Brief overview of Turkish parcipaon in CERN experiments

Mehmet Zeyrek METU

KTO Karatay University Konya, 29 Nov. 2013

1 History

• Mainly theorecal HEP studies dominates aer the first groups formed by E. İnönü, F. Gürsey, A. O. Barut and others… Main theorecal centers has been in Univ, Bogazici Univ, METU • Experimental HEP studies and CERN collaboraons started at METU aer the second half of 1960s (iniated by Prof. Tolun)

2 Prof. Perihan Tolun 1934-2013

3 ! Perihan Tolun 1934–2013 Perihan Tolun, the first experimental particle physicist of and Middle East Technical University (METU), passed away on 27 May in at the age of 79.

Perihan Tolun graduated in the top rank from the science branch of Arnavutköy American College for Girls, a renowned high school in Istanbul, in 1955. She then came first among the physics applicants for a Rockefeller scholarship to study abroad for an advanced degree. She used the scholarship to go to Bristol University, where she earned her BSc in 1961 and a PhD in 1966 . While in Bristol, she worked in Cecil Powell’s group, participating in experiments at the , which is how her association with CERN began.

Following invitations from the eminent Turkish physicists Erdal İnönü and Feza Gürsey, Tolun joined the Physics Department at METU, Ankara, in 1966. She spent the rest of her career there until her retirement in 2001, with periods as a research associate at (1970–1971) and CERN (1976–1977). She remained an active researcher at METU until the beginning of 2013, just before her illness was diagnosed.

At METU, Tolun started the first group in experimental particle physics and set up a laboratory where manual stereo microscopes were installed for analysis of elementary-particle tracks in plates of photographic emulsion. The lab was then equipped with an automatic microscope system, in which a CCD camera reads out the image for the CHORUS experiment. A new system was later developed for the OPERA experiment in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory.

Tolun’s first experiment at CERN, with Powell’s group for her PhD, involved the measurement of the magnetic moments of the Λ0 and Σ+ hyperons. After she joined METU in 1966, under her leadership the group from Ankara collaborated with CERN, Lausanne, Munich and Rome in the subsequent experiment, making precision measurements of the magnetic moment of the Λ0 hyperon. In 1977, her group joined the WA17 experiment, measuring the lifetime of charmed hadrons produced in neutrino interactions. From 1991 onwards, her participation in the CERN neutrino programme continued with the CHARM II and CHORUS experiments, with significant Turkish contribution, especially in CHORUS. Following her lead, after the CHORUS experiment, METU joined the OPERA collaboration.

Tolun was highly respected: she was compassionate, courteous, thoughtful and candid. She dedicated her life to science and her passing away is a great loss to the particle-physics community in Turkey. She will be remembered by her students and colleagues as a brilliant researcher, inspiring teacher and advisor.

• Mehmet Zeyrek, METU/Ankara. CERN Courier, July 2013

4 CERN experiments parcated by Turkish Groups • 1966-70: A precise measurement of the magnec moment of lambda hyperon (METU) • 1976-80: WA17 Search for new short-lived parcles produced in neutrino interacons in an emulsion stack coupled to BEBC (METU)

• 1987-91: UA8 (Diffracon) parcipated by Ph.D. students from METU and CU

• 1980-90: CHARM II Study of neutrino- scaering at the SPS. (BU, METU) Data analysis • 1991-98: CHORUS Search for neutrino oscillaons. (BU,CU, METU) Detector installaon & operaon, emulsion scanning, data analysis • 1992-2000: SMC Measurement of the spin-dependent structure funcons of the proton and deutron. (BU) Polarized target installaon & operaon, data analysis

BU: Bogazici Univ., İstanbul CU: Cukurova University, Adana METU: Middle East Technical Univ., Ankara

5 Current projects at CERN

• ATLAS: Ankara Univ, BU, since 1996 Trigger and DAQ, TRT, detector operaons, physics analysis

• CMS: BU, CU and METU, since 1996 Forward Hadron (HF) calorimeter – design, construcon, commissioning and operaon, physics analysis also acvies in CASTOR calorimeter

6 • ALICE: Yildiz Univ. (& İstanbul Univ.) since 2003 Today: KTO Karatay University • LHCb: Celal Bayar Univ. • CAST: Dogus Univ, BU (since 1999) Micromegas operaon and maintanence, data analysis • CLIC (CTF3), LHeC Development of next generaon of accelerators • NA63: Experiments on strong field QED in crystals, İstanbul Univ. , since 2004 Operaons and data analysis also acvies at ISOLDE (radiacve beam facilty)

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• OPERA: METU since 1998 Detector (emulsion system) installaon, emulsion scanning, data analysis • RD51 : Uludag Univ., since 2009 Design and development of micro paern gas detectors

Compung : Turkey operates Tier2 centres in the context of WLCG (ULAKBIM)

8 Other projects

• 2004-on TEXONO- Reactor neutrino experiment, Taiwan (METU) • 2011-on AMS (METU) • 2012-on Belle2/Belle (KEK) (METU)

9 10 Manpower

• +20 instuons involved • +30 Ph.D. • 60-70 grad students • +50 Ph.D. and grad students abroad

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