Spatial Ecology Observations from Feral Horses Equipped with Global Positioning System Transmitters Jˊˌ˘ˋ D
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Last Populations of the Critically Endangered Onager Equus Hemionus Onager in Iran: Urgent Requirements for Protection and Study
Oryx Vol 37 No 4 October 2003 Short Communication The last populations of the Critically Endangered onager Equus hemionus onager in Iran: urgent requirements for protection and study Laurent Tatin, Bijan F. Darreh-Shoori, Christophe Tourenq, David Tatin and Bijan Azmayesh Abstract The onager Equus hemionus onager, a wild ass for domestic use, and land conversion have been identi- endemic to Iran, is categorized as Critically Endangered fied as the main threats to the two remaining onager on the IUCN Red List. Its biology and conservation populations. In addition, geographical isolation could requirements are poorly documented. We report our cause the loss of genetic variability in these two relatively observations, made in 1997 and 2000, on the behaviour small populations, and also makes them more susceptible and ecology of the two remaining populations, located to the potential eCects of stochastic events such as drought in the Touran Protected Area and the Bahram-e-Goor or disease. Public awareness, appropriate protection, and Reserve. Recent population counts by the Department of scientific studies must be urgently supported by both Environment of Iran (471 in the Protected Area and 96 national and international organizations in order to pre- in the Reserve) are markedly lower than the estimate of vent the extinction of these two apparently dwindling 600–770 made in the 1970s in the Touran Protected Area. populations of onager. We observed social interactions between stallions and mares outside the breeding season that contrasts with Keywords Ass, behaviour, conservation status, Equus the known social structure of this subspecies. Poaching, hemionus, Iran, onager. competition with domestic animals, removal of shrubs The Asiatic wild ass Equus hemionus is one of seven ass Equus h. -
Age Determination of the Mongolian Wild Ass (Equus Hemionus Pallas, 1775) by the Dentition Patterns and Annual Lines in the Tooth Cementum
Journal of Species Research 2(1):85-90, 2013 Age determination of the Mongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775) by the dentition patterns and annual lines in the tooth cementum Davaa Lkhagvasuren1,*, Hermann Ansorge2, Ravchig Samiya1, Renate Schafberg3, Anne Stubbe4 and Michael Stubbe4 1Department of Ecology, School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, PO-Box 377 Ulaanbaatar 210646 2Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Goerlitz, PF 300154 D-02806 Goerlitz, Germany 3Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Professur fuer Tierzucht, MLU, Museum für Haustierkunde, Julius Kuehn-ZNS der MLU, Domplatz 4, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany 4Institute of Zoology, Martin-Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany *Correspondent: [email protected] Based on 440 skulls recently collected from two areas of the wild ass population in Mongolia, the time course of tooth eruption and replacement was investigated. The dentition pattern allows identification of age up to five years. We also conclude that annual lines in the tooth cementum can be used to determine the age in years for wild asses older than five years after longitudinal tooth sections were made with a low- speed precision saw. The first upper incisor proved to be most suitable for age determination, although the starting time of cement deposition is different between the labial and lingual sides of the tooth. The accurate age of the wild ass can be determined from the number of annual lines and the time before the first forma- tion of the cementum at the respective side of the tooth. Keywords: age determination, annual lines, dentition, Equus hemionus, Mongolia, Mongolian wild ass, tooth cementum �2013 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.085 ence of poaching on the population size and population INTRODUCTION structure. -
Framing Contemporary U.S. Wild Horse and Burro Management Processes in a Dynamic Ecological, Sociological, and Political Environment
Human–Wildlife Interactions 12(1):31–45, Spring 2018 Synthesis Framing contemporary U.S. wild horse and burro management processes in a dynamic ecological, sociological, and political environment J. Dˎ˛ˎ˔ Sˌˊ˜˝ˊ, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA [email protected] Jˊˌ˘ˋ D. Hˎ˗˗˒ː, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Jˎˏˏ˛ˎˢ L. Bˎˌ˔, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Abstract: The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act (WFRHBA) of 1971 established all “unbranded or unclaimed” equids on U.S. public lands as “living symbols of the historic and pioneer spirit of the West.” Today, >72,000 feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) and burros (E. asinus; WHB) live on western U.S. public rangelands. The number of WHBs exceeds the Bureau of Land Management’s maximum Appropriate Management Level (AML) of 26,715 by a factor of approximately 2.7 and has nearly doubled from 2007–2015. The AML was set to balance WHB numbers with rangeland health and support other uses such as wildlife habitat and livestock grazing. Thus, public land management agencies must manage WHB under the multiple-use context. This becomes more problematic when WHB populations go largely unmanaged and excessive equid grazing negatively impacts rangeland vegetation, native wildlife, and livestock forage. In addition, approximately 46,000 WHBs exist in off -range holding facilities, further straining federal budgets. Contemporary management actions are being constrained by: (1) litigation that has stymied federal government WFRHBA enforcement eff orts, (2) public emotional concerns that lack reconciliation with the current situation, and (3) increasing complexity in the laws and subsequent amendments shaping WHB management policy. -
