the past provides us with aimed at the resurrection of these before were viewed as analysts with some po­ basic perspectives on the present change in churches in Ukraine. litical axe to grind. Now, with the nature of outlook and controversy. They certainly The Ukraine is the largest Slavic coun­ the 1970 USSR census revealed and the show that the political importance of USSR try in Eastern Europe, its population mounting stories of Moscow's Russification population statistics cannot be too strongly numbering some 47 million. The Ukrain­ drives in the Baltic area, in Ukraine, among emphasized. In fact, one may even reach into the Jews and elsewhere, the analytic situa­ the pre-Soviet period to witness the political iar people obtained freedom for only a utility of demographic output in the writings fleeting moment in history. This came as tion is rapidly changing and a greater realism is being shown in the treatment of USSR of Lenin. For other reasons and objectives, a result of the Russian Revolution and demographic data. the founder of the RSFSR constantly ham­ the defeat of the autocratic forces of As will be indicated in part below, the mered away on the minority position of the Austria which had been ruling the frequency with which popular media such as Russians in the Czarist Empire. "In czarist Ukrainians. The New York Times, The Wall Street Jour­ Russia," he reiterated, "the Russians con­ stituted 48 percent of the total population, The opportunity for the assertion of nal, and The Washington Post, to mention only a few, carry articles, reports and edito­ i.e., a. minority, while the non-Russian na­ freedom came on January 22, 1918, the tionalities constituted 52 percent." According day they proclaimed their independence. rials linking the demographic trends with the Russifica.tion factor, augurs well both for a. to the 1897 census, there were about 55.6 The democratic government instituted much needed reorientation of outlook and million Russians in the total empire popula­ in the new Ukrainian National Republic methodology in the academic precincts of our tion of 125.6 million. It is not generally ap­ did its utmost to cope with the new society and for growing public understand­ preciated that a large measure of Bolshevik state's multiple problems, but it had ing of the nature and character of the USSR. propaganda was directed at "the oppressed neither the manpower nor the resources Since the cause-and-effect relationship be­ nationalities" in the Russian Empire. to cope with these effectively. tween the trends and the factor is one of From the time of the first Soviet census interplay, with the fundamental trends spur­ in 1920, as ordered by Lenin and even before Before the Republic could master suffi­ the Soviet Union came into being, to the cient force to establish itself, the coun­ ring on Russification and the latter seeking for chiefly political purposes to cast a differ­ recent one of 1970, sharp criticisms have been try was attacked by the Red Army in the ent image of the former, it should be evi­ made with respect to coverage, techniques, fall of 1920 ani overrun. dent that for the rest of this decade and and padded resUlts. In the period of the wars, In late November of that year the more the subject, as now portrayed, wm both civil and international, the 1920 census Ukraine was made a part of the Soviet grow into major proportions of meaning and Union thus ending the brief 2-year pe­ significance. Footnotes at end of article. CXIX--115-Part 2 1814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 23, 1973 failed to cover Turkestan, the Caucasus, parts in The Washington Post dwelled on the statistically determined adjustment in favor of Ukraine and the Far East. Curiously, dur­ subject in August-October 1954. Ten years of the non-Russians that are more rurally ing the Lenin centennial the census was l~ter, to give another example, the Com­ situated but also, on an overall basis, to a hailed as Lenin's first great accomplishment. mittee on the Judiciary in the U.S. House of replacement of population reproduction by The more successful 1926 census had the Representatives treated the problem exten­ depopulation.8 Projected objectively, it can Russian percentage of the total population sively and with incisive analysis.s result on Moscow's own statistical grounds rising to 53 per cent, with 77.7 million out THE CONCEPT OF NON-RUSSIAN NATIONS and with some typical padding in a non­ of 144.3 million in the new empire. The elim­ Russian majority by the end of this decade IN THE USSR and a non-Slav majority by the end of the ination of the Baltic, Polish and Finnish It should be evident by now that the vital populations accounted for some of this. century. concept of the non-Russian nations in the Another significant way hampering the As concerns the falsification of census re­ USSR, which has broad politico-economic sults, the aborted 1937 one and that of 1939 census process is the comparative lack of are :flagrant examples over which much con­ applications, is fundamentally grounded in technical demographical development in the troversy ensued. The former would have the demographic base. The preceding back­ USSR. No single research center on demo­ shown a marked population loss resulting ground was necessary in order to show both graphic problems exists in the USSR, and no the running controversy over USSR popula­ special organ, such as do exist for problems from the man-made famine and Stalin's tion statistics and the crucial importance of purges. Whereas in 1937 the aggregate popu­ of history and economics, is avallable for lation should have been well beyond 170 mil­ the Russian/non-Russian component in the critical use of the state's demographers. It lion, the 1939 census recorded this total for data. It was provided in order to focus at­ should be noted that constructive criticism an increase of some 26 million over 1926, or tention on this Russian/non-Russian com­ in the Problems of Economics contributed at about an annual increase of about 1.3 plex. No doubt, the given demographic data heavlly to the reform program, such as it has percent. By all calculations, the 1939 popula­ from Moscow are significant from other been, since 1965. Yet, despite all this, a tion should have been above 180 million had angles of analysis. Trends in terms of in­ healthy skepticism must be maintained the famine, purges and the like not taken ternal migration, urbanization, density, fe­ toward the economic statistics furnished by place. Some estimates of the losses would male/male ratio, aging, and the marked de­ Moscow. In short, the technical development place the actual 1939 aggregate at a lower cline in natural population increase are on the demographic level has lagged con­ level.s highly important for other uses and projec­ siderably, although it must be recognized In addition to the validity of aggregate tions, but here, except for the last, they have that in its preparation and combination of totals, a serious question has constantly minimal use. Even so-called Marxist ideology direct questioning and sampling, the 1970 been raised as to the Russian/non-Russian and its stress on the absence of a declining census is a substantial improvement over total ratio. Sparse indications have appeared birth rate and excess population in a hypo­ preceding censuses. on the real, relative fertilities of the two thetical socialist environment, interesting DISCOUNTS OF THE USSR CENSUS groupings. In 1941, G. M. Chekalin let slip postulates in themselves, are of no relevance Given the questionable vital statistics a greater non-Russian ratio, and toward the here. meted out by Moscow, there are nonetheless end of the decade a standard economic ge­ Concentrating on this complex, it becomes a few real qualifiers and discounts that with ography text in the USSR had this to say: almost self-evident that a number of imme­ political import convey a different picture of "Particularly rapid is the natural increase of diate questions arise: What is really the All­ the demographic scene in the USSR. To be population among the formerly oppressed Union majority? Of what significance is the sure, there are various ways of interpreting nationalities. The census of 1926 showed individual Republic majority? Are there in the actual data. released-Moscow's way, an that already the rate of natural increase reality the oft-quoted 176 to 205 "nationali­ uncritical acceptance of the data in the among the formerly backward nationalities ties"? What meaning can be assigned to such West, a critical demographic way void of surpassed considerably the average birth official and popular usages such a.s "the So­ political considerations, and what may be rate of the USSR as a whole." In the period viets," "national minorities," "the ethnic called a critical politico-economic demo­ Ukraine alone averaged 2.38 per cent. groups of the USSR,'' and "Soviet nation­ graphic way. The last is the methodology em­ One of the first comprehensive analyses of als"~ In view of current projections, what ployed here. No more than military, eco­ USSR population statistics appeared In the are the prospects for further Russification nomic, social and other types of statistics post-World War II period. The work em­ as a policy of population growth in the issuing from Moscow, demographic ones are phasized, among other things, the change in USSR? As one writer recently put it, "the equality, and in most cases more, subject to the definition of nationality from the '26 European Russians, who have a slight ma­ politico-economic qualification. Definition to the '39 census, the latter making it simply jority in the 'nation's' total population are and classification are essential in this criti­ a matter of choice. It emphasized also that worried that unless they increase their num­ cal methodological interpretation. some ethnic groups were not included in bers, many of the other nationalities of the At the outset, a patent contradiction ap­ the census, while a number of Asiatic tribes Soviet Union will shake loose from Moscow pears between Moscow's political pretense of were simply lumped as "Russian." One of control. In almost all of the fringe areas of sovereign among equals for the fifteen re­ the chief points was that by virtue of nec­ the Soviet Union, the 'national' government publics and its demographic presentations. essary political association and career oppor­ has tried to impose 'Russification• by en­ In a sovereign nation-state, such as the U.S., tunism, countless non-Russians have deemed couraging young European couples to emi­ a census is formed substantially on the basis it expedient to be counted as "Russians." grate." 7 These and other questions deserve of a citizen-national residing in this coun­ Doubtless, in addition to these are the un­ realistic answers if the political significance try. So with other nation-states. The USSR, told numbers who, for fear of recurrent per­ of Moscow's demographic figures is to be professedly a multi-national state where secution, choose to declare themselves "Rus­ properly distilled. equal sovereignty ostensibly prevails among sian" rather than to acknowledge their Before examining some of the figures in the republics, would clearly show a non-Rus­ true nationality, as per birth and place. both the '59 and '70 census, it should be sian majority on this basis. Thus, !or exam­ Taking these and other factors into ac­ observed that in the spring of 1970 open ru­ ple, a "Russian" residing and making his count, the Displaced Persons Commission mors circulated in the USSR as to the pos­ living in Byelorussia would technically be in 1951 engaged our government demogra­ sibility of a minority status for the Russian classified a Byelorussian in the sovereign na­ phers who extrapolated the '39 census, ar­ population in the forthcoming census, as tional state or republic of Byelorussia, albeit riving at a total population of 202 million, though to prepare the scene for this out­ of ethnic Russian background." As reported with a 91,520,472 Russian and 110,567,405 come. As will be seen, the '70 census showed in the 1970 census, there are presumably 129 non-Russian breakdown. Or, in other words otherwise. This, however, was not surprising million Russians in the USSR, of which 107.7 a 54.7 per cent non-Russian part of the to many critics of the USSR census process million are in the RSFSR and the remainder, total population. The study showed also that which still is undoubtedly hampered in or about 21.3 million are in the "sovereign except for the RSFSR and the Ka.relo-Fin­ many ways. national republics." Accounting for the 3.3 nish SSR, the Russians placed as a clear One such way is the continued political million Ukrainians and others of non-federa­ minority in each of the non-Russian re­ influence wielded through the Central Sta­ tive status in the RSFSR, the net balance on publics. In the largest of them, the Ukrainian tistical Administration. Previous censuses the basis is non-Russian in character. The SSR, for example, it estimated a total popula­ have been affected in this manner. The polit­ fact that the so-called Russian republic is tion of 42,272,943, broken down into 3,889,- ical impact in image and reaction to an All­ federative guarantees the non-Russian status 111 Russians and 38,368,832 non-Russians, or Union minority position for the Russian of those in the autonomous republics, such 90.8 per cent of the total, population apparently hasn't been fully as the Tatars, Bashkirs, Yakuts, Marl and Significantly, the disclosure of the study's assessed. Aside from the problems of reclassi­ others.10 resu1ts drew a sharp, public blast from the fication and proper questioning about na­ Of course, by the nature o! the USSR, the MVD chief, Lavrenti Beria, who in behalf of tional origin, the continued drop in the birth above is a theoretical point, but one worthy the Kremlin denied the advanced Russian/ rate, notably in urban centers in the RSFSR of propaganda exploitation in its truest non-Russian ratio. Thus, twenty years ago and parts of Ukraine, will make this adjust­ sense. Reams of Moscow, Minsk, Kiev and the subject became one of international con­ ment inevitable. That is, if Russification in­ other propaganda underline the national troversy. In the years following, the contro­ :fluences are not stepped up to offset the nat­ sovereignty of each of the non-Russian re­ versy continued in many interested circles ural development of things. In fact, with the publics, unlike the so-called sovereignty of and publications. As one example, editorials natural increase dropping from 16.6 per our States. On the assumed national basis, thousand in 1961 to 9.7 per thousand in 1968_ the contradiction between political thesis Footnotes at end of article. this tempo of decrease points not only to a and demographic presentation appears quite January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1815

clea-r. If, on the given basts, the "Russians" za.kh SSR), about 87 per cent of the non­ & Hon. George A. Smathers. "The Tragedy 1n the national sovereign republics are to Russian population on an integrated or near of the Ukrainian Nation," Congressional be construed as such, then in the llght of national foundation, and the remainder made Record, October 17, 1951. the vaunted political thesis they cannot but up of small ethnic groups. Although since • Study of Population and Immigration ·assume the status of aliens in the .. sov­ 1959 the Kazakhs have appeared as a mi­ Problems: Natf.on3, Peoples, and Countries ereign" non-Russian republics. Further, if nority in the given republic---2.7 million of in the USSR. Specia.l Series No. 17(b), GPO, Peking in its current propaganda agains~ 9.1 in '59 and 4.1 of 12.8 million 1n "7o­ 1964. Moscow and in favor for example, of "an from the viewpoint of their Turkestanian 7 Murray Seeger. "'Mother Russia Forsakes independent and Sovereign Socialist Ukrain­ identity, combining the republic with the Hearth," The Wa.shington Post, August 17, ian Republic" understood this contradiction, other four Central Asian republlcs would 1972. it would unquestionably pursue it to the obviously make them an integral part of the 8 Anthony Astrachan. "'Soviet Oensus limit and across-the-board. majority population in the area. It must be Shows Russian Hold Majority, Jews De­ Closer to the physical realities in the recalled that back 1n the 20's Moscow ar­ crease," The Washington Post, April17, 1971. USSR, it is noteworthy that as concerns the bitrarily divided this area to discourage uni­ • A. Ivanou .. 1970 Census: BSSR and the Russian/non-Russian ratio in that multi­ fied Turkestanian national triterest. Strange­ Byelorussians," The Byelorussian, New York, national state, the 1970 census resulted in a ly enough, an USSR mllitary map will desig­ October 1971. slight drop in the Russian percentage, from nate the area as the Turkestan District. lD "Report of the Central Statistical Bureau 54 per cent to 53 percent. In the 1959 census, THE LESSON FOR THE FUTURE of the USSR Council of Ministers." Radyan­ the total population was given as 208.8 mil­ ska Ukraina, Kiev, Aprll 17, 1971. Sober refiection on these essentlals in lion with 114.1 million Russians and 94.7 n USSR politico-economic demography cannot See for a passably adequate account Gen. million non-Russians. In the 1970 census, Wasill G. Glaskow. History of the Cossacks, the total is 241.7 million, with 129 million but lead to one conclusion, one that serves New York, 1972. Russians and 112.7 m1111on non-Russians. as the lesson for the future. The demographic 12 facts are stacked up against the political as­ "Soviet Census Figures on Jews Ques­ The apparent difference now is 14.9 mllllon tioned," The Evening Star. Washington, D.c .. more Russians over the eleven year period pirations and objectives of the totalitarian October 30, 1971. and 17.9 million more non-Russians. Funda­ Russian rulers. The global image of a mi­ 13 USIA Here Bars 'Soviet• from Usage," mentally, as indicated by relative fert1lity nority Russian nation 1n the USSR is too Associated Press. March 24, 1972. rates and environment, the trend is in the much for the Kremlin leaders to stomach, natural direction and With statistical vali­ and though it really has been in the mi­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will dation and will doubtless continue. How it nority for some time, statistical manipula­ the gentleman yield will show up in future estimates and census­ tions by Moscow have enshrouded this basic Mr. FLOOD. I yield to the gentleman taking will depend on political considera.. fact through the 1970 census. On the basis from illinois. tions more than economic or biological ones. of earthy fertility trends it is doubtful that Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am Now, in terms of politico-economic demog­ the Kremlin clique can shamelessly pull off similar tricks by 1980. As all the weighty pleased to join in the special order com­ raphy, 1! one takes the '59 census figures, memorating Ukrainian Independence certain real qualifiers give a. different picture evidence points to, the Russian leadership of the demographic situation. The formula will press hard on its Russification program Day. would apply even more to the '70 census in to support its manipulative endeavors. nota· It was 55 years ago on January 22, view of the reduced Russian percentage. bly on the pretext of internal migrations and 1918, that the Ukrainians declared their P1rst, nowhere in the national and ethnic economic requirements. Whether this course independence from Communist Russia. classification is mention made of the Cos­ of misleading world attention eight years But the freedom and independence to sacks who inhabit the region east of the hence will succeed, depends on a number of factors. which they had aspired for two and a Ukratnlan SR and north of the Caucasus.u half centuries lasted only a few years and They are not to be synonymized with roman­ One such factor is the wholesome resist­ tic portrayals of sword-wielding Czarist ca­ ance of the non-Russian nationals in what-is was soon extinguished by the Communist valry-men. It 1s estimated that some ten truly an identity crisis. This applies more to Russian takeover. Since that time, the million Don, Kuban, Terek and other Cos­ the Slavic elements than to the non-slavic. Ukrainian people have not given up hope sacks exist. I! this is so, then on the basts Another factor is the support and free voice of being served by a government of their of numerous evidences of di1ferentiated given to this groundswell of resistance by choice. It is, indeed, appropriate that so identity and expressions toward national knowledgeable circles 1n the Free World and many Members of the House join in em­ independence the Cossacks should not be 1n the United Nations. That 1n this decade there will be considerable opportunity and phasizing the right of the Ukrainian peo­ arbitrarily lumped as "Russians." The evi­ ple to self-determination and freedom. dences include: historical designation of fertile ground for this kind of action goes Cossackia as far back as the lt8h century; virtually without saying. A most significant In commemoration of the just but Kuban declaration of independence on stroke 1n this direction was taken by Direc­ short-lived freedom of the Ukrainian February 16, 1918, Don on May 17, 1918, Terek tor Frank Shakespeare of the U.S. Informa­ people, I insert an addreSs by Dr. Lev E. on June 13, 1918; efforts toward unification tion Agency when in a directive last spring Dobriansky, president of the Ukrainian and creation of Cossackia; Cossack D.P.'s at he clearly stated, "The people of the major Congress Committee of America, to the the end of World War II; the autonomous nations within the Soviet Union should be 11th Congress of Americans of Ukrainian Cossack spirit reftected 1n and captured by referred to by their nationality, i.e. Ukrain­ Descent, and a telegram from President Sholokhov's And Quiet Flows the Don; Ians, Georgians, Latvians, Russians, Uzbeks, 13 Nixon to the UCCA Congress: Khruschev's attempted use of Sholokhov's Armenians, etc!' In this unprecedented Cossack identity to counteract the Captive directive he also stressed that the Soviet Un­ WE KNow WHERE WE ARE GOING Nations Week resolution in 1959; and the ion as a people is "a semantical absurd­ (Address by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, tame of the Don Cossack chorus. ity . . . There is no Soviet nation and never president, UCCA) The ten million estimate for this la.rgely will be." He may not realize it, but his omcial action is in the vanguard of numerous things Ladies and Gentlemen, Delegates and rural and self-identifying group would have Friends, Ukrainian Americans All in a com­ to be deducted from the generic "Russians," to come as the pressure of inexorable demog­ raphy mounts, the Russians seek an out mon cause as on so many previous occasions leaving in the '59 census 104.1 million Rus­ it is a genuine privilege for me to address sians and 104.7 million non-Russians. Real­ through Russ.lfication-which, incidentally, failed 1n the 1860's--the Red Chinese in­ you on this 11th Congress of Americans of istically applying the Lorimer caveat on op­ Ukrainian Descent. Having been honored portunism and career bias, a conservative tensely propagandize against this "social im­ perialism," and Free World groups see the to lead UCCA for almost a quarter of a cen­ five million clla.nge further would reduce the tury, it is my fervent hope and desire today, Russian component additionally. It has al­ increasing importance of all this and act ac­ cordingly. In short, the problem here is not as it was the first time in 1949, that this ways been rightly suspected that the Jew­ Congress be the most productive and fruit­ ish count is on the down-side, 2.2 million Malthusian over-population With all Its socio-economic consequences but rather ful one yet. And I say this with the same tor '59 and 2.1 million for '70.12 Under fear youthful energy, enthusiasm and outlook of reprisals untold Jews have assumed Rus­ properly identified population With all its global politico-economic meaning. that I had then, for being a professor among sian identity. The count is more realistically student youth daily I have long come to over three million. Finally, allowance would FOOTNOTES know that youth demands definition-is it have to be made for usual front-office pad­ 1 John Lukacs. "The End of the Cold War chronological, biological, mental or experi­ ding that is characteristic of much Moscow (And Other Cliches)," Worldview, February ential? On these realistic bases you are all statisticizing. Applying an this to the '70 1972. youth by the very fact that you are here census, the results would be roughly 114 mil­ 2 For a concise background account see Ts. this week-end to share experience and ideas, lion Russians and 127.7 million non-Rus­ Garcia. The Soviet Census, 1970. Radio Lib­ to put your energies to work in plans for the sians. erty Committee_, New York. 1970. future, and With youthful wisdom and en­ Further applications o! this analysis on s S. s. Balzak. Economic Geography of the. thusiasm to be firm in our common convic­ na.tipnal and discernible identity bases would USSR. New York, 1949, p. 174. tion that "We Know Where We're Go\ng... result, In addition to an All-Union non-Rus• • Frank Lorimer. The Population of the So­ MORE "FIRSTS" IN" A CONTINUOUS PROGRAM sian majority, in non-Russian republic mi­ viet Union: History and Prospects. Geneva, It is not my purpose here to present you norities (excepting for the moment the Ka- 1946. with a detailed report of the activities and 1816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 23, 1973 accomplishments of this past UCCA Admin­ at a detente with the Soviet Union and other tion. These acts, despite the heavy pressures, istration. Such a report would be voluminous communist-dominated states. Nothing could also attest to the fact that "We Know Where and would only duplicate what has been con­ be further from the truth. What he and We're Going." densed for you in preparation of this Con­ others perhaps meant is that we are firmly In short, case after case of such decision­ gress and what has been regularly related for :fixed in our principles and concepts and re­ making to project our fundamental ideas and the past three years in our newspaper organs fuse to ride the temporary tide of illusions principles can be cited. Our country has and the various sources of UCCA publica­ that the permawar of the Red regimes is over, been and is in a state of confusion, more so tions. Amidst the volume of detailed activity that Moscow or Peking have renounced their four years ago than now. Pressures from and representation, what should be pointed goals :(or world domination, that Soviet Rus­ various sources in the USSR, and particu­ out are the several outstanding "firsts" of sian imperio-colonialism is a thing of the larly that of non-Russian nationalism, are this administration, made possible by the past, and that the captive nations are no impinging upon the Kremlin totalitarians truly superb cooperation, collective thought more. Our principles are grounded in our for a change in institutions, and we, to be and far-seeing vision of all members of understanding of the world and national :finally relieved from the Vietnam war pres­ UCCA's executive body and other organs, to context, and these and other illusions form sure, are in a deal to relieve Moscow of an whom I earnestly express my grateful thanks no part of it. immediate economic pressure. No matter how and heartfelt appreciation. Accomplished The truth of the matter is that though you slice it, strategic mllitary power still is, openly and also through less publicized :fixed in principles, we have been quite :flexi­ and will be for some time, bipolar between means, these ":firsts" are: ble in action on many fronts. As one exam­ the USSR and USA; yet some are confusing ( 1) a new level of protest and encourage­ ple, concerning present trade with the USSR, reality with a pentagonal vision of global ment from our Department of State and our we were in the forefront of the advoca~y of power distributed among the USA, Western representatives in the United Nations con­ a poltrade policy, which some call today Europe, the USSR, Red China and Japan. cerning Russian cultural and other oppres­ "linkage" between economic trade and politi­ Realistically, for us the chief contender for sions in Ukraine than has ever been attained cal concessions. The concession sought by global power and also our main enemy is before; our Government today is relief from the Viet­ and wlll continue to be the imperialist Rus­ (2) a new policy in the United States In­ nam war, but what of tomorrow in another sian base in the USSR. If you have been formation Agency which bars the misleading round of trade agreements. It would be sui­ reading your papers of late, even the Red use of such terms