DOCSLIB.ORG

State-Of-The-Art Driving Simulators, a Literature Survey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State-Of-The-Art Driving Simulators, a Literature Survey , State-of-the-Art Driving Simulators, a Literature Survey Slob, J.J. (Jelmer) DCT 2008.107 DCT report Eindhoven University of Technology Department Mechanical Engineering Control Systems Technology Group Eindhoven, August 2008 Contents 1 Motion Simulation 2 1.1 Introduction . 2 1.2 History . 2 1.3 What is Motion Simulation? . 3 1.3.1 The Need for Motion . 4 1.4 Areas of use . 5 1.4.1 Entertainment . 6 1.4.2 Research . 6 1.4.3 Training . 7 2 Driving Simulators 8 3 Discussion 12 Bibliography 13 i List of Figures 1 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) . 1 1.1 Antoinette . 3 1.2 Stewart Platform, or Hexapod . 3 1.3 Classical Washout Filter [1] . 4 1.7 SHERPA . 6 1.8 UoLDS . 7 1.9 VTI-III . 7 2.1 IFAS (1984) . 8 2.2 MARS (2004) . 8 2.3 Ultimate (2004) . 9 2.4 Vitrtex (2001) . 9 2.5 BMW (2003) . 10 2.6 WIVW 1999 . 10 2.7 NADS-1 (2003) . 10 2.8 Toyota (2007) . 10 ii Nomenclature φ Roll Pith θ Yaw x Surge y Sway z Yaw ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System CWF Classical Washout Filter DOF Degree of Freedom DSC Driving Simulator Conference FB Fixed Base FS Fixed Screen Heave Translational motion defined positively in the opposite direction of the gravitational field, z-direction in Figure 1. hi-fi High fidelity HMD Head Mounted Display HMI Human Machine Interface IVIS In-Vehicle Information System MCA Motion Cueing Algorithm MSC Motion Simulator Conference Pitch Rotational motion around y-axis in Figure 1. Roll Rotational motion around x-axis in Figure 1. Surge Motion in longitudinal direction of the vehicle, x-direction in Figure 1. Sway Motion in lateral direction of the vehicle, y-direction in Figure 1. Yaw Rotational motion around the z-axis in Figure 1. iii z, heave θ, yaw ϕ, roll ψ, pitch x, surge y, sway Figure 1: Degrees of Freedom (DOF) 1 Chapter 1 Motion Simulation 1.1 Introduction Driving simulation is a type of motion simulation that is currently undergoing an enormous change as the demand for more advanced and sophisticated driving simulators increases, the past decades. This survey focusses to get insight to the current state-of-the-art of driving simulation and simulators. Motorcycle, bicycle and train simulators are not considered. The driving simulator has a broad range of applications: in the purpose of the simulation as well as the used type of simulator. One can find driving simulators at driving schools, psychological research centres, amusement parks, car manufacturers etc. This survey will make a subdivision in fidelity. First attention is paid to motion simulation in general and everything that contributes to it. What is motion simulation? How does motion cueing work? Only motion based driving simulators are considered in this survey. Motion simulators without actu- ated motion are referred to as mid-level simulators [2] and consist of a car in front of a fixed screen. Terminology and acronyms used throughout this report can be found in the Nomenclature at page iii. 1.2 History Motion simulation started with flight simulation in the beginning of the 20th century. Flight training school “Antoinette” developed the first flight simulator [3]. In 1948 Gough developed a parallel manip- ulator for the purpose of testing tires. It was not until 1962 when D. Stewart reintroduced the parallel 6DOF (degree of freedom) system consisting of two platforms and 6 actuators [4]. The so called Stew- art platform was very well received in the world of motion simulation. It is a relatively compact design, comprising 6DOF-actuation and allowing relatively large payloads [5]. The first driving simulator designs consisted of few actuated DOF’s. 3DOF Designs were built bij Volkswagen (early 1970s) and the Swedish Road and Traffic Research Institute VTI, who were inspired by the Volkswagen design [6]. Mazda [7] has build a 4DOF actuated simulator in 1985, inspired by Volkswagen. That same year, the first 6DOF actuated simulator comes from Daimler-Benz [8]. Throughout the 90s, several 6DOF actuated were built (FORD [9], JARI, BMW, Renault, WIVW, Nissan [10]). At the North American Driving Simulation Conference(DSC) in 2003, the University of Iowa amazed the world of motion simulation with their National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS-1) [11]. It 2 6 5 4 3 2 1 D D X Y Y X Z . V . E B P , T O L E E O C E R N