The Yugoslav Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War: History and Cultural Memory
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The Yugoslav Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War: History and Cultural Memory Los voluntarios yugoslavos en la guerra civil española: Historia y Memoria Cultural Jugoslavenski dobrovoljci u Španjolskom građanskom ratu: Povijest i kultura sjećanja edited by / editado por / uredili Vjeran Pavlaković & Oriol Lopez Badell 3 The Yugoslav Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War: History and Cultural Memory Los voluntarios yugoslavos en la guerra civil española: Historia y Memoria Cultural Jugoslavenski dobrovoljci u Španjolskom građanskom ratu: Povijest i kultura sjećanja edited by editado por uredili Vjeran Pavlaković & Oriol Lopez Badell december diciembre prosinac 2020 2 3 4 20 34 46 Introduction Edo Jardas: Spanish Volunteer Anarchism and the Spanish Civil War Memory of the Spanish Civil Introducción and Mayor of Rijeka El anarquismo y la guerra civil War in the Present Content Uvodna riječ Edo Jardas: voluntario en española Memoria de la guerra civil España y alcalde de Rijeka Anarhizam i Španjolski građanski rat española en la actualidad Edo Jardas: španjolski dobrovoljac Sjećanje na Španjolski građanski i gradonačelnik Rijeke rat u današnjoj Španjolskoj i u 8 međunarodnoj javnosti Cultural Memory of the 36 Contenidos Spanish Civil War Yugoslav Volunteers in Memoria cultural de la 22 French Internment Camps guerra civil española International Women Volunteers Voluntarios yugoslavos en campos Kultura sjećanja na Španjolski in the Spanish Civil War de internamiento franceses građanski rat Mujeres voluntarias internacionales Jugoslavenski dragovoljci u Sadržaj en la guerra civil española francuskim logorima Ženske međunarodne dobrovoljke u 10 Španjolskom građanskom ratu A Brief Introduction to the 38 Spanish Civil War History of the Barracks on Trsat Breve introducción a la 24 Historia de los cuarteles de Trsat guerra civil española Yugoslav Women Volunteers Povijest vojarne na Trsatu Kratak uvod u Španjolski g in the Spanish Civil War rađanski rat Mujeres yugoslavas voluntarias en la guerra civil española Jugoslavenske dobrovoljke u 40 Spanish Volunteers in WW2 Španjolskom građanskom ratu 12 and Socialist Yugoslavia The International Brigades Los voluntarios de la guerra de Las Brigadas Internacionales España en la Segunda Guerra Mundial Internacionalne brigade 26 y en la Yugoslavia socialista Literature & the Spanish Civil War Španjolski dobrovoljci u Drugom La literatura y la guerra civil svjetskom ratu i socijalistička Jugoslavija española 14 Španjolski građanski rat Yugoslav volunteers i Književnost Los voluntarios yugoslavos 42 Jugoslavenski dobrovoljci Monuments to the Spanish Civil War Monumentos de la guerra civil 28 española August Cesarec Spomenici Španjolskom 16 građanskom ratu Volunteers from Rijeka, the Croatian Littoral, and Gorski kotar Voluntarios de Rijeka, el litoral 30 croata, y Gorski kotar Art and the Spanish Civil War 44 Dobrovoljci iz Rijeke, Hrvatskog El arte y la guerra civil española The end of the Spanish Civil Primorja i Gorskog kotara Španjolski građanski rat i umjetnost War and its consequences El fin de la guerra civil española y sus consecuencias The end of the Spanish Civil War 18 32 and its consequences Vladimir Ćopić Yugoslav Artists and the Spanish Civil War Los artistas yugoslavos y la guerra civil española Jugoslavenska umjetnost i Španjolski građanski rat Over the last two decades, associations of As a result, today we present the catalogue Acknowledgments International Brigades members or friends of the exhibition entitled The Yugoslav of the Brigades have multiplied, as have Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War: History This exhibition was made possible by Introduction commemorations and tributes, research and Cultural Memory, which opened in the the efforts of the Maritime and History projects, PhD dissertations, exhibitions, films, Croatian city of Rijeka in January 2020 as Museum of the Croatian Littoral in Rijeka, and other artistic interpretations. For some, part of the city’s role as European Cultural the University of Barcelona and its Library the legacy of the brigadistas is controversial; Capital. The exhibition offers us a tour of the Republic Pavilion, the European for others, they were heroes whose actions through the historical memory presented Observatory of Memories, and the research Introducción deserve historical recognition. in an attractive way and with a clear and enthusiasm of the students of the pedagogical intention. The exhibition is an Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Since the creation of the European extremely well-documented overview that the University of Rijeka. The exhibition and Observatory of Memories (EUROM), and also begins with a historical