DOCSLIB.ORG

THE PREHISTORY of the BASALT Desertj TRANSJORDAN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE PREHISTORYOF THE BASALT DESERTj TRANSJORDAN AN ANALYSIS Alison Venetia Graham Betts Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London University, Institute of Archaeology February 1986 I f Summary The content of this thesis is based on original fieldwork by the candidate in the Black Desertj the basalt region of eastern Jordan. Very little is known about the prehistoric sequence of occupation in the area. The thesis attempts to outline this sequence through analysis of the survey data, and compare it to existing information from the better documented areas of Palestine and Syria. The first chapter describes the environment of the study area, both at present and in history, and sets out the survey and sampling techniques used in the study. The second chapter gives a brief descript ion of the slender evidence for Lower and Middle Paleolithic in the region and the third chapter examines the evidence for the Epipaleolithic, comparing sites found on the survey with those from similar contexts and more contrasting ones in the fertile areas to the west. The fourth chapter covers fhe extensive evidence for aceramic Neolithic occupation and discusses the typelist adopted for the analysis. It describes the types of sites of this period, and includes detailed analyses of two excavated assemblages to demonstrate the special' character of the sites in the survey area. The fifth chapter continues the discussion into the later Neolithic when there is a significant change in subsistance strategies in the desert. Many sites and findspots have been recorded for this period. The nature of their chipped stone 2 industries and their distribution are examined and analysed, and contrasted with the evidence for this period from surrounding areas. The sixth chapter outlines the evidence for post-Neolithic occupation in the study area and elsewhere in the desert regions. It also presents the data for the chipped stone assemblage from Jawal an intrusive Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze industry, the Cananean, typical of Palestine and western Syria. The final chapter sums up the results of the work and presents conclusions. 3 Table of Contents Table of Contents 4 List of Figures 5 Frontisp iece 9 Acknowle dgements 10 Chapter I THE SURVEY AREA 17 Introduction 17 Research Background 19 22 Terminology .... 0 ........ 23 Modern Environment 0.0.00.. 8.90. 28 Ancient Environment 0000.060.9006 33 Sampling and Methodology 8 ... 0 ..... so. 40 Chapter 2 LOWERAND MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC . 069NO460,1064 42 Survey sites 0029S. S669498 49 Chapter 3 UPPER PALEOLITHIC AND EPIPALEOLITHIC ............ 32 1407 Khallat 'Anaza 99.0.00 0840.. 68 3114 Qa*a es-Subhi . 8900.00@4068 74 Discussion 68980066906.6 Chapter 4 PRE-POTTERYNEOLITHIC A/B 97 Typology 97 115 2202 Dhuweila ........ o .... 147 3133 Ibn el-Shazzi ............. 169 Survey sites ......... o ... 187 Discussion ....... o ..... 201 Chapter 5 "BURIN SITES* (LATE NEOLITHIC) ........... oo 202 2321 Jebel NaJa ........... o. 223 Survey sites .... 0 ........ 258 Discussion ............. 272 Chapter 6 CHALCOLITHIC AND EARLY BRONZEAGE ....... 0 ..... 272 Jawa ............. 287 Discussion ............. 300 Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS .... o ........ 314 Bibliogr aphy ........ oo ... 4 List of FiggEll 1.1 Near East: location of the lava belt (Black Desert) 13 1.2 Near East: modern political boundaries and the location of the study area 9460413 1.3 The Syrian Desert: main features of drainage and location of principal wells and oases ..... 14 1.4 The Black Desert: extent of lava and main features of drainage 1.5 The Black Desert, eastern Jordan: general survey areas 1.6 The Black Desert, eastern Jordani major zones of environmental diversity 2.1 The Black Desert, eastern Jordan: location of Middle Palealithic sites 45 2.2 Survey sites: artefacts ..... 46 2.3 Survey sitest artefacts ..... 2.4 Survey sites: artefacts ..... 47 3.1 The Black Desert, eastern Jordan: location of major Epipaleoloithic sites ..... 48 3.2 Khallat 'Anaza 1407: site plan 0.96051 3.3 1407: relative proportions of excavated 54 debitage types ..... 55 3.4 1407: absolute and average dimensions of cares . @, 57 3.5 1407: relative proportions of tool types ..... 3.6 1407: width distribution in flakes and blade/bladelets e***59 3.7 1407: relative proportions of Helwan and 60 other lunates ..... 61 3.8 1407: relative frequencies of lunate lengths ..... 63 3.9 1407: debitage ..... 65 3.10 1407: tools ..... 67 3.11 1407: tools ..... 69 3.12 3114: relative proprtions of tool types .. *.. 71 3.13 3114: tools ..... 73 3.14 3114: tools ..... 3.15 1611: debitage 8888689 3.16 Survey sites: debitage .. 80.91 3.17 1623: tools 0.00093 3.18 Survey sitest tools ses.. 95 4.1 Black Desertl eastern Jordan: location of major Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites ..... 96 4.2 Neolithic tools: schematic typology ... 4.99 4.3 2202: absolute T/W ratios and schematic representation of Type 5 arrows (excavated) .... 104 4.4 Dhuweila 2202i site plan .... 