N C C S T U Y , X S E D R E O O H E U H L B T V A C T . E R S N I V O I F D . D S H O B Y T T H I R E T A O Payload W N N H H , E Y T W D N S D O E O N U R I M C.O.G. O W X A T R C O E C R O L R U D F N L D Y E A M O Y H T O R N T Y I R H P A L R F E T N R O N W I O R R . O T S E X S U E D E S O I O R N U T T H A . R F T R L I S A O E R R P W D E O Y R H T D D T O T E E Payload R I R Payload I E E R W H N N P P O T A O E L O C.O.G. L R H O R F C.O.G. P T T A P O the capabilities of thecelerations system. are reproduced The byis visual the shown system simulator. in will Figure Thistion provide 1.3. is cueing the is required Only low-frequency the to the Classical information.with keep high-frequency Washout the Filter the components aim For (CWF). to simulator of The resemble the motionMotion principle real cueing translational within movements of describes in and the the virtual Classical rotational presentation environments Washout of ac- [10]. Algorithm visual, The acoustic,through most vestibular the popular and acoustic way haptic system. of information mo- of (cues) speed of thewith human information body about is linear obtainedlocated through and in the angular the visual inertial inner system.the accelerations ear gravitational of (left Sense force the of and and body. speed right), theon is is external the The also body forces the prominent and acquired and prominent sense environmental moments sensetion motion on is that with all the about provides respect body perception. to the [14]. The theSimulation perceptual human is body. The body defined system The has vestibular as two inertial an system, inputs imitation stimulation for of stems motion some perception: from real thing, inertial stimulants state of affairs, or process1.3 [13]. Motion simula- What is Motion Simulation? the availability of high resolutionproduct optical magnetic encoders [12]. materials, advancements inprovements in low electric cogging, motor low performance torquemany have ripple been industrial enabled sinusoidal applications by designs [12]. the and This developmentOver of development the new past is high decades also energy the noticeable use in of driving hydraulicwill simulators. actuation be The has explained, im- been before replaced getting bysimulator to best. electric driving servo Therefore simulators. first technology motion in cueingThere will is be introduced still and no the purpose consensus of on driving simulators in which fidelity motion is system an interesting designdesign, issue suits which (Chapter the exceeded 3). the demands NADS-1 ofULTIMATE, in see a size. Chapter realistic Whether 2). driving the Toyota ItSimCar, Simulator was UoLDS, also not exceeded see the until Chapter NADS-1 2007,truck 2) when simulators were the and built Toyota in Motor somex the Corporation were beginning came of upgraded with the a (FORD, 21stwas century VTI-III, the (SimuSys, Mark BMW, largest III, MARS so TUTOR, Renault Katech, far and consisted of a turntable, mounted on a hexapod, which was actuated in 8 - and 4 7 1 y 0 1 B -direction using an xy-table. A complete car was fitted inside the dome. Several car and B 2 1 , X 7 3 Figure 1.1: MRP 9 1 Z 5 , 3 2 0 1 L.J.C. Antoinette Motion System Complete Retracted (Hardstop) Motion System Complete Extended (Hardstop) 0 . 3 E V L . 1 K E B J . I T N L D E X E E F N O N D T O B Y R A F O I D . E V L R U D V R . H A R O B C N E R O S A D D E E A A N Y G R K H E Y G T D D N N E H I I N U I T L O N A E N O Z R TITLE : SCALE : PROJ. : MASS (kg) : D R S A D E E S X A I Y D R E T H , E Oktal R A S K A A M N E H O N E G T F O 1:20 A G E O I O O V E R N T EMotion-4000-6DOF-700-MK2 G X A F N mm N DIMENSIONS : DATE : E D I O S Max Payload: 4000 kg A R G T I V M N H D N R DRAWN : CRolink 31-03-06 A C L G A O Motion Base Assembly E A U Ixx: 18470 kgm^2 N V I L V V S T M CHECKED : WdE 31-03-06 G E M I H M K K O C N E I Iyy: 13857 kgm^2 L D E PROJECT : DOCUMENT : A T U SIZE REV.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Terms & Conditions