Reintroduction of Przewalski’S Horse (Equus Ferus Przewalskii)
Biological Conservation 177 (2014) 142–147 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Short communication Reintroduction of Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) in Xinjiang, China: The status and experience ⇑ Canjun Xia a, Jie Cao b, Hefan Zhang b, Xingyi Gao a, Weikang Yang a, , David Blank a a Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 818, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China b Wild Horse Breeding Centre, Jimsar 831700, Xinjiang, China article info abstract Article history: Przewalski’s horse reintroductions to Xinjiang, China were initiated in 1985. Here, we present the first Received 13 January 2014 data on population development and current problems of the Przewalski’s horse in both captive and Received in revised form 20 June 2014 released populations in Xinjiang. From 1985 to 2005, a total of 24 captive Przewalski’s horses (14 males Accepted 23 June 2014 and 10 females) were brought from western zoos to the Jimsar Wild Horse Breeding Center (WHBC) in Xinjiang. In 1988, the first foal was born. Since then, a total of 285 foals have been born and the number of animals in the captive population continues to increase. In August 2001, the first group of horses was Keywords: released into semi-wild conditions in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR). Released horses were allowed Asian wild horse to range freely from spring to fall, but were driven into a winter coral to allow for supplemental feeding Reintroduction Equus ferus przewalskii and to increase winter survival, and to reduce competition with domestic horses from local herdsmen China who use the KNR as winter pasture. -
Water Use of Asiatic Wild Asses in the Mongolian Gobi Petra Kaczensky University of Veterinary Medicine, [email protected]
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Halle-Wittenberg Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 2010 Water Use of Asiatic Wild Asses in the Mongolian Gobi Petra Kaczensky University of Veterinary Medicine, [email protected] V. Dresley University of Freiburg D. Vetter University of Freiburg H. Otgonbayar National University of Mongolia C. Walzer University of Veterinary Medicine Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Desert Ecology Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, and the Zoology Commons Kaczensky, Petra; Dresley, V.; Vetter, D.; Otgonbayar, H.; and Walzer, C., "Water Use of Asiatic Wild Asses in the Mongolian Gobi" (2010). Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298. 56. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Copyright 2010, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale). Used by permission. Erforsch. biol. Ress. Mongolei (Halle/Saale) 2010 (11): 291-298 Water use of Asiatic wild asses in the Mongolian Gobi P. Kaczensky, V. Dresley, D. Vetter, H. Otgonbayar & C. Walzer Abstract Water is a key resource for most large bodied mammals in the world’s arid areas. -
Late-Pleistocene Horse (Equus Sp.) from the Wilson-Leonard Archaeological Site, Central Texas
CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE PLEISTOCENE Vol. 19, 2002 Paleoenvironmental: Vertebrates Late-Pleistocene Horse (Equus sp.) from the Wilson-Leonard Archaeological Site, Central Texas Barry W. Baker, Michael B. Collins and C. Britt Bousman The Wilson-Leonard site (41WM235) near Austin represents one of the best preserved and dated, long-term archaeological sequences in the Southern Plains. Occupations are pre-Clovis through late-Prehistoric in age (Collins 1998; Collins et al. 1993). The site is located on Brushy Creek in Williamson County, on the eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau along an ecotone with the Black Prairie. The Wilson-Leonard site has received wide attention for the recovery a late-Paleoindian human female skeleton (Wilson Component), as well as for the generalized human diet inferred for the late-Pleistocene / early-Holocene transition (Bousman 1998). Extensive subsistence and environmental data have been reported, including a well preserved vertebrate faunal assemblage (Baker 1994, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c; Balinsky 1997, 1998; Decker 1998, and Winkler 1990). Within the faunal assemblage is a single horse bone (Equus sp.). Following the nomenclature of Driesch (1976:91) and Peters (1987), the bone is a complete left central tarsal (os tarsi centrale [navicular]. Archaeological provenience is as follows: Excavation square E28/S78; Level 39A&B; Stratigraphic Unit Isi/Icl. The central tarsal is not burned, and no cut marks or other forms of potential cultural modification were observed. This bone was recovered from an area of the site referred to as the Bone Bed Component. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) recovered the bone during 1982-1984 excavations at the site. -