as "Soviet people," "So­ cidal for us to beef up the USSR economy Chinese have been stressing this point. viet nation" and so forth, and underscores without crucial concessions pertaining to While by numerous evidences this country consistent terms on the scale of respective Ukraine and the other capt ive non-Russian of ours has suffered some collapse of national national identification. Here our tribute to nations in the USSR. will, is struggling for a new sense of purpose the Honorable Frank Shakespeare tomorrow Another example was our position regard­ and mission, we as a group can proudly say evening cannot be enough; ing the opening of relations with Red China. that despite many obstacles and heavy (3) an instrumental involvement in hav­ We did not oppose it so long as every at­ counter-forces we have maintained our will, ing the President of our Nation pay a visit tempt was made to maintain Free China our purpose, and our mission to preserve the for the first time to the largest non-Russian in the United Nations, and our treaty com­ strength of our America and thus in progres­ captive nation both in the USSR and East­ mitments with the recognition of the Repub­ sion of time and effort to contribute to the ern Europe, namely the base of our heritage, lic of China remained unimpaired. This was freedom of Ukraine and all of the captive Ukraine; a perfectly rational position, reconciling prin­ nations. This has been and is the basic phi­ ( 4) for the first time a whole week of cov­ ciple and :flexible action, because of the larger losophy of UCCA, and with firm conviction in erage in breadth and depth of the 1972 issue of the Sino-Russian conflict. The sig­ it "We Know Where We're Going." captive Nations Week over the facilities of nificant importance of this conflict and the "UCCA AS THE PRIME INSTRUMENT exposure of Red China to the world are of the Voice of America; For the conveyance and implementation of ( 5) in this Administration more than ever fundamental meaning to the whole concept of the non-Russian nations in the USSR this philosophy the UCCA has been and is the consistency of attacks from Moscow and the prime instrument and institutional ex­ Kiev against UCCA and me personally, as which we have advanced in the forefront of advocacy and proponency. The subject of pression. A modicum of common sense rules seen in the Ukrainsky Visti, International Af­ that the lambastings it continually receives fairs, Na zadvirkakh istoriyi (In The Back­ Ukrainian independence and that of the other captive non-Russian nations certainly from Moscow and Kiev are not motivated yards of History) , Radio Moscow and so by any love for us and what we stand for. forth; and cannot be pursued in void of these broader developments. The opportunities these The concrete principles of UCCA have been (6) also for the :first time in official U.S. stated and re-stated time and time again. reports and media, with an overflow in un­ broader developments provide for the further offi:cial reporting, the accurate designation of advance of our operations and goals are im­ Suffice it here to repeat that our basic prin­ Olympic participants from the USSR ac­ mense; and with cultured understanding, in­ ciples as an American national organization cording to their nationality (and in this sight and vision we must be ready to seize are (1) primary service to the national secu­ them. And we will because "We Know Where rity of this country (2) through the strength Congressman Edward J. Derwtnski has and enlightenment of our Nation the :final our tribute as well as Mr. Shakespeare). We're Going." These "firsts" just supplement the magni­ Just one more example. As many of you freedom and independence of the reservoir know, we have developed a captive nations of our heritage, Ukraine (3) the eventual tude of UCCA's operations in what is a con­ liberation of all the captive nations and ( 4) tinuous methodical program designed to analysis that incisively applies to Eastern achieve our objectives. Each of us here must Europe, within the Soviet Union, Asia and constructive efforts towards a peaceful com­ give sober thought to three essentials that Cuba, and is quite :flexible to encompass munity of free nations in Europe whatever have guided us all these years not only in South Vietnam and the Republic of China, the democratically accepted forms of political realizing new accomplishments but also in should our national principles be dishon­ and economic association. There are deriva­ ored. There are those who, ostrich-like, have tive principles, but these basic ones are suffi­ intensifying and expanding previous ones in cient for our messages here. a cumulative development that has placed turned their backs to the captive nations; our organization at the forefront of perti­ there are those who can't rationally perceive To strengthen and fortify this instrument nent international and national issues and the links between the captive nations in for the great, challenging period ahead, we also at the envy of others, some who think the USSR and those in other parts of the must be honest with ourselves to face up to we're vested annually with a million dollars. Red empire; and there are those who believe certain facts of political life. For one, we These essential guidelines have been and that detente and a new peaceful relation­ must vividly recognize the fact that foolish are: (1) UCCA operates in a world and na­ ship with the communist regimes would be neo-isolationist forces in this country work tional context, and not in a vacuum unaf­ great ly advanced by the elimination of counter to our principles and operations and fected by forces and influences arising in this Captive Nations Week and all that goes with that, as a consequence, we have no alterna­ context; (2) UCCA is the prime instrument it. George Kennan, in his latest Memoirs, re­ tive but to work harder and more diligently and institutional expression of the princi­ lates how he appealed to President Kennedy for what you and I believe in. Second, despite the impressions others have of our supposedly ples and objectives that we commonly share, not to issue a Captive Nations Week procla­ and not some imaginary parliament for the mation in 1961. The President promised not well-financed organization, for a national or­ to, but issued one nevertheless. ganization with international goals we have play of dislocated politics and outmoded ri­ been operating on an annual shoe-string. A valries; and (3) UCCA orients itself con­ This same misguided feeling was to a tinually to the demands and challenges of lesser degree noticed at the recent Republi­ Hadassah branch garners in one week-end what we nationally manage in one year. Broad the future, and not on any laurels and can Convention platform hearings where in achievements of the past. It has been and 1s substitution of "captive nations" the plat­ aspirations can be easily verbalized, but for form was compromised to read support for an organization to work for them with pro­ on these bases that "We Know Where We're gressive success demands more than wordy Going.'' the "political freedom of subjugated peoples everywhere in the world." Mark this: despite support. Third, involvement and activism are UCCA. IN THE WORLD AND NATIONAL CONTEXT these and other heavy pressures, every Presi­ terms which only a few years ago found A few years ago Stephen Rosenfeld of dent from 1959 on has annually issued this pointed currency on our campuses and in the The Washington Post's editorial board wrote proclamation, no matter how toned down. streets, but we have been preaching this for that under our leadership t"krainian Ameri­ Each in his own way has attested to the our communities for two decades, not on the cans were being taken out of the mainstream reality of the captive nations while, not con­ campuses and the streets but within and of thought and policy in this country aimed tradictorily, pursuing detente and negotia- among other American organizations, within January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1817 the two and even other political parties, the near future. Some of the continuities Last year, over 100 Ukrainian intellec­ within governmental channels, among the that must enter into your programming for tuals were arrested. These people are still media, and nationally and internationally. the next four years are: Bluntly, it means to express our views to (1) a continuous and expanded propaga­ imprisoned. Mayors, Governors, Senators, Representatives tion of our truths through The Ukrainian The people of the free world cannot and others in favor of successive projects Quarterly, the Congressional Record, our allow this repression of basic freedoms launched by UCCA. It also means to have all newspaper organs, more books and pamphlets of speech and thought to continue. It is of our organizations and institutions in­ so that our enemies will continue to know the duty of each of us to voice our strong­ volved, particularly our fraternals, our vet­ that with their tactics they might fool some est condemnation of the infringements. erans, our numerous national groups and cer­ Americans but tltey can never fool us; I hope that all Members of Congress tainly our Churches. Their degrees of present (2) a continuous involvement In the new involvement are known to most of us. Ethnic Heritage Studies program, which we will add their voices to those of the Fourth, we must also face up to the fact testified and battled for; Ukrainian Americans who are protesting that there has been an unwholesome restric­ (3) steady pursuit of the Congressional res­ the destruction of the. Ukrainian cultural tive tendency in our organizational efforts. olutions calling for the resurrection of the heritage by the policy of forced Russifi­ As an American national organization-and Ukrainian Orthodox and Catholic Churches, cation. we can't sensibly presume to be anything which the Department of State has been Let us hope that the spirit of independ­ else-we have seriously neglected our appeal studying since last May; ence may forever continue among the to all Americans of Ukrainian descent, what­ (4) application of our poltrade concept to Ukrainian people. ever their generation, whatever their ca­ the USSR, which our fellow American Jews pacity to understand or speak or write have seized upon for the exit of Jews from Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr. Ukrain1an so long as they possess in their the USSR but which could apply also for the Speaker, the violation of human rights hearts and minds what the tongue can never exit of Ukrainians, Baits and others In con­ everywhere in the world should be the equal. There are tens of thousands of them, trolled measure and the cessation of Russian concern of the whole civilized world. but we insularly remain indifferent toward cultural repressions in Ukraine; January 22 has been set aside to call them and short-change ourselves as the prac­ (5) celebration in 1974 of the lOth anniver­ special attention to the plight of the 48 tical ab111ties and talents that could be fruit­ sary of the unveiling of the Shevchenko million people oppressed by the Russian tully utilized for the essential tasks at hand. statue in Washington and the resumption of Communist rule of the Ukraine. Their Lastly-and I'm sure this will astound efforts toward a Shevchenko stamp and cog­ some here-in my many years at the helm of nate goals on the occasion; plight is called to our attention by the UCCA, countless non-Ukrainian Americans (6) continued participation of UCCA in Americans of Ukrainian decent whose have asked me whether it is possible to join international and national organl.za.tions, love for the freedom they have in this and support UCCA through membership in such as WACL, the ACWF, NCNC and so country makes them especially concerned its component local organl.za.tions simply be­ forth; about the enslavement of their native cause they believed in what you and I be­ (7) a progressive entry of UCCA in prepara­ homeland. It is my privilege to represent lieve. The way we are presently structured, tions for our American bicentennial in 1976; many Americans of Ukrainian descent unfortunately, the reply had to be negative. and But let me remind you that there are Ameri­ (8) continued effort to ln:fluence the '76 who live in North Dakota and I insert can Jewish organizations with sympathetic Olympics for greater accuracy of national in the RECORD at this point a letter I gentiles, most of whom know no Hebrew or designation in the USSR participation. received recently from one of them, Dr. Yiddish, that worked and succeeded together These are just a few Items on UCCA's hori­ Anthony Zukowsky, vice president of the in creating and protecting the independent zon. There are many more, and there are Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer­ Israel state; that there are Irish American traditional ones in our established working ica and president of the North Dakota organizations with supporting non-Irish machinery without which our impact and branch of that organization: members, most of whom know no Gaelic, effectiveness would be gravely Impaired. But UKRAINIAN CONGRESS that worked and succeeded in creating an in­ to effectuate all this and more quite plainly COMMITTEE OF AMERICA, INC., dependent Ireland and are currently involved demands your vivid sense of purpose, resolve, Steele, N.Dak., January 3, 1973. With Ulster; and that Black organizations In unity and both your moral and material sup­ Hon. MARK ANDREWS, this country have white member supporters port. For in powerfully demonstrating these House of Representatives, who have successfully worked together to ad­ qualities for the challenging four years ahead, Washington, D.C. vance Black interests. Where a cause is you will be demonstrating to all our friends DEAR MR. ANDREWS: January 22, 1973 Will honestly deemed to be historic and sacred, and enemies, here and abroad, that "We mark the 55th Anniversary of the proclama­ far surpassing UCCA, you or me, there can Know Where We're Going." tion of the Independence of Ukraine, and the be no narrow and arbitrary limits to its con­ 54th Anniversary of the Act of Union, where­ vinced and helping supporters. Again, in (From the America, Ukrainian Catholic Dally, by all Ukrainian ethnographic lands were short, learning by the successful experience Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 19, 1972] united into one independent and sovereign of others and being ready to accommodate PRESIDENT NIXON'S TELEGRAM TO UCCA state of the Ukrainian nation. Both the In­ change, then "We Know Where We're Going." CONGRESS dependence of Ukraine and the Act of Union DEMANDS AND CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE DR. LEV E. DOBRIANSKY, were proclaimed in Kiev, capital of Ukraine, In near conclusion, let me state that in all President, UCCA: on January 22, 1918 and January 22, 1919, these years it has been a veritable record of My warmest greetings go out to the dele­ respectively. experience and pride for me to represent you gates of the Convention of the Ukrainian Regrettably, the young Ukrainian demo­ on the far-:flung fronts of our activities, in­ Congress Committee of America. You are cratic republic was immediately attached by volving addresses, writings, consultations, to be commended on your consistent efforts Communist Russia, despite the fact that the meetings, TV, radio and sundry participa­ to keep alive the rich cultural traditions new Soviet Russian government had officially tions of all sorts, Congressional testimonies, of your forebears and to perpetuate the recognized Ukraine as an independent and world;..Wide travel, the constant development same high standards that have always sovereign state. The same recognition to of new contacts and the steady cultivation characterized the contributions of Ukrainian Ukraine was granted by the Central Powers of old friends of our cause, and so forth. As Americans to our national life. and a number of states of the Entente, in­ our activities have progressively expanded, Your staunch appreciation of the heritage cluding France and Great Britain. By 1920, unfortunately, sheer scarcity of time and re­ of freedom we cherish as Americans Is a Ukraine, alone and unaided, succumbed to source has caused a selective restriction in source of sustaining vitality and strength the vastly superior forces of Communist Rus­ more personal contacts With you and your for our country. I hope that your meeting sia, which destroyed the Ukrainian National organl.za.tions. I hope, on this score, that your will be a productive and rewarding one for Republic, created a Communist puppet gov­ charity of understanding is sufficient to ab­ your members, as well as for the nation ernment in Ukraine known as the "Ukrainian solve me of what may appear to be neglect. you serve with such loyalty and devotion. Soviet Socialist Republic" and incorporated The course of such representation, which RICHARD NIXON. It forcibly into the "Union of Soviet Socialist means not speaking to each other on prob­ WHITE HOUSE, October 5, 1972. Republics" (USSR) . lems we know alike but to fellow Americans Today, the Kremlin is preparing whole­ and foreigners who don't or insufficiently Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, year celebrations throughout the Soviet Rus­ know them, is, I assure you, a demanding and I am happy to salute the Ukrainian peo­ sian empire to commemorate the 50th anni­ time-consuming one. Whomever you demo­ ple on the occasion of their 22d of Janu­ versary of the "founding" of the Soviet cratically choose to lead in the next Adminis­ ary celebration, the event marking the Union, which was established on December tration must be apprised and sufficiently ap­ 55th anniversary of Ukrainian independ­ 30, 1922. preciative of the continuum of purpose, mis­ ence. In this connection, the Central Committee sion, knowledge and Issues of UCCA in the of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union broad contexts set forth here. This year's celebration was somewhat (CPSU) and all its subservient branches in With vision, determination and much ini­ dimmed. The incessant and systematic the so-called "union republics" are conduct­ tiative he or she must be prepared for the oppression of the Ukrainian people by ing a mammoth propaganda campaign for inevitable changes, and thus opportunities, of the Soviet Government has continued. the purpose of creating another Soviet myth, 1818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January .23, 1973 namely, that the USSR is a model multina­ Federated Soviet Socialist Republic prof­ of bondage and declared its independ­ tional state, in which all component mem­ fered only subversion and military ag­ ber-republics are truly "sovereign," in which ence from Russia's czarist government. the nationality problem has been "solved" gression. Within 3 years the Ukraine was Today we commemorate that momentous satisfactorily and in which relations between once again under the tyranny of the So­ event. the various nations are based on the "prin· viet regime. In one respect, however, this anniver­ ciples of true equality and friendship." Opposition from Moscow has thwarted sary must remain a solemn occasion. But, the reality is something different, as even the most meager efforts toward po­ Only 3 years after declaring their inde­ we can see in the case of Ukraine and the iltical, economic, and cultural develop­ pendence, one modeled after our own, the 47-mlllion Ukrainian nation. ment. Resistance movements have been The entire history of Soviet-dominated Ukrainian people were once more an­ Ukraine is a ghastly record in inhumanity, countered with Soviet authorized depor­ nexed by another people's government, outright persecution and genocide, Russifi~a­ tation, starvation, and execution. this time by the new Bolshevik Govern­ tion and violations of human rights on a scale The Ukraine is in actuality but a con­ ment in Moscow. not known in mankind's history. Under stituent state of the U.S.S.R., yet its pa­ Heroically, these people struggled to Stalin, Ukraine was marked for physical triots have kept alive the spirit of na­ regain their autonomy, but each new destruction and denationalization; under tionalism and have nurtured the hopes thrust resulted only in frustration. Khrushchev and Brezhnev-Kosygin the out­ for freedom. right terror was replaced by the subtle proc­ Political trials of Ukrainian nationalist ess of destroying the Ukrainian national Stanch in their desire for freedom, leaders resulted in execution and im­ consciousness and identity through Russifica­ the Ukrainians hold as their ideal that prisonment for many of them. tion, persecution of "Ukrainian bourgeois na­ which we won in 1776 in the American Religious persecution has also marred tionalism" and the propagation of "fusion" Revolutionary War. the Ukraine since annexation. Orthodox of all non-Russian nations in a spurious "all­ The United States should take con­ Church members, Roman Catholics, Soviet people" which essentially would be certed actions to encourage this na­ Jews, and members of other religions the Russian people. tionalistic spirit and the struggle for self­ have all been discouraged, sometimes In summing up the Soviet Russian rule in determination. Educational and cultural Ukraine, the following results exemplify the through violence, from worshiping God. enslavement of Ukraine: exchanges, in conjunction with expanded In 1929 and again in 1945, Ukrainian During the 50-year rule of Moscow over trade agreements, can provide encour­ clergymen were banished en masse from Ukraine literally millions of Ukrainians have agement to Ukrainians in their quest for their homeland. been annihilated by the man-made famines, freedom from Soviet domination. Today, a capable Soviet leadership no deportations and outright executions; I commend the activity of the Ukrain­ longer resorts to executions as a means Both the Ukrainian Autocephalic Orthodox ian Congress Committee of America, to suppress Ukrainian desires for self­ Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Church which serves to initiate efforts toward were ruthlessly destroyed and their faithful determination and the right to worship members were incorporated into the Krem­ preserving freedom in the United States God. Yet it does continue to discourage lin-controlled Russian Orthodox Church; as well as establishing liberty in the worship and the revival of the fine All aspects of Ukrainian life are rigidly con­ Ukraine. Ukrainian culture, steeped in traditions trolled and directed by Moscow; the Academy I urge all Americans to join the which date back more than a millenium. of Sciences, all scientific and research insti­ Ukrainian people in celebration of this Such policies strangle freedoms that tutions, universities, technicums, publica­ anniversary. we in our Nation find essential to a gov­ tions, the press, party and government ap· elnment whose first interest is the gov­ paratuses, youth, women's organizations, Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, 55 years trade unions, and so forth; ago on January 22, 1918, the Ukrainian erned. The Ukrainians, just as our fore­ Arrests, trials and convictions of hundreds National Republic declared its independ­ fathers denounced the British, protest of young Ukrainian intellectuals-poets, ence from Russia. It was a happy day for these policies. Stanchly, they stand up writers, literary critics, playrights, profes· all Ukrainians. However, we must remain to Moscow's intimidations and demand sors and students are charged with "anti­ saddened at the fate of that short-lived their rights as human beings to self-de­ Soviet propaganda and agitation" though, in republic, for the realization of the cen­ termination and religious liberty. fact, these people profess loyalty to the Soviet Let us, then, as we observe this his.. state, but fight against its abuses, violations, turies-long dream of freedom and liberty and police rule. Among them are noted writ­ was brutally crushed by military force. toric anniversary, not forget these brave, ers and thinkers such as V. Chornovll, I. The Russian Red Army. after more than resolute people, but let us continue to Dzyuba, I. Svitlychny, E. Sverstiuk, V. Moroz, 2 years of furious fighting against the support them; and as the Government L. Plushch, and many others. Yuriy Shuk­ ardent Ukrainian nationalists, finally of our people and that of the Soviet hevych, the son of General Roman Shuk· overcame a stubborn resistance, and the Union achieve greater accord, let us hevych, commander-in-chief of the UPA, Ukraine was incorporated as a Socialist strive to use that greater understanding has been in and out of Soviet concentration Republic in the Soviet Union. Subsequent to make the Soviets more sensitive to the camps since the age of 15; in September 1972 needs of the worthy Ukrainians. he was again sentenced to ten years at hard Soviet policy designed to extinguish labor for refusing to denounce his assassi­ Ukrainian cultural and spiritual inde­ Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, this Jan­ nated father and the ideal for which he was pendence has exacted a heavy toll in uary 22 marks the 55th anniversary of killed: a free Ukraine. human lives and misery. The Ukraine, Ukrainian independence, a day which Today, Ukraine more than ever is a colony one of the richest of the captive repub­ pays tribute to the struggle of a brave of Communist Russia, a land of inhuman per­ lics of the U.S.S.R., has been economi­ people. Yet the Ukraine spends this inde­ secution and economic exploitation. cally exploited, and its natural endow­ pendence day as it has for the last sev­ Therefore, we kindly request you to make ments pillaged. eral decades, under Soviet dictate. appropriate statement on January 22nd on the floor of House of Representatives in sup­ Still, the Ukrainians have never given This independence day is of particu­ port of the Ukrainian people in their un­ up their dream of true liberty and free­ lar importance to Ukrainians, who are daunted struggle for human rights and free .. dom. They have tenaciously clung to being subjected to a massive propaganda dom, which are the basic presents of out their culture and tradition throughout an campaign commemorating the 50th an­ modern and civilized society. outrageous storm of the worst oppres­ niversary of the U.S.S.R. We must speak Sincerely yours, sion. Force alone cannot destroy the out in support of their quest for free­ Dr. ANTHONY ZUKOWSKY, cherished dream of a free Ukraine. The dom. This verbal support must also be President. heroic voices of their spokesmen make coupled with constructive action. Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, January it clear that free expression is a human And so I urge my fellow Congressmen 22 marked the 55th anniversary of the right that cannot be denied. As members to support the religious revival in proclamation of sovereignty by the of a free society we are obligated to call Ukraine by voting for the flood resolu­ Ukrainian :National Republic. The newly attention to their plight, to raise our tion, and to extend our options by cre­ found independent status enjoyed in 1918 voices along with those of our Ukrainian ating a select committee on captive na­ by the Ukrainians broke a centuries old Americans to honor their homeland and tions. scenario of invasion and subjugation by demand an end to oppression so that the The oppressed people of the world various oppressors, including Mongols, over 47 million Ukrainians in the Soviet must be heard. It is a moral obligation Poles, Czar Peter the Great, and the Union may be allowed to live in peace of free people to extend this right to Bolsheviks. and freedom. others. Thank you. Despite pledges to respect and honor Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, 55 Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, 55 Ukrainian independence, the Russian years ago, the Ukraine broke its chains years ago, on January 22, 1918, a Ukrain- January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1819 ian National Republic completely inde­ of hope to them. It is with this in mind memorating the 55th anniversary of pendent from Russia was founded 1n that I am honored to have this oppor­ Ukrainian independence, we are ac­ Kiev. This fulfilled a dream held by tunity to commemorate a happy day in knowledging our responsibility as free Ukrainian nationalists over a long period the long history of the Ukraine, Ukrain­ men to speak out on behalf of those of time. At last it seemed that the vibrant ian Independence Day. I honor those seeking freedom and national independ­ spirit and culture of the Ukraine could stalwart defenders of liberty and free­ ence. :flower in peace and freedom 1n the com­ dom, and earnestly hope that they may Though the freedom enjoyed by the munity of new-born nations. regain the rights and independence de­ people of the Ukraine was shortlived, its This republic, however, would only ex­ nied them over these long years. memory remains alive. Ever since that perience the exhilaration of freedom for Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. cherished independence was destroyed in 2 short years before being overwhelmed Speaker, today, January 23, marks the 1920, the largest non-Russian nation by the military might of Communist 55th anniversary of Ukrainian independ­ both in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe Russia. The revolution that promised ence. History records th"Rt Ukranian in­ has been struggling to regain it. With emancipation and liberty for the for­ dependence lasted only 2 short years, this in mind, we take this opportunity to mally enslaved people of Tsarist Russia 1918-20. Communist Russia would have make our plea for the justice and free­ only substituted one tyranny for another. us believe that independence threw the dom of all captive peoples. The Ukraine became a Socialist Repub­ Ukraine into such confusion and tur­ The Ukraine did not voluntarily enter lic, and in 1922 was included in the moil that it gladly welcomed the protec­ into any federation to form the U.S.S.R. