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Comportements D'abeilles Colletidae (Hymenoptera)

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Comportements D'abeilles Colletidae (Hymenoptera) © Entomofauna Ansfelden/München, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Monographie 2: vii + 181 Seiten ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. September 2012 Comportements d’Abeilles Colletidae (Hymenoptera) Les genres Hylaeus, Chilicola, Colletes, Pasiphae, Policana, Cadeguala, Caupolicana, Lonchopria et Diphaglossa Hippolyte JANVIER Historical reprint of the manuscript of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Edited with annotations by Holger H. DATHE, Michael KUHLMANN & Claire VILLEMANT © Entomofauna Ansfelden/München, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Address of the editors: Prof. Dr. Holger H. DATHE Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut Eberswalder Straße 90 15374 Müncheberg Deutschland [email protected] Dr. Michael KUHLMANN Department of Entomology The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD, UK [email protected] Dr. Claire VILLEMANT Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle UMR7205 MNHN-CNRS CP50, Entomologie 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris France [email protected] Cover: Hylaeus variegatus F., female; photo by Manfred BLÖSCH (Erlangen), with kind permission. Nest of Hylaeus cornutus Curtis; see Fig. 25 Druck, Eigentümer, Herausgeber, Verleger und für den Inhalt verantwortlich: Maximilian SCHWARZ, Konsulent f. Wissenschaft der Oberösterreichischen Landesregierung, Eibenweg 6, A-4052 Ansfelden, E-Mail: [email protected]. Redaktion: a) Deutschland: Erich DILLER, ZSM, Münchhausenstraße 21, D-81247 München; Roland GERSTMEIER, Lehrstuhl f. Tierökologie, H.-C.-v.-Carlowitz-Pl. 2, D-85350 Freising; Wolfgang SPEIDEL, MWM, Tengstraße 33, D-80796 München; Thomas WITT, Tengstraße 33, D-80796 München. Redaktion: b) Österreich: Fritz GUSENLEITNER, Lungitzerstr. 51, A-4222 St. Georgen/Gusen; Redaktionsanschrift c/o Fritz Gusenleitner, Lungitzerstr. 51, 4222 St. Georgen/Gusen, Austria, E-Mail: [email protected]. Schriftentausch: c/o Museum Witt, Tengstr. 33, 80796 München, Deutschland, E-Mail: [email protected]. ii © Entomofauna Ansfelden/München, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at © Revista Chilena Entomologia. With kind permission. Preface by the editors The present work is historic in two ways: It was created some time ago, and it has a unique significance, despite its age. Hippolyte Janvier (1892-1986) had summarized his "Comportements d'Abeilles Colletidae" in 1979, in a manuscript of 344 pages containing an account of his long-term studies in apidology. He mentioned the work in an autobiographical sketch in Sphecos 1 (October 1979). His records indicate that the data go back to the twenties of the 20th Century. Janvier had worked in France, especially in the regions of Toulouse and Poitou-Charentes in western France, and in Spain and Portugal. Important in their own right are observations and collections made in South America, especially Chile. The extensive documentation of his studies was not made available in one of the usual published forms, but he did issue as private edition, a “Reprographie du mémoire original”. The fourth copy (30 are said to have been printed) was received in 1987 with his legacy at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris (MNHN). This copy served as the template for the present edition. The most amazing thing is that everyone who works on this subject either knows about this text, or should know about it, although it was never really published. Further large scale studies ("Comportement des Crabroniens", in two volumes in 1977 and "Larves d'Hyménoptères nidifiants solitaires", 1979) were treated similarly by Janvier. Our initial idea was to make this extraordinary work available and exploitable for a broader public. Over several decades Janvier had collected a large amount of bionomic data that exist nowhere else. Such data are needed primarily for nature conservation and ecological studies. While some limited data are already available, no other comprehensive comparison exists, and Janvier’s data should be published to ensure that they are on permanent record. How reliable these data are, can only be tested by further investigation, but they would seem to represent a valuable foundation. We have presented the original work in a form that could be called a "historic reprint". A special role is played by the numerous ink drawings, whose precision and woodcut-like style are almost a trademark of Janvier. iii © Entomofauna Ansfelden/München, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Our approach required the retention of the original content of the private edition as far as possible, leaving the reader to adopt the necessary critical distance that the passage of time has made