Aquatic Macrophyte Diversity of Mul Lake from Mul Taluka of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra State (India)

I J R B A T, Special Issue Feb 2016: 140-145 ISSN 2347 – 517X

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN BIOSCIENCES, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY © VISHWASHANTI MULTIPURPOSE SOCIETY (Global Peace Multipurpose Society) R. No. MH-659/13(N) www.vmsindia.org

AQUATIC MACROPHYTE DIVERSITY OF MUL LAKE FROM MUL TALUKA OF CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA)

M. B. Shende, U.B. Deshmukh, Mithun S.Shende and A. J.Butle Higher Learning and Research Centre, and P.G. De partment of Botany, Janata Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur. 442 401 [email protected].

Abstract: Present survey of Mul lake from Mul Taluka of Chandrapur District,Maharashtra state shows 61 species of aquatic macrophyte diversity belonging to 32 families and 47 gene ra. Eme rgent macrophyte dominates and contributes 42 species(68.85%) ,followed by submerged macrophyte contributes 09 species (14.75%).Anchored floating macrophyte contributes 06 species(9.83%) and free floating contributes 04 species (6.55%). Floating macrophytes divides in two groups free floating and rooted floating. Herbaceous Macrophyte dominating and possess 53 species (86.88%) followed by creeper 05 species (8.19%), under shrub possess two species of family Fabaceae and Ipomoea carnea Jacq. is the only shrub reported from Convolvulaceae family. Angiosperms shows dominance over Pteridophytes and Algae. Dicot macrophytes possess 38 species of 20 families (62.29%)and shows dominance over monocot possess 23 species of 12 families (37.70%). Thus Mul Lake possess much diversity of macrophyte. Keywords: Aquatic Macrophytes, Mul lake, Mul Taluka, Chandrapur District, Maharashtra state

Introduction organic and mineral compone nts. Aquatic The term aquatic macrophyte refer to the communities reflect anthropogenic influence macroscopic forms of aquatic vege tation and and are very useful to de tect and assess human encompass macro algae. These are classified impacts (Solak et al ., 2012). Aquatic weeds into eme rgent macrophyte, floating, submerged referred to as Macrophyte constitute an and free floating macrophyte (Wetzel, 1975). important component of aquatic ecosystem. Aquatic macrophytic plants are those species The ir diversity and biomass influence primary which normally stand in water and must grow productivity and complexities of tropic states for at le ast a part of their life cycle in water, (Kumar and Singh, 1987). Macrophyte serve as either completely subme rged or a link between the sediment, water, and emerged (Muenscher,1944). Aquatic sometime s atmosphere in wetlands, lakes, and macrophyte are considered as important rivers. Howeve r, macrophyte are also involved in compone nt of the aquatic ecosystem not only as ecosystem processes such as bio mineralization, food source for aquatic invertebrates, but also transpiration, sedimentation, eleme ntal cycling, act as an efficient accumulator of heavy me tals materials transformation, and release of (Devlin, 1967; Chung and Jeng, 1974). biogenic trace gases into the atmosphere Aquatic plants are important as they supply (Carpenter and Lodge, 1986). food and shelter for many aquatic organisms. Studies on Aquatic Macrophyte and its They serve as substratum to different Micro and distribution and classification in India carrie d macro fauna (Raut and Pejawer, 2005). out by many researchers Aquatic plants constitute an integral component (Subrahmanyam,1962;Bhaskar and of an aquatic ecosystem. They may serve as Razi,1973;Kachroo ,1984;Lavania et good source of food to the mankind, a palatable al. 1990;Cook,1996; Baruah and Baruah, feed to the water birds and animals thus 2000; Dutta et al. 2002;Maliya and forming a base for aquatic wildlife conservation Singh,2004; Dhore et al. ,2012;Dhore and practices. They also se rve as a potential source Lachure,2014;Kumar and Pal,2015) and many of energy (Majid, 1986). Aquatic macrophyte more. Reports on aquatic macrophyte from are also responds to the changes in water Chandrpur districts also carried out by some quality and have been used as indicator of researchers from different region (Khinchi et pollution of pollution in several cases (Best, al .,2008; Wadhave et al. ,2010; Harney et 1982). al. ,2013;Sitre,2013;Sitre et al. ,2014 and Macrophytes are important component and Harney,2014). As there are no previous reported play a major role in primary productivity of the studies on aquatic macrophyte of Mul Lake from aquatic ecosystem. Aquatic macrophyte used Mul Taluka of Chandrapur district. Therefore nutrient and thus influences water quality. It an attempt has been made to study aquatic also controls water quality by exuding various macrophyte from this region.