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, a tive shadow of Russia. Nothing could be but, like other Baltic nations in the sub­ captive nation in a betrayal of liberty further from the truth. The proud people sequent 20 years, was forcibly incorpo­ and freedom. of the Ukraine fought valiantly for their rated into this new state under Moscow's A period where some expression of freedom. Indeed, their struggle continues rule. Unfortunately, there are more re­ Ukraine nationalism was allowed came to this day. cent examples of this Soviet policy of to an abrupt end in 1928, when the Soviet Communist Russia would have us imperio-colonialism. The scandalous ex­ leadership began measures to more fully think that they have ruled the Ukraine tradition of the Lithuanian sailor, Simas subjugate the Ukraine to Kremlin con­ wisely and well-that the people of the Kudirka; the invasion of Czechoslovakia; trol. Russian was introduced as an of­ Ukraine have prospered under Commu­ persistent Russian anti-Semitism; the ficial language, and repressive measures nist leadership. In truth, the Ukrainians plight of the rioting Polish workers; and to stamp out Ukrainian nationalism in­ have suffered a more severe and enduring the systematic Russian penetrations in cluded trials, executions and deporta­ oppression than any other nation has the Mideast and Latin America have tions. This horror was not confined to had to face in the last half century. again demonstrated to us what the peo­ the Soviet Union alone, as prominent When Russian troops invaded and con­ ple of the Ukraine have been suffering Ukrainians who tried to keep the flame quered the Ukraine in 1920, they were for 55 years. of freedom for the Ukraine alive were confident that they could suppress the Therefore, the present detente now ruthlessly hunted down elsewhere in people into total obedience. They under­ enjoyed by the United States and the Europe. estimated the spirit and courage of these U.S.S.R. must not diminish our outrage In the Ukraine itself, conditions wors­ noble people. When the Communists at the long years of subjugation of the ened through the 1930's as the onslaught heard a voice of protest, a plea for free­ Ukraine. Efforts to encourage our new against the Ukrainian independent spirit dom, they would answer with a firing trade policies with the Soviets should not intensified. squad. But this did not silence the cry simultaneously condone past acts of In addition to economic pillage of this for liberty. For every patriot that died, repression. rich land, the richest of all the Soviet there were others behind him with equal We cannot let it be forgotten that 40 Socialist Republics, and the political ter­ courage, and with the same burning de­ years ago under Stalin over 15 million ror, there was the ordeal of famine, star­ sire to regain the independence which Ukrainian people starved to death as vation, and the uncompromising attacks the Communists had taken from a once a result of a manmade famine. Nor against religious and personal liberty. proud and happy nation. should the current mass arrests and cul­ This tale of human misery and denial of Communist oppression did not stop tural repressions in the Ukraine be man's dignity is one of the worst on here. Churches and religions were passed over without condemnation. record. abolished as the Communists tried to There is no doubt in my mind, Mr. Then 1n World War II, this land suf­ convince the people that only the Com­ Speaker, that increased contact with fered some of the most horrible ravages munist Party knew what was moral, wise, countries behind the Iron Curtain has of war. Worse still was the shattering and just. If the only "god" to be wor­ been largely responsible for the growing of the hope that Ukrainian independence shiped was the head of the Communist assertion of dissatisfaction with their could again reassert itself in the chaos Party, he proved a cruel and wicked Communist oppressors. The desire for of war. Ukrainian patriots rallied bravely "god" indeed. For this is also the 40th freedom remains strong and vibrant in to the cause and fought, first the invad­ anniversary of Stalin's man-made fam­ these captive peoples. It is this desire for ing Nazis, then the reconquering Com­ ine which took the lives of 15 million self determination that we must encour­ munist army. But with no outside help, Ukrainians. age. the cause was doomed and Stalinist re­ My fellow colleagues, the Ukrainian Ukrainians still hold firm to the vision pression continued unabated. struggle for independence continues. of their homeland as an independent na­ The death of Stalin by no means ended Even as I address you now, the Commu­ tion. It is encouraged by the Americ.an the persecution of the Ukrainians. For nists are subjecting the people of the ideal. It can be enhanced by the thaw simply expressing a desire to enjoy the Ukraine to renewed cultural repression in United States-Soviet relations. That is freedom that the Russian Revolution and mass arrests. Gentlemen, 55 years why it is essential that we nurture the promised them, Ukrainian intellectuals is a long time to fight for freedom, but channels of dialog which have already and dissenters have suffered the same these noble people have kept up the fight. been opened a.nd continue to develop new loss of jobs, confinement in "mental" in­ Their courage should serve to inspire all inroads in the quest for worldwide peace stitutions and prisons, and denial of free of us to dedicate ourselves to do every­ and independence. expression as other critics of the Soviet thing in our power to see that their Thus, I submit we must not place limits Government. This oppression must be dream becomes reality. As our Nation on our avenues of approach to the gov­ ended, however, only if the free peoples seeks for a closer relationship with the ernments of the world. New points of of the world care, can the plight of these U.S.S.R. we must urge the President to contact offer new opportunities for ·un­ people be alleviated. We cannot ignore take up the battle for Ukrainian inde­ derstanding, I believe, in order th9.t the the fact that the citizens of a nation that pendence. We will not be satisfied until ultimate result will be eventual freedom was a charter member of the United Na­ this great people, and their great nation for the people of the Ukraine and other tions are still not free. can, once again, join the independent na­ captive or threatened peoples of the We, as a free nation, must not shun tions of the free world. world. It is to this goal-a world of our responsibility as spokesmen for the Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, in join­ peace-that we must sincerely rededicate cause of these millions, and we must do ing our distinguished colleagues, Con- ourselves on this 55th commemoration of whatever we can to bring some small ray gressmen FLOOD and DERWINSKI, in com- Ukrainian independence. 1820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 23, 1973 Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, upon themselves and their posterity, but in a people whose active expression of I am honored to have the privilege to also to defend these blessings success­ conscience may result at any moment in join in observing Ukranian Independence fully when necessary. Thus, we must their arrest. Day. In the hearts of all free people, this sometimes be reminded of those in other Now reports from the Ukraine indicate day carries with it a note of joy. But parts of the world who are less fortu­ that the Soviet Union, through secret that joy is dulled by the shadow of sor­ nate than we, and who, in some cases, police-KGB-harassment, has :flagrant­ row for a once free and vital nation, can only remember freedom from their ly violated the four freedoms held so dear which now lies captive. So u:any lives parents' or grandparents' lips. by all of us who respect human rights and which were filled with purpose and hope Although the Communist regime con­ dignity-the freedom of speech, the free­ were cruelly transformed into lives of tinues its oppressiveness, the spirit of dom of conscience, the freedom from despair. freedom still :flourishes una!>ated in the fear, and the freedom from want. It is fitting that we in the Congress pub­ hearts of contemporary Ukrainians just Freedom of speech and conscience can­ licly indicate our appreciation for the as it :flourished in the hearts of their an­ not exist when the government spon­ contribution of Ukrainian immigrants cestors prior to 1918. And just as the sors-and censors-the news media. Pub­ and their descendents to the American ancestral spirit culminated in independ­ lishers and writers of the underground cultUre of today. Ukrainian Americans ence 55 ye~rs ago, so the Ukrainians Ukrainian Herald, authors, poets, critics, have been a creative force in American trapped today under this latter-day So­ professors, students, both men and wom­ society. Their rich cultural and tradi­ viet brand of tyranny will once again, en, have been recent targets of KGB ar­ tional gifts which they brought to Amer­ I deeply believe, see their dreams of in­ rest and incarceration. Freedom from ica serve to enrich our own national cul­ dependence fulfilled. fear and want is impossible when no one ture. Their participation in government, For us, this hope is symbolized by can be sure from one day to the next that community affairs, and in the business Ukrainian Independence Day. A day ob­ loved ones will return home in the even­ sector, merits the admiration of all peo­ served publicly in this country by Ameri­ ing and spend the night in peace. ple in the United States and sets an cans who join those in the Ukraine who For almost 200 years the people of the example of achievement for our citizens. are forced to observe this day in secret. United States have basked in the luxury This day of commemoration keeps alive An official national recognition of of freedom. It is difficult for us to fully the precious concept of freedom in the Ukrainian Independence Day in the comprehend a life in which freedom of hearts of oppressed people throughout United States would certainly be appro­ speech and conscience, freedom from the world who look to America as the priate to honm.· those men and women fear and want are not daily occurrences beacon of freedom. If the people of the who maintain their continuing struggle to be taken for granted. Ukraine are determined that the Ukraine for freedom, and I shall support such an The anniversary of the Ukrainian shall again be free, then she shall be free, effort not only to honor all ~hose who struggle for independence is an awesome and until that day, and thereafter, we have come to America and have contrib­ reminder that the freedom which we as shall nourish and protect and proclaim uted to our domestic ideals, but also to Americans know is the exception rather freedom for all captive people. honor those Ukrainians who continue 4:o than the rule, worldwide, and that be­ Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ fight in their Soviet dominated homeland hind the Iron Curtain human rights and uary 22, 1918, after 2% centuries of in the defense' of their time-honored the hope of freedom are still a dream Polish and Russian domination, the peo­ ideals of freedom. rather than a reality. ple of the Ukraine threw off the shackles Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, I would It is my privilege and honor to express of oppression and declared themselves like to take a few moments to join my my pride in the bravely tenacious at last a free and independent nation. distinguished · colleagues, and all who Ukrainians whose hearts still crave and This historic declaration marked the ful­ cherish freedom, in commemorating the whose heads still conspire for the return fillment of the dreams of the generations anniversary of the independence of the of freedom to their homeland. of Ukrainians who, although dominated Ukraine. Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, by others, had never relinquished their January 22 marked the 55th year since January 22, marked the 55th anniver­ desire for freedom. However, after less the Ukrainian National Republic gained sary of Ukrainian Independence Day. than 3 years of independence, during full recognition as an independent na­ This anniversary is as important to us, which the people of the Ukraine put up tion. Unfortunately, the Ukrainian vision the free citizens of the United States, as a valiant struggle for the protection of of liberty was darkened all too soon by it is to the oppressed and freedom­ their homeland, the new Communist the forceful intervention of the Soviet starved people of the Ukraine. regime in the Soviet Union overran this Government, which made the Ukraine an While we in the United States are free new nation and established, once again, unwilling member of the U.S.S.R. in 1923. to commemorate this significant anniver­ totalitarian rule over that troubled land. It is a credit to the Ukrainians, however, sary, 47 million Ukrainians are being Therefore, 55 years ago this month, that through decades of repression, this permeated with repressive propaganda the independence of the Ukraine was vision of liberty has not been dimmed. It concerning the 50th anniversary of the destroyed by the Soviet Union and, ever is a tribute also to the power of freedom U.S.S.R. since those bleak days in 1918, this that the 2 million Americans of Ukrain­ Myths fostered upon the Ukrainian largest of the Eastern European, non­ ian descent have not forsaken the moral people by their Russian masters, and Russian nations-whose very name and physical struggle of their East intended to force Ukrainian assimila­ means "borderland" or "away from the European brothers and sisters. tion into Russia's homogeneous society, brink"-has been struggling to regain Particular commendations should go have not succeeded in inducing the cul­ its cherished freedom. to two groups who have refused to allow tured and highly individualistic Ukrain­ As we observe this 55th anniversary the plight of the Ukraine to be lost in ians to relinquish their proud nation­ of Ukrainian independence. we must the mists of time and Soviet propaganda. alistic tradition. recognize that 47 million Ukrainians The Ukrainian Congress Committee of I am confident that Russia's unscrupu­ have been living in slavery since the America, Inc., with leaders like Dr. Lev lous attempts to destroy Ukrainian cul­ early years of this century. Nevertheless, E. Dobriansky of Georgetown University, ture will not succeed, because the people­ although their plight has worsened has with ceaseless effort brought to the of the Ukraine have undergone great. since World Warn. events in this great attention of the American people the social and physical oppression in the country illustrate that their yearnings suffering of the 47 million Ukrainians. past and are still adamant in their brave for freedom is not dead. Americans need Under the leadership of president Ms. not be reminded of the sccres of people Ulana Celewych, the Women's Associa­ efforts to liberate themselves. who have escaped Communist oppres­ tion for the Defense of the Four Free­ Americans, fortunate in their guar­ sion, or of their continuing desire for doms of the Ukraine has pleaded with anteed right to freedom, must find em­ freedom as it is expressed in passive compelling compassion for the recogni­ pathy to appreciate the nature of this resistence, workers' strikes, riots, or out­ tion of the rights of Ukrainians for a life terrible struggle, and hope that the right rebellion. of their own choosing. Ukrainians will not wait much longer to We live in a land fortunate enough to I recently visited the Soviet Union, enjoy these same liberties. It is uncon­ have had forefathers who saw fit not where one cannot fail to notice the pain­ scionable that the Ukrainians, allowed only to bestow the blessings ot freedom ful silence, and the undercurrent of fear a taste of freedom's richness, should have January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1821 their just reward cruelly removed and And let us once again pledge to con­ cation and violations of human rights on denied for so long. tinue to support in every way possible a scale not known in mankind's history. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker. we are the Ukrainian people's struggle for free­ Under Stalin, Ukraine was marked for phys­ Ical destruction and denationalization; un­ blessed in this Nation by many freedoms. dom and self-determination- der Khrushchev and Brezhnev-Kosygin the but freedom and responsibility are two By supporting the religious revival in outright terror was replaced by the subtle sides of the same coin and I believe we the Ukraine by passing a congressional process of destroying the Ukrainian national have an obligation to use our freedoms resolution seeking the resurrection of the consciousness and identity through Russifi­ to speak out on behalf of those peoples Ukrainian Orthodox and Catholic cation, persecution of "Ukrainian bourgeois still held captive by Communist tyranny. Churches genocided by Stalin; nationalism," and the propagation of "fu­ I am proud to join my colleagues today By creating a Select Committee on sion" of all non-Russian nations in a spur­ in paying tribute to the gallant Ukrain­ Captive Nations, with concentration on ious "all-Soviet people.'' which essentially ian people and to mark the 55th anniver­ those in the U.S.S.R. and Red China; would be the Russian people. In summing up the Soviet Russian rule sary of the proclamation of Ukraine's and in Ukraine, the following results exemplify independence. Dr. Dobriansky and the By adjusting economic exchange to the enslavement of Ukraine: Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer­ political requisites in our trade policies. During the 50-year rule of Moscow over ica are once again to be commended for I am privileged to have in my district Ukraine, literally millions of Ukrainians bringing to the attention of the Ameri­ in New York State many thousands of have been annihilated by the man-made can people the plight of the more than persons who were either born in the famines, deportations and outright execu- 4'1 million Ukrainians. Ukraine or who are Americans of tions; ' · It was just 55 years ago that the Ukrainian heritage. Mr. Speaker, I in­ Both the Ukrainian Autocephalic Ortho­ dox Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Ukrainian people took advantage of the clude for the REcoRD an excellent letter Church were ruthlessly destroyed and their overthrow of the czarist regime to de­ which I have received from the Buffalo faithful members were incorporated into clare their freedom from Moscow's rule chapter of the Ukrainian Congress Com­ the Kremlin-controlled Russian Orthodox and establish an independent democratic mittee of America, Inc., which clearly Church; government. Their new-found freedom articulates the heroic struggles of the All aspects of Ukrainian life are rigidly unfortunately was shortlived. Although Ukrainian people. I also include selec­ controlled and directed by Moscow: the Lenin issued a proclamation on Decem­ tions from the Ukrainian Congress Com­ Academy of Sciences, all scientific and re­ ber 17, 1917, recognizing the Ukraine as mittee of America's booklet "Ukrainian search institutions, universities, technicums, Intellectuals in Shackles". publications, the press, party and govern­ a completely sovereign and independent ment apparatuses, youth, women's organiza­ state, 1 week later the Bolshevik army UKRAINIAN CONGRESS CoMMri'TEE tions, trade unions, and so forth; invaded the Ukraine. After a fierce battle, OF AMERrCA, INC., BUFFALO CHAP­ Arrests, trials and convictions of hundreds the Ukrainian people lost to overwhelm­ TER, of young Ukrainian intellectuals--poets, ing forces and became unwilling subjects Buffalo, N. Y., January 6, 1973. writers, literary critics, playwrights, profes­ of the Communist regime. HoN. CONGRESSMAN KEMP; January 22, sors and students--are charged with ..anti­ 1973, will mark the 55th Anniversary of the Soviet propaganda and agitation," though, The Ukrainian people have heroically proclamation of the Independence of resisted systematic Communist efforts to in fact, these people profess loyalty to the Ukraine, and the 54th Anniversary of the Soviet state. but fight against its abuses, erase all sense of Ukrainian nationality. Act of Union, whereby all Ukrainia.n ethno­ violations and police rule. Among them are And today the demand for freedom in graphic lands were united into one inde­ noted writers and thinkers such as V. Chor­ pendent and sovereign state of the Ukrain­ the Ukraine has risen to such a. level that novll, I. Dzyuba, I. Svitlychny, E. Sverstiuk, ian nation. Both the Independence of a new wave of terror and repression has V. Moroz, L. Plushch, and many others. in Ukraine and the Act of Union were pro­ been put into effect a vain attempt to claimed in Kiev, capital of Ukraine, on Janu­ Yurij Shukhevych, the son of General Ro­ silence the people. ary 22, 1918 and January 22, 1919, respec­ man Shukhevych, commander-in-chief of I have recently had the opportunity to tively. the UPA, has been in and out of Soviet con­ read some of the literature of the Regrettably, the young Ukrainian demo­ centration camps since the age of 15; in Ukrainian resistance movement and it is cratic republic was immediately attacked by September 1972, he was again sentenced to impossible not to be deeply moved by the Communist Russia, despite the fact that the ten years at hard labor for refusing to de­ new Soviet Russian government had offi­ nounce his assassinated father and the ideal selfless heroism shown by these Ukrain­ for which he was killed: a free Ukraine. ian freedom :fighters. I would like to cially recognized Ukraine as an independ­ ent and sovereign state. The same recogni­ Today, Ukraine more than ever is a colony quote at this time a few words from a tion to Ukraine was granted by the Central of Communist Russia, a land of inhuman petition addressed to the Ukrainian Su­ Powers and a number of states of the En­ persecution and economic exploitation. preme Soviet from Siberia by the im­ tente, including France and Great Britain. Therefore, Sir, we kindly request you to prisoned Ukrainian historian, Valentyn By 1920, Ukra.ine, alone and unaided, suc­ make appropriate statement in support of Moroz: cumbed to the vastly superior forces o! Com­ the Ukrainian people in the House of Rep­ munist Russia, which destroyed the Ukrain­ resentatives, in paying tribute to the Ukrain­ The present events in Ukraine are also a ian people and their undaunted struggle for turning point; the glacier of terror which ian National Republic, created a Communist puppet government in Ukraine known as the human rights and freedom, which are the had firmly bound the spiritual life of the basic precedents of our modern and civil­ nation for many years is breaking up. As "Ukrainian Sovi.et Socialist Republic.'' and ized society. always they put people behind bars and as incorporated it forcibly into the "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" (USSR). Sincerely yours, always deport them to the East. But this WASYL SHARVAN, time, these people did not' sink into obscur­ Toda.y, the Kremlin Is preparing whole­ year celebra.tions throughout the Soviet Rus­ President. ity. To the grea.t surprise of the KGB, for ANDRIJ DIAKUN, J. D., the first time in the last decade public sian empire to commemorate the 50th anni­ versary of the "founding" of the Soviet Un­ Vice President and Public Relations opinion has risen; for the first time the KGB Chairman. felt powerless to stifle all this. ion, which was established on December 30, 1922. It is my fervent hope that as writings In this connection, the Central Committee UKRAINIAN INTELLECTUALS IN SHACKLES: VIO­ such as these circulate throughout the of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union LATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UK.R.UNE free world and as the true facts of the (CPSU) and all its subservient branches in INTRODUCTION Ukrainian people's struggle for liberty the so-called "union republics" are conduct­ Recent arrests of Ukrainian intellectuals become better known, that free people ing a mammoth propaganda campaign for and other patriots in Ukraine bring to the the purpose of creating another Soviet myth, fore the incessant and systematic oppression everywhere will join together in a mas­ namely, tha.t the USSR is a model multi­ of the Ukrainian people by the Soviet gov­ sive outcry for justice and freedom for national state, in which the nationality prob­ ernment. This deplorable situation requires the Ukrainian people. lem has been "solved" satisfactorily. in which wider and more serious attention of world On this anniversary, it is particularly all component member-republics a.re truly statesmen, who thus far have been reluctant appropriate that we should honor the "sovereign" and in which relations between to touch this matter as concerns the captive memory of the millions of gallant the various nations are based on the "prin­ nations. Ukrai.n.ians who have fallen in the cause ciples of true equality and friendship." Yet much attention is devoted to viola­ But the reality is something d11ferent, as of freedom and that we should pay trib­ tions of human rights in other parts of the we can see in the case of Ukraine and the world. The violation of human rights every­ ute to the countless Ukrainian freedom 47-million Ukrainian nation. where in the world should be the concern fighters who are today serving the cause The entire history o~ Soviet-dominated of the whole civilized world. of liberty and justice In their native Ukraine Is a ghastly record 1n inhumanity, There are over 47,000,000 Ukrainians, and land. outright persecution and genocide, Russl1l- they are governed by a puppet regime of 1822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 23, 1973 Moscow, known as the "Ukrainian Soviet the political trials in Ukraine are held in latest translation of the work from the Socialist Republic," in which stooges of Mos­ camera, very often excluding fam.lly members French poet, Pierre-Jean Beranger, appeared cow exercise the power in the name of the of the defendants, because the Kremlin is in the "Dnipro" Publication Pisni (Songs), communist Party. The Soviet secret pollee, fearful that open trials would engender and published in Kiev in 1970. the KGB (Committee for State Security). is spread the seeds of opposition throughout Eugene Sverstiuk, born in 1928in Volhynia. the true government in the USSR and in the whole of Ukraine. He is a critic and publicist; his essays and Ukraine. • articles have been published in many Persecution and oppression of the Ukrain­ THE CASE OF THE UKRAINIAN INTELLECTUALS Ukrainian reviews. With his arrest in 1965- ian people have always been part and parcel 1966, his literary output was curtailed con­ of the Russian Communist rule in Ukraine. Despite the Kremlin's lip service to the siderably. One of his essays on the Ukrainian But since 1965 the Kremlin and its satraps concept of human rights and the vaunted Soviet constitution, the Soviet regime in poet Mykola Zerov, who was "liquidated" in Ukraine have stepped up arrests and trials during the Stalinist reign of terror, appeared of Ukrainian intellectuals. Ukraine has its own brand of "human in the Ukrainian magazine Dukla, appearing Both Reuters of London and The New rights," and acts accordingly. in Priasiv, Czechoslovakia, during Alexander York Times reported that in January, 1972, In Ukraine most of the arrested were or Dubcek's regime; its publication has been a new wave of arrests of Ukrainian intellect­ are being tried under Art. 62 of the Criminal