Speciation with Gene Flow in Equids Despite Extensive Chromosomal Plasticity
Speciation with gene flow in equids despite extensive chromosomal plasticity Hákon Jónssona,1, Mikkel Schuberta,1, Andaine Seguin-Orlandoa,b,1, Aurélien Ginolhaca, Lillian Petersenb, Matteo Fumagallic,d, Anders Albrechtsene, Bent Petersenf, Thorfinn S. Korneliussena, Julia T. Vilstrupa, Teri Learg, Jennifer Leigh Mykag, Judith Lundquistg, Donald C. Millerh, Ahmed H. Alfarhani, Saleh A. Alquraishii, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheidi, Julia Stagegaardj, Günter Straussk, Mads Frost Bertelsenl, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontenf, Douglas F. Antczakh, Ernest Baileyg, Rasmus Nielsenc, Eske Willersleva, and Ludovic Orlandoa,2 aCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; bNational High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; cDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; dUCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; eThe Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; fCentre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; gMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; hBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; iZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; jRee Park, Ebeltoft Safari, DK-8400 Ebeltoft, Denmark; kTierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, 10319 Berlin, Germany; and lCentre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark Edited by Andrew G. Clark, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved October 27, 2014 (received for review July 3, 2014) Horses, asses, and zebras belong to a single genus, Equus,which Conservation of Nature. -
Multiple-Use Management of Western U.S. Rangelands: Wild Horses, Wildlife, and Livestock
Human–Wildlife Interactions 12(1):5–17, Spring 2018 Synthesis Multiple-use management of western U.S. rangelands: wild horses, wildlife, and livestock R˒ˌ˔ E. Dˊ˗˟˒˛, Basin Wildlife Consulting, 4251 Donegal, Casper, WY 82609, USA [email protected] Abstract: Since 1959, the U.S. Congress has legislated the treatment and management of wild horses (Equus ferus caballus) and burros (E. asinus; WHB). While the legislation has ensured WHB a place as western rangeland icons, subsequent congressional actions, in response to public lobbying, have limited federal managers’ ability to manage WHB populations under the U.S. public land multiple-use doctrine. Federal land managers tasked with managing for multiple and competing interests on public lands of the western United States must not only consider WHB habitat requirements, but also wildlife species diversity and livestock grazing. Developing multiple-use management strategies while fulfi lling other mandates will require balancing rather than maximizing a single resource use or user. Grazing by wild and domestic animals can modify plant community composition and structure, and overabundant populations negatively impact rangeland–watershed function and wildlife habitats. Negative eff ects on wildlife may include avoidance of water sources by wildlife, forage loss and altered plant communities, altered bird communities, and impacts to soils and insects. Eff ective management for riparian and rangeland health includes managing both the abundance and the distribution of large grazers. Unless large grazers (including WHB) are managed, range condition and wildlife habitat are at risk. While livestock can be moved and removed, and big game can be hunted, the management and removal of WHB populations continues to face strong public opposition. -
African Wild Ass the African Wild Ass Is Endangered
tion. Equus africanus is not listed on the CITES appendices, according to the Secretariat, simply African because nobody ever proposed it—even though it is classified as endangered in the IUCN's Red Data Book where the first proposed conservation measure listed is inclusion in Appendix I of the wild ass Convention on International Trade in Wild Bill Clark Species (sic) of Fauna and Flora. This proposal was published in 1976. While conservationists have been slow to propose protective measures for this rare equine, the international animal exploiters have also been stalled for the time being. The African wild ass The African wild ass is endangered. Its lives in an extremely remote and hostile habitat, habitat is a drought-stricken war zone; its in countries where the political situation is, at best, flesh is eaten and is believed to cure unstable. hepatitis; it is eagerly sought by dealers Two subspecies now exist, africanus, the Nubian and collectors. The author, Chief Curator wild ass, numbering perhaps 1500 animals in at Israel's Hai-Bar reserve, examines the southern Sudan, near the Red Sea coast (Watson problems hindering the conservation of et al, 1977), and somalicus, the Somali wild ass, of about 2000 animals living in the Ethiopian this animal and explains why it is urgently Danakil Desert and the Las 'Anod region of necessary to list it on Appendix I of the Somalia (Simonetta, 1982; Stephenson, 1976). Convention on International Trade in Formerly, the African wild ass inhabited most of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and North Africa, from the Atlas Mountains in the west Flora at its meeting in April 1983. -