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Material and Methods Willd.( Nymphaeaceae) Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Study Area H. Hara ( Onagraceae), Ipomoea aquatica Forsk,( Mul lake is located at 20.07°N 79.67°E Convolvulaceae) Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, ne ar Mul city Bus stand.Mul is known as City and Nymphoides cristata(Roxb.) Kuntz Of Rice form Chandrapur district. Mul is a (Menyanthaceae) .They represents only 9.83% Taluka in Chandrapur District of Maharashtra of total macrophyte from Mul Lake. State, India. Mul Taluka is bounded by by Saoli B. Emergent Macrophyte :They grow in Taluka towards East , Pombhurna Taluka shallow water and existing near the wet towards South , Sindewahi Taluka towards environment. Total 42 species recorded as North , Chamorshi Taluka towards East . Mul emergent belonging to 25 families. Emerge nt City , Gadchiroli City , Durgapur City , Macrophyte are dominating and contributes Chandrapur City a re the nearby Cities to Mul. It 68.85% of total macrophyte . has an average elevation of 198 metres C.Submerged Macrophyte: These species grow, (649 fee t). It belongs to Vidarbh region. It is germinate , and reproduce be neath the water located 45 KM towards East from District head surface. Nine species from seven families quarters Chandrapur.(Fig.01). recorded name ly Oxlis corniculata L.( Collection of macrophytes and identification Oxalidaceae), Ceratophyllum demersum L. ( Mul Lake were surveyed for its Ceratophyllaceae), Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene enumeration of aquatic macrophyte periodically (Ve rbenaceae), Chara globularis J. during the pe riod of September 2014 to L.Thuller(Characeae ). Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) December 2015 and plant specimen were Royle, Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pe rs. and collected and by following usual laboratory Vallisneria spiralis L.( Hydrocharitaceae ) Najas procedures herbarium sheets prepared and minor L.(Najdaceae) as submerged collected in Herbarium of PG Dept of Botany, macrophytes..The y contributes 14.75% of total Janata Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur. All macrophytes from Mul Lake. collected aquatic macrophyte species correctly Submerged plants are the generators of inde ntified using pertinent literature and flora oxygen in the aquatic system. In controlled Cook (1996), Gupta (2001) and Yadav and growth situations, either naturally or by human Sardesai (2002). These collected macrophytic interference, aquatic plants can purify water, plants species are classified on the basis of their but if uncontrolled growth takes place, the y can habitat and morphological characteristics. reach the levels of pests and are frequently regarded as aquatic weeds. Aquatic plants can Results and Discussions reduce biological oxyge n demand, and these Total 61 aquatic macrophyte be longing to plants are now exploited for bio filtration of 32 familie s and 47 genrea enumerated from Mul organic waste in the waste water treatme nt Lake of Chandrapur Distric t.(Table.01).Collected systems (Ghosh,2005). 61 macrophytes are classified according to Macrophyte recorded from different groups various habitats in three types of life forms like Angiosperms contributes 58 species namely Floating, Subme rged and Emergent from (95.08%) followed by Pteridophytes contributes Mul Lake of Chandrapur District. Table-1 two species name ly Azolla pinnata R.Br. A. Floating macrophyte; They float over the Marsilea quadrifolia L.(3.27%) and Algae water surface and of two kinds. Floating contributes single species Chara globularis macrophyte represented by only 10 species J.L.Thuille r (1.63%).Monocots contributes 23 .The y contributes 16.39% of total macrophytes species(37.70%) be longing to 12 families and from Mul Lake. (Fig.01) dicots contributes 38 species(62.29%) be longing 1.Free floating macrophyte -freely to 20 families (Fig. 02 ) .Angiospe rms shows floating macrophytes and not fixed to the soil at dominance over Pteridophytes and Algae in Mul bottom.Only four species name ly Lemna minor Lake Dicots showing dominance over monocots. L,. Azolla pinnata R.Br. Eichhornia crassipes Herbaceous macrophytes dominating and (Mart.) S.L. Pistia stratiotes L., recorded as free represents 53 species (86.88%),(Fig. 03) followed floating macrophyte. They contributes ve ry less by Creepers represents only 05 species (8.19%), pe rcentage 6.55% of total macrophyte from Mul unde r shrubs only 02 (3.28%) species Lake. Aeschynomene aspera L. Aeschynomene indica 2. Anchored floating macrophyte – L.(Fabaceae) and shrubs only Ipomoea carnea Floating macrophytes but they anchored down Jacq.(Convolvulaceae ). to soil. Six species recorded namely Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. and Nymphaea pubescence