114 116 4.5 2202: rock carvings .... 4.6 2202: absolute proportions of excavated debitage 119 groups :. ' * 4.7 2202: analysis of 100 flakes and 100 blades . 120 4.8 2202: absolute and average dimensions of excavated cores and blanks .... 123 5 4.9 2202: absolute and average dimensions of excavated burins 124 arrows and .... tool 4.10 2202: absolute proportions of major groups .... 124 4.11 2202: absolute proportions of tool groups .. 0.131 133 4.12 2202: debitage e. 135 4.13 2202: tools ... 4.14 2202: tools .... 137 4.15 2202: tools eo. *139 tools 141 4.16 2202: .... 4.17 PPNB incised flint 145 sites: cortex .... 4.18 Ibn 3133: 146 el-Ghazzi site plan .... 4.19 3133: absolute proportions of excavated debitage 148 groups .... 3133: 100 149 4.20 analysis of flakes and 100 blades .... 4.21 3133: absolute and average dimensions of excavated blanks cores and . 060150 4.22 3133: absolute and average dimensions of excavated arrows and burins 668.151 4.23 3133: 152 absolute proportions of major tool groups .... 4.24 3133: 157 absolute proportions of tool groups .... 4.25 3133: debitage 160 .... 4.26 3133: tools 162 .... 4.27 3133: tools 164 .... 4.28 3133: tools 166 .... 4.29 3133: tools 168 .... 4.30 Survey 176 sites: debitage .... 4.31 Survey 178 sites: tools .... 4.32 Survey ISO sites: tools .... 4.33 Survey 182 sites: tools .... 4.34 "kites*: tools 184 .... 4.35 "kites": 186 tools .... 4.36 Black Desert: general distribution of *kites' 4.37 Black Desertl eastern Jordan: location of 190 surveyed "kites" a ... 5.1a Black Desertv eastern Jordan: location of major "burin 200 sites" .... 200 5.1b Near East: location of "burin sites" .... 5.2 2321: absolute proportions of excavated debitage 203 groups .... 5.3 2321: flakes 100 206 analysis of 100 and blades .... 5.4 2321: absolute and average dimensions of cores, blanks 207 and burins .... 207 5.5 2321: absolute proportions of major tool groups .... * 211 5.6 2321: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 5.7 2321: absolute proportions of burin types .... 211 212 5.8 Ibn el-Shazzi 2321: site plan .... 5.9 2321: debitage .... 214 216 5.10 2321: tools .... 5.11 2321: tools .... 218 220 5.12 2321: tools .... 222 5.13 2321: tools ..,. 5.14 1601: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 224 5.15 1601: absolute and average dimensions of concave truncation 225 burins .... 5.16 1630: tool 227 absolute proportions of groups .... 6 5.17 1630: absolute and average dimensions of concave truncation burins .... 228 5.18 1636: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 230 5.19 1636: absolute and average dimensions of concave truncation burins .... 231 5.20 2303: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 233 5.21 2303: absolute and average dimensions of concave truncation burins .... 234 236 5.22 2308: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 5.23 2308: absolute and average dimensions of concave 237 truncation burins .... 5.24 2329: general site plan .... 238 240 5.25 2329: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 5.26 2329: absolute and average dimensions of concave 241 truncation burins .... 243 5.27 2321: absolute proportions of tool groups .... 5.28 2331: absolute and average dimensions of concave 244 truncation burins .... 5.29 Survey burin sites: absolute proportions of major tool groups .... 246 5.30 Neolithic sites: relative proportions of major tool groups (log) .... 247 5.31 Survey burin sites: relativ e proportions of , 248 major tool groups (log) .... 5.32 Relative proportions of major tool groups from 248 survey sites with >99 tools .... 248 5.33 2321: relative proportions of major tool types .... 5.34 Non-survey burin sites: absolute totals of major 249 tool groups .... 251 5.35 Survey sites: tools .... 253 5.36 Survey sites: tools .... 255 5.37 Survey sites: tools .... 257 5.38 Survey sites: tools .... 6.1 Black desert, eastern Jordan: location of major 271 Chalcolithic/EB sites :. ' 0 * 275 6.2 Jawa: schematic typology . 280 6.3 Jawa: tools .... 282 6.4 Jawa: tools .... 2B4 6.5 Jawa: tools .... 286 6.6 Jawa: tools .... 295 6.7 Survey sites: tools .... 7.1 Black Desert, eastern Jordan: location of Middle Paleolithic sites .... 309 7.2 Black Desert, eastern Jordan: location of Epipaleolithic sites 310 7.3 Black Desert, eastern Jordan: location of ppNB sites 7.4 Black Desertj eastern Jordan: location of 312 mburin siteso ... 7.5 Black Desertq easter n Jordan: location of Chalcolithic/EB sites . m.. 313 7 "On the way there we met neither man nor beast for the country was undulating hgECjj a black waste of flints with no sign of life. A flint pierced the oil container of the American baggage car, but we were able to hammer it down and solder it satisfactorily with a fig. " Agnes Horsfield (1943) Journey to Kilwa, Transjordan The Geographical Journal CII/2 a NASA Skylab: The Azraq Basin 9 Acknowledgements The Black Desert Surveyl the project on which this thesis is based, began in 1979 and between then and completion of the text, a great number of people and Institutions have given all kinds of help, assistance and co-operation.
Recommended publications
  • The Late Neolithic Colonization of the Eastern Badia of Jordan