    Terms & Conditions “SCS Video Contest 2020” contest (“Contest”) is organized by SCS Software s.r.o. with its registered office in Jihlavská 1558/21, Praha, 14000, Czech Republic, Identification Number 28181301, entered into Commercial Register maintained by Prague City Court, Section C, Insert No. 131111 (“Promoter”). The Contest Page is https://blog.scssoft.com/2020/01/scs-video-contest.html. The Contest is open to individuals aged eighteen (18) years or older, except employees, agents, contractors or consultants of the Promoter and their immediate families, the Promoter's associated companies and anyone else professionally connected with the Contest (“Entrants”). This Contest is void where prohibited by local law. The Contest is only open for players of a legal Steam copy of the game Euro Truck Simulator 2 or American Truck Simulator with an unlimited Steam account. Definition of the Limited Steam User Account is available on https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=3330-IAGK- 7663. There is no entry fee and no additional purchase is necessary to enter the Contest. To participate in the Contest each Entrant shall make a video capturing their play of either (i) Euro Truck Simulator 2 game, DLC Road to Black Sea or (ii) American Truck Simulator game, DLC Washington or Utah (“Video”); Euro Truck Simulator 2 and American Truck Simulator cannot be combined in one Video, Washington and Utah can be combined in one Video. Only one Video per Entrant will be included in the Contest, should an Entrant send more videos, only the one first received will be considered and any subsequent ones will be disregarded.
    [Show full text]
  • Video Games: Changing the Way We Think of Home Entertainment
    Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 2005 Video games: Changing the way we think of home entertainment Eri Shulga Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Shulga, Eri, "Video games: Changing the way we think of home entertainment" (2005). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Video Games: Changing The Way We Think Of Home Entertainment by Eri Shulga Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Information Technology Rochester Institute of Technology B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Copyright 2005 Rochester Institute of Technology B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Master of Science in Information Technology Thesis Approval Form Student Name: _ __;E=.;r....;...i S=-h;....;..;u;;;..;..lg;;i..;:a;;...__ _____ Thesis Title: Video Games: Changing the Way We Think of Home Entertainment Thesis Committee Name Signature Date Evelyn Rozanski, Ph.D Evelyn Rozanski /o-/d-os- Chair Prof. Andy Phelps Andrew Phelps Committee Member Anne Haake, Ph.D Anne R. Haake Committee Member Thesis Reproduction Permission Form Rochester Institute of Technology B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Master of Science in Information Technology Video Games: Changing the Way We Think Of Home Entertainment L Eri Shulga. hereby grant permission to the Wallace Library of the Rochester Institute of Technofogy to reproduce my thesis in whole or in part.
    [Show full text]
  • PC-Based Aviation Training Devices for Pilot Training in Visual Flight Rules Procedures; Development, Validation and Effectiveness
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. PC-Based Aviation Training Devices for Pilot Training in Visual Flight Rules Procedures; Development, Validation and Effectiveness A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Aviation at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Savern Reweti 2014 Abstract Flying is a difficult and complex activity that requires a significant level of attention from the pilot as well as a lengthy training period to gain sufficient competency. For issues of both cost and safety, flight simulation has been an integral part of flight training from its earliest beginnings. There have been a number of technological developments and improvements in both the level of fidelity and the training effectiveness of flight simulators. As a result, flight simulators in use today are the result of this technological, psychological, and engineering evolution. Indeed, simulator cockpits can now accurately replicate all of the functions of flight controls and instrumentation found in real aircraft. Furthermore, the development of high- resolution display systems utilising computer-generated imagery (CGI), means that flight simulators can now display very realistic terrain and environmental effects. The high cost of modern full motion flight simulators (FFSs) has meant that their use has generally been restricted to commercial airlines, military forces, and government agencies. More recently, rapid advances and decreasing costs in PC-based computer technology has enabled flight-training organisations to conduct more training with less expensive fixed-base flight training devices (FTDs).