suspended by the present pro-Moscow gov­ uals swept such Ukrainian cities as Kiev and Code of the Ukrainian SSR, which reads: ernment of Gustav Husak. One important Lvov; but reliable Ukrainian sources from "Agitation or propaganda for the purpose work, Cathedral on the Scaffolding, has been Ukraine report that extensive arrests are of undermining or weakening the Soviet widely circulated in Ukraine as a sam.vydav continuing to be made in other cities of rule, the commitment by individuals of (underground) publication. Ukraine-Odessa, Kharkiv, Dniepropetrovsk, crimes which are of particular danger to the Stephania Shabatura, born in 1938, 1s an Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil, among others. state, or false or defamatory rumors which artist and a specialist on Ukrainian rugs The number of those arrested has passed discredit the Soviet state and social system, (kylym); her kylYin5 have been displayed one hundred. as well as circulation, production or collec­ widely at art exhibits, especially at the De­ On January 15, 1972 The New York Times tion, for the same purpose, of literature of cember 1971 kylym exhibit in Kiev; widely reported from Moscow: similar contents-are punishable by im­ known in Ukraine are her kylym "Ivan "The Soviet secret police have arrested prisonment for a term of from six months Kotlyarevsky" (1969) and "Young Dovbush 11 Ukrainians, apparently under suspicion to seven years with banishment for up to five in the Green Beskid" (1970). She incurred of nationalist activity . . . All were held years •••" the ire of the KGB by demanding admission under an article of the Ukrainian Criminal Consequently, Ukrainian intellectuals are to the secret trial of Valentyn Moroz, who Code that prohibits "deliberately false fabri­ being arrested for reading books on Ukraine was sentenced to nine years at hard labor in cation defaming the Soviet state ..." The by non-Communist writers or disseminating the fall of 1970. sources said that seven others were arrested such documents as the encyclical Pacem in Irena Stasiv-Kalynets, born in 1940, is the in Lvov, the main city in Western Ukraine Terris, issued by the late Pope John XXIII wife of Ukrainian poet Ihor Kalynets, who is and generally considered one of the strongest in 1963, or the text of the address delivered the author of three collections of poetry, Fire centers of Ukrainian nationalism." by the late President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Kupalo (1966) Poetry from Ukraine (1970), The same information, sent from Moscow at the unveiling of the Taras Shevchenko and Summary of Silence ( 1971) . She, too, is by the Agence France Presse, was carried in monument on June 27, 1964, in Washington, a poet of note, specializing in poetry for the January 15-16, 1972 issue of Le Figaro of D.C. children and the youth. She was an instructor Paris. VICTIMS OF SOVIET TYRANNY of the Ukrainian language and literature at WHO ARE THESE ARRESTED UKRAINIAN Here are some of the arrested Ukrainian the Lviv Polytechnical Institute until the INTELLECTUALS? intellectuals, whose writings Moscow deems summer of 1970, when she was ousted from "dangerous" to its domination in Ukraine: Among those arrested in Ukraine are her position and was forced to work in a Vyacheslav M. Chornovn, born in 1938 in textile factory, where she was arrested in Ukrainian writers, literary critics, journalists, the Cherkassy province; publicist and liter­ January, 1972. professors, students, artists, painters, scien­ ary critic and a graduate of Kiev State Uni­ Yuriy Shukhevych, born in 1944. He is the tific workers, and representatives of all other versity; worked as reporter and TV com­ strata of society in Ukraine. son of General Roman Shukhevych (Taras mentator. In August of 1967 he was arrested Chuprynka) who, as commander-in-chief of Many of these intellectuals had been ar­ and sentenced to 3 years at hard labor for rested and sentenced in 1965-1966. Their the Ukranian Insurgent Army (UPA), was compiling material on the arrests and trials ambushed and killed by Soviet security troops "crimes" now are the same as in previous of 20 Ukrainian intellectuals in 1965-66. His years, and these were defined succinctly by in the fall of 1950 in Western Ukraine. The documentary book, The Chornovll Papers, son, Yuriy, was arrested by the NKVD in Edward crankshaw, noted British Kremli­ was published by the McGraw-Hill Com­ nologist, who wrote in the February 11, 1968 1948, at which time he was 15 years old, and pany in 1968. He was released in 1969, but sentenced to 10 years at hard labor; he was issue of· The Observer of London: re-arrested in January, 1972. "What had these men done? They had dis­ released in 1956, but the Soviet Prosecutor Ivan Dzyuba, born in 1931 in the village of General, Roman Rudenko, sentenced him cussed among themselves, and among their Mykolaivka in the Donets area of Ukraine, friends, ways and means of legally resisting again, this time to 2 years at hard labor. In where he attended the Pedagogical Institute 1958, on the eve of his release, he was tried the forcible Russification of Ukraine and the (Donetsk was then known as Stalino); he is continued destruction of its culture. They once again by the Lviv District Court and a graduate of the T. Shevchenko Institute of sentenced to 10 years at hard labor for pro­ possessed books dealing with this problem, Literature in Kiev, and worked as editor and some of them written in Czarist times. They moting "anti-Soviet propaganda and agita­ literary critic. Among his works are such tion" among political prisoners, and also be­ possessed notebooks with quotations from books as Soviet Literature, An "Ordinary the great Ukrainian patriots .. . They were cause he refused to denounce his father as Man" or a Philistine?, The One Who Chased an "enemy of the people." In 1968 he was not advocating secession in any form and out the Pharisees, and Internationalism or even had they done so, there would have released, but forbidden to return to Ukraine; Russification? The latter book was published he lived with his wife and child in the city been no violation of the constitut1.on • . • in English and disseminated throughout the They were deeply concerned because the of Nalchik in the caucasus, where he was world (1968). He was reported subsequently arrested again on February 27, 1972. Moscow Government was still persisting in to have been released from prison and placed its efforts to blot out Ukrainian consciousness Ivan A. Hel, a student and art critic at under house arrest. According to the March 3, Lviv University, was first arrested and sen­ which even Stalin with his massive deporta­ 1972 issue of Llteraturna Ukraina (Literary tions and killings failed to do ..." tenced on March 25, 1965, to 3 years at hard Ukraine) , an organ of the Union of Writers labor for "anti-Soviet propaganda and agita­ The new wave of arrests in Ukraine and in of Ukraine, Dzyuba was expelled from the Russia began after a decision on December tion." He served his term in Camp II, Yavas, Union "for gross violation of the statutes" of Mordovia. Released in 1969, he was again ar­ 30, 1971 of the Central Cominittee of the the organization, and for "preparing and dis­ Communist Party of the Soviet Union to sup­ rested in January, 1972. seminating materials bearing an anti-Soviet Yaroslav Dobosh's arrest was reported on press such samvydav (underground) publica­ and anti-Communist character.... " tions as The Chronicle of Current Events, February 26, 1972, by Radyanska Ukraina, (On May 1, 1972, several international news organ of the Central Committee of the Com­ apeparing in Russian, and The Ukrainian services reported from Moscow that two Herald, published in Ukrainian. munist Party of Ukraine and the CouncU weeks prior the Soviet secret police -in Kiev of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. The ar­ • * against arrested Ivan Dzyuba.) ticle assailed "bourgeois Ukrainian national­ While in Russia the KGB is arresting Rus­ Ivan Svitlychny, born in 1929 in the Lu­ ists" and their "alliance" with Mao Tse­ sian dissidents for their opposition to the hansk area of Ukraine. He 1s a literary critic tung. In that connection the Soviet author­ Communist regime, in Ukraine these arrests and publicist; in 1952 he graduated from the ities "revealed" that Mr. Dobosh, a young are directed at destroying the essence of the State University in Kharkiv and worked in Ukrainian student from Belgiutn, had Ukrainian national identity and at eradicat­ the Institute of Literature of the Academy of brought "secret instructions from the Or­ ing the Ukrainian national consciousness as Sciences while writing articles and literary ganization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)'" a powerful force in the struggle for Ukraini­ essays -for various journals and newspapers in and (allegedly) "came to Ukraine to foment an statehood. Ukraine. Arrested in 1966, he spent eight anti-Soviet revolutionary activities." (These Also in contrast to the trials in Russia, months in jail. He wrote also for Ukrainian charges were promptly denied by OUN leaders which 'are accessible to Western journallsts, journals in Czechoslovakia and Poland. His in Europe.) · January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 1823

OTHER ARRESTED UKRAINIANS released in 1948, he was re-arrested and in visit to Canada. of Soviet Premier Alexei A number of other Ukrainian writers and 1952 sentenced to 25 years at hard labor !or Kosygin, Prime Minister Pierre E. Trudeau, intellectuals were arrested in January and unspecified "subversive'" activity. He died in infi.uenced by Canadian public opinion and February, 1972. a Soviet jail in the summer of 1971. Ukrainian Canadian parliamentarian headed They a.re: Valentyn Moroz, a young Ukrainian his­ by Senator Paul Yuzyk, brought up the Kiev: Vasyl Stus, a. literary critic; Alex­ torian, born in 1936. A graduate from the matter of repression in Ukraine with his ander Serhienko, Leonid Seleznenko, Mykola. University oi Lviv, he taught modern history Soviet guest. Shumuk, Zinoviy Antoniuk and Anatole in Lutsk ll.nd Ivano-Frankivsk, ancl prepared Therefore, the protesting voice of free­ Lupynis, Alexander Riznykiv, Volodymyr himself for his Ph. D. degree. In August, 1965, dom-loving peoples the world over, the press, Rohatynsky, Luba Seredniak, Leonid Kova.­ he was arrested and tried on charges o:f "anti­ radio and TV broadcasts-all can play a vital lenko and Dr. Prytyka (no first name given). Soviet propaganda. and agitation," and in role in exposing and moderating the barba­ Lviv: Stephania Hulyk, Hryhory Chuba.y January, 1966, sentenced to five years at hard rous Soviet policies in Ukraine. labor. He served four years in political pris­ and Mykhailo Osa.dchy. Mr. Osa.dchy, a. liter­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ary critic and author, was sentenced in 1966 oners' Camp II, Ya.vas, Mordovia. During his to 2 years at hard labor at Camp ll, Yavas, incarceration, Moroz was tried by the camp associate myself with the remarks of my Mordovia. At the time of his first arrest the court and committed to solitary confinement colleagues in paying tribute to the in­ KGB confiscated all copies o! his book o! for writing a blistering accusation of the So­ domitable will of the people of Ukraine­ poetry. Moon Fields. Born in Kumany in viet regime in a. booklet, A Report from the a people who still search after the inde­ the SUmy region of northeastern Ukraine, Beria. Preserve. In the fall of 1969, he was pendence which they won more than he is a. translator into Ukrainian of the poems released, but was unable to find employment half a century ago, and which they held of Garcia. Lorca. and the work of Baltic poets. because of his "criminal" record. On June 1, on to for so brief a span of time before it Recently, he published a. collection, entitled 1970, he was arrested again, and charged with Bilmo (Cataract)-poetry, essays and arti­ writing A Chronicle of Resistance in Ukraine, was cruelly wrested from them. cles, :for which, apparently, he was arrested. which scathingly assailed the Russi:fica.tion This year marks the 55th anniversary Iva.no-Fra.nkivsk: Rev. Vasyl Romaniuk, of Ukraine. On November 20, 1970, he was of Ukraine's independence. This inde­ Leonid Plushch (engineer-mathematician), sentenced tz> 9 years at hard labor. He is now pendence was destroyed in 1920 by the Mykola. Plakhotiuk, Mynailo (no first name reported to be in Vladimir Prison. first wave of Soviet Russian imperialism. given) and Zinovia Franko. Miss Franko is Archbishop Vasyl Welychkovsky, highest The people of Ukraine did not voluntar­ the daughter o:f Taras Franko (who died on prelate of the Ukrainian Catholic Church ily enter into any free federation to form November 5, 1971) and a granddaughter of (which functions illegally in Ukraine), was Ivan Franko, greatest poet o:f Ukraine after arrested in January, 1969 in Lviv, on his way the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Shevchenko. For the past few years she was to hear the confession of a. sick person; in Ukraine was forcibly incorporated into discriminated against by the Soviet govern­ the fall of the same year he was tried and this new imperialist state under Mos­ ment and could not obtain employment. She sentenced to three years at hard labor. In cow's rule as were the Baltic nations 20 was arrested in Kiev and subsequently re­ December, 1971, he was reported to be in a. years later. The 47 million people of leased. On March 2, 1972, Radyanska Ukra.ina jail for common criminals in the Donbas area. Ukraine constitute the largest captlve printed an "open letter" signed by Miss of Ukraine, and to be suffering from 111 health non-Russian nation in the U.S.S.R. and Franko, in which she "recanted" her "anti­ and abuse. Eastern Europe. Soviet activities." On February 27, 1972, Archbishop Welych­ (According to the "Smoloskyp" Press Serv­ kovsky arrived in Rome after being released These years of captive-nation status Ice, Miss Franko was rearrested by the KGB from prison, one month before his term was have been hard ones for the people of in April, 1972.) up. He has since been received by Joseph Ukraine. History tells us that upward of Cardinal Slipy, Archbishop-Major of the 15 million Ukrainians have starved to :MAKTYltS SENTENCED TO LONG IMPRISONMENT Ukrainian Church. Thus :far no public state­ Most of these Ukrainian intellectuals have death because of famines resulting from ment has appeared as to the circumstances Kremlin economic and agricultural poli­ been accused of glorifying the Ukrainian of his release and arrival in Rome. past, reading pre-revolutionary books on Alia. Horska, a young Ukrainian woman cies. Over the years, the Kremlin has de­ Ukrainian history, and copying and dissemi­ artist and a member of the Kiev Art Institute, stroyed the independent Ukrainian Or­ nating the speeches and writings o:f Western was murdered on November 28, 1970, near thodox Church and forced over 5 million leaders. They also discussed how to legally Kiev under mysterious circumstances. In her members of the Ukrainian Catholic stop and resist the forcible Russi:fication of home she often was host to many known Church into the fold of the Russian Or­ Ukraine and the destruction of its culture by Ukrainian intellectual dissidents. Together Russians. Some of them protested against thodox Church. It has harassed and per­ with two other Ukrainian a~ists, Panas Zaly­ secuted other Christian adherents in the unbridled persecution of national mi­ vakha and Ludmyla. 3emykina, she designed norities, notably the Jews; they accused the a stained-glass window entitled, "Prophet" Ukraine-the Baptists, Evangelics, Sev­ Soviet government of the inhuman deporta­ (showing Taras Shevcbenko in chains, with enth-Day Adventists, and Jehovah's tions of the Baltic peoples and the "liquida­ powerful quotations against the Russian Witnesses. It has oppressed the Jews by tion" of such ethnic groups as the Crimean Czars), for the main hall of Kiev University. closing down synagogues, molesting lead­ T.artars, Volga Germans, Chechen-Ingushes The window was destroyed by Russian ers, and terrorizing worshippers. and Karachais. chauvinists, angered because it symbolized Recent arrests of Ukrainian intellec­ A few cases will lliustrate the depth of :freedom, for which all Ukrainians are striv­ Soviet Russian oppression and lawlessness in tuals--writers, professors, artists, and ing. Miss Horska, according to The Ukrainian scientists-and other patriots serve only Ukraine: Herald (No. 5, June, 1971), was slain on the Svyatoslav Y. Ka.ra.vansky, poet, journalist orders of the KGB. to underscore the fact that there exists and translator of English classics into an intensive, systematic plan to destroy Ukrainian, including Jane Eyre, was arrested TRAVESTY OF "CULTURAL EXCHANGE" the culture of these people, and to com­ while an officer of the Soviet army in 1944 As we know, the United States has an plete the Russification of Ukraine which and sentenced to 25 years at hard labor; re­ agreement with the USSR regarding "cultural began in 1920. leased in 1960, he studied at Odessa. Univer­ exchanges." We thus open our doors to vari­ sity, but in 1965 he was arrested again and, ous teams of Soviet scientists, dance and All this is in open disregard of the Uni­ without benefit of jury, was sentenced by choral ensembles, students, scholars. musi­ versal Declaration of Human Rights. a Roman Rudenko, Prosecutor General of the cians, and writers and poets, such as the powerful, basic document seeking to pro­ USSR, to eight years and sevez:. months im­ hypocritcia.l Yevgeniy Yevtushenko. All, as mote and extend the rights of man. The prisonment (ct. Karavansky's petition in de­ emissaries of the Soviet regime, give fulsome Soviet Union is a. signatory of the Dec­ fense of Jews and other minorities in the praise to the Soviet system and its alleged laration-yet the Soviets have ob­ January 15, 1968 issue of The New Leader of cnltural and technological "progress" and structed. circumvented, and denied these New York). His wife, Nina. Strokata-Kara­ "freedom." vansky, a microbiologist at the Medical In­ But, at the very sarr e time, the Soviet principles to the people of the Ukraine. stitute ln Odessa., was arrested in the fall o! government is conducting cul~al and As free men in the world's greatest 19'11 for refusing to denounce and divorce religious genocide in Ukraine. It ruthlessly nation. it is our moral duty and respon­ her husband. persecutes Catholicism. Orthodoxy, Protes­ sibility to speak out in behalf of those Ka.teryna. Zarytska., a Ukra.lnian Red Cross tantism and Judaism in the USSR. seeking freedom and national independ­ worker during World War II, was arrested in Yet the Soviet Union is by no means im­ ence. And so, Mr. Speaker, I join in to­ 1947 and given 25 years at hard labor. She mune to the voice of international public day's tribute to the people of Ukraine in never benefited !rom any state-granted am­ opinion. Under the pressure of world opinion, their continuing quest for peace, justice, nesty and, as far as is known, is in notorious the Kremlin has allowed many Jews to emi­ and freedom. ~imir Prison, with release due this year. grate from the USSR to Israel, and Alexander Her tragedy was shared by her husband, Solzhenitsyn, great Russian writer and Nobel Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, it is fitting Mykhallo Soroka, another v:lctiln o:t Soviet prize winner, 1s still tree because the Krem.­ that this House should pause today to oppression. A teacher by profession, he was lin is reluctant to arrest h1m for fear of in­ commemorate the 55th anniversary of a.rrested in 1940 and sentenced to eight years; ternational repercussions. During the recent Ukrainian independence and to remem- 1824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE Janua'ry 23, 1973 ber that the Ukraine and its people con­ death of millions of individuals in Russia, The seven arrested were reported to have be Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine, Czech­ included a former television journalist, Vya­ tinue to subjugated by the Soviet oslovakia, Latvia, Estonia, White Ruthenia, cheslav Chornovil. Mr. Chornovil, in his early Union. The Ukraine today is a captive Rumania, East Germany, Bulgaria, Main­ 30's, was sentenced in November, 1967, to nation, where basic human rights are land China, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, 18 months in a labor camp for compiling an denied and where men are forbidden to North Korea, Albania, Ide:-Ural, Tibet, Cos­ underground account of secret police meth­ speak freely. Dissent is still punished sackia, Turkestan, North Vietnam, Serbia, ods used in rounding up about 100 Ukrain­ by prompt arrest and swift imprison­ Croatia, Slovenia, Cuba, and others; and ian intellectuals in 1965 and 1966. ment. Whereas thousands of survivors and ref­ About 20 of those arrested then were even­ The Ukraine won its independence on ugees from Communist campaigns of terror­ tually tried in secret in 1966 on charges of ism and mass liquidation have been forced to anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda. January 22, 1918, in a revolution not un­ :flee to the United States as refugees to :find They were sentenced to labor-camp terms like that which brought America its free­ the freedom and dignity denied to them by ranging from six months to six years. dom from the British. Like the Ameri­ Communist regimes and have become pro­ cans the Ukrainians sought a free and ductive citizens of the United States; and [From the Sun, Jan. 15, 1972] independent state. Unfortunately, this Whereas it is :fitting that the full facts of CHORNOVIL, SVITLICHNY AND 11 OTHER was not the case as the Bolshevik Revo­ Communist terrorism in all of its various UKRAINIAN INTELLECTUALS ARRESTED- lution, which was dominated by the Rus­ forms, including assassination and mass UKRAINIAN DISSIDENTS REPORTED HELD murder, be made manifest to all the peoples sians, did not live up to its high-sounding of the world so that such policies can be Moscow .-In a sweeping action against slogans and objectives, and the Commu­ properly understood and condemned by all Ukrainian "nationalists," Soviet secret police nists extended their domina~ion over mankind toward the purpose of eradicating have arrested 11 leading dissident intellec­ other non-Russian people, including the such policies from the body of mankind: tuals in the Ukraine, reliable sources said Now, therefore, be it yesterday. Ukrainians. Among those held by police is Vyacheslav The incidents of the week prior to the Resolved, That-- (1) The Speaker of the House shall within Chornovll, author of the "Chornovil Papers," celebration of Ukrainian Independence an account of the trial and prison camp ex­ Day in 1972 are certainly indicative of fourteen days hereafter appoint a special committee of twelve Members of the House, periences of 20 Ukrainian intellectuals con­ the situation in that captive nation. equally divided between the majority and victed in 1966 for nationalist agitation. Newspapers of January 14 and 15, 1972, minority parties, and shall designate one After the account was written, Mr. Chor­ carried stories dealing with the sudden member to serve as chairman, which special novil was sent to prison in 1967 for three arrest of 13 Ukrainian intellectuals for committee shall proceed to investigate all years. It was published later in the west. "deliberately false fabrications defam­ crimes against humanity perpetra~d under ARRESTED IN LVOV ing the Soviet State." Communist direction. The special commit­ He was one of seven persons arrested These articles indicate the true nature tee shall report to the House the results of Wednesday in Lvov, a city in the Western of life under communism-one of repres­ its investigation, together with its recom­ Ukraine where nationalist feeling against mendations, not later than one year follow­ Russians is reported to be especially strong. sion fear, and ten·or. The true facts ing the appointment of its full membership Four people were taken into custody in stan'd out in- stark contrast to the "pub­ by the Speaker. the Ukrainian Republic capital, Kiev, Thurs­ lic" face of the Soviet Union. The Soviet (2) For the purpose of carrying out this day. They include Ivan Svitlychny, a former bear is still vicious and self-possessing. resolution, the committee, or any subcom­ literary critic who has been particularly ac­ It has never granted self-determination mit tee thereof, is authorized to sit and act tive in the nationalist movement. to any of its "colonies." during the present Congress at such times The sources said the arrests were preceded I w·ge the Members of this House to and such places within the United States, by a series of raids by Soviet secret police take stock of the world situation and whether the House is sitting, has recessed, or on the homes of intellectuals in Kiev and has adjourned, to hold such hearings, and Lvov. recognize the stark realities of life under to require by subpena or otherwise, the at­ Those held are all charged with dissemi­ communism and take the necessary ac­ tendance and testimony of such witness and nation of "deliberately false fabrications de­ tions to call the attention of the world the production of such books, records, corre­ faming the Soviet state." Conviction on the to the atrocities committed by the So­ spondence, memorandums, papers, and docu­ charge carries a maximum three-year sen­ viets and their allies to maintain and ments as it deems necessary. Subpenas may tence. further the cause of Communist world be issued under the signature of the chair­ Despite the round-up of dissidents that domination. man of the committee or any member of the led to the 1966 trials, the Ukraine has con- · It committee designated by him, and may be tinued to be a source of trouble for Moscow. is for this purpose-to call the at­ served by any person designated by such Like the dissidents centered in Moscow, the tention of the world to the atrocities chairman or member; and be it further Ukrainians have their own underground committed by the Communists or their Resolved, That it is the sense of the Con­ newspaper, the Ukrainian Herald, to chron­ agents in their drive for world domina­ gress that a monument be erected in the city icle their battles with the authorities. tion-that I introduced House Resolu­ of Washington, District of Columbia, our Some of them, disturbed by what they con­ tion 27, which would create a select com­ Nation's Capital, as a suitable memorial to sider to be the Russification of the Ukraine, mittee in the House to investigate all all victims of inte::national Communist have called for secession from the Soviet crimes against humanity perpetrated by crimes against humanity. Union-a right technically guaranteed in the Constitution. Communists or under Communist direc­ (From the New York Times, Jan. 15, 1972] tion, and would express the sense of Con­ In the most famous recent case, Valentin SOVIET ARREST OF 11 IN UKRAINE REPORTED FOR Moroy, a teacher, was sentenced in 1970 to gress that a monument be erected as a ANTI-STATE ACTS nine years in prison and :five years in exile suitable memorial to all victims of Com­ Moscow, January 14.-The Soviet secret on a charge of anti-Soviet agitation. munist actions. I would appreciate the police have arrested 11 Ukrainians apparent­ Mr. Chornovn was called as a witness at support of our colleagues for this legis­ lyon suspicion of nationalist activity, reliable that trial, but refused to testify on the lation. sources said today. grounds that it was being held secretly, in I include the text of my bill along with All were held under an article of the violat ion of Soviet law. relevant news clippings : Ukrainian criminal code that prohibits dis­ semination of "deliberately false fabrications H. REs. 27 defaming the Soviet state," the sources said. GENERAL LEAVE Whereas the United States of America has The article carries a maximum sentence of Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ an abiding commitment to the principles of three years' imprisonment. freedom, personal liberty, r.nd human dignity, Four of the persons were arrested Thurs­ mous consent that all Members may and holds it as a fundamental purpose to day in Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, the have 5 days in which to extend their re­ recognize and encourage constructive actions sources said. Among them, they added, was marks on the subject of Ukrainian In­ which foster the growth and development of Ivan Svitlichny, a literary critic. dependence Day. national independence and freedom; and A Ukrainian underground publication, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Whereas the international Communist Ukrainsky Visny (Ukrainian Herald}, says ·the request of the gentleman from movement toward a world empire has from that Mr. Svitlichny is one of several intel­ Pennsylvania? its beginning adopted the means of terror­ lectuals whom the security police have tried ism, assassination, and mass murder as There was no objection. o:fflcial policies to apply their application to discredit. advances the Communist cause of world The sources said that the seven other ar­ domination; and rests were made Wednesday in Lvov, the main THE RICH GET RICHER Whereas there is considerable evidence that city in the western Ukraine and generally Communists in the Soviet Union and in considered one of the strongest centers of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a ot her countries have deliberately caused the Ukrainian nationalism. previous order of the House, the gentle- January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1825 man from Wisconsin