    The Late Neolithic Colonization of the Eastern Badia of Jordan

    The Late Neolithic colonization of the Eastern Badia of Jordan 1 Gary Rollefson1, Yorke Rowan2 and Alexander Wasse Pioneering research by Betts and by Garrard in the eastern steppe and desert of Jordan demonstrated the presence of Late Neolithic (c. 7000–5000 cal BC) pastoral exploitation of this currently arid/hyper-arid region, but the scale of Late Neolithic presence in the area was difficult to assess from the reports of their surveys and excavations. Recent investigations by the Eastern Badia Archaeological Project at Wisad Pools and the Wadi al-Qattafi in the Black Desert have shown that conditions during the latter half of the 7th millennium and into the 6th, permitted substantial numbers of pastoralists to occupy substantial dwellings recurrently, in virtual village settings, for considerable amounts of time on a seasonal basis, relying heavily on the hunting of wild animals and perhaps practising opportunistic agriculture in addition to herding caprines. Keywords Late Neolithic, pastoralism, architecture, palaeoclimate, caprines Introduction The combination of high demands for farmland and The middle of the 8th millennium in the southern pasturage on unstable resources resulted in drastically Levant witnessed considerable turmoil: substantial reduced populations at some of the sites (e.g. ‘Ain 2numbers of Middle PPNB settlements in the Jordan Ghazal and Wadi Shu’eib) and the outright abandon- Valley and areas to the west were abandoned, and ment of other population centres. With population large numbers of people migrated to
  • Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1

    Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1

    Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3.
  • Aurignacian Ethno-Linguistic Geography of Europe Revealed by Personal Ornaments

    Aurignacian Ethno-Linguistic Geography of Europe Revealed by Personal Ornaments

    Journal of Archaeological Science 33 (2006) 1105e1128 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Aurignacian ethno-linguistic geography of Europe revealed by personal ornaments Marian Vanhaeren a,b,*, Francesco d’Errico c,d a UMR 7041 CNRS, Arche´ologies et Sciences de l’Antiquite´, Ethnologie pre´historique, Universite´ Paris X, 21 alle´e de l’universite´, F-92023 Nanterre, France b AHRC Centre for the Evolutionary Analysis of Cultural Behaviour, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31e34 Gordon Square, London WC1H OPY, UK c UMR 5808 CNRS, Institut de Pre´histoire et de Ge´ologie du Quaternaire, Universite´ Bordeaux I, Avenue des Faculte´s, F-33405 Talence, France d Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, 2110 G Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA Received 7 April 2005; received in revised form 9 November 2005; accepted 28 November 2005 Abstract Our knowledge of the migration routes of the first anatomically modern populations colonising the European territory at the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic, of their degree of biological, linguistic, and cultural diversity, and of the nature of their contacts with local Nean- derthals, is still vague. Ethnographic studies indicate that of the different components of the material culture that survive in the archaeological record, personal ornaments are among those that best reflect the ethno-linguistic diversity of human groups. The ethnic dimension of bead- work is conveyed through the use of distinct bead types as well as by particular combinations and arrangements on the body of bead types shared with one or more neighbouring groups. One would expect these variants to leave detectable traces in the archaeological record.
  • Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia

    Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia

    Asouti, Eleni, and Dorian Q Fuller. A Contextual Approach to the Emergence of Agriculture in Southwest Asia: Reconstructing Early Neolithic Plant-Food Production. Supplement A: Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia. Current Anthropology 54(3). Supplement A: Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia We have assembled in this supplement the primary sources of archaeobotanical datasets retrieved from sites in Southwest Asia (Part 1) and the radiocarbon dates by which these sites have been assigned calendrical ages (Part 2). Part 3 presents the radiocarbon dates for early PPN sites that, to date, have not produced relevant published archaeobotanical assemblages. Part 1: Sites with Published Archaeobotanical Datasets For general overviews see Asouti and Fuller (2012), Charles (2007), Colledge and Conolly (2007), Colledge, Conolly, and Shennan (2004), Fuller et al. (2012), Garrard (1999), Willcox (1999, 2007) and Zohary, Hopf, and Weiss (2012). Sources for individual sites are indicated below, listed alphabetically by site name, followed by a short assessment of plant domestication status for all sites listed in Tables 3-4, and a list of bibliographic references. 1A. Archaeobotanical primary data sources Abdul Hosein, Tepe Iran Hubbard 1990. ‘Abr, Tell Syria Willcox et al. 2009, Willcox et al. 2008. Abu Hureyra, Tell Syria Colledge and Conolly 2010; Hillman 2000; Hillman et al. 1989; Hillman et al. 2001; de Moulins 1997, 2000. ‘Ain Ghazal Jordan Rollefson et al. 1985. Ali Kosh Iran Helbaek 1969. Aşıklı Höyük Turkey van Zeist and de Roller 1995. Aswad, Tell Syria van Zeist and Bakker-Heeres 1985 [1982]. Ayios Epiktitos Vrysi Cyprus Kyllo 1982.
  • Astrobio Novel 5 Firstedition Hir

    Astrobio Novel 5 Firstedition Hir

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Issue #5 Produced by the NASA Astrobiology Program to commemorate 50 years of Exobiology and Astrobiology at NASA. www.nasa.gov PB 1 Astrobiology A History of Exobiology and Astrobiology at NASA This is the story of life in the Universe—or at least the story as we know it so far. As scientists, we strive to understand the environment in which we live and how life re- lates to this environment. As astrobiologists, we study an environment that includes not just the Earth, but the entire Universe in which we live. The year 2010 marked 50 years of Exobiology and Astrobiology research at the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). To celebrate, the Astrobiology Program commissioned this graphic history. It tells the story of some of the most important people and events that have shaped the science of Exobiology and Astro- biology. At just over 50 years old, this field is relatively young. However, as you will see, the questions that astrobiologists are trying to answer are as old as humankind. Concept & Story Mary Voytek Linda Billings Aaron L. Gronstal Artwork Aaron L. Gronstal Script Aaron L. Gronstal Editor Linda Billings Layout Aaron L. Gronstal Copyright 2015, NASA Astrobiology Program First edition printed in 2015 Issue #5—Astrobiology and the Earth The year 2010 marked the 50th anniversary of NASA’s Exobiology Program, estab- lished in 1960 and expanded into a broader Astrobiology Program in the 1990s. To commemorate the past half century of research, we are telling the story of how this field developed and how the search for life elsewhere became a key compo- nent of NASA’s science strategy for exploring space.
  • Al-Wadi Al-Jaded (New Valley) Farafra Oasis White Desert

