Vice James B. Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership

Spring 2016 Empowering Leaders to Make Courageous Ethical Decisions

Inside this issue:

The McCain Conference examines civil-military relations. Taking Stock Ethicist challenges mids to fight the good fight.

The Stockdale Center hosts the third annual Military Ethics Case Competition. McCain Conference Assesses Civil-Military Relations Mids practice applying by MIDN Richard Kuzma international law at of the (CJCS). how civil-military relations affected conference. Before his remarks, he talked with the failures of America’s recent wars small groups of midshipmen, in the Middle East. He argued a CEO talks about moral offering an unparalleled look lack of effective discourse exists courage in the face of inside the -Pentagon between senior military and civilian adversity at the Honor, interaction. In his speech, officials on key issues and asserted Courage, Commitment Pace directed his remarks to that the failure of civilian-military luncheon. midshipmen, focusing on the elite interaction causes defective responsibilities of the profession policy in the Middle East. Many of Col. Art Athens shares of arms within the civil-military the elites, he said, perpetuate a false General Pace, USMC (Ret.) ad- what he learned about dressed the audience sphere. He asserted military “no coup, no problem” storyline in teamwork and gratitude advisors have a responsibility to civil-military affairs because they from a remarkable As any USNA graduate can tell share their professional opinions stand to benefit from it in some League pitcher. you, the life of a with civilian leaders in ways that way. He argued that the national is filled with struggle against will be effectively heard. He added security apparatus has excluded authority. Though my classmates that giving truthful advice, even the American people, creating a and I have become well-versed if you do not know the answer, dangerous separation between in artful dissent, we rarely have should always trump winning decision makers and the voters to Mark your calendar the opportunity to consider what an argument. whom they are accountable. for these upcoming dissent means in the context of a civilian-controlled military. General Pace then considered Other prominent speakers included: events: personal morality. As CJCS, he had Dr. Eliot Cohen, Johns Hopkins The next class of ensigns and 2nd vowed never to leave a meeting if University’s School of Advanced 6 October 2016 lieutenants must negotiate the he had a “gut feeling” that there International Studies; Mr. Peter VADM William P. Lawrence omnipresent social media in a was something left unsaid and often Feaver, Duke University; Mr. James Ethics Essay Award Dinner/ polarizing presidential election. spoke up even if the topic was Fallows, national correspondent Larson Award Fittingly, the 2016 McCain “outside of his lane.” In addition, for The Atlantic; Dr. Kathleen Conference, hosted by the VADM he noted military officers have a Hicks, Center for Strategic and 17-18 October 2016 Stockdale Center for Ethical responsibility to disobey illegal International Studies; MG Charlie Cyber Conference Leadership, focused on “The or immoral orders and accept the Dunlap, Duke University; Mr. Phil Status and Future of Civil- consequences of dissent. Carter, Center for a New American 7 November 2016 Military Relations.” Security; and Dr. Martin Cook, Moral Courage Lecture Dr. Andrew Bacevich, historian U.S. Naval War College. The The conference opened with and author of America’s War for conference also had a number of keynote speaker General Peter Pace, the Greater Middle East, closed the informative and insightful panels. USMC (Ret.), former Chairman conference with thoughts about

What People Are Saying “Thank you for inviting me to the McCain Conference. It was most stimulating. The arrangements were flawless and the speakers outstanding. I learned a lot that I can infuse into my teaching at the Marine Corps War College.” --Dr. Bill Morgan, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director, Diplomacy and Statecraft Course, U.S. Marine Corps War College Taking Stock Page 2

Ethicist Challenges Mids to Fight the Good Fight by MIDN Jackson Cotney

Dr. David Rodin, one of the foremost authorities on ethics, encouraged midshipmen to contemplate Just War Theory and its applications. His lecture on 29 February 2016, entitled “Fighting the Good Fight,” is part of an ongoing ethics lecture series, sponsored by the VADM Stockdale Center and funded by Mr. William C. Stutt (USNA Class of 1949) and his wife Carolyn.

A Rhodes Scholar from New Zealand, Dr. David Rodin is the Co-Director of the Oxford Institute for Ethics, Dr. David Rodin addressed midshipmen Law, and Armed Conflict. He advises some of the world’s largest private that drive tactical decisions. He emphasized deal with how soldiers should act in and public organizations, including that being a proficient combatant is not combat, and jus ad bellum, dealing with many western militaries. His work enough. The “good fight” demands proficient the morality of resorting to war. The has helped to transform the ethics of ethical thinking too. He noted that lines classical theory holds that the individual conflict and security. often blur in military situations, as in the soldier is only obligated to focus on cases of Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire jus in bello. The revisionist theory adds Dr. Rodin asserted that a common during the Rwandan genocide and Coalition that the individual soldier must also motive for joining the military is to encounters with Iraqi nationalists, who were consider the morality of the conflict “fight the good fight.” Although he fighting only to defend their country, not as itself and act accordingly. The rise of could not always confirm whether a part of a terrorist organization. media and information technology conflict constituted “the good fight,” forced this change (allowing soldiers to he could raise questions that, if Dr. Rodin highlighted Revisionist Just War access crucial information to evaluate considered, improve leadership skills Theory. Traditionally, Just War Theory entails state aims), as did greater emphasis on and hone the analysis of principles two considerations: jus in bello, issues that universal human rights.