PERCENTAGE SHARE OF AGGREGATE INCOME IN 1947, 1950, AND 1959 TO 1971, RECEIVED BY EACH~ OF FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS, RANKED BY INCOME, BY RACE OF HEAD

Income rank 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1950 1947

Families total (percent) ___ ,; 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 Lowest~------5. 5 5. 5 5.6 5. 7 5.4 5.5 5.3 5. 2 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.5 5. 0 11.9 12.0 12.3 12.4 12. 2 12.4 12.1 12.0 12. 0 12. 0 11.7 12.0 12.1 12.0 11.8 Second ~------17.7 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.4 17.6 17.7 17.4 17.0 Third ~L------17.4 17.4 17.6 17.7 17.5 17.7 23. 7 23.5 23.5 23.7 23.7 23. 7 23.7 24. 0 23.9 23.7 23.6 23.6 23. 7 23.5 23. 1 Fourth ~------40.7 41.3 41. 1 41.4 41.7 42.6 42.0 41.4 42. 6 43.0 Highest ~------41.6 41.6 41.0 40.6 41.2 Top 5 percenL------(I) 14.4 14.0 14.0 15.3 14. 8 15.8 15.7 16.0 16.3 17.1 16.8 16.3 17. 0 17.2

l See text below. And for the real shocker, let us look at between rich and other Americans grew dent will shortly ask Congress to extend the during Mr. Nixon's first administration. controls program beyond April 30. the percentage share of the richest 5 per­ "But wait," adds Mr. Reuss, member of "Since August, 1971," says the Department cent of American families over the years. the House Committee on Banking and Cur­ of Commerce, "real spendable_ earnings for In 1947, these few families were receiv­ rency and of the Joint Economic Committee the average worker and his family have risen ing 17.2 percent of total income. By 1968, of Congress. "Mr. Nixon's Robin Hood in at an annual rate of 4.3 percent." The aver­ the figure had shrunk to 14.0 percent. reverse . . . appears in most striking form age American, in other words, now is beating But the first 2 Nixon years-1969 and when you look at the share enjoyed by the inflation. 1970-reversed this trend: the share of richest 5 percent of American families." Nixon officials and Mr. Reuss appear to be the top 5 percent grew to 14.4 percent. This top 5 percent, he notes, enjoyed 17 looking at two sides of the same coin. The percent of total U.S. income in 1950, but average American is earning more, but his Then, in 1971, instead of a percentage slipped to 14 percent between 1950 and 1968. income is not rising as quickly as that of the the Census Bureau reports a footnote, Under Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, top 5 percent of money earners. excusing the absence of information as Kennedy and Johnson, in other words, "the Both sides agree that dark spots exist in follows: poor, and particularly the fellow in the this picture of general, though mixed, af­ The percentage shares of aggregate income middle, greatly improved their position" vis­ fluence, notably thai; 16 percent of all teen­ for the top 5 percent of families for income a.-vis the rich. agers and 9.6 percent of blacks cannot get year 1971 and also for other years are being This trend reversed itself as soon as work. computed using revised procedures. Because President Nixon took office. By ~970 the share The Department of Labor urges Congress of their income level for this fra.ct~le falling of the top 5 percent of earners was up -to 14.4 to consider adoption of a wage differential for into broader income intervals than those percent. American youth, allowing young people to be previously utilized, use of earlier techniques "And for 1971," declares Mr. Reuss, "we hired at less than the adult minimum wage. would result in inconsistent and erroneous find .the Census Bureau reporting not a figure An increase in the federal minimum wage estimates, primarily because of interpolation but a gobbledygook-full footnote, stating without a youth differential, says Michael H. errors. Revised data will be included in in­ that the Census Bureau hopes to have this Moskow, Assistant Secretary of Labor for come reports to be published in 1973. For figure in a year or so. Policy, Evaluation, and Research, "might more detailed explanation of this problem, "However," adds the Wisconsin lawmaker, price some young people right out of the see page 12 of the text. "a Census Bureau official, who preferred not market." to be named, informed us that the true figure ADULT OVER YOUTH? However, a Census Bureau official in­ would show the top 5 percent with a stagger­ An employer offering a minimum wage job formed me that if calculated according ing 16.2 percent of the total, a 15 percent gain tends to give it to an adult worker rather to previous procedures, the 1971 figure for them since 1968.'' than to an inexperienced youth. If he could would have shown a jump to 16.2 per­ Mr. Reuss is a highly respected expert on hire the teen-ager for less money, the em­ cent-the largest increase for this group economic affairs, a man not given to hyper­ ployer might choose the youngster. in 25 years. It is a curious coincidence bole. He is also one of many prominent Cumulatively, this might put thousands of Democratic lawmakers in both houses dis­ teenagers to work, reducing their soaring that the Census Bureau should be over­ turbed by what they regard as the tilt of Mr. unemployment rate. come by statistical scruples at the very Nixon's administration toward the affiuent. Representative Reuss has just introduced a point where the direct income shifting "jobs now" bill aimed at crea.ting.J>OO,OOO fed­ effect of the last 3 years-heightened INCOME GAP WIDENED erally financed public service jobs, designed unemployment and increased tax breaks In his early White House years the Presi­ particularly to absorb the hard-core unem­ for well-to-do tax avoiders-would have dent gave tax breaks to business, in an effort ployed. been shown most clearly. to stimulate the U.S. economy. This worked, Object of the Reuss bill, cosponsored by 79 but a side effect, according to Census Bureau Democrats and Republicans, is to provide The text of a January 11, 1973, article figures, was to widen the income gap between jobs-in recreation, child care, health care, by Harry B. Ellis in the Christian Science top and bottom. antipollution, and other fields-at state and Monitor on the subject of income shares White House spokesmen stress that, after local levels. follows: years of stagnation, real take-home earnings A White House goal in 1973 is to cut REuss FINDs WIDENING OF RICH-POOR GAP of American workers-after the deduction of nationwide unemployment, currently 5.2 per­ t~xes and inflation-have risen during the The old adage that the rich get richer and cent of the labor force, below 5 percent. The Nixon years. Democratic leadership of House and Senate the poor get poorer was never truer than This also is true. Between 1964 and 1970, right now, according to Rep. HenryS. Reuss believes the target should be lower. according to the Department of Commerce, Both agree that, whatever happens to the (D) of Wisconsin. real spendable income scarcely rose at all, Latest census figures, he says, show that white adult employment level, special steps when corrected for the cost of living rise and must be taken to help disadvantaged Amer­ President Nixon's administration is helping taxes. the 20 percent of top-income Americans in­ icans, handicapped by age, education, pov­ Real income actually declined in the 1970 erty, or color. crease their share of national wealth "at period, when a business slowdown coincided the expense of the rest of society." with inflation increases close to 6 percent. In 1968 the highest one-fifth of the popu­ Put another way, low- and middle-income lation enjoyed 40.6 percent of the nation's people may have been narrowing the gap CONCERN ABOUT ABILITY OF CON­ income. In 1970, according to Census Bureau slightly between themselves and the rich, but GRESS TO EFFECTIVELY ASSERT figures quoted by Mr. Reuss, this share had they were not gaining in real income. PRIORITIES ESTABLISHED BY grown to 41.6 percent. Then, on Aug. 15, 1971, Mr. Nixon in­ PEOPLE OF THIS NATION This meant that Americans on lower rungs troduced his new economic pollcy, character­ of the income ladder were dividing smaller ized by a 90-day wage-and-price freeze, fol­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a Shares of the pie-that the income gap lowed by still-existing controls. The Presi- previous order of the House, the gentle- 1826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 23, 1973 man from Arkansas

Mr. Speaker, the Kansas City Times generous mind, that is, a ·mind warm and zone, Mr. Truman was ~oving to rehabilitate is a paper which is the morning edition welcoming in its reception of other people's the smashed land. He firmly rejected the ideas. Not in any sense self-deprecating, his Morgenthau plan of a past oral Germany. of the Kansas City Star, both of which approach was sturdy and self-confident, but Later, he stood up to the Russian challenge are owned by the Star Co. Thus there without any trace of pretentiousness. He held and provided a classic example of the use of is really only one paper in Kansas City, his own ideas in abeyance until he had power with restraint in the Berlin airlift . Mo., with both a morning and an evening heard. . • . The ideas of others, alert and He used the best American resource-air­ edition. Most of us in the metropolttan eager to gain additional knowledge and new power-and avoided the ground action that area believe it is a good paper. It has insights. He was not afraid of the competi­ could have led to general combat. achieved nationwide recognition as a tion of others' ideas; he welcomed it". At the same time the Truman adminis­ great paper. This is a picture, not of a man who thought tration was pushing the Point Four program This is the paper whose reporters cov­ he was born to rule, as did Churchill, nor of of technical assistance that became a model a tyrant in the Stalin mold, who sought for the best kind of aid to underdeveloped ered Mr. Truman when he was a mem­ power as naturally as other men breathed. countries. And as Europe emerged from the ber of the Jackson County Court. This It is, instead. the description of a quick, ruins, Truman and his advisers restored na­ paper has maintained a Washington intelligent and compassionate man who .knew tional pride with the formation of the North bureau during all the years when Mr. the gravity of his responsibility and who Atlantic Treaty Organization. The modern Truman was in the Senate and in the wanted to do the right thing. And who knew state of Israel was born under his auspices. Presidency. The Star has long main­ that whatever had to be done, it was Harry The prompt recognition of the new nation tained a bureau in Independence, Mo., Truman who would have to do it. by the United States helped make an ancient and covered Mr. Truman's years in his The United States, surely, and the world dream become reality. were fortunate that such a man was ready Mr. Truman said more than once that home city after he left the White House. to step on the global stage at just such a his most difficult decision was to order Amer­ It is for the foregoing reasons that the juncture in history. The American processes ican arms against the Communist North editorial in the Kansas City Times of or politics and government seem to have an Korean aggression in South Korea in 1950. December 27, 1972, should and must be uncanny way of producing a Jackson, a Lin­ Out of that period came the firing of Gen. made a part of the permanent record coln or a Truman when such an individual Douglas MacArthur, a genuine American folk of the life of Mr. Truman. is needed. The consequences of a weak presi­ hero. Mr. Truman did it because the general The following editorial sets the theme dency in 1945--1953, or of a blustering, ag­ was defying the elected authority of the gressive individual would have made for a American people. Mr. Truman was right on for several others written throughout very different world today. In the perspective this issue and most of the American people Missouri as well as throughout the Na­ of less than three decades, Harry Truman sensed it. tion when it points out that this sup­ seems to have been the right man for the His action in Korea might be seen in con­ posedly common man from Independ­ right time. trast to the timidity of the Allies when Hitler ence became a most uncommon leader That time, now receding past the terms of was marching into the Rhineland and usher­ of the world. four subsequent Presidents, was a period un­ ing in the age of Munich. His caution in While the editorial speaks for itself, paralleled in the history o.f the United States restraining MacArthur and his refusal to put it closes on the note that while Mr. or any other nation. The fall of Nazi Ger­ ground troops on the road to Berlin can be many and expansionist Japan had left a compared to the unhappy involvement of Truman seemed to be an ordinary man, vacuum into which the old Russian imperial­ mo.re than a half-million American troops in the best sense of the phrase, because ism with an even more dangerous face of in Southeast Asia. he was without vanity or pretention, his international communism was rushing. The The 1948 election, o! course, was not only qualities of intellect and character made United States, with its nuclear monopoly, one of the great chapters in American poli­ him a most unusual man. The editorial industrial power, and limited conventional tics, but pure Harry S Truman as well. No­ follows: forces, was the only challenger. body, outside the Truman family, gave him [From the Kansas City (Mo.) Times, HIS DELI.CATE DECISIONS the slightest chance. Dec. 27, 1972] The decisions in those days of Harry Tru­ With the defection of the Dixiecrats, led by Strom Thurmond, and the Progressives, HAtmY TRUMAN, MISSOURIAN AND PRESIDENT man's presidency were delicate in the ex­ treme. All the old rules were off. Europe was led by Henry A. Wallace (Truman had had to Harry S Truman was the supposedly com­ a ruin of bomb craters and dead cities. Asia fire him, too) , ignominious defeat seemed mon man from Independence who became a was a ferment of confusion in the wake of certain. But Truman was drawing the crowds most unconimon leader of the world. the Japanese defeat. There were no blue­ on his whistle-stop campaign. He denounced The long-range successes and failures of prints to guide a future in the midst of the the "Do-Nothing BOth Republican Congress" the Truman years cannot be finally assessed, convulsions that ended World War n and the with splendid contempt and great effect. And for the era has not played out its theme. But beginning of the nuclear age. when the nation woke up after the election, Harry Truman, the man and President, can Mr. Truman acted with caution and de­ Harry Truman had 303 electoral votes; be gauged. He lived among us in our own liberate decision. From the very beginning he Thomas Dewey had 189 and Strom Thurmond time: More than that, he was one of us; was steadfastly loyal to the ideal of the had 38. Wallace got none. Only Truman and an apparently ordinary sort of person with United Nations. His support in this area was his family were truly unsurprised, although a the farm background and upbringing that crucial, both in giving the organization an great many Democrats had begun to hedge as were much the same as for millions of Mid­ early status and in placing lt at the center they watched the crowds swelL dle Westerners. of American foreign policy. He tried to head THE PO~CAL LEGACY Yet when events took him to the Ameri­ off an atomi~ arms race-and failed-but he The 1948 election also was a Truman legacy. can presidency at a crucial turning point in tried, and that will always be to the credit of the history of the world, the ordinary man Even in this day of the most scientific polls became an extraordinarily strong and de­ the United States and Harry Truman. At a and the fanciest electronic computation on cisive leader. He acted with what must have time when the U.S. was the sole possessor of election night, something in the back of the been an innate wisdom and ablllty to clarify the bomb, this country did not and would not American political mind always says: "Re­ issues based on a lifetime of self-education coerce the rest of the world with the ultimate member 1948". and reading in history. Whether Harry Tru­ threat. Other nations might not have been The association of Mr. Truman in the 1920s man would have been on anybody's list in so generous. and 1930s with the Pendergast machine of 1943 as a potential occupant of the White Very quickly Harry Truman perceived that Jackson County is a !act of history although House is doubtful; the fact is, however, that the Stalinist government of the Soviet Union it can be seen now in the perspective of the in 1945-with almost no tutoring from his based its policy on diplomatic duplicity and rough politics of those days. Mr. Truman, of predecessor-Harry Truman was in the White coercion. Out of this observation came the course, would not apologize for that associa­ House and facing decisions as momentous as Truman Doctrine-the response to Russian tion and would resent excuses offered by any ever thrust on a man. intimidation 1n the region of Greece and others. His loyalty to Pendergast long after He rose to the challenges prayerfully but Turkey. He proclaimed a policy of aid to all he had any necessity to depend on him po­ with not a quaking humility. There was a free people who would resist aggression or litically was a measure of the Truman al­ degree of self-assurance that carried no hint absorption. legiance to friends. of arrogance. He became President when The best example of a positive and creative H that fidelity sometimes was misplaced in Hitler's cruel reign was dissolving in Europe foreign policy was the Marshall Plan that trust of weaker men, it nevertheless was a and the Empire of Japan was under siege. rebuilt postwar Europe. It was called the Truman tra.it. He was intensely loyal, not Within weeks he would be sitting at a con­ Marshall Plan because Mr. Truman's hero, only to the people who had helped him in ference table with Winston Churchill and George C. Marshall, was the secretary of state the early days of politics but to the associates Josef Stalin. Within months he would make when it was implemented. It might more of a lifetime. The men of Battery D, 129th the .fateful decision to drop the first and accurately have been called the Truman­ Field Artillery, 35th Division, who served only atomic bombs used in wa.r. Clifford-Acheson plan after the President and with Captain Harry in World War I, were spe­ A GENEROUS l!.IYND his lieutenants, Clark Clifford, and Dean cial favorites. Dean Acheson many years later, wrote of Acheson. Before that, while the Russians Truman was a combat soldier; he saw men his chief as having a "truly hospitable and were dismantling German industry in their die under his command. He had been to January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1829 Europe before he met Staltn and Churchill at right-for he had the rarest of gifts-the Mr. Speaker, as I mentioned earlier, Potsdam, although neither of those two ab111ty to know exactly what he had to do the Kansas City Star for many years has might have appreciated it. No scandal that and the courage~ do it. maintained an Independence, Mo. bureau came out or the years or ma~hlne rule for its paper. While James W. Porter, touched him. He was, 1n fact, a progressive The editorial follows: and far-seeing judge of the Jackson County (From the St. Louis (Mo.) Globe-Democrat, commonly known as "Bud," was the head Court who paved roads and planned parks. Dec. 27, 1972) of that bureau, another native son of International issues were in the forefront HARRY S TRuMAN-A Goon PREsmEN'l Independence-Fred Schulenberg-also of the Truman years but he left a mark oa The perspective of time has made it clear worked in the Independence office of the the domestic scene. His Fair Deal laid the that Harry S Truman was an a.ble President. Kansas City Star. Like most native sons groundwork for Medicare and possibly for This was not readily apparent when he left of Independence, he knew Mr. Truman a national health insurance. He put through office. His opponents at that time dwelled on well and even intimately. His story writ­ the rudiments of federal aid to education some of Mr. Truman's unsuccessful domestic ten for the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, and equal employment opportunity. Federal programs and h1s involvement with such "Truman Always Could Be Counted on housing was a germ or his administration. cronies as poker-playing friend Gen. Harry The armed forces were unified in his days of Vaughan. for a Story,'' underscores a fact that had power and racial segregation in the mllitary But when his record in the White House never before been given prop~r perspec­ came to an end. was dispassionately examined, in the years tive and that is that whilP. Mr. Truman He could bear grudges. People accustomed that followed, it became apparent the farm may not have been much of a cheerleader to the suavity of a Roosevelt sometimes boy from Missouri had Indeed risen to the for the printed media because he some­ found Truman's style not easy to take. He heights of White House competence. times felt that it was not completely fair was a fierce partisan whose opinions were He had been President only a short time expressed in a way to leave no doubt !n the and impartial, he nonetheless had great when he had to make the awesome decision respect for what we could call the work­ mind of listeners. He was a fond father and to proceed with the atom bomb over the ob­ husband, a President out of the mold that jections of the nation's top nuclear scientist, ing press. He recognized that these men began to change the spirit of the presidency and then a few months later to Issue the or­ had no voice or control of editorial policy with Andrew Jackson. Truman was a Middle ders to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and and were only trying to do their best job Westerner with Southern overtone, a prod­ Nagasaki. as reporters. uct of the American mov-ement westward After making these decisions, Truman said The story told by Fred Schulenberg in across the continent. But :to polttlclan who he lost no sleep because he was certain the the St. Louis Globe-Democrat about the played Chopin on the plano could be classi­ bombings would end the war and make the famous Harpie Club was until this publi­ fied as a routine pollticlan. invasion of Japan unnecessary, thereby sav­ HOME TO INDEPENDENCE cation almost unknown except to the Ing at least 250,000 American lives. closest friends of Mr. Truman. In my In 1953 when he left the White House In 1949 he was instrumental 1n forming the he returned easlly to his home in Inde­ North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the judgment, Fred has not only made a con­ pendence. Churchill once wrote of the pain mllitary alliance that prevented an aggres­ tribution to Truman memorabilia but a statesman feels when the mantle of power sive, expansionist Soviet Union from moving also added another interesting sidelight suddenly drops; when one whose favor meant against the West. to the life of Mr. Truman when he tells everything one day meant nothing the next. He will be remembered, too, for the mas­ of the time the President was able to Harry Truman apparently felt no such sive economic aid that rescued a war-weary evade the Washington press corps to visit twinges. He returned home as naturally as Europe and spared a threatened Greece from Communist takeover. his mother. Fred also does a good job as the day he left it. He busied himself with Mr. the magnlficent Truman Library (which he In 1950 Mr. Truman again had an historic he describes Truman's personal en­ saw as a memorial to the presidency, not decision to make when North Korea invaded thusiasm for the Truman Library at In­ to himself) and sometimes would answer South Korea. He unfiinchlngly sent Amer­ dependence, Mo. The editorial follows: the phone there at 7:30a.m. bef?re the staft' Ican troops to Korea, saving not only Korea [From the St. Louis (Mo.) Globe-Democrat, had arrived. He .dropped gracefully from the but the fledgling United Nations. Dec. 27, 1972) These are only some of the decisions that pinnacle of power to the pleasant life around TRUMAN " ALWAYS COULD BE COUNTED ON FOR the square in Independence, writing, speak­ will give Mr. Truman high marks in his­ tory. But, to those who knew him, the thing A STORY" ing, traveling, while he could, and enjoying (By Fred Schulenberg) the family. they liked best about Harry Truman was his In the last analysis, Harry Truman did rare abllity to "give 'em hell." They like it (For almost 12 years the author, now edit­ seem to be an ordinary man in the best sense because they saw the plain-spoken Missou­ Ing a magazine 1n St. Louis, was night man­ of the phrase: Without vanity, pretension rian as a wry, fiinty champion of the under­ ager of the Independence bureau of the Kan­ or vainglorious ambition. But his qualities dog. sas City Star. The period covered a portion of of intellent and character were most unusual. Their eyes popped and their ears tingled the time Mr. Truman was President and the He was a man who suddenly found himself as Harry tore into "the Wall Street gluttons years from 1953, when his second term ex­ in the mainstream of human events and of privilege" who were trying to "stick a pired, to Aprll1957, when the author changed whose special gift was to act decisively and pitchfork in the farmer's back." And they jobs and moved here. These are the author's with courage to change the course of history. laughed sympathetically when the President recollections of some of his contacts with the fiew Into a rage because a music critic wrote former president.) Mr. Speaker, the State of Missouri that Margaret Truman's voice was fiat. President Harry S. Truman was a man re­ boasts two metropolitan areas-one in Mr. Truman called the review "lousy" and porters liked to cover-not so much because the heartland of America on the western added, "I'Ve never met you, but if I do he was easy to cover, which he wasn't, but edge of the State, being Kansas City, you11 need a new nose and plenty of beef­ because he always could be counted on for a steak and perhaps a supporter below." story. Although he held newspaper manage­ Mo., and the other the great metro­ Perhaps this fascination with the im­ ment 1n contempt during much of his time 1n politan area on the east side of the State mensely human and likeable President public life, he had a warm regard for the at the confluence of the Mississippi and tended to obscure some of his other accom­ working newspaperman. · Missouri Rivers, being St. Louis, Mo. St. plishments. It isn't well known, for exam­ My recollections are of President Truman Louis has long enjoyed the benefits of ple, that he campaigned hard for civll rights at Independence. Many of the most vivid two great metropolitan papers, the St. and asked for laws against racial discrlmlna­ stem from the firm belief that 1n his home Louis Globe-Democrat and the St. Louis tion in voting and employment, and other town he was entitled to privacy. If he had Post-Dispatch. At this point, Mr. Speak­ legislation to stop lynchings. difficulties in Washington with newsmen­ But he was ahead of his time and southern and a certain music critic-he also had a few er, I offer for inclusion in the RECORD an Democrats blocked most of the reforms that in Independence, some of which have never editorial from the St. Louis Globe­ were later enacted by Congress. been reported. Democrat entitled "Harry S Truman­ When the chips were down Mr. Truman The former President never quite got used A Good President." For my part, I ap­ could be counted upon to do what was right. to the tight security imposed on him by the preciate so very much the opening sen­ Even though he had fought enactment importance of his office. It was the veil which tence which points out that the perspec­ of the Taft-Hartley Act, he didn't hesitate reporters sought to penetrate and, for many, tive of time has made it clear that Harry to use its authority when the nation's wel­ Independence seemed a good place to do it. fare was threatened by several national The Truman temper probably was most S Truman was an able President. In my strikes. sharply displayed on a cold December morn­ judgment, history will say that he was The people of Missouri and the nation Ing during his annual Christmas visit home a great President. I relish, particularly, mourn the death of Harry S. Truman, who while he was President. the comment in the editorial which says not only became a good President but a be­ An Independence newsman from the Kan­ that- loved champion of his fellow man. sas City Star, James W. Porter, was subjected For he had the rarest of gifts--the ability to one of the most caustic dressing downs a When the chips were down Mr. Truman to know exactly what he had to do and the reporter could have received. The pity was could be counted upon to do what was courage to do it. that Porter was not responsible for the re- CXIX--116-Part 2 1830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 23, 1973 porting incident which triggered the that Mr. Truman rose from a lowly capabilities of the Communists were not fully criticitm. farmboy to the Presidency and met on understood. A generation has passad since As was his custom, Mr. Truman took his equal footing with the other great and the Truman years and some of the problems early morning walk from his home to the the Missourian faced have not yet been Independence square six blocks away, fol­ powerful men of the world. solved: Germany remains divided, Korea is lowed by an entourage of Secret Service men, The concluding paragraph of this edi­ divided, the U.S. is engaged in paracolonial­ local newsmen and members of the Wash­ torial contains some well-expressed ism in Vietnam. One can well afford to look ington press corps, and Independence thoughts when it points out that Mr. , back with a measure of charity. citizens. Truman was a man of the people, earthy, Mr. Truman was overwhelmingly a man of He stopped, as he frequently did, at the honest, with a mixture of pride and hu­ the people-earthy, gregarious, stubborn, grocery store owned by the late Roger T. mility. It concludes with the comment courageous, honest, a mixture of pride and Sermon, mayor of Independence. Only Mr. that he gave each day's responsibilities humility. He had small preparation for high Truman and Secret Service men entered the office, but he gave the day's responsibilities store, but one of the agents soon came out the best he had and slept at night in the best he had and slept at night in the and told Porter that "the chief" wanted to the comfort of knowing that no man can comfort of knowing that no man can do see him. do more. The editorial follows: more. He was not only a native of this State, What happened in the store, which the [From the St. Louis (Mo.) Post-Dispatch, in many ways he was typical of its citizenry. Star did not print, was that the President Dec. 26, 1972] We can be thankful that Mr. Truman walked proceeded to tell Porter everything Mr. Tru­ THE PRESIDENT FROM MISSOURI among us. man had done since he got up before 6 a.m. According to Porter, who filed a complete Harry Truman's place in history may The SPEAKER. Is there objection to report of the incident with his paper, Mr. safely be left to historians who will in time the request of the gentleman from Mis­ evaluate the Truman Doctrine, the contain­ souri? Truman spared no details, even reciting par­ ment of Communism and the Cold War with­ ticulars on his morning preparations and in the context of this turbulent century. There was no objection. dressing techniques. For Missourians he will remain their first Then, Porter said, the President specifi­ President, a decent man of modest attain­ cally critized him and the Star for the "in­ ments thrust suddenly upon the world stage, VOLUNTARY Mil.JITARY SPECIAL vasion of his privacy," on the previous night, possessed of the frailties and the nobility of PAY ACTOF1973 when it had been reported that the Presi­ anyone's next door neighbor. The SPEAKER. Under a previous or­ dent had played poker with friends. Mr. Truman had character, and it saw I have to assume part of the blame for the him through many a. crisis in his official der of the House, the gentleman from incident, because it was I who had been the Florida

