Enari Tsuneo Exhibition : Japan and Its Forgotten War: Showa Notes • Data about each photograph are provided in the following order: number, title, comment, place and date of shoot- List of Works ing, size of the print (mm), type, and owner. • All works for which no owner is stated are in the collection of the photographer. • Enari Tsuneo wrote the commentaries on each section and the commentary on the Islands of Wailing Ghosts. 8 16 24 32 41 49 Islands of Wailing Ghosts Th e Remains of a “Donryu” Susupe Beach, Where the U.S. Marker for the Grave of an Western Cave, the Headquarters “Block House” in Ormoc Inside the Navy Medical False Manchukuo Type 100 Heavy Bomber Forces Landed Unknown Sailor of Infantry Corps No. 222 Th e U.S. forces attacked Ormoc, in Division Bunker Th e bomber is lying in the jungle. The beach was stained with blood Many of the U.S. sailors who were Because a field hospital was also the west; the Japanese, defending it, A chamber pot and other medical It has been 70 years since the attack on Pearl Harbor, the opening Th e adjacent Alexishafen airfi eld has from close combat between the killed at Pearl Harbor rest in the located in the cave, when it was were destroyed completely. These supplies, a kettle, a washbowl, and Th e Manchurian Incident contrived by Japan’s Kwantung Army battle in World War II in the Pacifi c. Th ree years and eight months returned to the wild but the huge Japanese and the Americans. Today, National Memorial Cemetery in bombed and set on fi re, many sick ruins of what was a palatial mansion other supplies are scattered inside the took place in the outskirts of Mukden (now Shenyang) on later, in the cruelest act of that war, atomic bombs were dropped on bomb craters remain highly visible. it is the center of a resort that attracts Punchbowl. or wounded soldiers died in agony. show the madness of war. bunker, which is lit with an electric September 18, 1931. On March 1 of the following year, a new Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Madang, Papua New Guinea, March, many Japanese tourists. Oahu, Hawaii, May, 2005 Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 light bulb. nation, Manchukuo, was established. Puyi, the last Qing Dynasty 2009 Saipan, North Mariana Islands, 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, In Japan, however, the lessons of the Showa era wars in Asia 995 × 995, Chromogenic print December, 2004 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of June, 2009 emperor of China, was appointed its ruler, and Manchukuo was and the Pacifi c are largely ignored. Memories have faded and been 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Photography 33 Photography 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print proclaimed a paradise on earth, where five peoples, Japanese, displaced by the myth of the postwar economic miracle. For 38 9 Gasoline Tanks Apparently Manchurian, Chinese, Mongol, and Korean, would live happily years, I have been photographing the voiceless people to whom Bosnik Beach, Site of the U.S. 17 25 Used in Fire Attack on Cave 42 50 together. But while Manchukuo was, in theory, an independent Forces’ Landing Banzai Cliff Monument to Japanese Air Imagine this pitch-dark cave sud- War Memorial at the Foot of A Wall Painting of the Stars and those wars brought death and tears, questioning the Japanese atti- Th e American military landed forces During the Battle of Saipan, many Crew Members denly turned into fl aming chaos. the Canquipot Mountains Stripes state, it was, in fact, a puppet of the Japanese military. Land was tude toward that history. of overwhelming strength from this local civilians, dragged into the war, Th e U.S. military gave Japanese air Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 The Amereicans attacked the Th e U.S. forces landed on the south- “purchased” from the original inhabitants at prices that amounted As part of that project, I have in recent years traveled to the beach, in the southeastern part of the threw themselves off this cliff . crew members who were killed in 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Japanese from both Tacloban in the ern coast of Iwo Jima; four days later to confi scation, and they found themselves conscripted as forced islands of the Pacifi c where some of the fi ercest battles of those wars island, raining their fi repower upon Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, the attack on Pearl Harbor military Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of east and Ormoc in the west. Some they raised the Stars and Stripes on labor. Countless people saw their human rights trampled and were the Japanese forces engaging them. July, 2009 funerals and built them this monu- Photography 15,000 Japanese soldiers died from Mount Suribachi to signal victory. were fought. What came to my mind there was “wailing ghosts,” Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 995 × 995, Chromogenic print ment. starvation and disease at the foot of Th e battle continued, however, for forced to shed both blood and tears. a phrase that the Tang dynasty Chinese scholar Li Hua used to 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Oahu, Hawaii, May, 2005 34 the Canquipot Mountains. a month. On August 9, 1945, Soviet forces invaded Manchukuo. Only describe an ancient battlefi eld “where the voices of the restless souls 18 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Portraits of Deceased Soldiers Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, thirteen years and six months after its founding the illusion that was of the dead can still be heard.” 