Drought Management As Example for the Adaptivenes of Spanish Water Management

Drought Management as example for the Adaptivenes of Spanish Water Management

Dr. Miguel Antolín Head of International Affairs General Directorate for Water Legislation updates

•Royal Decree of River Basin Districts (RD 125/2007)

•Royal Decree of the Competent Authorities Committee (RD 126/2007)

•Royal Decree of Hydrologic Planning (RD 907/2007)

•Ministerial Order approving the Hydrologic Planning Technical Guidance. (ORDEN ARM/2656/2008)

•Establishment of the Competent Authorities Committee Hydrological Planning Decree

• The aims of Hydrological Planning are: • Water demand satisfaction. • Reach good ecologic status.

• The Hydrological Planning Decree (HPD)(RD 907/2007) integrates classic River Basin Management aspects and the newest related with water bodies protection, derived from WFD implementation.

• The HPD introduces new aspects: • Estimation of Ecologic river flows. • Consideration of Climate Change Effects. • Economic part on water demand concept. • Rules the economic water use analysis development. Hydrological Planning Technical Guidance

• Planning process is quite complex.

• The aim of the Hydrological Planning Technical Guidance is the establishment of technical criteria in the River Basin Plans elaboration tasks, as development of rules of the Hydrological Planning Decree. Planning Process Research areas Research projects

1. Water bodies characterisation and resources inventory.

2. Water bodies uses and pressures.

3. Water bodies status.

4. Environmental aims.

5. Water service costs.

6. Measures Program.

7. Drought and water scarcity management. Designation of heavily modified water bodies

100 90

80 70 60

50 40 Flow m3/s 30 20

10 0 oct-95 oct-96 oct-97 oct-98 oct-99 oct-00 oct-01 oct-02 Mont h Inflow Outflow Do these modifications of the hydrological flow regime mean: • significant pressures? • the designation of HM water bodies downstream? Regulation index River-aquifer conexion at Mancha Oriental

Salidas al río. Simulación en régimen transitorio.

400

350

300

250 ALARCON

CONTRERAS 200 hm3

150 PICAZO Iniesta Requena

100 Qu in tan ar d el Re y Casas Ibáñez 50 Minaya CORTES II La Roda 0 MOLINAR,EL 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 La Gineta R. Alterado R. Natural Detracción

Albacete

Cinchilla de Monte Aragón Almansa Discharges from Mancha Pozohondo Oriental aquifer to Jucar River Abstractions for irrigation at Mancha Oriental aquifer Resources Evaluation

SIMPA Model (integrated system to modelice rainfall- income)

Precipitation

Rate of flow

Potential evapotranspiration

Necessity of improvement on groundwater part. Water quality in natural conditions

• Mineralization model of surface water (CEDEX)

ET= f1*P P

Lp = P*Cp Esup= f3*P

Lsup = k*(Ls + Lp)

E L = E *C Ls = T*Cs sub sub sub sub

I= f2*P

Linf = (1-k)*(Ls + Lp) Estimación preliminar de la conductividad

media del agua de lluvia (Cp, μS/cm)

Estimación preliminar de la conductividad Mediana de la conductividad en las μ media por litologías (Cs, μS/cm) masas de agua subterránea (Csub, S/cm) Climatic Change

Management entrust of DGA to CEDEX to study Climate 30000 Circulación real observada PHN Change effect on: 25000 PHN-Cambio climático 5% PHN-Cambio climático 10% Mínimo ambiental Hydric resources on natural conditions. 20000 15000 Water demands. 10000

Resources water-working systems. 5000

0 Ecologic status of water bodies. 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Analysis of climate sceneries for Spain and supplied by the Estate Meteorology Agency. Use of water-working simulation models: incomes, demands, exploitation of water- working systems and ecologic state. Ecological Flow Regimes: Habitat models and preference curves

Hydraulic model: Velocity profiles in m3/s Water working systems simulation in order to evaluate water resources and reservoirs

Guarantee criteria.

Requirement of research: • Guarantee criteria. In the Hydrologic Planning Technical Guidance is used UTAH criteria. • To use extraordinary resources during droughts (groundwater). • Laxity in guarantee fulfilment in droughts situation , according to Drougts Special plan indications. Pressure-Impact GIS model development

Geoimpress. Júcar’s model.