Stockdale Center Hosts Third Military Ethics Case Competition

Merchant Marine Academy, and the The event’s guest speaker was USNA Military Institute joined the USNA team for a Class of 2006 graduate Capt. Serena spirited day of competition. Tyson, a Marine aviator who deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation This year’s case centered on the moral legal and Enduring Freedom, flying 158 combat strategic implications of the Afghan practice missions with Marine Light Helicopter of bacha bazi (boy play), which is a significant Squadron 169. problem in the region. Teams played the role of advisers to senior commanders of U.S. forces and The annual event is sponsored by the devised programs and rules of engagement for USNA Class of 1964, which generously addressing this issue. funds this event, the Ethics Debate Team, and many other programs within the The competition was tight, and the final results Stockdale Center. placed team USNA third, West Point second, USNA team with coach Dr. Shaun Baker and Air Force first. Judges included USNA Class of 1964 alums, senior leadership from the On 16 April 2016, the Stockdale Center Boeing Corporation, representatives from First hosted the third annual Military Ethics Command Financial Services, and the Annapolis Case Competition. Teams from the Air Rotary Club. Force Academy, West Point, the U.S. Spring 2016 Page 3

Midshipmen Practice Applying International Law

In the competition, each is like to live and study and serve in a midshipman was assigned completely different part of the world to a group of other or under a very different mission set. midshipmen or cadets from The conference was a powerful example around the world. These of joint operations and multinational groups represented fictional efforts which would have been hard to nations that were part of a experience anywhere else.” coalition working to curb another nation’s aggression in the region. The panel situations involved the legal Did You Know? implications of escalation Former Stockdale Fellow Dr. Patrick of violence, potential new Lin has been focused on ethics and weapons, and targeting. autonomous systems, including Midshipmen worked with robotics and cyberoperations. counterparts from countries He’s been working with the Midshipmen team with Captain Andrew Lewis, USMC, in San Remo such as Sweden, Uganda, United Nations Institute for Denmark, and Turkey. They Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), the International Committee of A team of three midshipmen traveled in gained practice in analyzing March to the 15th Law of Armed Conflict and applying international law as well as the Red Cross (ICRC), Daimler, Competition for Military Academies at the understanding other countries’ viewpoints. Transportation Research Board, International Institute of Humanitarian Law in Stanford, New America Foundation, San Remo, Italy. The three midshipmen were Participant MIDN 1/C Drew Anderson, and others, in addition to providing MIDN 1/C Drew Anderson, USN; MIDN 1/C USN, said he valued the interaction with other counsel to industry and government Sarah Fink, USN; and MIDN 3/C Brittany students “because we were able to learn about groups such as Google, Apple, Webb-Martin, USN. USNA Class of 1964 how different nations structure their militaries Tesla, RSA Security, and Dept. of and their military academies, as well as what it generously funded their trip. Homeland Security.

CEO Describes Moral Courage in the Face of Adversity

treatment that Crowley credits with saving Sharing personal experiences, Crowley his children’s lives. After another company distilled his beliefs about moral courage purchased Novazyme, Crowley went on in and leadership into four tips. His first tip 2005 to start Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., a was to stay strong. Leadership sometimes global biotech company. The Crowley family is involves making hard personal choices. the subject of a book, The Cure: How a Father His second tip was to trust others and be Raised $100 Million—and Bucked the Medical willing when it matters to put yourself Establishment—in a Quest to Save His Children. into their hands. The third tip was to lead The Crowley family’s story also inspired the by serving others. Crowley’s final tip was John F. Crowley was the featured speaker major motion picture, Extraordinary Measures, to cultivate perseverance, because as he starring Brendan Fraser and Harrison Ford. said, “You will fail. Sometimes you will John F. Crowley, chairman and CEO of Crowley has written a personal memoir called fail mightily … stick to that notion Chasing Miracles: The Crowley Family Journey of Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., spoke on 11 of persistence.” Strength, Hope, and Joy. February 2016 in the Stockdale Center’s Honor, Courage, Commitment seminar series. The purpose of the Honor, Courage, The generosity of USNA Class of 1975 made The focus of Crowley’s address was moral courage Commitment Luncheon Seminar series this seminar possible. in the face of adversity. “Life,” he told the is to provide a unique and valuable audience, “is going to put you in a lot of places professional development opportunity In 1998, two of Crowley’s children received that you never thought you’d be.” How people for Naval Academy midshipmen, staff, the diagnosis of Pompe disease, a severe react to adversity changes not only their lives faculty, and coaches. and often fatal neuromuscular disorder. but also the lives of those around them. Crowley Searching for a cure, Crowley started looked at moral courage and leadership through Novazyme Pharmaceuticals, a bio-tech firm the filters of family illness, the military, and the that conducted research on an experimental biotech business. Taking Stock Page 4

