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A New Cassiduloid (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in the Albian of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil

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A New Cassiduloid (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in the Albian of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil Carnets Geol. 20 (3) E-ISSN 1634-0744 DOI 10.4267/2042/70719 A new Cassiduloid (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in the Albian of the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, Brazil Cynthia Lara de Castro MANSO 1 Abstract: This paper presents a new discovery of the echinoid species Phyllobrissus humilis (GAUTHIER, 1875) from the Albian age Riachuelo Formation of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. The only specimen obtai- ned in the Maruim 1 outcrop expresses the main species characteristics. Paleoecological notes and a dichotomous key are presented to facilitate the identification of the cassiduloid species from the Creta- ceous of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Key-words: • echinoderms; • Phyllobrissus humilis (GAUTHIER); • Cassiduloida; • Cretaceous; • South America Citation: MANSO C.L.C. (2020).- A new Cassiduloid (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in the Albian of the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, Brazil.- Carnets Geol., Madrid, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 29-35. Résumé : Un nouveau cassiduloïde (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) dans l'Albien du bassin de Sergipe-Alagoas, Brésil.- L'article décrit la découverte de l'espèce d'échinoïde Phyllobrissus humilis (GAUTHIER, 1875) dans la Formation Riachuelo d'âge Albien du bassin Sergipe-Alagoas. Le seul spéci- men récolté provient dans l'affleurement de Maruim 1 et permet d'observer les principales caractéristi- ques de l'espèce. Des informations paléoécologiques et une clé dichotomique sont présentées pour fa- ciliter l'identification des espèces de cassiduloïdes du Crétacé du bassin de Sergipe-Alagoas. Mots-clefs : • échinodermes ; • Phyllobrissus humilis (GAUTHIER) ; • Cassiduloida ; • Crétacé ; • Amérique du Sud 1. Introduction Cretaceous cassiduloids from Brazil were first recorded from the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin by WHI- Cassiduloids are irregular echinoids with peta- TE (1887). BEURLEN (1964a) reviewed some echi- loid ambulacra apically, with phylloid features noid species from this basin, while SMITH (in SMITH orally, specific buccal spines (floscelle) and a pe- & BENGTSON, 1991) later reviewed the taxa listed riproct situated within a groove. These forms rea- by WHITE (1887). The latter author recorded Nu- ched their acme during the Eocene, dwindling cleopygus cf. similis (ORBIGNY, 1856) from the subsequently and leaving a much smaller number Riachuelo Formation, reviewed Echinobrissus frei- of species today (KIER, 1962). To illustrate this tasii (WHITE, 1887) and transferred it to the ge- observation, there are only three species on re- nus Phyllobrissus COTTEAU, 1859, and erected a cord from the Miocene of Brazil, namely Rhyncho- new genus, Colliclypeus, to accommodate Cono- lampas oliveirai (SANTOS, 1958), Echinolampas clypus nettoanus WHITE, 1887. SMITH (in SMITH & paraensis SANTOS, 1958, and Rhyncholampas can- BENGTSON, 1991) also described a new taxon, didoi FERNANDES & CARREIRA MORAIS, 1994, all from Acriaster sergipensis, from the same lithostrati- the Pirabas Formation, Bragança-Viseu Basin. In graphical unit. Earlier, BRITO (1981) had reviewed addition, only two recent species of cassiduloid holectypoids and cassiduloids from Brazil, but had have been described from the Brazilian coast: not added any new species. In more recent stu- Cassidulus mitis KRAU, 1954, and C. infidus MOR- dies MANSO & SOUZA-LIMA (2005) recorded Pygo- TENSEN, 1948 (TOMMASI & LIMA VERDE, 1970; MOOI, rhynchus colombianus (COOKE, 1955) from the 1990a; SOUTO et al., 2011). Albian Riachuelo Formation, and finally, MANSO & 1Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Biociências, Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho, Av. Olimpio Campos s/nº, Itabaiana, 49500-000, Sergipe (Brazil) [email protected] Published online in final form (pdf) on February 22, 2020 [Editor: Bruno GRANIER; language editors: Stephen EAGAR and Bruno FERRÉ] 29 Carnets Geol. 20 (3) Figure 1: Locality map of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin in northeastern Brazil (adapted from SOUZA -LIMA et al. , 2002). ANDRADE (2008) described Petalobrissus cubensis 2. Geological setting (WEISBORD , 1934) from the Turonian Cotinguiba Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the Sergipe-Ala- The Sergipe-Alagoas Basin is located along the goas Basin. coast of the State of Sergipe, northeast of Brazil Other cassiduloid species were noted from (Fig. 1). The Aptian-Albian interval here represents Cretaceous strata of Brazil, from other sedimen- a deposition on a shallow, mixed siliciclastic-car- tary basins such as those of Potiguar and Araripe. bonate platform (MANSO & SOUZA -LIMA , 2017). For the former (Turonian-Coniacian