    [Show full text]
  • Serious Games Advergaming, Edugaming, Training and More
    Serious games Advergaming, edugaming, training and more Project manager Laurent Michaud [email protected] M83708 – June 2008 Author Julian Alvarez, PhD Science of Communication and Information Contributor Laurent Michaud, Head of the digital leisure division Copyright IDATE 2008, BP 4167, 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Tous droits réservés – Toute reproduction, stockage All rights reserved. None of the contents of this ou diffusion, même partiel et par tous moyens, y publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval compris électroniques, ne peut être effectué sans system or transmitted in any form, including accord écrit préalable de l'IDATE. electronically, without the prior written permission of IDATE. ISBN 978-2-84822-169-4 Executive Summary Serious Games Advergaming, edugaming, training and more This study outlines the characteristics, uses and different genres of serious game. It examines the challenges involved in the design, development and distribution of various types of titles, while analysing the outlook for the industry and its growth drivers. 600 million to one billion potential Defining serious gaming Areas addressed users worldwide. There is a huge variety of ways to classify Today, serious games are employed in a At the end of 2007, the global video serious gaming. However, accepting the wide variety of sectors. game industry was worth 30 billion ambiguities and possible challenges in- Defence: one of the most important USD. At the same time, the serious herent in this, this study defines serious areas in terms of client investment and gaming market was estimated to be gaming as follows: orders. Serious games are also used by worth between 1.5 and 10+ billion The purpose of a serious game is to armies in Europe, though less widely than USD.
    [Show full text]
  • 9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
    Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Enjoyment and Intensity of Physical Activity In
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 12 August 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0146.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3673; doi:10.3390/ijerph16193673 1 Article 2 Assessment of enjoyment and intensity of physical 3 activity in immersive virtual reality on the 4 omni-directional Omni treadmill and Icaros flight 5 simulator in the context of recommendations for 6 health 7 Małgorzata Dębska1, Jacek Polechoński1,*, Arkadiusz Mynarski1, Piotr Polechoński2 8 1 Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 43-512 9 Katowice, Poland; [email protected] (M.D.), [email protected] (J.P.), 10 [email protected] (A.M.) 11 2 Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 43-512 12 Katowice, Poland; [email protected] (P.P.) 13 * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-32-207-5358 14 15 Abstract: The aim of the study is to assess enjoyment and intensity of physical exercise while 16 practicing physical activity (PA) in immersive virtual reality (IVR) using innovative training 17 devices (omni-directional Omni treadmill and Icaros Pro flight simulator). The study also contains 18 the results of subjective research on the usefulness of such a form of PA in the opinion of users. In 19 total, 61 adults (10 women and 50 men) took part in the study. To assess the enjoyment level (EL) 20 Interest/Enjoyment subscale of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) was used. Exercise intensity 21 was assessed during 10-minute sessions of active video games (AVGs) in IVR based on heart rate 22 (HR).