necessary. The editors could not check everything, so – regarding all sorts of details – maintenance of critical distance is appropriate. Would it not therefore be delightful if someone were inspired by Janvier’s work to repeat these studies in a critical way? Our goal nevertheless required the building of a bridge to the current state of knowledge. Above all, we wanted to provide adequate access to the current names of the taxa. This often involved more than just nomenclatural problems. As the Janvier Collection is preserved in Paris, we were able to examine some of Janvier’s specimens and try to determine what he really had before him. This proved to be difficult in practice, because the attribution of specimens in the collection to specific figures could not be established. The original systematic order and labelling are only very roughly retained, as is not uncommon in the personal collection of a naturalist. The locality and name labels served mainly as reminders for the uninitiated. Janvier was an observer, who did not work as would a systematic taxonomist, although from his collection can be seen that he made quite an effort to stay abreast of the taxonomic knowledge of his time. The specimens were arranged systematically, perhaps by the owner (87th birthday in 1979), but seem later to have been partly rearranged, perhaps during the handover to the museum. Misidentifications are barely distinguishable from cases of incorrect arranging. Some specimens in Janvier's boxes have a reference number that surely refers to a catalogue, but nobody knows whether this catalogue was bequeathed with the collection. Thus, it is impossible to say on which specimens Janvier based his observations, while the locality remains unknown. At present we can often only express informed opinions about these. In the Paris Museum many of his preserved nests are present, but it would only with great difficulty be possible to access and inventory them. They are not covered in the present work. We add our comments, presented so that they are clearly distinguished from the text of the original manuscript. Holger Dathe edited Hylaeus, Michael Kuhlmann Colletes and the remaining exotic species. Viewed formally, the original manuscript also proved to be exceptional. Claire Villemant undertook the sophisticated proofreading and created a linguistically consistent text, without altering its original character. Only formal errors were corrected, not the substance of any statements. The reader will find the views of Hippolyte Janvier expressed, not those of the editors. For encouraging us to start this project and diverse support in its realization, thanks are due especially to Mr. Maximilian Schwarz (Ansfelden). In the name of the directorate of the MNHN, Prof. Dr. Thierry Bourgoin kindly gave us permission to conduct the work. Mrs. Agnièle Touret-Alby, collection manager in the MNHN in Paris, helped us to study the collection of H. Janvier. Mr. José E. Mondaca, Sochient Sociedad Chilena Entomologia, allowed friendly the public- ation of the portrait photo. Prof. Dr. Dr.h.c. Bernhard Klausnitzer (Dresden) guided the project with valuable advice. Mr. Andrew D. Liston (Müncheberg) supported us as a native-speaker in preparing the final drafts of passages in English. We sincerely thank all of them. Préface par l'éditeurs Le présent travail est historique à deux points de vue : publié il y a plusieurs décennies, il demeure à ce jour unique en son genre. Hippolyte Janvier (1892-1986) a achevé son ouvrage "Comportements d'Abeilles Colletidae" en 1979 ; ce manuscrit de 344 pages fait la synthèse des multiples observations qu’il a accumulées sur la biologie des abeilles au cours d’une grande partie de sa vie. Janvier avait mentionné ce travail dans une esquisse autobiographique publiée dans le premier volume de Sphecos (Octobre 1979), rappelant que ses recherches en apidologie avaient débuté au cours des années 1920. Il a poursuivi celles-ci en France, principalement à Toulouse et en Poitou-Charentes, ainsi qu’en Espagne et au Portugal. Mais ses premières observations et collectes réalisées en Amérique du sud, au Chili notamment, sont aussi d’un grand intérêt. Les volumineuses données tirées de ses études sur les abeilles n’ont pas été publiées dans une revue scientifique mais à compte d’auteur sous forme de “Reprographie du mémoire original”. La quatrième copie (parmi les 30 sensées avoir été publiées) faisait partie du legs déposé en 1987 au Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Cette copie a servi de modèle à la présente édition. Le plus étonnant est que toute personne qui travaille sur les abeilles connaît ce texte, ou du moins en a eu connaissance même s’il n’a jamais été publié à grande échelle. D’autres ouvrages sur d’aussi vastes sujets ("Comportement des Crabroniens", deux volumes, 1977, et "Larves d'Hyménoptères nidifiants solitaires", 1979) ont
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