Molecular Epidemiologic Investigation of an Anthrax Outbreak Among Heroin Users, Europe Erin P
Molecular Epidemiologic Investigation of an Anthrax Outbreak among Heroin Users, Europe Erin P. Price,1 Meagan L. Seymour, Derek S. Sarovich,1 Jennie Latham, Spenser R. Wolken, Joanne Mason, Gemma Vincent, Kevin P. Drees, Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Adam M. Phillippy, Sergey Koren, Richard T. Okinaka, Wai-Kwan Chung, James M. Schupp, David M. Wagner, Richard Vipond, Jeffrey T. Foster, Nicholas H. Bergman, James Burans, Talima Pearson, Tim Brooks, and Paul Keim In December 2009, two unusual cases of anthrax were in livestock, wildlife, and humans. Because of its hardy diagnosed in heroin users in Scotland. A subsequent anthrax spores, B. anthracis can survive for extended periods in the outbreak in heroin users emerged throughout Scotland and environment, a trait that likely contributed to the successful expanded into England and Germany, sparking concern global spread of this organism (1). The mostly dormant life of nefarious introduction of anthrax spores into the heroin cycle of B. anthracis and its relatively recent emergence as supply. To better understand the outbreak origin, we used a pathogen have resulted in a genome that is highly clonal, established genetic signatures that provided insights about strain origin. Next, we sequenced the whole genome of a with little genetic variation among even the most distantly representative Bacillus anthracis strain from a heroin user related strains (2–4). (Ba4599), developed Ba4599-specifi c single-nucleotide Anthrax is most commonly contracted by exposure polymorphism assays, and genotyped all available material to contaminated animal products, such as skins, wool, from other heroin users with anthrax. Of 34 case-patients with or meat; its symptoms vary in severity depending on the B.
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