    [Show full text]
  • Simulator Platform Motion Requirements for Recurrent Airline Pilot Training and Evaluation
    Simulator Platform Motion Requirements for Recurrent Airline Pilot Training and Evaluation Judith Bürki-Cohen U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA 02142 Tiauw H. Go Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 William W. Chung Science Applications International Corporation Lexington Park, MD 20653 Jeffery A. Schroeder NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035 Final Report September 2004 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed to this work, and we are very grateful to all of them. The work has been requested by the Federal Aviation Administration’s Flight Standards Service Voluntary Safety Programs Branch managed by Dr. Tom Longridge. We greatly appreciate his insights. In his office, we would also like to thank Dr. Douglas Farrow for his support. Dr. Eleana Edens is the perfect FAA Program Manager. We thank her for her encouragement and effective guidance. The Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors, Dr. Mark D. Rodgers, sponsored the work. We thank him and Dr. Tom McCloy in his office for their involvement. The discussions with Dr. Ed Cook and Paul Ray, the present and former managers of the National Simulator Program Office, were always enlightening. Members of other branches of the FAA’s Flight Standard Services that provided helpful suggestions are Jan Demuth and Archie Dillard. At the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, we thank Dr. Donald Sussman, the Chief of the Operator Performance and Safety Division, for his direction. Young Jin Jo provided critical support for the First Study, and Sean Jacobs and Kristen Harmon for the Second Study.
    [Show full text]
  • Euro Truck Simulator 2 Reverse Engineered Requirements Document
    Euro Truck Simulator 2 Reverse Engineered Requirements Document Omar Asadi Aftab Hussain University of California, Irvine 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Overview 3 Stakeholders 3 Marketing and Investment Stakeholders 4 Game Construction Stakeholders 4 Case Study 5 Models 6 Goal Models 8 System Vision 10 Non-Functional Requirements 11 Description of Techniques Used 11 i* Framework 11 Rich Picture Method 12 Description of Tool Used 12 Conclusion 13 References 3 1. Overview In this work we reverse-engineer the elaborate requirements of the game, Euro Truck Simulator 2 (ETS2), available at [1]. ETS2 was released by SCS Software, on October 2012. The fundamental gameplay constitutes of driving trucks around depicted European cities for delivering cargo at various locations. It keeps a track record of the player’s completed tasks and offers career progression for the player in terms of income. The game has been widely popular1, with high rates of downloads and is available for purchase at the multi-player online gaming platform, Steam2. Reverse engineering the requirements document of a given system is a challenging task particularly for large legacy systems which are deployed in a distributed manner. The main difficulty this task poses is in capturing the complexities of all components of the system in a coherent and non-conflicting fashion. A way to address this difficulty is to build the requirements models of the system in an incremental way [3], an approach we tried to follow while doing the same for ETS2. We now present the organization of our report, which also reflects the work flow of this reverse engineering project: In Section 2, we present a description of all the relevant stakeholders of the game.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    European Research Studies Journal Volume XXIII, Issue 3, 2020 pp. 598-612 The Effectiveness of Computer Games in Social Campaigns: A Case Study Submitted 11/04/20, 1st revision 30/04/20, 2nd revision 26/05/20, accepted 20/06/20 Mariusz Borawski1, Anna Borawska2, Konrad Biercewicz3, Jarosław Duda4 Abstract: Purpose: The objective of this article is to present an experiment in which social campaign messages could embedded in different types of computer games and to propose a framework to assess effectiveness of such approach with the use of cognitive neuroscience techniques (for example electroencephalography and eye-tracking) and questionnaires. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is designed to gather data from two different sources, survey and cognitive neuroscience tools and to integrate obtained information. Findings: The obtained results, focusing mostly on recall and interest of experiment’s participants allow to state that using computer games for the purpose of social campaigns is very promising. Moreover, evaluating the efficacy of the messages and the medium itself using two very distinct methods, considering both conscious and subconscious opinions of examined subjects offers an additional quality to this type of research. Practical Implications: The proposed solution of testing the effectiveness of computer games in social campaigns can be used both by pracitioners that develop such campaigns and by scientists aiming to conduct advertising reserch. Originality/Value: Taking into account data from two different sources allows to capture both conscious and subconscious opinions about the social advertsising in the game, which shows the comprehensive image of the advertising’s effectiveness. Keywords: Social campaign, computer game, effectiveness, cognitive neuroscience.