lar resolution in the Senate last week by Committee jurisdictions of the United States of the country, a second step is also ~­ the gentleman from Minnesota, Mr. House of Representatives, taking into ac­ sential. That second step is to provide count the need to reduce fragmentation of HUMPHREY, calling on the Joint Commit­ policy and program oversight, the necessity th~t additional areas of potential wilder­ tee on Congressional Operations to study for aligning Committee jurisdiction on the ness value will receive careful study and Senate committee jurisdictions. functional purposes of governmental pro­ consideration. After all, Mr. Speaker, we created the grams, and the requirement that sta1f per­ On January 18, 1973, I introduced H.R. Joint Committee on Congressional Oper­ sonnel and resources be e1fectively and ef­ 2420, a bill which embodies this next ations with the 1970 Reorganization Act ficiently allocated among Committees of Con­ step in the wilderness program: the to study the organization and operations gress of the United States. The Joint Com­ "Wilderness Study Act of 1973." of Congress with a view to strengthening mittee on Congressional Operations shall This bill will do three important things. make periodic reports to the House of ~p­ the legislative branch and streamlining resentatives and present final recommenda­ First, it establishes 29 new wilderness its operations; let us let them do just tions to the House by September 1, 1974; and study areas. These are not "instant" wil­ that through this study. It makes much be it further derness areas, but areas which deserve more sense to conduct such a study Resolved, That expenses of the Joint Com­ to be properly studied, with full public through the joint committee since any mittee on Congressional Operations under participation, in order to determine if restructuring of the committee system this concurrent resolution shall be paid from they should be designated as wilderness will have to be in concert with Senate ef­ the contingency fund of the House upon by the Congress. The provisions of the If vouchers approved by the Chairman of the forts to do the same. the House and Joint Committee on Congressional Opera­ bill assure that these study areas will Senate do not reorganize their committee tions. receive interim protection until the Con­ systems along parallel lines, they may gress has decided whether they should end up working at cross-purposes under WASHINGTON, D.C., January 2, 1973. be designated as wilderness under the confusing conditions-hardly the mark Hon. JOHN C. CULVER, 1964 Wilderness Act. of a successful reform. House Office Building, Second, this bill deals with the special I am, therefore, introducing this reso­ Washington, D.C. need for extending protection to one area lution in the hope that it will help to DEAR JoHN: Thank you for your letter of in eastern Tennessee which merits wil­ stimulate discussion and debate, particu­ December 29 regarding the need to revamp derness protection, and which should our committee system. I am in full agree­ larly in the Rules Committee next week, ment with you that this is a long overdue re­ become wilderness once its natw·al con­ over the best means to approach the form which is necessary if we are to mod­ ditions have been restored. problem and challenge of congressional ernize the Congress and restore it as a co­ Third, this bill provides for a syste­ committee reform. I hope that this will equal branch of government. Our own House matic survey of the Eastern national for­ be considered concw·rently by the Rules Republican Task Force on House Rules rec­ ests in order to inventory additional areas Committee when it takes up the Boiling­ ommended such a revamping in its interim which may merit preservation as wilder­ Martin resolution, and I am today call­ report on October 24, 1972, and its :final set ness. Full public participation is provided ing upon the chairman to consider this of recommendations will be presented to the for, and the results of this inventory are request. House Republican Conference tomorrow. I would certainly support a resolution di­ to be reported to the Congress. At this point in the RECORD, Mr. Speak­ recting that a study be conducted on a -re­ Over the past 15 months, the U.S. For­ er, I include the texts of my resolutions structuring of the Congressional committee est Service has been conducting a "road­ and a copy of my letter to Congressman system. This could be undertaken by the less area inventory" in the Western CULVER dated January 2, 1973: Joint Committee on Congressional Opera­ national forests. The purpose was to H. RES. 153 tions. Another possibility is to reestablish identify all areas which might qualify as the House Rules Special Subcommittee on Resolved, That Rule XI of the House of Legislative Reorganization which was re­ wilderness, and to select those which the Representatives is amended in the following Forest Service will proceed to give inten­ ways: sponsible !or the Legislative Reorganization Act -:>f 1970. I have -already written to Ray sive wilderness study. '(1) Rule_XI, clause 26(f) is amended to Ma.dden urging that this subcommittee be The inventory has been completed and read: "(f) Meetings for the transaction of set up again in the 93rd Congress in view of the Forest Service announced on Janu­ business of each standing committee or sub­ the growing interest in Congressional reform. ary 18, 1973, tentative decisions regard­ committee thereof shall be open to the pub­ Because the work load of the Rules Commit­ lic except when the committee or subcom­ ing which areas shall be given wilderness tee will be light in the early part of the first study. mittee in open session and with a quorum session, we would have the time to hold hear­ present determines by a roll call vote that ings on this matter. This listing of tentative wilderness all or part of the remainder of such meeting Please let me know if I can be of any fur­ study areas resulting from the roadless on that day shall be closed to the public ther assistance on this and keep me posted area inventory program is directly rele­ because disclosure of evidence or other mat­ as to your further efforts. I especially want vant to the legislation I introduced on ters to be considered would endanger na­ to commend you on taking this important January 18. For however good the list tional security or tend to defame, degrade or initiative. incriminate any person." may be, it suffers from monumental lop­ With all best wishes, I am sidedness. The fact is there was no real _ (2) Rule XI, clause 27(f) is amended to Very truly yours, read: "(f) (2) Each hearing conducted by roadless area inventory in the national JOHN B. ANDERSON, each committee or subcommittee thereof Member of Congress. forests of the East, the South and the shall be open to the public except when Midwest-an area of 23 million acres of the committee or subcommittee in open ses­ national forest lands. sion and with a quorum present determines EASTERN WU.DERNESS AREAS ACT No roadless inventory was conducted by a roll call vote that an or part of the on the national forests of the Eastern remainder of such hearing on that day shall The SPEAKER. Under a previous or­ be closed to the publlc because disclosure der of the House, the gentleman from half of the country. No public hearings of testimony, evidence or other matters to Pennsylvania (Mr. SAYLOR) is recognized were held to gather specific input regard­ be considered would endanger the national ing areas which should be given wilder­ security or tend to defame, degrade or in­ for 15 minutes. ness study. Only 3 token Eastern areas criminate any person." Mr. SAYLOR. :rvrr. Speaker, on Janu­ are listed for study as wilderness in the (3) Rule XI, clause (27(g) (3) is amended ary 11, 1973, I introduced H.R. 1881 and announcement by the Forest Service. to read: "(g) (3) Hearings pursuant to sub­ cosponsored a similar bill, H.R. 1758, the Whatever may be said about the quality paragraph ( 1) of this paragraph, or any part Eastern Wilderness Areas Act with my thereof, shall be held in open session, ex­ colleague, Representative JAMES HALEY. of the roadless area inventory process in cept when the committee, in open session These bills will designate 28 new wilder­ the West, we can only say that the wild­ and with a quorum present, determines by a erness potential of eastern national for­ ness areas in the Eastern half of the ests has been totally ignored by the For­ roll call vote that the testimony to be taken United States. Our objective is to bring at the hearing may relate to a matter of est Service. nati'onal security." the benefits of wilderness in the national forests closer to home for the large part This results from the fact that some H. CoN. RES. 91 of our population concentrated in the Forest Service officials believe there is Resolved by the House of Representatives East, the South, and the Midwest. virtually no wilderness in the East. How (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense The proposed Eastern Wilderness could we expect the regional foresters of-the Congress that the Joint Committee on Areas Act is a start toward that objective. in Milwaukee and Atlanta to come up Congressional Operations immediately begin Yet, in a practical and comprehensive with a professional and objective inven­ or commission an in-depth analysis of the program to protect wilderness in this part tory of potential wilderness areas when, 1834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 23, 1973 long before this process began, they of­ to Congress a listing of areas they rec­ wilderness study area in Colorado, as ficially reported to the Chief of the For­ ommend for instant wild areas and proposed by Representative DoNALD est Service that there are absolutely no another listing of their recommendations BROTZMAN, and we established the Lower candidate wilderness areas in the Eastern for study of wild areas. It is worth noting Minam Wilderness Study Area in Oregon, national forests? In September 1971, that these lists were derived without an idea advanced by Representative JoHN those officials submitted a. report in administration clearance, without public DELLENBACK in response to Forest .Service which they responded to increasing sup­ hearings of any kind, without consulting assertions that the area did not qualify as port for citizen-initiated ~roposals for the Committees on Interior and Insular wilderness. It is also what we did with the Eastern wilderness areas by saying "we Affairs, which have jurisdiction over wil­ so-called "DuNoir Area" in Wyoming, as are persistently reminded that there are derness policy, without lawfully required proposed by Senators HANsEN and McGEE simply no suitable remaining candidate environmental impact statements, and and our colleague, Mr. RoNcALio. Indeed, areas for Wilderness classification in even without much real study of the areas the original Wilderness Act established this part of the national forest system." by Forest Service field personnel. It is some 150 wilderness study areas, in effect. This is incorrect. But that has not my understanding that at least one of We are simply proposing in this new bill kept this point of view from permeating the proposed instant wild areas has that Congress now add wilderness study the thinking of some local foresters who had virtually no study at all and was areas in regions of the country over­ report to these officials. The word has hastily suggested, on a few days' notice, looked the first time around, and over­ gone out in the ranks of the Forest Serv­ over the telephone to the Washington looked, too, in the Forest Service road­ ice that the regional brass is flatly op­ Forest Service headquarters. less area inventory. posed to the idea that any areas in the A friend and colleague has obtained The first 25 wilderness study areas in eastern national forests could possibly a. copy of this listing from the Forest section 2 of this bill are the areas listed qualify as wilderness under the 1964 Service. This document is prefaced by the as "study wild areas" by the Forest Serv­ Wilderness Act. So far as these officials fiat assertion that the areas proposed for ice. The remaining 4 areas have been are concerned, it is a settled question. instant wild areas and study wild suggested by citizen groups. Unlike these The September 1971 report flatly con­ areas do not qualify as wilderness. That citizen-proposed study areas, which are cludes that: is a decision this agency has no authority well defined, the 25 Forest Service areas The criteria. for adding wilderness to the to make. Even though the basis for this have no defined acreage. I shall ask the National Wilderness Preservation System do assertion is false, and there has been Forest Service to recommend an appro­ not fit conditions in the South and East. no administration clearance, and no pub­ priate acreage in each case. At the same As I have already pointed out, speak­ lic involvement in these decisions, the time, I want to urge citizen conservation ing as an author of the Wilderness Act, list has still been supplied to unsu.:;pect­ groups in each vicinity to make their own this conclusion is wrong. But be that as ing Members of Congress and the public. surveys of each of these areas and their it may, we should note here that this Neither Senator JACKSON nor I, nor own recommendations at the time of regional office policy of no wilderness in Congressman HALEY, nor anyone else who hearings regarding the appropriate ex­ the East led to the exclusion of most of values the Wilderness Act, are about to tent and general boundaries for each the 23 million acres of Eastern national let this charade succeed. To bring this wilderness study area. Both the Forest forests from any consideration in the matter into the open for the public airing Service and citizen groups may also wish field inventory and public input stages it deserves, we have simply incorporated to recommend additional wilderness of the "roadless area inventory" pro­ the list of instant wild areas into our study areas, in the West as well as the gram. This is the very antithesis of pro­ Eastern Wilderness Areas Act. We shall East, and these proposals will be wel­ fessional decisionmaking, in which all leave it to the Forest Service to explain come. potential Eastern wilderness areas would to us at hearings just why they think Let me note a very important feature have been systematically reviewed, with these areas do not qualify as wilderness, of this new bill. It provides strong and ·real public involvement, in order to de­ and just what kind of professional stud­ effective interim protection for these pro­ termine which areas merit further study. ies and public participation back up posed wilderness study areas. In point of fact, there has been no de­ their decisions in this matter. This bill provides that, upon the es­ As a second step, I am incorporating tablishment of these areas as wilderness pendable, objective wilderness inventory the Forest Service list of proposed study in the East. study areas, they shall be immediately It is the purpose of the bill I introduced wild areas in the new bill I introduced managed to protect wilderness values. on January 18th to correct this glaring on January 18, H.R. 2420. The big dif­ This protective interim management will regional discrimination by directing such ference, of course, is that my bill lists continue in full effect until such time as these as wilderness study areas, not some the Congress determines otherwise. This an inventory for the national forests in lesser category. the regions which were bypassed in the is far stronger and longer lasting protec­ administratively ordered "roadless area In the case of each of these 29 wilder­ tion than offered by the "wild .areas" pro­ ness study areas, the Forest Service will posal. inventory." be ordered to make a regular wilderness In the September 1971 report, as a. This bill provides that, upon establish­ part of an effort to back up their no review of the area, to hold legal public ment of these areas as wilderness study wilderness in the East policy, the regional hearings, and to report their findings to areas, the Federal lands involved shall officials of the Forest Service proposed an the President and the Congress. The be immediately withdrawn from mining alternative, less-than-wilderness mech­ Congress, which has sole authority to and mineral leasing while the study pro­ anism. They planned to call this the judge what is or is not qualified as wild­ ceeds. This is far stronger than the "wild erness, will make the decision as the areas" plan. .. Wildwoods Heritage System" or, alter­ Wilderness Act provides. In this process, natively, they would call such areas This bill provides that, during the ''Forest Heritage Reserves" or "Wild the Forest Service will have its proper study period and until Congress deter­ Areas." Their proposal led to the actual role, but so will the administration, the mines otherwise, these wilderness study public and local conservation leaders, areas will be protected from any project framing of an alternative wild areas sys­ and, as the law clearly requires, so will tem. This effort is entirely constructed which would conflict with wilderness the Congress. If, after thorough study, values. This is a provision adapted from on the faulty premise that the Wilder­ the Congress decides some of these areas ness Act will not work in the East. One the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act which I do not qualify as wilderness, then and sponsored and which gave similar interim regional forester did his best to obtain only then will it be proper to consider the support of West Virginia conserva­ protection to study rivers. Again, there alternatives. is no such interim protection even men­ tionists for the "wild areas" idea, but For the Congress to establish wilder­ tioned in the "wild areas" proposal. they know more about the Wilderness ness study areas is nothing unprece­ If we really mean what we say about Act than he does, and they refused. I dented. We have done just this for most wanting to protect potential wilderness have other reports of local Forest Super­ new national park proposals since 1964, values, then strong interim protection is visors working to promote citizen support so that each new area will be properly essential during the study period and of this "wild areas" scheme. studied under the Wilderness Act. We until the Congress acts. I have written As part of their informal support for have established a number of wilderness such strength Into my bill, and I will the alternative wild areas proposal, study areas, too, in national forests. Just welcome any additional suggestions. In Forest Service officials have submitted last year we established the Indian Peak my view, any legislation worth discussion, Janua1"Y 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1835 which claims to protect wild land &reas, Mr. Speaker, the Eastern Wilderness 1973, which shall be known as the "Mill Areas Act introduced on January 11, Creek Wilderness Study Area"; must meet this standard of truly strong (10) certain lands in the Jefferson Na­ protection. H.R. 1881, and this new bill, H.R. 2420, tional Forest, Virginia, which are generally Finally, this new bill provides for the the Wilderness Study Act, meet an ob­ depicted on a. map entitled "Peters Moun­ establishment of the North Cohutta vious need in our wilderness program. tain Wilderness Study Area" and dated Wilderness Reserve in eastern Tennessee. They meet that need withm the estab­ January 1973, which shall be known as the This is an area of land adjoining the lished, working framework of our exist­ "Peters Mountain Wilderness Study Area"; proposed Cohutta Wilderness which is ing national wilderness policy and pro­ (11) certain lands in the Daniel Boone Na­ included as an instant wilderness in gram. Rather than going off in some en­ tional Forest, Kentucky, which are general­ ly depicted on a map entitled "Yellow Cliff H.R. 1881. This fringe area, however, is tirely new direction, starting from Wilderness St udy Area" and dated Jan­ temporarily disturbed. In order to deal scratch and doing real damage to exist­ uary 1973, which shall be known as the "Yel­ with this situation, in drafting this ing programs, these bills build on the low Cliff Wilderness Study Area"; wilderness reserve concept, I have foundation we laid in the Wilderness Act (12) certain lands in the Croatan .Na­ adapted the proposal for potential of 1964, with the support of many citi­ tional Forest, North Carolina, which are wilde1·ness additions already made 'by zens across this country. generally depicted on a map entitled "Po­ the Nixon administration. This area will In closing, I include the text of the cosin Wilderness Study Area" and dated Jan­ receive immediate wilderness protection, "Wilderness Study Act of 1973," in the uary 1973 which shall be nown as the "Po­ to be managed so that it will recover its RECORD at the conclusion of my remarks cosin Wilderness Study Area"; ( 13) certa.in lands in the Pisgah National dominant natural character through the as follows: Forest, North Carolina, which are general­ processes of natural restoration. When H.R. 2420 ly depicted on a map entitled ''Craggy Moun­ that has occurred, and the area meets Be it enacted by the Senate and House of tain Wilderness Study Area" and dated Janu­ the practical test of the Wilderness Act, Representatives of the United States of ary 1973, which shall be known as the the bill authorizes the President to take America in Congress assembled, That this "Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area"; action that will complete its designation Act may be cited as 'The Wilderness Study (14) certain lands in the Francis Marion as full wilderness and it, too, will become Act of 19'13". National Forest, South Carolina, which are part of the National Wilderness Preser­ SECTION 2. (a) In furtherance of the pur­ generally depicted on a map entitled "Wa.m­ poses of the Wilderness Act (78 Stat. 890; 16 bau Wilderness Study Area" and dated vation System. U.S.C. 1132), the Secretary of Agriculture January 1973, which shall be known as the Mr. Speaker, if we had been studying (hereinafter known as the "Secretary") shall, "Wambau Wilderness Study Area"; the wilderness potential of Shenandoah within five years after the date of enactment (15) certain lands in the Ottawa National National Park just a few decades ago, we of this Act, review certain lands designated Forest, Michigan, which are generally de­ might have found it did not qualify be­ by this Section, as to their suitability or picted on a. map entitled "Sturgeon River cause of obvious human disturbance. But nonsuitability for preservation as wilderness, Wilderness Study Area." and dated January when that park was studied for wilder­ and report his findings to the President as 1973, which shall be known as the ''Sturgeon follows: River Wilderness Study Area"; ness more recently, the finding was that ( 1) certain lands in the Ocala National (16) certain lands in the Hiawatha. Na­ it had recovered from past impacts and Forest, Florida, which are generally depicted tional Forest, Michigan, which are generally now qualified as wilderness. In his pro­ on a map entitled "Alexander Springs depicted on a. map entitled "Rock River Can­ posal that parts of Shenandoah National Wilderness Study Area" and dated January yon Wilderness Study Area" and dated Jan­ Park be designated as wilderness, Presi­ 1973, which shall be known as the "Alex­ uary 1973, which shall be known as the dent Nixon reported to the Congress ander Springs Wilderness Study Area."; "Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area"; that: (2) certain lands in the Kisatchie National (17) certain lands in the Clark National While it is true that generations of moun­ Forest, Louisiana, which are generally de­ Forest, Missouri, which are generally tain people lived off the land in the area now picted on a map entitled "Kisatchie Hills depicted on a. m.ap entitled "Bell Mountain embraced by the park, the evidences of their Wilderness Study Area." and dated January Wilderness Study Area." and dated January occupation are rapidly being erased by nat­ 1973, which shall be known as the "Kisat.,. 