introduction to the accompanying conference was part of the during my earlier professional career, I have war in Spain and the phenomenon of the Seasons of Power program of Rijeka2020. had the chance to take part in projects that volunteers in the International Brigades, with Uvodna riječ have explored the role of the brigadistas in an emphasis on those from the countries The authors, researchers and collaborators of the internationalization of the Spanish Civil that made up the former Yugoslavia. Some the panels were: War. I even had the opportunity to visit the biographies of prominent Croatian volunteers oriol lópez-badell, archives of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade at are presented, including several anarchists, mladen bošnjak, the Tamiment Library in New York. But the who are sometimes absent from studies bela bračko-milešević, most important stimulus for my research on the international aspects of the Civil rosario caballero, was hearing the story of Emmanuel Mink, War. The exhibition also addresses gender ricard conesa, elucidated in a lecture by his son, the issues by focusing on the role of women in marija duvnjak, historian George Mink. In this lecture, Mink the brigades, so important but too often lara furjan, explained that throughout his father’s life forgotten. ivana geček, and his political journey, the war in Spain stefan gužvica, and his arrival in Barcelona in July 1936 Art and literature are also represented in ana maria ištoković, had always been uppermost in his mind – the exhibition, which pays tribute to the julija jančec, sometimes even as present as the memory creative explosion that produced one of the igor jovanović, of Auschwitz, where he was deported during most active cultural responses ever seen john kraljic, the Second World War. during a military conflict. The exhibition matej kunštek, shows the importance of the mark left by herve lemesle, Later, EUROM began to build contacts with the International Brigades in the society of ivona lenardić, the countries of the former Yugoslavia, so the former Yugoslavia. The final sections of ana lovreković, replete with memories and conflicting the exhibition describe the controversies nera meliš, stories. These countries had been home to surrounding the removal of plaques, street ivo mileusnić, many volunteers who came to fight in Spain. names, distinctions, and sculptures in dora milković, memory of the brigadistas. antonija mlacović, The idea of holding an exhibition grew from vjeran pavlaković, a seminar we held at the National Museum Without a doubt, memory is a permanent luka pejić, of Contemporary History of Slovenia, when process that obliges us to rethink the tina perić, its director, Kaja Širok, showed us the present. Not only do we learn from the past, lourdes prades, fascinating collections in her archive of the but with exhibitions like this one we consider irena radoslav, Slovenian brigadistas: personal documents, international values, the values of European ana rajković, letters, photographs, official texts, and even construction, critical and analytical debates, bruno raguž, the belongings of the volunteers. Over time, but we also reinforce our democratic juanio romero, the idea took hold and together with the memory through learning. All that remains carlota sànchez vidal, historian Vjeran Pavlaković, a professor at is to congratulate the authors and everyone jelena sertić, the University of Rijeka, and Oriol López, the involved in the creation of the exhibition on diana stanić, coordinator of the EUROM, we embarked on this fine achievement. ana šumanović, a debate that is not just national or regional, bruno vignjević, but applies a very broad perspective to the jordi guixé, director of eurom katarina vukelić, international memory of the Spanish Civil kayli wren, War through the involvement of foreign korina zoretić and lucija žic. volunteers. Other historians soon joined our project and a transnational working group Special thanks to Emanuela Erasmus for was created. translating the texts and her help with the research, and to Cel Muñoz for the translation into Spanish. 4 5 En las dos últimas décadas se han Como resultado, hoy presentamos el Agradecimientos Tijekom protekla dva desetljeća, udruge Kao rezultat našeg rada, danas Zahvale multiplicado las asociaciones de catálogo de la exposición titulada Los članova Internacionalnih brigada, te broj predstavljamo katalog izložbe naslovljen brigadistas o amigos de brigadistas, las voluntarios yugoslavos en la guerra civil Esta exposición ha sido posible gracias a los prijatelja Brigada se uvećavao, zajedno s “Jugoslavenski dobrovoljci u Španjolskom Ovu izložba je ostvarena trudom i zaslugama conmemoraciones y los homenajes, española: historia y memoria cultural, que socios del Museo Marítimo e Histórico de posvećenim komemoracijama i počastima, građanskom ratu: povijest