The Director’s Cut Over the past couple previous no-hitter had been in 1956. He was known for his integrity and of years, when baseball I caught the post-game interview with received a number of accolades, aside season is in full swing, Halladay, and this remarkable pitcher once from his baseball ones, highlighting his my thoughts turn to again gave all the credit to his teammates. character and service to others. Halladay’s former Toronto Blue simple message, ascribing credit to the Jays and Philadelphia From these two performances and team and expressing gratitude, are at the Phillies pitcher, Roy interviews, I became intrigued by this heart of extraordinary leadership. So, in “Doc” Halladay. I will professional athlete. Through some keeping with Doc Halladay’s example never forget the poignant research, I was able to determine after his and considering the Stockdale Center’s Arthur J. reminder about ethical perfect game performance, he bought 60 significant achievements over the past Athens, USMCR (Ret.) leadership Doc Halladay Swiss watches to give to players, coaches, year, I would like to express to our staff, provided me back in 2010. batboys, and staff. Curious about the colleagues, supporters, and partners: “We details, I learned that he distributed did it together. Thanks, Art Athens.” On 29 May 2010, Halladay pitched a perfect Baume and Mercier watches that on game versus the Florida Marlins and became only the low end retail for $2000. What was the 20th player in Major League Baseball (MLB) even more striking to me was the box in history to achieve this milestone. I watched the which he placed each watch. The box was interview after the game, and though pressed to engraved with the date of the game, the highlight his own achievement, Halladay resisted line score, and the name of the recipient ... the enticement and placed the spotlight on his but it also had an inscribed message from teammates who contributed to the win. Later the pitcher: “We did it together. Thanks, in the year, the Phillies were in the playoffs, and Doc Halladay.” Halladay had another spectacular game as he held the Cincinnati Reds from getting a single hit in the As I studied Doc Halladay further, I Pitcher Roy “Doc” Halladay game and became only the second MLB pitcher learned he was a leader on and off the in history to pitch a no-hitter in the playoffs. The field ... for his teams and his community.

The Stockdale Center is supported by About the Stockdale Center appropriated funds through the U.S. For over a century and a half, the U.S. Naval Academy has served as a beacon of Naval Academy and by moral and ethical leadership to the nation and to the world—producing leaders of generous private contributions raised uncompromising character, who have fought our wars with honor and have gone on to by the U.S. Naval Academy serve as positive role models on a global stage. Foundation. For more information about supporting the Stockdale In response to an ever-changing world and the cry to enhance the development of ethical Center, please contact Captain Rusty leaders, the Secretary of the Navy established the Center for the Study of Professional Yeiser, USN (Ret.), the Naval Acad- Military Ethics at the U.S. Naval Academy in 1998. Building on the Academy’s track emy Foundation Director of Develop- record of developing some of the nation’s finest leaders, the Navy chartered the Center ment Operations, at 410-295-4100 or to reach out to not only the Naval Academy, but also to the wider audience of the [email protected]. Navy, Marine Corps, and the nation at large. Over the years, the vision has expanded to transforming ethical leadership development worldwide. In 2006, the Center was given a new name: The Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership. The VADM JAMES B. STOCKDALE Center has continued to refocus and refine its mission, which is to empower leaders to CENTER FOR ETHICAL make courageous ethical decisions. LEADERSHIP VADM Stockdale—a member of the Class of 1947, a prisoner of war for 7½ years (4 of which were in solitary confinement), a recipient of the , and a lifelong United States Naval Academy 112 Cooper Road student of leadership, philosophy, and ethics—embodied the selfless and courageous Annapolis, Maryland 21402-5022 leadership sought in midshipmen, officers, and national leaders.

Phone: 410-293-6085 An and a gentleman in every sense, VADM Stockdale’s accomplishments are Fax: 410-293-6081 well documented. A man of introspection as well as action, VADM Stockdale reflected View our latest recorded lectures online on Vietnam and military service, distilling from his experiences hard-won ideas about at our website www.usna.edu/ethics truth and honor. The author of countless articles and books, VADM Stockdale wrote a Take part in the ongoing conversation column for the Naval War College Review while he was the president there. His column, on our Facebook page appropriately enough, was called, “Taking Stock.”