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Asteraceae and Cyperaceae were Scrophulariaceae and single species recordrded dominating familie s and contributes five species from 17 families.like Acanthaceae, each followed by Onagraceae with four species, Alismataceae, Araceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Poaceae , Commelinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Characeae , Euphorbiaceae, Lemnaceae, ,Lythraceae ,Molluginaceae ,Hydrocharitace ae, Malvaceae, Marsileaceae, Najadaceae, possess three species each .Two species possess ,Oxalidaceae by six famillie s namely Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae,Pontederiaceae,Portulacaceae Boraginaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae ,,Salviniaceae, Scrophulariaceae ,Typhaceae ,Menyanthaceae, , Nymphaeaceae, and Ve rbe naceae.

Table 01. Enume ration of Aquatic Marophytes of Mul Lake of Mul Taluka ,Chandrapur district. S.N Botanical name Family name Habit Life Form

01 Aeschynomene aspera L. Fabaceae Under Emergent Shrub 02 Aeschynomene indica L. Fabaceae Under Emergent Shrub 03 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mar)Griesp. Amaranthaceae He rb Emergent 04 Alternanthera sessilis (L.)R. Br. ex Amaranthaceae He rb Emergent 05 Ammannia baccifera L. Lythrace ae He rb Emergent 06 Azolla pinnata R.Br. Salviniaceae He rb Free floating 07 Bacopa monnieri (L.) We ttest. Scrophulariaceae He rb Emergent 08 Ceratophyllum Ceratophyllaceae He rb Subme rged demersum L.

09 Chara globularis J.L.Thuiller Characeae He rb Subme rged 10 Chrozophora rottleri (Geisel.) A. Juss. ex. Euphorbiaceae He rb Emergent Spr 11 Coix aquatica Roxb Poaceae He rb Emergent 12 Coldenia procumbens L. Boraginaceae Creeper Emergent 13 Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae He rb Emergent 14 Commelina hasskarlii C. Comm. Cyrt. Commelinaceae He rb Emergent 15 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae He rb Emergent 16 Cyperus difformis L Cype raceae He rb Emergent 17 Cyperus rotundus L. Cype raceae He rb Emergent 18 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae He rb Emergent 19 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Asteraceae He rb Emergent 20 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) S.L. Pontederiaceae He rb Free floating 21 Eleocharis capitata R. Br. Cype raceae He rb Emergent 22 Eleocharis geniculata (L.) R&S. Cype raceae He rb Emergent 23 Glinus lotoides L. Molluginaceae Creeper Emergent 24 Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. Molluginaceae Creeper Emergent 25 Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Asteraceae He rb Emergent Poir. 26 Heliotropium supinum L. Boraginaceae He rb Emergent 27 Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle Hydrocharitaceae He rb Subme rged