1973, which shall be known as the "Bell ural processes and the portions recommended chie Hills Wilderness Study Area"; Mountain Wilderness Study Area.": for wilderness designation have sufficiently (3) certain lands in the Kisatchie Nation­ (18) certain lands in the Nicolet National recovered so that natural conditions pre­ al Forest, Louisiana, which are generally Forest, Wisconsin, which are generally depict­ dominate. depicted on a map entitled "Saline Bayou ed on a map entitled "Whisker Lake Wilder­ The most remarkable and most obvious Wilderness Study Area." and dated January ness Study Area" and dated January 1973, change in the landscape over the past 30 1973, which shall be known as the "Saline which shall be known as the "Whisker Lake years is the growth of vegetation. Before long Bayou WUderness Study Area"; Wilcterness Study Area"; much of this a.rea. will be nearly identical in (4) certain lands in the Davy Crockett Na­ (19) certain lands in the Chequamegon Na­ appearance to that observed by the first tional Forest, Texas, which are generally de­ tional Forest, Wisconsin, which are generally explorers except for the loss, by disease, of picted on a map entitled "Big Slough Wilder­ depicted on a. map entitled "Round Lake the American chestnut. Some associated ani­ ness Study Area" and dated January 1973, Wilderness Study Area" and dated January mal life has also returned including bear, which shall be known as the "Big Slough 1973, which shall be known as the "Round deer, beaver, and wild turkey. Wilderness Study Area"; Lake Wilderness Study Area": (5) certain lands in the Sabine National (20) certain lands In the Chequa.megon Today this fringe area on the bound­ Forest, Texas, which are generally depleted National Forest, Wisconsin, which are gen­ ary of the proposed Cohutta Wilderness on a map entitled "Chambers Ferry Wilder­ erally depicted on a. map entitled "Flynn is much like Shenandoah National Park ness Study Area" and dated January 1973, Lake Wilderness Study Area" and dated Jan­ was just a few decades ago-disturbed by which shall be known as the "Chambers uary 1973, which shall be known as the human impact but very much worth re­ Ferry Wilderness Study Area"; "Flynn Lake Wilderness Study Area.": (6) certain lands in the Ouachita Na­ (21) certain lands in the Shawnee Na­ storing and preserving. In a matter of a tional Forest, Arkansas, which are generally tional Forest, Illinois, which are generally few decades, or perhaps less, this area, depicted on a map entitled "Belle Starr Cave depicted on a. map entitled "LaRue-Pine Hills too, will fully qualify as wilderness. It Wilderness Study Area" and dated January Wilderness Study Area" and dated Janu­ should then become a part of the Na­ 1973, which shall be known as the "Belle ary 1973, which shall be known as the "La­ tional Wilderness Preservation system, to Starr Cave Wilderness Study Area": Rue-Pine H11ls Wilderness Study Area"; be permanently managed a-s "an endur­ (7) certain lands in the Ouachita Na­ (22) certain lands in the Shawnee Na­ ing resource of wilderness." tional Forest, Arkansas, generally depicted tional Forest, Illinlois, which area. generally on a map entitled "Dry Creek Wilderness depicted on a map entitled "Lusk Creek-Wild­ The "wilderness reserve" concept is Study Area" and dated January 1978, which erness Study Area." and dated January 1973, simply a practical means to fulfill this shall be known as the "Dry Creek Wilder­ which shall be known as the "Lusk Creek need. As I mentioned, it is derived di­ ness Study Area" Wilderness Study Area": rectly from a concept the President has (8) certain lands in the Jefferson Na­ (23) certain lands in the Allegheny Na­ already recommended to the Congress tional Forest, Virginia, which are generally tional Forest, Pennsylvania, which are gen­ for similar situations in national park depicted on a map entitled ''Mountain Lake erally depicted on a. map entitled "Hickory wilderness areas. It does no damage to Wilderness Study Area" and dated Jan­ Creek Wilderness Study Area" and dated the integrity of the Wilderness Act. uary 1973, which shall be known as the January 1973, which shall be known _as the "Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area"; "Hickory Creek Wilderness Study Area.": Rather, i't builds into the wilderness pro­ (9) certain lands In the Jefferson Na­ (24) certain lands in the Allegheny Na­ gram an imaginative and future-oriented tional Forest, Virginia, which are generally tional Forest, Pennsylvania, which are gen­ answer to a problem which exists in this depleted on a map entitled ''Mill Creek Wil­ erally depicted on a map entitled "Tracy and, othe1· areas worth savtng. derness Study Area" and dated January Ridge Wilderness Study Area" and dated 1836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE Janua1·y 23, 1973 January 1973, which shall be known as the permit harvesting of timber or public or pri­ (b) The Secretary shall initiate continuing "Tracy Ridge Wilderness Study Area"; vate vehicular use of any existing road, and ecological studies of the "North Cohutta (25) certain lands in the Wayne National shall not construct or permit the construc­ Wilderness Reserve". Within five years fol­ Forest, Ohio, which are generally depicted tion or expansion of any road in said lands. lowing the date of enactment of this Act, on a map entitled "Clear Fork Wilderness The Secretary shall administer said lands in and at each successive five year period there­ Study Area" and dated January 1973, which accordance with the laws, rules, and regula­ after, the Secretary shall report to the Presi­ shall be known as the "Clear Fork Wilderness tions relating to the national forests espe­ dent his findings concerning the status of Study Area"; cially to provide for nonvehicular access rec­ the "North Cohutta Wilderness Reserve", its (26) certain lands in the Nantahala Na­ reation and may construct such facilities natural restoration to wilderness character. tional Forest, North Carolina, which com­ and take such measures as are necessary for The President shall transmit the report to prise about sixteen thousand acres and which the health and safety of visitors and to pro­ the Interior and Insular Affairs Committees are generally depicted on a map entitled tect, promote, and perpetuate the wilderness of the United States Senate and the House "Snowbird Creek Wilderness Study Area" character and resources of said lands. of Representatives and to the public. and dated December 1972, which shall be (e) The President shall advise the United (c) The area established by this section as known as the "Snowbird Creek Wilderness States Senate and House of Representatives the "North Cohutta Wilderness Reserve" shall Study Area"; of his recommendations with respect to the be administered in accordance with thE; pro­ (27) certain lands in the Nantahala Na­ designation as "wilderness" or other reclas­ visions of the Wilderness Act governing areas tional Forest, North Carolina, which com­ sification of each area on which review has designated by that Act as wilderness. prise about nineteen thousand acres and been completed, together with maps and a (d) As soon as practicable after this Act which are generally depicted on a map en­ defin1tion of boundaries, within five years takes effect, the Secretary shall file a map titled "Cheoah Bald Wilderness Study Area" after the enactment of this Act. Each rec­ and a legal description of the "North Cohutta and dated December 1972, which shall be ommendation of the President for designa­ Wilderness Reserve" with the Interior and known as the "Cheoah Bald Wilderness Study tion as "wilderness" shall become effective Insular Affairs Committees of the United Area"; only if so provided by an Act of Congress. States Senate and House of Representatives, (28) certain lands in the Pisgah National (f) The maps referred to in this section and such maps and description shall have the Forest, North Carolina, which comprises shall be on file and available for public in­ same force and effect as if included in this about ten thousand acres and which are gen­ spection in the office of the Chief, Forest Act: Provided, however, That correction of erally depicted on a map entitled "Shining Service, Department of Agriculture. clerical and typographical errors in such legal Rock Addition Wilderness Study Area" and SEc. 3. (a) The Secretary shall, effective description and maps may be made. dated December 1972, which shall be known on the date of enactment of this Act, review SEc. 5. Notwithstanding the provisions of as the "Shilling Rock Addition Wilderness each national forest in the eastern and section 4(d) (2) of the Wilderness Act, and Study Area"; and southeastern regions of the National Forest subject to valid existing rights, federally (29) certain lands in the Apalachicola Na­ System and identify any lands within the owned lands designated in sections 2 and 4 tional Forest, Florida, which comprise about boundary of each such forest which may of this Act and lands hereafter acquired fifteen thousand five hundred acres and offer opportun1ties for the promotion, per­ within the boundaries of such areas are which are generally depicted on a map en­ petuation, and, where necessary, restoration hereby withdrawn from all forms of appro­ titled "Mud Swamp-New River Wilderness of the wilderness character of the lands. In priation under the mining laws and from dis­ Study Area" and dated December 1972, conducting this review, the Secretary shall position under all laws pertaining to mineral which shall be known as the "Mud Swamp­ provide for full and continuing public par­ leasing and all amendments thereto. New River Wilderness Study Area". ticipation, in accordance with the provisions SEc. 6. (a) Nothing in this Act shall dimin­ (b) The Secretary shall, in making his re­ of Section 2 (c) of this Act and hold public ish the existing authority of the Secre­ port, aC'.here to the criteria of wilderness hearings in the vicinity of each such forest tary to acquire by purchase with donated or suitabiUty as set forth in the Wilderness Act, and at least one additional hearing in the appropriated funds, by gift, exchange, con­ and as interpreted and supplemented by major population center or centers of each demnation, or otherwise, such lands, waters, Cone;re"' in subsequent Acts designating State within which the forest is located. or interests therein as he determines neces­ areas as wilderness for addition to the Na­ (b) The Secretary shall report his findings sary or desirable for the 9urposes of this tional Wilderness Preservation System. In to the President, including his findings con­ Act and the Wilderness Ac1 . any case where the Secretary reports that cern1ng any specific proposal for the estab­ (b) In exercising the exchange authority any area, or portion thereof, is not suitable lishment of wilderness areas made to him by granted by subsection (a) of this Section, for preservation as wilderness, he shall also the public, and other opportunities to assure the Secretary may accept title to non-federal report to the President his findings and rec­ that the National Wilderness Preservation property in exchange for federally owned ommendations as to the desirability of es­ System will include diverse and representa­ property located in the same State, of sub­ tablishing such area, or portion thereof, as tive areas of wilderness. The President shall, stantially equal value, or, if not of substan­ a wilderness reserve. within five years from the date of enactment tially equal value, the value shall be equal­ (c) (1) The Secretary shall, prior to sub­ of this Act, transmit the report of the Secre­ ized by the payment of money to the gran­ mitting any recommendations to the Presi­ tary to the Congress and advise the United tor or to the Secretary as the circumstances dent with respect to the suitabiUty of any States Senate and House of Representatives require. area for preservation as wilderness- of his recommendations with respect to the (c) The head of any Federal department (A) give public notice of the proposed ac­ establishment of wilderness areas. Any lands or agency having jurisdiction over any lands tion as appropriate, including publication in recommended as wilderness areas by the Pres­ or interests in lands within the boundaries the Federal Register and in a newspaper hav­ ident shall, upon such recommendation, be of lands designated in sections 2 and 4 of this ing general circulation in the area or areas administered in accordance with the provi­ Act is authorized to transfer to the Secre­ in the vicinity of the affected land; sions of Section 2(d) of this Act until the tary jurisdiction over such lands for ad­ (B) hold a public hearing or hearings at Congress provides for their designation as ministration in accordance with the provi­ a location or looations convenient to the area wilderness. sions of this Act. affected. The hearings shall be announced SEc. 4. (a) In furtherance of the purposes SEc. 7. (a) The Federal Power Commis­ through such means as the Secretary deems of the Wilderness Act, certain lands in the sion shall not license the construction of appropriate, including notices in the Federal Cherokee National Forest, Tennessee, which any dam, water conduit, reservoir, power­ Register and in newspapers of general cir­ comprise about fifteen thousand acres and house, transmission line, or other project culation in the area: Provided, That if the which are generally depicted on a map en­ works under the Federal Power Act ( 41 Stat. lands involved are located in more than one titled "North Cohutta Wilderness Reserve" 1063), as amended (16 U.S.C. 79la et seq.), State, at least one hearing shall be held in and dated January 1973, are hereby desig­ within or directly affecting any lands des­ each State in which a portion of the land nated as the "North Cohutta Wilderness Re­ ignated in sections 2 and 4 of this Act, and lies; serve." The lands within the "North Cohutta no department or agency of the United (C) at least sixty days before the date of Wilderness Reserve" are, effective upon publi­ States shall assit by loan, grant, license, or a hearing advise the Governor of each State cation in the Federal Register of a notice by otherwise in the planning or construction and the governing board of each county, or the President that all uses thereon prohibited of any project that would have a direct and borough, in which the lands are located, and by the Wilderness Act have ceased, hereby adverse effect on the values for which such Federal departments and agencies concerned, designated as wilderness. The term "wilder­ area was established or recommended for and invite such officials and Federal agencies ness reserve" as used in this Act is an area study. to submit their views on the proposed action meriting preservation as wilderness, wherein (b) Nothing in this Act shall constitute an express or implied claim or denial on at the hearing or by no later than thirty days man and his work once dominated the land­ the part of the Federal Government as to ex­ following the date of the hearing. scape and wherein the wilderness character emption from State water laws. (2) Any views submitted to the Secretary of the area m.a.y be so restored by natural (c) Nothing in this Act shall be construed under the provisions of ( 1) of this subsection influences that the area and its community as affecting the jurisditcion or responsibil­ with respect to· any area shall be included of life will generally appear to have been ities of the several States with respect to with any recommendations to the President affected primarily by the forces of nature, wildlife and fish in the national forests. and to Congress with respect to such area. regaining its primitive and natural condi­ SEC. 8. There rae hereby authorized to be (d) The Secretary, in the administration tions, with the imprint of man's work sub­ appropriated such sums as may be necessary of lands designated in this Section shall not stantially unnoticeable. to carrv out the nrovisions of this Act. January 23, 1973 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 1837 FEDERAL FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY become a most significant instrument Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, I am for meaningful congressional reform in today introducing on behalf of myself The SPEAKER. Under a previous order the area of fiscal responsibility. It reaches and 20 other members of the Committee of the House, the gentleman from Mich­ out to t-he pressure points in the aut-hor­ on Banking and Currency, the Urban igan is recognized for 10 min­ ization-appropriation-expenditure cycle Mass Transportation Assistance Act of utes. to develop more effective means of chan­ 1973. This bill is basically the same pro­ Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, today I am re­ neling Federal funds. Surely our ·..:ax­ visions that were embodied in chapter introducing legislation which I hope will payers deserve this. VII of H.R. 16704, the omnibus housing help the Congress reassert its role in as­ The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1973 bill of last session, which was not acted suring Federal fiscal responsibility. In has three titles. Title I moves the Fed­ upon by the House. It is vitally important my original proposal, introduced March eral fiscal year to coincide with the cal­ that the Congress consider and act upon 23 1972 title IV of the bill authorized a endar year. This section will help Federal this bill early if public transportation is st~dy of fiscal procedures by a committee budget planners and Members cf C~n - ­ to survive. composed of leading members of each gress in doing long range comprehensive I need not go into details as to the House Appropriations Committee, the planning for the budget. At the present crisis within which urban mass transpor­ Ways and Means Committee of the time, Members of Congress are forced tation finds itself at this moment. Our House and the Finance Committee of to consider the 1,100-page budget docu­ Nation's mass transit systems are clearly the sei:tate. I am pleased that such a joint ment hurriedly if they want to decide on fast approaching a do or die situation. committee has subsequently been set up the budget before the beginning of a new Dwindling revenues and passengers, and has begun to prepare recommenda­ fiscal year. In recent years this has along with rising costs and fares, have tions. forced Congress to pass a continuing re'5- combined to make the public transit Mr. Speaker, for too long Congress has olution which allows an agency to op­ crisis national in scope. State and local been talking about the need for fiscal erate while Congress finishes its appro­ taxes are supporting transit operations in responsibility without making any move priations process. 142 cities to the extent of more than $400 to meet that need. The Congress has said Title n of the bill requires Congress million annually. it should have the power to control the to establish an annual expenditure limi­ It is apparent that this present contri­ budget. It has claimed it wants the power tation. The Congress would be required bution by overtaxed localities in no way to set national priorities and has talked to establish this limitation 45 days after guarantees a stemming of the tide of a great deal about reordering those the President's annual economic message. financial difficulties besetting transit op­ priorities. It has expressed indignation This would force Congress to consider erations. The self-defeating pattern of over the Executive's use of impoundment our Federal budget in light of limited raising fares to meet increasing costs and formed ad hoc coalition to demand dollars and competing priorities. merely results in less service and more the release of appropriated funds. Con­ Title m of the bill establishes a Fed­ and more transit riders opting for the gress has spent much time explaining eral impoundment procedure. It estab­ private automobile. It is also apparent that the Executive has taken these lishes two types of impoundment. The that there are countless thousands who powers away from legislature. The fact President may impound funds in a de­ do not have the luxury of that choice of the matter is that the Executive exer­ partment or agency on a percentage and are totally dependent or. public tran­ cises control over the budget not in spite across-the-board basis and must notify sit for their mobility. of Congress but entirely at the sufferance Congress immediately of this action. While there is always great reluctance of Congress. If Congress wants authority Either House of Congress then has 60 over the budget, it need simply take it. to subsidize the operations of any pub­ days to disapprove of the impoundm_ent lic service-on a local or Federal level­ I am introducing the Federal Fiscal Re­ to force the President to stop the rm­ sponsibility Act of 1973 so that Congress there is little doubt about the conse­ poundment. quences of delay in facing the decision. might reassert 'its rightful role in this If the President decides to impound most important process. I am hopeful The Congress recognized the possibility funds for a particular program in a de­ of Federal operating subsidies in 1970 that its provisions will be seriously con­ partment or agency without regard to sidered as a vehicle for that purpose. when the Urban Mass Transit Assistance the percentage limitations, he must pre­ Act of 1970 directed the Department of I believe that there are at least four notify the Congress of his intention and major areas of needed reform: First, Transportation to investigate the scope wait 60 days before proceeding with this of the problem and to make appropriate Congress must institute a total limita­ special impoundment. Congress has the tion framework on spending. Each Mem­ recommendations on how it might best opportunity within that time to disap­ be solved. ber of Congress has his own set of prior­ prove of that impoundment. ities but generally they total up to more The Department reported to the Con­ The impoundment portion of the bill gress in November 1971 that the prob­ tha~ the available revenues. By setting also includes a special section aimed at an annual spending limitation, Congress lem was indeed "scvere"-but more im­ Federal officials who are unreasonably portantly the subjects of that study­ would finally face up to the limitation in slow in disbursing funds to State and available dollars. the many locally subsidized transit op­ local units of government or to private erations in our largest cities-have Second, there has been a lack of pre­ contractors. If extra costs are incurred dictability in funding. The legislature testified before this committee on how by the recipient of Federal funds because such a program might work, how much has failed to pass appropriation bills of a delay of 60 days or more, the Federal on time and thus the agencies and de­ it would cost, and what the prospect is Government becomes liable for those if such a program is not initiated now. partments have been forced to function extra costs. on a costly and ineffective day-to-day It is to this prospect that this bill is basis. In the next few weeks, I am hopeful addressed. Third, the Federal bureaucracy has that many of my colleagues will join me The specter of the 50-cent transit fare often been slow in paying its own bills in supporting a reassertion of the inte­ is all too real in many of the Nation's to local and private contractors, caus­ gral role which the Congress should play larger cities, and the timetable for ing undue hardships and costs for the in assuring Federal fiscal responsibility. achieving it in other cities is all too individual citizen. The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1973 predictable. Statistics have shown that Finally, the legislative branch has offers some positive solutions to problems as fares rise beyond the 35-cent level, never asserted its rightful role in deter­ in our budgeting system and I am hope­ a greater percentage drop in ridership mining that once funds were authorized ful that my proposals will receive results, leading to the situation where a and appropriated they should be spent. thoughtful consideration this year. fare increase actually produces a net loss Ove':" time, the executive branch has de­ in revenue. Many transit operations are veloped indiscri.r.Iinate power to impound at the point where retrieving such riders funds for specific programs and thus to URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION will be difficult and expensive, if not im­ subvert the intent of the Congress. The ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1973 possible. bill I am introducing today moves to­ The SPEAKER. Under a previous order We in the Congress accept the goal ward the correction of these deficiencies. of the House, the Gentleman from Rhode of substantially increasing transit rider­ It is not a bill which will attract dra­ Island this Nation's cities. The fact that a sin­ tional $3 billion. This was requested by Mr. PRicE of Texas in four instances. gle transit vehicle can represent between the administration in September of last Mr. HANRAHAN in three instances. 30 and 60 individual automobiles com­ year when Secretary Volpe appeared be­ Mr. BELL in two instances. - muting to work illustrates the point. If fore the Senate Banking Committee. Mr. KEATING in three instances. more and more cars are not merely to Since it is important for communities to Mr. SHRIVER in two instances. justify more and more highways, with be able to know ahead of time the Mr. SARASIN. the attendant problems of pollution and amount of capital grant funds that will Mr. NELSEN. congestion, ecological destruction, high­ be available, it is important that these Mr. BAKER. er relocation costs, and unwise land use, additional funds be made available im­ Mr. YoUNG of Florida in five instances. mass transit will have to become a viable mediately. These are the three major Mr. DUNcAN. commutation alternative. It is not so proposals contained in my bill and I Mr. RAILSBACK in four instances. now and it will be less so in the near would certainly hope that the Commit­ Mr. ESHLEMAN. future without strong public action. tee on Banking and Currency would con­ Mr. MIZELL in four instances. I note with interest and alarm the sider this bill as a matter of urgent Mr. CoLLINS in five instances. statement of the Administrator of the priority. Mr. WYMAN in two instances. Environmental Protection Agency who, Mr. DoN H. CLAUSEN in three instances. in announcing new Federal air pollution Mr. HUNT. standards, stated that in order for many GENERAL LEAVE physically handicapped be­ Mr. PREYER, Mr. WoLFF, Mr. GINN, tee on Government Onerations. cause of such handicap; to the Committee on Mr. VEYSEY, Mr. DoWNING, Mr. MI­ By Mr. FRASER (for himself and Mr. Education and Labor. ZELL, Mr. HENDERSON, Mr. KEMP, Mr. MELcHER): By Mr. HILLIS (for himself, Mr. Mc­ SATTERFIELD, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. H.R. 2673. A blll to amend title 38 of the DADE, Mr. JOHNSON Of california, Mr. NICHOLS, and Mr. MOLLOHAN): United States Code to make certain that THONE, Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. H.R. 2693. A bill to make it a Federal crime recipients of veterans• pension and com­ EDWARDS of California, Mr. KEMP, Mr. to kill or assault a fireman or law enforce­ pensation will not have the amount of such JoNES of North Carolina, Mr. WALDIE, · ment officer engaged in the performance of pension or compensation reduced because of Mr. SHIPLEY, Mr. GREEN of Pennsyl­ his duties when the offender travels in inter;. increases in monthly social security benefits; vania, Mr. SIKES, Mr. ULLMAN, Mr. state commerce or uses any facility of inter­ to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. HARVEY, Mr. QUIE, Mr. MOLLOHAN, Mr. state commerce for such purpose; to the By Mr. FRASER (for himself and Mr. CLARK, Mr. ERLENBORN, Mr. ESHLE• Committee on the Judiciary. FRENZEL): MAN, Mr. ZION, Mr. BLACKBURN, Mr. By Mr. !CHORD (for himself, Mr. W. C. H.R. 2674. A bill relative to the oil import LATTA, Mr. PoWELL of Ohio, Mr. Po­ (DAN) DANIEL, Mr. BAFALIS, Mr. GRO• program; to the Committee on Ways and DELL, and Mr. WoN .PAT): VER, Mr. RoBERTS, Mrs. HOLT, Mr. Means. H.R. 2686. A bill to amend title 38 of the .WALSH, Mr. ALEXANDER, :Mr. WON PAT, By Mr. GOLDWATER (for himself, United States Code to liberalize the provi­ and Mr. HUBER) : Mr. BELL, and Mr. CORMAN) : sions relating to payment of disability and H.R. 2694. A blll to make it a Federal crime H.R. 2675. A bill to establish the Federal death pension; to the Committee on Veterans' to kill or assault a fireman or law enforce­ ment officer engaged in the performance of Audiovisual Coordination Board, regulate Affairs. production by Federal agencies of audio­ his duties when the offender travels in inter­ By Mr. Hn..LIS (for himself, Mr. visual materials, and provide certain labor state commerce or uses any facility of inter­ standards in connection therewith; to the MATSUNAGA, Mr. MAYNE, Mr. MURPHY state commerce for such purpose; to the Committee on Government Operations. of New York, Mr. FASCELL, Mr. Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia: ZWACH, Mr. Wn.LIAMS, Mr. GUYER, By Mr. JARMAN: H.R. 2676. A bill to require financial dis­ Mr. JoHNSON of Pennsylvania, Mr. H.R. 2695. A bill to amend the Airport and closure; to the Committee on Standards of HUDNUT, Mr. MYERS, Mr. HANSEN of Airway Development Act of 1970 to increase Official Conduct. Idaho, Mr. BAKER, Mr. HASTINGS, Mrs. the U.S. share of allowable project costs un­ By Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia CHISHOLM, Mr. SISK, Mr. FLOOD, Mr. der such act; to amend the Federal Aviation (for himself, Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. VEYSEY, Mrs. BURKE Act of 1958 to prohibit certain State taxation of persons in air transportation, and for other BADILLO, Mr. BARRETT, Mr. BROWN of of California, Mr. RINALDO, Mr. purposes; to the Committee on Interstate California, Mrs. CmsHoLM, Mr. DOWNING, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. YAT• DELLUMS, Mr. EYLBERG, Mr. WU.LIAM and Foreign Commerce. RON, and Mr. RAn.SBACK) : H.R. 2696. A bill to amend the Federal D. FORD, Mrs. GRASSO, Mr. KARTH, H.R. 2687. A bill to amend title 38 of the Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41) to pro­ Mr. KOCH, Mr. LEGGETT, Mr. MANN, United States Code to liberalize the provi­ vide that ander certain circumstances exclu­ Mr. NIX, Mr. PIKE, Mr. PREYER, Mr. sions relating to payment of disability and sive territorial arrangements shall not be RANGEL, Mr. STOKES, and Mr. death pension; to the Committee on Veterans• deemed unlawful; to the Committee on In­ WOLFF): Affairs. terstate and Foreign Commerce. 1842 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE January 23, 1973