intervals), The material studied here comes from levels MAURY (1925) described Parapygus mossoroensis , within the Riachuelo Formation that can be dated followed by Breynella baixadoleitensis by MAURY as early Albian on the basis of ammonites ( Dou- (1934). Later, SANTOS (1960) reassigned Parapy- villeiceras Zone) (SOUZA -LIMA et al. , 2002) . gus mossoroensis to Catopygus , while BEURLEN (1964b) recorded Phyllobrissus brasiliensis . SMITH 3. Material and methods (in SMITH & BENGTSON , 1991) revised taxa descri- The specimen illustrated here is housed in the bed by MAURY (1925), SANTOS (1960) and BEURLEN fossil echinoderm collections of the Fundação Pa- (1964b) and considered only two species to be leontologica Phoenix (FPH), Aracaju, Sergipe, valid, Petalobrissus cubensis and P. setifensis Brazil, and was systematically positioned accor- (COQUAND in COTTEAU , 1866). OLIVEIRA et al. ding to KROH & SMITH (2010). (2013) presented the most recent overview of For the description of the locality, the present cassiduloid species from the Potiguar Basin, and author follows the pattern adopted by BENGTSON finally, ALVES et al. (2018) added a new species, (1983, p. 30-33) to the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin Petalobrissus lehugeurae , from the Jandaíra For- (Fig. 1). The co-ordinates were obtained from the mation. From the Araripe Basin in northeastern Córrego Alegre datum and rounded off to the Brazil, BEURLEN (1966) listed two new species, nearest 50 metres. UTM coordinates are referen- Pygurus ( Echinopygus) tinocoi and Faujasia arari- ced to the central 39º meridian. Krm = Creta- pensis , from the Albian. Later, BRITO (1981) ceous Riachuelo Formation. transferred F. araripensis to the genus Pygidio- Maruim 1 - UTM 24S 8.813.587N / 710.353E lampas CLARK , 1923, while MANSO and HESSEL (GPS 10°43'36.0"S 37°04'35.6"W). Topographic (2007) systematically revised Pygidiolampas ara- map, sheet: SC. 24-Z-B-IV-2 Riachuelo. The out- ripensis , reassigning it to the genus Bothryop- crop is situated in a roadside section on the sou- neustes FOURTAU , 1924. thern margin of motorway SE-208, near the junc- In the present paper, the find of Phyllobrissus tion with motorway BR-101. cf. humilis represents a new record of a cassidu- Krm - Light-cream bioclastic calcarenite and loid from the Albian Riachuelo Formation of the locally oncolitic/oolitic bioclastic with isolated Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. patch reefs and microbial, yielding echinoids, bi- valves and ammonites (MANSO , 2003; MANSO & SOUZA -LIMA , 2012). 30 Carnets Geol. 20 (3) Figure 2: Phyllobrissus cf. humilis (GAUTHIER ): A. Dorsal (apical) view; B. Ventral (oral) view; C. Lateral view; D. Posterior View; E. Detail of the tubercles. Scale bar = 10 mm. 4. Systematic palaeontology Diagnosis: Test subovate, of small to medium size, ovate with truncate posterior; oral surface Phylum Echinodermata BRUGUIÈRE , 1791 slightly sunken towards the peristome. Apical system slightly anterior, tetrabasal, with four go- Class Echinoidea LESKE , 1778 nopores, posterior oculars elongate, no catenal plates. Petals long, parallel, open, extending two- Infraclass Irregularia LATREILLE , 1825 thirds of the way to ambitus, inner pore round, Superorder Neognathostomata outer pore slightly elongated transversely; all SMITH , 1981 ambulacral plates with double pores. Periproct towards the rear of the aboral surface; supramar- Family Nucleolitidae ginal, bordering on marginal, on an almost verti- AGASSIZ & DESOR 1847 cal face, with a short groove extending from lower edge of periproct to posterior edge of test. Genus Phyllobrissus COTTEAU , 1870 Peristome anterior, pentagonal, depressed, wider Phyllobrissus cf. humilis than high. Bourrelets absent. Phyllode structure unreported. No naked zone in posterior interam- (GAUTHIER , 1875) bulacrum orally (SMITH & KROH , 2011). Synonymy: Material: FPH-642-I. 1875 Echinobrissus humilis GAUTHIER in COTTEAU et al. , Locality and stratigraphical level: Maruim I, loc. cit. p. 11, Figs. 74-76. Riachuelo Formation, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Bra- 1884 Echinobrissus humilis GAUTHIER in COTTEAU et al. , zil. p. 79, Pl. 6, figs 5-7. Description: medium-sized test of the circular Type: Catopygus gresslyi L. AGASSIZ , 1839, p. outline, slightly high, with the oral side slightly 49; by subsequent designation of COTTEAU , 1860, concave and swollen (Fig. 2.A-C). Large tubercle p. 553. with well-marked areoles can be observed on the 31 Carnets Geol. 20 (3) Figure 3: Phyllobrissus cf. humilis (GAUTHIER ): A. Dorsal (apical) view; B. Ventral (oral) view; C. Lateral view; D. Apical system; E. Detail of phyllode. Scale bars equal 10 mm (A-C) and 1 mm (D- E). The grey areas correspond the poorly preserved areas. oral side of the test (Fig. 2.E). The tubercles on Table I: Biometric data for Phyllobrissus cf. humilis the aboral side are poorly preserved. (GAUTHIER , 1875). W - width; H - height; L - length; Apical disc tetrabasal are situated slightly an- Adab - apical disc to anterior border; Pab - peristome to teriorly, with four genital plates, genital 2 (ma- anterior border.
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