Human Health in Areas with Industrial Contamination (Eng)

The WHO Regional Oce for Europe The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations created in 1948 with the primary responsibility for interna- tional health matters and public health. The WHO Regional Oce for Europe is one of six regional oces throughout the world, each with its own programme geared to the particular health conditions of the countries it serves. Member States Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Human Health Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria In recent years, increasing attention has been H UMAN Croatia focused on the health eects of large industrial Cyprus Czech Republic establishments. The aim of this book is to outline a H in Areas with Denmark framework for the integrated assessment of the Estonia eects of large industrial activities on health. The EALTH Finland France framework is supported by examples related to Industrial Contamination Georgia the eects on environment and health of the IN Germany petrochemical industry, based on the results of a A Greece REAS Hungary research project carried out in the Sicilian Region Iceland of Italy by the WHO European Centre for WITH Ireland Environment and Health. The Sicilian case studies Israel Italy provide a method for estimating the health eects I NDUSTRIAL Kazakhstan of petrochemical activities in highly contaminated Kyrgyzstan areas and an instrument for integrating health Latvia Lithuania impact assessment into the decision-making and Luxembourg inuencing rehabilitation plans. C Malta Monaco ONTAMINATION Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia and Montenegro ISBN 9789289050050 Slovakia EDITED BY Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Pierpaolo Mudu Tajikistan 9 789289 050050 > The former Yugoslav Benedetto Terracini Republic of Macedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Marco Martuzzi Ukraine United Kingdom World Health Organization Uzbekistan Regional Oce for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Tel.: +45 45 33 70 00 Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.euro.who.int Human Health in Areas with Industrial Contamination Edited by: Pierpaolo Mudu, Benedetto Terracini and Marco Martuzzi ABSTRACT In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the health implications of large industrial establishments. Studying human health in areas with industrial contamination is complex. The aim of this book is to outline a framework for integrated assessment of the impacts of large industrial activities. The framework is supported by examples related to the adverse effects on environment and health of petrochemical industries, based on the results of a research project carried out in Sicily, southern Italy, by the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The Sicilian case studies provide examples of methods for estimating the adverse effects on health of petrochemical activities in highly contaminated areas and for developing strategies and tools for integrating health considerations in the formulation of policies and rehabilitation plans. This book is intended to contribute to the analysis of high-risk areas, by providing a review of the evidence, study design options, legislation, and results on the adverse impacts on health of industrial activities. Keywords AIR POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OIL POLLUTION PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH SOCIAL JUSTICE ISBN: 978 9 289 05005 0 Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). Citation advice Mudu P, Terracini B, Martuzzi M, eds (2014). Human Health in Areas with Industrial Contamination. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. CONTENTS ABBREVIatIONS �� VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ��VIII CONTRIBUTORS ��IX FOREWORD ��XI EXECUTIVE SUmmaRY �� XII BACKGROUND 1. HUmaN HEALTH IN AREAS WITH INDUSTRIAL CONtamINatION ��2 Rationale �� 2 The Sicilian case �� 4 Phases of the project in Sicily �� 5 Methods �� 6 Working group �� 11 Communication strategy �� 12 Structure of the book �� 13 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2. CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENtaL ImpaCT OF PETROCHEMICALS �� 16 Introduction �� 16 Objectives �� 16 Methods �� 17 Results and discussion �� 17 Conclusions �� 42 Acknowledgements �� 44 USING ROUTINE DATA 3. ReVIEW OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ON THE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HEALTH OF RESIDENCE NEAR PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS �� 46 Introduction ��

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