Territorial Behaviour of Kiang (<I>Equus Kiang</I> Moorcroft
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Halle-Wittenberg Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 2007 Territorial Behaviour of Kiang (Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841) in Ladakh (India) Natalia V. Paklina Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, [email protected] Chris van Orden Enkhuizen, The Netherlands Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Paklina, Natalia V. and van Orden, Chris, "Territorial Behaviour of Kiang (Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841) in Ladakh (India)" (2007). Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298. 87. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol/87 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Copyright 2007, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale). Used by permission. Erforsch. biol. Ress. Mongolei (Halle/Saale) 2007 (10): 205-211 Territorial behaviour of kiang (Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841) in Ladakh (India) N.V. Paklina & C. van Orden Abstract The observations of kiang behaviour were made in Navokar valley northeast from Tso Kar Lake (Ladakh, India) between 30 July and 22 November 2001. -
Comparing the Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Mules and Hinnies to Horses and Donkeys
Comparing the physiological and biochemical parameters of mules and hinnies to horses and donkeys Amy K. McLean [North Carolina State University] Figure 1. Mules and hinnies comparing the commonalities and differences of these hybrids to their parents the donkey and horse. One of the most challenging things to do is distinguish a hinny from a mule based only on its appearance. Which is the mule and which is the hinny in this figure? Abstract: Mules and hinnies are hybrid offspring from donkeys (Equus asinus) and horses (Equus caballus). Little scientific information is known regarding mules and even less is known about hinnies the reciprocal cross. There have only been a few studies that have attempted to define commonalities and differences of these hybrids especially in terms of comparing and contrasting them to their sires and dams (donkeys and horses). This presentation will take a closer look at hinnies and mules from around the world and how they are used today as well as comparing both physiological and biochemical parameters of these unique creatures while addressing many of the fallacies and myths commonly associated with such equids with special attention being paid to hinnies. Recent studies conducted by the author and colleagues on comparing physiological, haematological, and biochemical parameters of both hinnies and mules from several countries will be shared in this review. In addition, interviews from both hinny and mule owners and breeders from Mexico, Colombia, US, Spain and Portugal will also be included in the presentation for a more comprehensive understanding of behaviour and training and how hinnies and mules are used today (Figure 1). -
The Scientific Name Equus Is Derived from the Latin Language and Means Horse
North Dakota Stratigraphy Equus ROCK ROCK UNIT COLUMN PERIOD EPOCH AGES MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO Common Name: Holocene Oahe .01 Ice Age horse Coleharbor Pleistocene QUATERNARY Classification: 1.8 Pliocene Unnamed 5 Miocene Class: Mammalia 25 Arikaree Order: Perissodactyla Family: Equidae Brule Oligocene 38 South Heart Chadron These Equus foot bones were found in McKenzie County in an Chalky Buttes Camels Butte Ice Age river channel by Chuck Monson on land administered by Eocene Golden 55 Valley Bear Den the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers within the Fort Berthold Reservation near New Town. Length 109 mm. Sentinel Butte TERTIARY Description: The scientific name Equus is derived from the Latin language and means horse. Horses have lived in North Dakota for at least 30 Bullion Paleocene Creek million years. The early horses, such as Mesohippus, where small animals about the size of sheep and had three toes on each foot. Slope They possessed low crowned teeth and were browsers. Equus Cannonball sp., similar to today’s horse, lived in North Dakota at the end of Ludlow the last Ice Age at least 50,000 years ago. They had one toe on 65 each foot and high crowned teeth adapted for eating grasses like Hell Creek today’s horse. Equus sp. ranged widely over North America at that the end of the Ice Age but became extinct in North America Fox Hills several thousand years ago. It is not known why they became extinct in North America. Horses were reintroduced into North ACEOUS America by the Spanish in the 1500s. Pierre CRET 84 Niobrara Carlile Carbonate Calcareous Shale Claystone/Shale Siltstone Sandstone Sand & Gravel Mudstone Lignite Glacial Drift The Ice Age horse, Equus.