    [Show full text]
  • Flightsim Community Survey 2019
    FlightSim Community Survey 2019 Final Report 1 Copyright Notice © 2020 Navigraph By licensing our work with the CC BY-SA 4.0 license it means that you are more than welcome to copy, remix, transform and build upon the results of this survey and then redistribute it to whomever you want in any way. You only have to give credit back to Navigraph and keep the same license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 2 Preamble This is the annual flightsim community survey, a collaborative effort between partners – developers, companies and organizations in the flightsim domain – coordinated and compiled by Navigraph. This survey is freely distributed for the common good of the flightsim community to guide future projects and attract new pilots. This flightsim community survey is the largest and most comprehensive of its kind. This year 17,800 respondents participated in the survey. This is an 18.6% increase from last year when 15,000 participated. This year’s survey consisted of 93 questions, compared to last year’s 77 questions. However, this year many more of the questions were conditional, allowing us to add new sections and ask in-depth questions only to those respondents for whom it was relevant. New sections this year contained questions specifically aimed at pilots using flight simulator software on mobile devices and helicopter flight simulators. We also added questions on combat simulators, air traffic control and flight planning. Finally, because of the upcoming release of the new Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020, we added questions on this topic as well. Our main objective this year was to recruit more and diverse partners to broaden the reach of the survey to get an even more representative sample of the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Truck Driving Simulator Pc Download
    Truck driving simulator pc download LINK TO DOWNLOAD Scania Truck Driving Simulator is a PC game that gives you the unique opportunity to get behind the wheels of Scania R-series truck. Scania Truck Driving Simulator is a very complete game, with a super-realistic simulation and fantastic graphics. The depth and variety of the game is another strength of Scania Truck Driving Simulator. The game has several game modes Driving license mode. · How to Download and Play Truck Simulator Europe on PC. Download and install BlueStacks on your PC. Complete Google sign-in to access the Play Store, or do it later. Look for Truck Simulator Europe in the search bar at the top right corner. Click to install Truck Simulator Europe from the search results4/5. Download and play the Scania Truck Driving Simulation for free The downloaded game has no time limit on the play time, however access to some of the game areas is limited until activated. Play free to see if you like the game, and to check whether it is compatible with your computer. · Get American Truck Simulator PC download (indir) for PC with crack. This vehicle simulation game is developed by the Czech company SCS Software. To some extent, it is the competitor of the video game sequel to Euro Truck Simulator 2. It was published at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, in 50 rows · · To see the full description of World Truck Driving Simulator, please visit on . euro truck simulator 3 pc game download will serve you with the best possible game base that would be an amazing thing to experience and to get the real life like fun.
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Simulator Development with Safety System Implementation
    FLIGHT SIMULATOR DEVELOPMENT WITH SAFETY SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION Berta Martínez Utrilla Bachelor’s thesis May 2017 Air Navigation Engineering ABSTRACT Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu, Tampere University of Applied Sciences Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Polytechnic University of Catalonia Degree Programme in Air Navigation Engineering MARTÍNEZ UTRILLA, BERTA: Flight Simulator Development with Safety System Implementation Bachelor's thesis 43 pages, appendices 7 pages May 2017 In the constantly evolving aeronautical field, flight simulators are becoming increasingly common tools. Their use is being extended in both amateur and professional sectors since they provide life-like experiences effective in flight crew training from the comfort of a controlled enclosure, bringing economical benefits as well as reducing the impact on the environment. One of the most worrisome aspects regarding to these devices is safety, since the direct contact with individuals is constant. For this reason, the aim of the project has been the performance of a safety analysis on flight simulation devices to its future implementation in the simulator of Tampere University of Applied Sciences. In the first part of the study the basic concepts introducing the field of flight simulators have been presented, to be followed at later stage by a detailed analysis in the specific situation of the developing simulator of the university. Finally a deepening in the safety field has been performed, both in operational and general safety of the enclosure. On the whole, the project not only provides background information on the topic and analyses closely the simulator of the university but also deepens in the safety system, allowing the implementation of the obtained results in future similar devices.
    [Show full text]