By Mr. KEATING: ify certain subcontractors who will assist in H.R. 2715. A bill to amend titles II and H.R. 2697. A bill to amend section 232 or carrying them out; to the Committee on the XVIII of the Social Security Act to include the National Housing Act to include fire Judiciary. qualified drugs, requiring a physician's pre­ safety equipment among the items which By Mr. LEGGETr (for himself, Mr. scription or certification and approved by a may be covered by an insured mortgage Moss, Mr. JoHNSON of California, formulary committee, among the items and thereunder, to require (as a condition or and Mr. McFALL): services covered under the hospital insur­ eligibility for mortgage insurance) that a H.R. 2710. A bill to confer exclusive juris­ ance program; to the Committee on Ways nursing home or intermediate care facility diction on the Federal Maritime Commis­ and Means. comply with the Life Safety Code, and to sion over certain movements of merchandise By Mr. OBEY (for himself, Mr. STUDDS, authorize insured loans to provide fire safety by barge in foreign commerce; to the Com­ Mr. ASPIN, Mr. KYROS, Mr. BRASCO, equipment for such a home or facility; to the mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. and Mr. FRASER) : Committee o:t: Banking and Currency. By Mr. LONG of Maryland: H.R. 2716. A bill to amend titles II and H.R. 2698. A bill to amend the Federal H.R. 2711. A bill to prohibit most favored­ XVIII of the Social Security Act to include Aviation Act of 1958 to authorize reduced nation treatment and commercial and guar­ qualified drugs, requiring a physician's pre­ rate transportation for certain additional antee agreements with respect to any non­ scription or certification and approved by a persons on a space-available basis; to the market economy country which denies to its formulary committee, among the items and Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ citizens the right to emigrate or which im­ services covered under the hospital insurance merce. poses more than nominal fees upon its cit­ program; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 2699: A bill to amend title VI of the izens as a condition to emigration; to the Means. Public Health Service Act to provide that Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. PETTIS: a facility for long-term care must comply By Mr. OBEY (for himself, Mr. GIAIMO, H.R. 2717. A bill to amend title 10, United with the Life Safety Code in order to qualify Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. ANDERSON Of Cali­ States Code, to restore the system of recom­ for assistance thereunder; tQ the Committee fornia, Mr. BARRETT, Mr. BERGLAND, putation of retired pay for certain members on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. BEVILL, Mr. CoTTER, Mrs. GRASSO, and former members of the Armed Forces; the Committee on Armed Services. H.R. 2700. A bill to amend the Social Se­ Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania, Mr. to H.R. 2718. A bill to provide for the arrest curity Act to provide that an intermediate HICKS, Mr. RoY, Mr. FLOOD, Mr. CAR­ NEY of Ohio, Mr. HoWARD, Mr. JoHN­ of, and to prescribe penalties for, violators care facility (or nursing home> must comply of certain laws and regulations relating to with the Life Safety Code, and must fully soN of California, Mr. CoNYERS, Mr. CoUGHLIN, Mr. CORMAN, Mr. ADAMS, the public lands of the United States, and disclose all ownership and security interests for other purposes; to the Committee on. therein, to qualify as a provider of services Mr. CONTE, Mr. VEYSEY, Miss HOLTZ­ MAN, Mr. EILBERG, and Mr. COHEN) : Interior and Insular Affairs. for which payment may be made under a H.R. 2719. A bill to establish certain poli­ State's approved title XIX plan (or certain H.R. 2712. A bill to amend titles II and XVlll of the Social Security Act to include cies with respect to certain leases or permits other State plans), and to provide that in­ issued by the Secretary of the Interior; to formation which an intermediate care fa­ qualified drugs, requiring a physician's pre­ scription or certification and approved by a the Committee on Interior and Insular cility or nursing home is required to furnish Affairs. State agencies under the title XIX program formulary committee, among the items and services covered under the hospital insur­ H.R. 2720. A bill to authorize the Secretary must be made available to the public; to of the Interior to sell certain rights in the the Committee on Ways and Means. ance program; to the Committee on Ways and Means. State of California; to the Committee on ByMr.KOCH: Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 2701. A bill to extend to all unmarried By Mr. OBEY (for himself, Mr. Moss, Mr. BOWEN, Mr. McDADE, Mr. FuLTON, H.R. 2721. A bill to amend section 403 (b) individuals the full tax benefits of income of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to permit splitting now enjoyed by married individuals Mr. BIESTER, Mr. GUDE, Mr. DENT, Mr. O'HARA, Mr. HELSTOSKJ:, Mr. STOKES, the continuation of youth fares and family filing joint returns; to the Committee on Mr. WILLIAMS, Mr. DAVIS of Georgia, fares; to authorize reduced-rate transporta­ Ways and Means. Mr. REm, Mr. MEEDS, Mr. HAWKINS, tion for handicapped persons and their at­ By Mr. LEGGETT: Mr. TIERNAN, Mr. CLARK, Mr. MORGAN, tendants; and to authorize reduced-rate H.R. 2702. A bill to amend chapter 67 of Mr. FASCELL, Mr. MURPHY of New transportation for elderly people on a space­ title 10, United States Code, to grant eligi­ York, Mr. BURTON, Mr. MCK!NNEY, available basis; to the Committee on Inter­ bility for retired pay to reservists serving Mr. Wor.:FF, and Mr. THOMPSON of state and Foreign Commerce. in an inactive status before August 16, 1945, New Jersey) : H.R. 2722. A bill to amend the Railroad and for other purposes; to the Committee H.R. 2713. A bill to amend titles II and Unemployment Insurance Act to provide that on Armed Services. XVIII of the Social ~ecurity Act to include the receipt of military retirement pay shall H.R. 2703. A bill to amend title 10, United qualified drugs, requiring a physician's pre­ not cause benefits under that act to be di­ States Code, to remove the restriction·on the scription or certification and approved by a minished; to the Committee on Interstate use of certain private institutions under the formulary committee, among the items and and Foreign Commerce. dependents' medical care program, and for services covered under the hospital insur­ H.R. 2723. A blll to require the Secretary other purposes; to the Committee on Armed ance program; to the Committee on Ways of Transportation to prescribe regulations services. and Means. governing the humane treatment of animals H.R. 2704. A bill to amend chapter 55 of By Mr. OBEY (for himself, Mr. MooR­ transported in air commerce; to the Com­ title 10 to provide additional dental care for HEAD of Pennsylvania, Mrs. MINK, mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. dependents of active duty members of the Mrs. CHISHOLM, Mr. CASEY of H.R. 2724. A bill to amend the act pro­ uniformed services; to the Committee on Texas, Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia, viding an exemption from the antitrust laws Armed Services. Mr. BROWN of Michigan, Mr. RANGEL, with respect to agreements between persons H.R. 2705. A bill to terminate the authority Mr. EDWARDS of California, Mr. engaging in certain professional sports for of the President to suspend the Davis-Bacon BROWN of California, Mr. WON PAT, the purpose of certain television contracts Act; to the Committee on Education and Mr. NIX, Mr. HANNA, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. in order to terminate such exemption when Labor. ALEXANDER, Mr. STEELE, Mr. PIKE, Mr. a home game is sold out; to the Committee H.R. 2706. A bill to amend subchapter III RUNNELS, Mr. BADll.LO, Mr. DANIEL­ on the Judiciary. of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, SON, Mr. PRICE of Dlinois, Mr. Wn.­ H.R. 2725. A bill to amend the Internal relating to civil service retirement, and for LIAM D. FORD, Mr. YATRON, Mr. SAR­ Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a credit other purposes; to the Committee on Post BANES, and Mr. FAUNTROY) : against income tax to individuals for cer­ Office and Civil Service. H.R. 2714. A bill to amend title II and tain expenses incurred in providing higher H.R. 2707. A bill to amend title 5, United XVIII of the Social Security Act to include education; to the Committee on Ways and States Code, to remove the prohibition on the qualified drugs, requiring a physician's pre­ Means. concurrent payment of compensation for dis­ scription or certification and approved by a H.R. 2726. A bill to amend the Internal ability on account of a civilian work injury formulary committee, among the items and Revenue Code of 1954 to provide a tax credit and of retired pay for a different disability services covered under the hospital insurance for employers who employ members of the incurred in service with the U.S. Armed program; to the Committee on Ways and hard-core unemployed; to the Committee on Forces, and for other purposes; to the Com­ Means. Ways and Means. mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. OBEY (for himself, Mr. HAR­ By Mr. PRICE of Texas: H.R. 2708. A bill to encourage the State to RINGTON, Mr. BELL, Mr. ROSTENKOW­ H.R. 2727. A bill to require the Secretary extend coverage under their State unemploy­ SKJ:, Mr. BoLLING, Mr. EviNs of Ten­ of Agriculture to carry out a rural environ­ nessee, Mr. FisH, Mr. RAILSBACK, Mr. ment compensation laws to agricultural la­ mental assistance program; to the Commit­ REuss, Mr. HAM:lLTON, Mr. McCoa­ tee on Agriculture. bor; to the Committee on Ways and Means. XACK, Mr. SYMINGTON, Mr. Bu­ By Mr. LEGGETr (for himself, Mr. CHANAN, Mr. HAsTINGS, Mr. DRINAN, By Mr. ROGERS (for himself, Mr. KY· FisH, and Mr. HUNGATE) : Mrs. HANSEN of Wash.ington, Mr. ROS, Mr. PREYER, Mr. SYMINGTON, H.R. 2709. A bill to promote fair com­ BUBKE of Massachusetts, Mr. PODELL, Mr. RoY, Mr. NELSEN, Mr. CARTER, petition among prime contractors and sub­ Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. SEmERLJNG, Mr. and Mr. HASTINGS) : contractors and to prevent bid peddling on BRADEMAS, Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. RIE­ H.R. 2728. A bill to amend the Public public works contracts by requiring persons GLE, Mr. MOLLOHAN, and Mr. ROY• Health Service Act to provide for the estab­ submitting bids on those contracts to spec- BAL): lishment of projects for the dental health o! January 23, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1843" children, to increase the number of dental H.R. 2739. A bill to amend the Lead-Based paid for the elementary or secondary educa­ auxiliaries, to increase the ava.Uablllty of Paint Poisoning Prevention Act to permit tion of dependents; to the Committee on dental care through efficient use of dental grants thereunder to be made to a State Ways and Means. personnel, and for other purposes; to the agency in any case where local agencies are By Mr. VEYSEY: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ prevented by State law from receiving and H.R. 2754. A bill to strengthen education merce. expending such grants; to the Committee on by providing a share of the revenues of the By Mr. RUNNELS (for himself, Mr. Banking and Currency. United States to the States and to local NIX, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. MEEDS, Mr. H.R. 2740. A bill to make rules respecting educational agencies for the purpose of as­ RIEGLE, Mr. McCOLLISTER, Mr. YAT• military hostllities in the absence of a decla­ sisting them in carrying out education pro­ RON, Mr. WILLIAMS; and Mr. VIGO• ration of war; to the Committee on Foreign grams refiecting areas of national concern; to RITO): . Affairs. the Committee on Education and Labor. H.R. 2729. A bill concerning the allocation H.R. 2741. A bill to amend the Interstate By Mr. VIGORITO: of water pollution funds among the States Commerce Act. with respect to recovery of H.R. 2755. A bill to authorize the reinstate­ in fiscal 1973 and fiscal 1974; to the Com­ a reasonable attorney's fee in case of success­ ment and extension of the authorization for mittee on Public Works. ful Inaintenance of an action for recovery of the beach erosion control project for Presque By Mr. RUPPE: damages sustained in transportation of prop­ isle Peninsula, Erie, Pa.; to the Committee H.R. 2730. A bU1 to declare that certain fed­ erty; to the Committee on Interstate and on Public Works. erally owned land is held by the United Foreign Commerce. By Mr. COLLIER: States in trust for the Keweenaw Bay In­ H.R. 2742. A bill to amend the Communi­ H.J. Res. 222. Joint resolution to declare dian Community and to make such lands cations Act of 1934 to provide permanent fi­ the policy of the United States with respect parts of the reservation involved; to the Com­ nancing for the Corporation for Public to its teiTitorial sea; to the Committee on mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Broadcasting; to the Committee on Inter­ Foreign Affairs. H.R. 2731. A bill to amend title 18 of the state and Foreign Commerce. H.J. Res. 223. Joint resolution proposing an United States Code to permit the mailing H.R. 2743. A bill to amend part 1 of the amendment to the Constitution of the of lottery tickets and related matter, the Interstate Commerce Act to require the in­ United States relative to neighborhood broadcasting or televising of lottery informa­ stallation of sanitation devices in railroad schools; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tion, and the transportation and advertising cars to prevent :the discharge from such cars H.J. Res. 224. Joint resolution to authorize of lottery tickets in interstate commerce, but of sewage; to the Cominittee on Interstate the President to proclaim the second Sunday only where the lottery is conducted by a and Foreign Commerce. in September of each year as Bata.an Day: State agency; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 2744. A bill to establish a National to the Committee on the Judiciary. 'ciary. Institute of Advertising, Marketing, and By Mr. CONABLE: · H.R. 2732. A bill to terminate the oil im­ .Society; to the Committee on Interstate H.J. Res. 225. Joint resolution proposing port control program; to the Committee on and Foreign Commerce. · an amendment to the Constitution of the Ways and Means. H.R. 2745. A bill.to provide certain amounts United States providing for the election of H.R. 2733. A bill to amend the Social Se­ of broadcast tinie for candidates for Presi­ ,the President and Vice President; to the .curity Act to provide for medical, hospital dent and Vice President of the United States; Cotnmittee on the Judiciary. and dental care through a system of volun­ to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. E DE LA GARZA: tary health insurance including protection Commerce. H.J. Res. 226. Joint resolution proposing an against the catastrophic expenses of illness, H.R. 2746. A bill to provide compensation amendment to the Constitution of the :financed in whole for low-income groups to U.S. commercial :fishing vessel owners for United States with respect to the offering of through issuance of certificates, and in part damages incurred by them as a result of ·prayer in public buildings; to the Committee for all other persons through allowance of an action of a vessel operated by a foreign ·on the Judiciary. tax credits; and to provide effective utiliza­ government or a citizen of a foreign govern­ By Mr. GAYDOS: tion of available :financial resources, health ment; to the Committee on Merchant Marine H.J. Res. 227. Joint resolution proposing a:r:J, manpower, and facilities; to the Committee and Fisheries. amendment to the Constitution of the on Ways and Means. H.R. 2747. A bill to provide for the retire­ United States limiting deficit spending by the By Mr. ST GERMAIN (for himself, Mr. ment of certain employees of the Federal Federal Government; to the Committee on BARRETT, Mrs. SULLIVAN, Mr. REUSS, Bureau of Investigation and the U.S. Secret the Judiciary. Mr. ASHLEY, Mr. MOORHEAD of Penn­ Service, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H.J. Res. 228. Joint resolution proposing sylvania, Mr. STEPHENS, Mr. GON­ mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. an amendment to' the Constitution of the ZALEZ, Mr. MINISH, Mr. HANNA, Mr. H.R. 2748. A bill to amend title 5, United United States to permit voluntary participa­ ANNUNZIO, Mr. REEs, Mr. HANLEY, States Code, relating to qualifications for tion in prayer in public schools; to the Com­ Mr. BRASCO, Mr. KOCH, Mr. COTTER, appointment and retention in the civil serv­ mittee on the Judiciary. ice.; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil By Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT (for him• Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr. Service. FAUNTROY, Mr. YOUNG of Georgia, self and Mr. MILLS of Arkansas): Mr. MOAKLEY, and Mr. STAnK): H.R. 2749. A bill tQ amend the Internal H.J. Res. 229. Joint resolution authorizing ' H.R. 2734. A bill to amend the Urban Mass Revenue Code of 1954 to exempt from income the President to proclaim the week begin• Transportation Act of 1964 to provide a sub­ tax retirement annuities and pensions paid ning on the last Monday in October of each stantial increase in the total amount author­ by the United States to its employees; to the · year as National Magic Week; to the Com­ ized for assistance thereunder. to increase Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on the Judiciary. the portion of project cost which may be cov­ H.R. 2750. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. KEATING (for himself, Mr. Dl: ered by a Federal grant, to authorize assist­ Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction LUGO, Mr. WALSH, Mr. HASTINGS, Mr. ance for operating expenses and for other to tenants of houses or apartments for their FOUNTAIN, Mr. YOUNG Of Georgia, purposes; to the Committee on Banking and proportionate share of the taxes and interest and Mr. BROWN of California): Currency. paid by their landlordS; to the Committee H .J. Res. 230. Joint resolution designating By Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin: on Ways and Means. certain election days as legal public holidays, H.R. 2751. A blll to permit officers and em­ and for other ptirposes; to the Committee on H.R. 2735. A bill to provide for the con­ the Judiciary. servation, protection, and propagation ot ployees of the Federal Government to elect species or subspecies of fish and wildlife that coverage under the old-age, survivors, and By Mr. LONG of Maryland: are threatened with extinction or likely with­ disability insurance system; to the Commit­ H.J. Res. 231. Joint resolution to provide in the foreseeable future to become threat­ tee on Ways and Means. for the designation of the week of February By Mr. TIERNAN (for himself, Ms. 11 to 17, 1973, as National Vocational Educa­ ened with extinction, and for other pur­ tion Week; to the Committee on the poses; to the Cotnmittee on Merchant Marine ABzuG, Mr. BRASCO, Mr. BROWN of Judiciary. and Fisheries. Michigan, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mrs. CHIS­ HOLM, Mr. DANIELSON, Mr. EILBERG, By Mr. MATSUNAGA: By Mr. THONE: H.J. Res. 232. Joint resolution to establish H.R. 2736. A bill to amend title 38 of the Mr. HARRINGTON, Mr. HECHLER Of West Virginia, Mr. MAILLIARD, Mr. a Commission on Philippine Guerrilla Recog­ United States Code to provide specially nition; to the Committee on Veterans• adapted housing benefits to veterans suf­ MARTIN of North Carolina, Mr. Affairs. fering the loss, or loss of use,' of both arms; MOAKLEY, Mr. MOORHEAD Of Penn­ sylvania, Mr. MuRPHY of New York, By Mr. PATMAN (for himself, Mr. BAR· to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. RETT, and Mr. WIDNALL) : By Mr. TIERNAN: Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. SYMINGTON, Mr. WARE, and Mr. WILLIAMS): H.J. Res. 233. Joint resolution to amend H.R. 2737. A bill to amend title 10, United the Housing and Urban Development Act of States Code, to permit the recomputation of H.R. 2752. A bill to amend the Interna­ retired pay of certain members and former tional Travel Act of 1961 to provide for Fed­ 1968 by increasing the limitation on the face members of the Armed Forces; to the Com­ eral regulation of the travel agency industry; amount of flood insurance authorized to b& mittee on Armed Services. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign outstanding; to the Committee on Banking H.R. 2738. A bUl to provide for the credit­ Commerce. and Currency. ing of certain past employment by certain By Mr. VANIK: By Mr. PEPPER: persons subject to the National Guard Tech­ H.R. 2753. A bill to amend the Internal H.J. Res. 234. Joint resolution . commend­ .nicia.ns Act of 1968; to the Committee on Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a credit ing the Cuban "Declaration of Freedom"; to Armed Services. against the individual income tax for tuition the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 23, 1973 By Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI (for him­ in that Member's district;_to the Committee By Mr. GOLDWATER: self, Mr. BUJtXE of Massachusetts, on the Judiciary. H.R. 2760. A bill for the relief of Nicola Di Mr. BRASCO, Mr. DELANEY, Mr. PAS­ By Mr. DINGELL: Nallo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. CELL, Mr. MooRHEAD of Pennsylvania, H. Res. 155. Resolution establishing a H.R. 2761. A blli for the relief of Ivo Falvo; Mr. Moss, Mr. MURPHY of IDinois, Special Committee on the Captive Nations; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and Mr. RoE) : to the Committee on Rules. H.R. 2762. A bill for the relief of Adele H.J. Res. 235. Joint resolution to authorize By Mr. !CHORD: Romanelli; to the Committee on the the emergency importation of oil into the H. Res. 156. Resolution providing for addi­ Judiciary. United States; to the Committee on Ways tional copies of "The Federal Civilian Em­ H.R. 2763. A bill for the relief of Santuzza and Means. ployee Loyalty Program," House Report No. Simontl; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ANDERSON of IDinois: . 92-1637, 92d Congress, 2d session; to the H.R. 2764. A bill I:Jr the relief of Lucia. Tor­ H. Con. Res. 91. Concurrent resolution ex­ Committee on House Administration. torella; to the Committee on the Judiciary. pressing the sense of the Congress that the By Mr. JARMAN: Joint Committee on Congressional Opera­ H.R. 2765. A bill for the relief of Carl tions begin an immediate study of commit­ Harris; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tee Jurisdictions in the House of Represent­ MEMORIALS By Mr. PETTIS: atives; to the Committee on Rules. Under clause 4 of rule :XXTI, H.R. 2766. A blll for the relief of Walter L. By Mr. GAYDOS: and Thelma M. Bossard; to the Committee H. Con. Res. 92. Concurrent resolution ex­ 15. The SPEAKER presented a memorial of on Interior a.nd Insular A1fairs. pressing the sense of Congress respecting the Senate of the Commonwealth of Massa­ H.R. 2767. A bill for the relief of Alfred Federal expenditures; to the Committee on chusetts, relative to import restrictions on Coleman; to the Committee on Interior and Government Operations. oil; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Insular Affairs. H. Con. Res. 93. Concurrent resolution to H.R. 2768. A bill for the relief of Wah Fat collect overdue debts; to the Committee on Won (also known as Suey Hong Won); to Ways and Means. the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PEPPER: PRIVATE Bn..LS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 2769. A bill for the relief of W1111a.m H. Con. Res. 94. Concurrent resolution Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private R. Karsteter; to the Committee on the Ju­ expressing the sense of the Congress with bills and resolutions were introduced and diciary. respect to the diplomatic recognition of the severally referred as follows: By Mr. ROGERS (by request) : Government of Cuba; to the Committee on H.R. 2770. A bill for the relle:t' of Charles Foreign Affairs. By Mr. ADDABBO: P. Bailey; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ANDERSON of lllinois: H.R. 2756. A bill for the relief of Ester Dina. By Mr. TEAGUE of California: H. Res. 153. Resolution to amend rule XI Bursztyn; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2771. A bill for the relief of Leonard of the House of Representatives; to the H.R. 2757. A bill for the rellef of Anna Rosa., Diamond; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Rules. Luigi, and Amelia. Gulstino; to the Commit­ By. Mr. TIERNAN: By Mr. BROWN of California (for him­ tee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2772. A bill for the relief of Marla. self, Mr. DANIELSON, and Mr. COR­ H.R. 2758. A blll for the relief of Alfredo D'Arpino; to the Committee on the Judiciary. MAN): and Caterina. Iannitelli and minor son, Ri­ By Mr. BAKER: H. Res. 154. Resolution authorizing each cardo Jose lannitelli; to the Committee on H. Res. 157. A resolution to refer the bill Member of the House to sue on behalf of the the Judiciary. (H.R. 1690) entitled "A blli for the relief of House with respect to funds lliegally im­ By Mr. GAYDOS: Farmers Chemical Association, Inc." to the pounded by the President which would other­ H.R. 2759. A bill for the relief of Reiiato Chief Commissioner of the Court of Claims; wise be available for programs and projects Arrighi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary.

SENATE-Tuesday, January 23, 1973

The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian Grant to those who mourn, the heal­ may be authorized to meet during the and was called to order by the President ing of Thy grace and the comfort of Thy session of the Senate today. pro tempore (Mr. EAsTLAND) • Holy Spirit. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. out objection, it is so ordered.

PRAYER The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT NO COMMITTEE MEETINGS TOMORROW L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Messages in writing from the President prayer: of the United States were communicated Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, on Eternal Father, in whom we live and to the Senate by Mr. Geisler, one of his behalf of the distinguished Republican move and have our being, quiet our secretaries. leader and myself, in view of the death hearts in grateful memory of Thy serv­ of our late departed colleague and former President of the United States, Lyndon ant Lyndon Baines Johnson. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED .We give Thee thanks for his great and · Baines Johnson, I ask unanimous con­ good life and for the enduring legacy of As in executive session, the President sent that no committee meetings be held his leadership. We thank Thee for his pro tempore laid before the Senate mes­ tomorrow. legislative skills, his executive talents, sages from the President of the United The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ and his enduring statesmanship in the States submitting sundry nominations, out objection, it is so ordered. affairs of the whole world. We thank which were referred to the appropriate Thee for his devotion to civil rights and committees. ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT human justice, his passion to help the