    Al-Wadi Al-Jaded (New Valley) Farafra Oasis White Desert

    Al-Wadi Al-Jaded (New Valley) West of the Nile is the beautiful Western Desert. Not completely free of life though, there are several pockets of life and vegetation in the middle of this wasteland. The area was named by Jamal Abdul Nasser in 1958 when he initiated a project to cultivate the Western Desert and have people move there to reduce the pressure on the Nile valley. It remains to this day the largest governorate in Egypt and the least populated. Farafra Oasis South from Bahariya Oasis, the road to Farafra Oasis is not a disappointment. The landscape dramatically changes from the unearthly volcanic mounds of the Black Desert to the snow-like ergs and mushroom formations of the White Desert. White desert The White Desert between Farafra and Bahariya Oases, Western Desert The White Desert covers an area of 300 km2, and it is important to be seen on any desert safari. At its entrance there’s Crystal Mountain, a ridge that is entirely composed of quartz crystals. Another attraction in Farafra is the Jara Cave with its 9,000 year old drawings, a massive cave that contains prehistoric rock art. Most of the engravings depict big Game hunts and everyday life. It was discovered by Gerhard Rolfs in 1873, only to be forgotten and rediscovered again by Carlo Bergmann in 1991. Other attractions include Badr Museum, a showcase for traditional oasis life; Qasr Al-Farafra, Farafra is only town with its mud-brick houses and Roman fortress; and the Bir Sitta Hot Springs. Dakhla Oasis About 250km southeast of Farafra is Dakhla Oasis.
  • Mushash 163: a Site of the 9Th Millennium BCE in the Jordanian Badia

    Mushash 163: a Site of the 9Th Millennium BCE in the Jordanian Badia

    Field Report Mushash 163: A Site of the 9th Millennium BCE in the Jordanian Badia. Results From the Investigations in 2016 and 2017 Karin Bartl The Neolithic site of Mushash 163 is located in the known in the north-western Badia, but it has been evi- north-western part of the Jordanian desert steppe denced for example at Wadi Jilat, about 40 km south of (badia) and about 40 km east of Amman (Fig. 1). It was Mushash 163 (Garrard et al. 1994). discovered during a survey in the surroundings of the The area surrounding Mushash 163 lacks perennial Islamic site of Qasr Mushash in 2012. Further archaeo- watercourses and springs. The only drainage today logical investigations followed between 2014 and 2017. comes from winter precipitation that briefly causes The aim of the work was to determine the stratigraphic flash floods in wadis and depressions, but that also sequence, as well as to obtain information about the collects in ground water reservoirs. Exploitation of the built structures of this 0.25 ha large settlement. area’s high groundwater table has until the present day The collected surface finds from the 2012 survey therefore been a traditional way of getting access to the pointed to the site’s occupation between the Early and water in this region. Late Neolithic Period, i.e. between the 10th/9th and the Today the area’s landscape is that of a desert steppe 7th/6th millennium BCE. The former period is not well- deprived of its former vegetation. Its overexploitation Fig. 1 Sites mentioned in the text.
  • Constructing God's Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation

    Constructing God's Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation

    Constructing God’s Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation in Bilad al-Sham, 640-743 CE Nissim Lebovits Senior Honors Thesis in the Department of History Vanderbilt University 20 April 2020 Contents Maps 2 Note on Conventions 6 Acknowledgements 8 Chronology 9 Glossary 10 Introduction 12 Chapter One 21 Chapter Two 45 Chapter Three 74 Chapter Four 92 ​ Conclusion 116 Figures 121 Works Cited 191 1 Maps Map 1: Bilad al-Sham, ca. 9th Century CE. “Map of Islamic Syria and its Provinces”, last modified 27 December 2013, accessed April 19, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham#/media/File:Syria_in_the_9th_century.svg. ​ ​ 2 Map 2: Umayyad Bilad al-Sham, early 8th century CE. Khaled Yahya Blankinship, The End of the ​ Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany: ​ State University of New York Press, 1994), 240. 3 Map 3: The approximate borders of the eastern portion of the Umayyad caliphate, ca. 724 CE. Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State, 238. ​ 4 Map 4: Ghassanid buildings and inscriptions in Bilad al-Sham prior to the Muslim conquest. Heinz Gaube, “The Syrian desert castles: some economic and political perspectives on their genesis,” trans. Goldbloom, in The ​ Articulation of Early Islamic State Structures, ed. Fred Donner (Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2012) ​ 352. 5 Note on Conventions Because this thesis addresses itself to a non-specialist audience, certain accommodations have been made. Dates are based on the Julian, rather than Islamic, calendar. All dates referenced are in the Common Era (CE) unless otherwise specified. Transliteration follows the system of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES), including the recommended ​ ​ ​ ​ exceptions.
  • Original Research Paper the Origins of Nomadic Pastoralism in the Eastern Jordanian Steppe

    Original Research Paper the Origins of Nomadic Pastoralism in the Eastern Jordanian Steppe

    Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;Miller et al The Origins of Nomadic Pastoralism.docx Original Research Paper The origins of nomadic pastoralism in the eastern Jordanian steppe: a combined stable isotope and chipped stone assessment Holly Miller1, Douglas Baird2, Jessica Pearson2, Angela L. Lamb3, Matt Grove2, Louise Martin4 and Andrew Garrard4. The circumstances in which domestic animals were first introduced to the arid regions of the Southern Levant and the origins of nomadic pastoralism, have been the subject of considerable debate. Nomadic pastoralism was a novel herd management practice with implications for the economic, social and cultural development of Neolithic communities inhabiting steppe and early village environs. Combining faunal stable isotope and chipped stone analysis from the Eastern Jordanian Neolithic steppic sites of Wadi Jilat 13 and 25, and ‘Ain Ghazal in the Mediterranean agricultural zone of the Levantine Corridor, we provide a unique picture of the groups exploiting the arid areas. Key words Neolithic; stable isotopes; nomadic pastoralism; lithic analysis; fauna. Introduction Some of the earliest evidence for domestic sheep and goats herds in the Eastern Jordanian steppe has been recovered from the sites of Wadi Jilat 13 and 25 at the beginning of the seventh millennium cal. BC (Garrard 1998; Garrard et al. 1994b; Martin 1999; Martin and Edwards 2013), although the possibility of their introduction in the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (henceforth LPPNB) 1 Holly Miller (corresponding author) Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. email: [email protected], telephone: +44 (0)115 951 4813, ORCHiD: 0000-0002- 0394-9444 2 Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Geologic Map of Colorado National Monument and Adjacent Areas, Mesa County, Colorado

    Geologic Map of Colorado National Monument and Adjacent Areas, Mesa County, Colorado

    Geologic Map of Colorado National Monument and Adjacent Areas, Mesa County, Colorado By Robert B. Scott,1 Anne E. Harding,1 William C. Hood,2 Rex D. Cole,3 Richard F. Livaccari,3 James B. Johnson,3 Ralph R. Shroba,1 and Robert P. Dickerson 1 Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Colorado National Monument Assoc iation Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series 1-2740 2001 1U .S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225 2515 Dove Court, Grand Junction, CO 81503 3Department of Physical and Envi ronmental Sciences, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO 81502 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey '"' ___ -·- . ' . -·~ ~-·-·- - .... ~ ~ . .,_ . .. _.. --- . - .... ~ . .. ... _... Contents ~~.fst~t:.~.r.~ ....::ff-1@;;.·~~~/'-~~tiL'·;-~:C' ... _;-;<f;:~~t~~~ .. !t.;.'!'J.~t:~..,.l'... ~..... -;;.~ ........."" ·. .. ·,.--..,¢ ~· :~ ~· ·'f,.v~~ ....... ,~:;~..,~---.A:~*' Description of map units................................................................ .......................................... .......... ...................................................... 1 Introdu ction ... ..... ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .... ........ ... ... ........ .... .... .. ............ ... .... ... .............. .. ... ..... .. .......... ..... ........... ... ..... ...... ... .. ... .... ... .... .... ............ 1 Surfi cial un its .. ... .. ........ ........... .... ....... ...... ........................ ... ... .... .. .. ........ .. .... .... .. ... ....... .. ... .... .. ...... .. .. ... .. ....... .....
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia

    Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia

    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
  • The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by Jacques Cauvin, Translated by Trevor Watkins (New Studies in Archaeology)

    The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by Jacques Cauvin, Translated by Trevor Watkins (New Studies in Archaeology)

    Review of The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by Jacques Cauvin, translated by Trevor Watkins (New Studies in Archaeology). The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Cauvin, Jacques, Ian Hodder, Gary O. Rollefson, Ofer Bar-Yosef, and Trevor Watkins. 2001. Review of The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by Jacques Cauvin, Translated by Trevor Watkins (New Studies in Archaeology). Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11, no. 01: 105-121. Published Version doi:10.1017/S0959774301000063 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12220716 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Cambridge Archaeological Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/CAJ Additional services for Cambridge Archaeological Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by Jacques Cauvin, translated by Trevor Watkins (New Studies in Archaeology.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000; ISBN 0-521-65135-2 hardback £37.50 & \$59.95 Reviewed by Ian Hodder, Gary O. Rollefson, Ofer Bar-Yosef with a response by Trevor Watkins Jacques Cauvin, Ian Hodder, Gary O. Rollefson, Ofer Bar-Yosef and Trevor Watkins Cambridge Archaeological Journal / Volume 11 / Issue 01 / April 2001, pp 105 - 121 DOI: 10.1017/S0959774301000063, Published online: 05 September 2001 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0959774301000063 How to cite this article: Jacques Cauvin, Ian Hodder, Gary O.