28 Hygrophila schulli (Harm.) Acanthaceae He rb Emergent M.R.&S.M.Almeida 29 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk Convolvulaceae He rb Anchored Floating 30 Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Convolvulaceae Shrub Emergent 31 Lemna minor L. Lemnaceae He rb Free floating 32 Limnophila sessiliflora L. Scrophulariaceae He rb Emergent 33 Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara Onagraceae He rb Anchored Floating 34 Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. Onagraceae He rb Emergent

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35 Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Herb Emerge nt 36 Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Herb Emerge nt 37 Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsileaceae Herb Emerge nt 38 Merrimia emariginum Burm. F Convolvulaceae Creeper Emerge nt 39 Mollugo pentaphylla L. Molluginaceae Herb Emerge nt 40 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Comme linaceae Herb Submerged 41 Najas minor L. Najadaceae Herb Submerged 42 Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Nymphaeaceae Herb Anchored Floating 43 Nymphaea pubescence Willd. Nymphaeaceae Herb Anchored Floating 44 Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.)Kuntz Menyanthaceae Herb Anchored Floating 45 Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Menyanthaceae Herb Anchored Floating 46 Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers Hydrocharitaceae Herb Submerged

47 Oxlis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Herb Submerged 48 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae Herb Emerge nt 49 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Verbenaceae Herb Submerged 50 Pistia stratiotes L. Araceae Herb Free floating 51 Polygonum glabrum Willd. Polygonaceae Herb Emerge nt 52 Rotala indica Blatt. & Halb. Lythraceae Herb Emerge nt 53 Rotala rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne Lythraceae Herb Emerge nt 54 Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Alismataceae Herb Emerge nt

55 Scirpus articulatus L. Cyperaceae Herb Emerge nt 56 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Asteraceae Creeper Emerge nt 57 Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. Portulacaeae Herb Emerge nt 58 Typha angustata Bory and Chaub Typhaceae Herb Emerge nt 59 Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Herb Emerge nt 60 Vallisneria spiralis L. Hydrocharitaceae Herb Submerged 61 Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae Herb Emerge nt

Figure .01. Map showing Mul Lake of Mul Taluka ,Chandraur District. (Photograph taken from Google map.)

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Graph showing life forms of macrophytes of Mul Lake Anchored Floating Submerged Free Floating 10% 15% 6%

Emergent 69%

Figure .02.Graph showing life form of macrophytes of Mul Lake ,Chandrapur district.

0 Monocots Dicots

Figure .03.Graph showing Monocot and Dicot macrophytes ofMul Lake ,Chandrapur district. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Shrub Under Shrub Crieeper Herb

Figure .04 Graph showing habit of macrophytes of Mul Lake ,Chandrapur distric t.

Angiosperms shows dominance over Conclusion Pteridophytes and Algae. Dicot macrophyte Present survey of Mul lake shows 61 species possess 38 species of 20 families (62.29%)and of aquatic macrophyte diversity belonging to 32 shows dominance over monocot possess 23 families and 47 genera. Eme rgent macrophyte species of 12 families (37.70%). Thus Mul Lake dominates and contributes 42 species(68.85%) possess much diversity of macrophyte . ,followed by subme rged macrophyte contributes 09 species (14.75%).Anchored floating Acknowledgement macrophyte contributes 06 species(9.83%) and The authors thankfull to Dr.M.Subhash, free floating contributes 04 species (6.55%). Principal Janata Mahavidyalaya,Chanrapur Floating macrophyte divides in two groups free and Dr. Ashokbhau Jiwatode , Secretary of floating and rooted floating. He rbaceous Chanda Shikshan Prasark Mandal Chandrapur, Macrophyte dominating and possess 53 species for providing facilitie s and cooperation. (86.88%) followed by creeper 05 species (8.19%), References unde r shrub possess tow species of family Baruah PP and Baruah CK( 2000). Study of the Fabaceae and Ipomoea carnea Jacq. is the only hydrophytic flora of Kaziranga National Park, shrub of Convolvulaceae family reported. Assam, India. Annals of Forestry ; 8(2): 170-178.

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