Models developed through Model-Builder tool from Modelación presión clave – impacto representativo ArcGIS (ESRI). Datos Vertido Vertido industrial Vertido urbano piscifactoría Operaciones

- Water flow model. Resultados - Phosphorus dumping. -Organic material dumping. - Demotion (“decaimiento”).

Factor de decaimiento

K Variables P/DBO5 Direcciones

Distancia desde cabeceras= Distancia máxima – distancia Concentración desde desembocaduras Caudal

Modelo Simplificado GeoImPress Madrid - 01 octubre 2007

Temperatura (DBO)

Modelo Simplificado GeoImPress Madrid - 01 octubre 2007 Nitrates Model development (UPV)

• Nitrates transport simulation model: hydrologic cycle monthly simulation with nitrates transport model (“Patrical” Model).

• Information used: external nitrogen incomes. Council nitrogen balance from 2004, geographically referenced with Corine 2000.

Presión: Exceso de nitrógeno medio de 2.004 sobre las masas de agua Duero Tajo subterráneas (kg/ha) Villafáfila Guadalajara 60 100 90 50 80 70 40 60 30 50 40 20 30 20 10 10 Concentración NO3 (mg/l) 0 Concentración NO3 (mg/l) 0 oct-75 oct-78 oct-81 oct-84 oct-87 oct-90 oct-93 oct-96 oct-99 oct-02 oct-05 oct-75 oct-78 oct-81 oct-84 oct-87 oct-90 oct-93 oct-96 oct-99 oct-02 oct-05 C Internas Cataluña Guadiana Rus-Valdelobós Vic - Collsacabra 140 100 90 120 80 100 70 60 80 Definición kg de N/ ha 50 60 40 Presión Muy Alta >50 30 40 Presión Alta 20-50 20 20 10 Concentración NO3 (mg/l) 0 Presión Media 10-20 Concentración NO3 (mg/l) 0 Presión Baja 5-10 oct-75 oct-78 oct-81 oct-84 oct-87 oct-90 oct-93 oct-96 oct-99 oct-02 oct-05

Presión Nula < 5 oct-75 oct-78 oct-81 oct-84 oct-87 oct-90 oct-93 oct-96 oct-99 oct-02 oct-05 8 17 Cost-efficiency measures

Measures costs:

Necessity of a methodology to evaluate measures costs in a global way instead of individually. Costs: investment, exploitation and maintenance, economics, social, environmental and indirect costs.

Measures Efficiency evaluation:

• Reduction of significant pressures (magnitude or size)

• Impacts reduction (Status indicators improvement)

Cost -efficiency analysis: tool to select the proper measures in order to reach the aims, and to evaluate alternative measures on disproportionate costs analysis. Reuse and desalinitation technologies

Research necessity on:

•Reuse: purifying residual water costs, depend on initial quality and final use.

•Different desalinitation technologies: microfiltration, nanofiltration, electrodialisis, inverse osmosis, etc.

•Problems of brine impact on poseidonia “fields”. Necessity of developing Dispersion models. Drought Management Plans in the Spanish River Basins Management alternatives for droughts

a) As an emergency situation Considering it as a crisis situation, which has to be tackled using extraordinary resources. b) Within the general planning framework Making an analysis of the existing risk, and introducing droughts in the general planning strategies as a different scenario. In Spain, traditionally, droughts have been managed as emergency situations.

Spanish Water Law (TRLA), in article 58, foresees in extraordinary drought situation the adoption, by the Government, of necessary measures to overcome these situations, related to the use of the public water domain. Decrees of urgent extraordinary measures Works at European level –WFD CIS

Strategic Steering Group Water Directors Stakeholder Forum “WFD and Hydromorphology ” Steering of implementation process “Water Scarcity and Droughts ” Chair: DE, UK and Commission Chair: Presidency, Co-chair: Commission Chair: Commission Expert Network Strategic Steering Group Chair: FR/ES/IT “WFD and Agriculture ” Chair: FR, UK and Commission Strategic Co -ordination Group Co-ordination of work programme Art. 21 Chair: Commission Committee Drafting Group “Objectives/Exemptions/ Economics ” Chair: Commission and DK