10 Th e Monument to the Loading Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Off ered at Memorial 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print June, 2006 Manchukuo was no more. In the war in the Pacifi c, 2.4 million Japanese soldiers and Remains of a Japanese Soldier, of the Atomic Bomb to be Photography Each photograph embodies the tears 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print After the war, I visited China to investigate the status of the Left Unburied Dropped on Hiroshima of mourning family members and 43 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of sailors died, 80,000 in the battle for Leyte, in the Philippines, the 12,000 Japanese troops died on Biak. Here the atomic bomb Little Boy was 26 loved ones. Starvation in Canquipot Photography Japanese war orphans left in China during Manchukuo’s collapse. most desperate of its battles. According to the Ministry of Health, Of them, the remains of about 850 loaded aboard the B-29 Enola Gay, Gifu Hills near Mount Austen Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Starving Japanese soldiers, having Th en, starting in the spring of 1981, and continuing until 1995, Labour and Welfare, the bones of only 16,000 have been returned have been recovered and repatri- which took off for Hiroshima. It is said that this fortified hillside 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print been driven into the mountains, stole 51 I traveled all over the region that had been Manchukuo. What food from the local people and ate to Japan. But Leyte was only one battle. Th e ghosts of those euphe- ated since 1999 (Pacifi c War History Tinian, Northern Mariana Islands, position was named Gifu after the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Tombs on the Island burned itself into my heart and mind was the spiritual gap between Museum—Japan). December, 2004 Gifu unit, which fought there. Photography snakes, lizards, and rats. Cannibalism Th e Japanese military forced the resi- mistically called “fragments of jade,” who died when Japanese Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 995 × 995, Chromogenic print The remains of what appear to be also occurred. dents of the island to evacuate to the the magnanimity of the Chinese foster parents who had raised their forces on Peleliu in the Palau archipelago, on Saipan and Tinian 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Japanese soldiers have been found 35 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 Japanese mainland before the battle. colonizers’ orphaned children, and we Japanese, who repress the in the Northern Marianas, on Iwo Jima in the Ogasawaras, and on 19 near the summit. French Penny Flowers on 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Of the 1,000 residents, 82 remained. awareness that we were invaders. 11 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, January, Memorial The former residents of Iwo Jima Okinawa, the last great battle in defense of the Japanese homeland, Ruins of the Japanese Naval 44 After the resumption of diplomatic relations between Japan Sky over Biak Communications Unit 2007 Th e bodies of most Japanese soldiers still have a strong attachment to the are still weeping. Several relatives of the dead held a 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print killed on Biak remained exposed or Th e Japanese Navy No. 5 island. and China, a deep chasm between our understandings of modern Transmitter Station Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, Sixty-six years after Japan’s defeat, Japan is a nation of over- small memorial service. When they Th e telegraph message with the “tora were simply buried. Ground Unit Headquarters history appeared. To Chinese, Manchukuo is always the “false off ered incense to the remains of the Photography Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Bunker June, 2009 stuff ed gluttons who have lost their morale and take human life tora tora” code signifying the attack on 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Manchukuo.” Th at is what they always call it. Only a handful of dead, two or three butterflies flut- Pearl Harbor was relayed here for trans- 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Witnesses reported that the bunker too lightly.