Working Group A Working Group D Working Group F “Ecological Status ” “Reporting ” “Floods ” Chair: JRC, DE and UK Chair: Commission, EEA and FR Chair: Commission "GIS” Expert Network

Working Group C Working Group E “Groundwater ” “Priority Substances ” Chair: Commission and AT Chair: Commission “Chemical Monitoring ” “Chemical Monitoring ” Chair: Commission/IT Chair: Commission/IT Stakeholders, NGO’, , Researchers, Experts, etc. Expert Network on Water Scarcity and Droughts is co-leaded by FR, IT and ES. A final report on Drought Management Plans will be presented to European Water Directors by the end of 2007. Guidance Document for the development of DMP

The Directorate General SUMMARY OF THEIR CONTENT: for Water has elaborated DIAGNOSIS: a “Guidance Document • Identify and characterize territorial and environmental elements. for developing DMPs” Zonification • Analysis of historical droughts and drought characterization • Definition of indicators, thresholds and drought phases PROGRAM OF MEASURES (POM): • Definition of general measures and specific ones for each area in each drought phase MANAGEMENT AND FOLLOW-UP SYSTEM: • Organization and management systems • Definition of indicators for the implementation follow-up and effects Indicators system

Objective Follow-up of the hydrological status through an indicators’ system that represents the functioning of water resource systems of River basins.

Indicators selection criteria • Identification of the origin areas of resource associated to specific demand units. • Selection of indicators types according to their representativity in the resources supply. – Precipitation – River inflows in natural regime – Stored volume in surface reservoirs – Piezometric levels in aquifers Indicators assessment and thresholds definition

0.5 0.5

0 Vmin Vmed Vmax Historical value indicator

Risk Status index value Status Very low 0,75 – 1,00 NORMAL Low 0,50 – 0,75 Medium 0,30 – 0,50 PREALERT High 0,15 – 0,30 ALERT Very high 0,00 – 0,15 EMERGENCY

Hydrologic status classification Indicators assessment and thresholds

Normalidad Prealerta Alerta Emergencia Duero Ie> 0,5 0,5> Ie> 0,3 0,3> Ie> 0,1 0,1> Ie Tajo VARIABLE POR SISTEMA Norte Guadiana VARIABLE POR SISTEMA Guadalquivir Ie> 0,5 0,5> Ie> 0,3 0,3> Ie> 0,15 0,15> Ie Segura Ie> 0,5 0,5> Ie> 0,36 0,35> Ie> 0,21 0,2> Ie Júcar Ie> 0,5 0,5> Ie> 0,3 0,3> Ie> 0,15 0,15> Ie Ebro Ie> 0,5 0,5> Ie> 0,3 0,3> Ie> 0,15 0,15> Ie

Mitigation drought measures

TYPES OF MITIGATION MEASURES

Indicator 1-0.5 0.5-0.4 0.4-0.3 0.3-0.2 0.2-0.15 0.15-0.1 0.1-0

Status Normal Pre-alert Alert Emergency

Objective Planning Information-control Conservation Restrictions

Type of measure Strategic Tactics Emergency Main measures to apply during drought situation

• Exploitation rules, savings and use restrictions • Joint management of surface water and groundwater: drought wells • Non-conventional resources: reuse of treated wastewaters in agriculture • Water markets.

RESUMEN OBRAS DE EMERGENCIA Y URGENCIA

TOTAL ACTUACIONES AÑO HIDROLÓGICO402,289 2004-2005 millones de € Obras de tramitación de Urgencia 185,500 millones de € Obras de tramitación de Emergencia 216,789 millones de € TOTAL ACTUACIONES AÑO HIDROLÓGICO182,510 2005-2006 millones de € Obras de tramitación de Emergencia 182,510 millones de € TOTAL ACTUACIONES AÑO HIDROLÓGICO67,730 millones 2006-2007 de € Obras de tramitación de Emergencia 67,730 millones de € TOTAL ACTUACIONES AÑO HIDROLÓGICO58,367 millones 2007-2008 de € Obras de tramitación de Emergencia 58,367 millones de €

710,896 millones de €

TOTAL ACTUACIONES