Enari Tsuneo Exhibition : Japan and Its Forgotten War: Showa

Notes • Data about each photograph are provided in the following order: number, title, comment, place and date of shoot- List of Works ing, size of the print (mm), type, and owner. • All works for which no owner is stated are in the collection of the photographer. • Enari Tsuneo wrote the commentaries on each section and the commentary on the Islands of Wailing Ghosts.

8 16 24 32 41 49 Islands of Wailing Ghosts Th e Remains of a “Donryu” Susupe Beach, Where the U.S. Marker for the Grave of an Western Cave, the Headquarters “Block House” in Ormoc Inside the Navy Medical False Manchukuo Type 100 Heavy Bomber Forces Landed Unknown Sailor of Infantry Corps No. 222 Th e U.S. forces attacked Ormoc, in Division Bunker Th e bomber is lying in the jungle. The beach was stained with blood Many of the U.S. sailors who were Because a field hospital was also the west; the Japanese, defending it, A chamber pot and other medical It has been 70 years since the attack on Pearl Harbor, the opening Th e adjacent Alexishafen airfi eld has from close combat between the killed at Pearl Harbor rest in the located in the cave, when it was were destroyed completely. These supplies, a kettle, a washbowl, and Th e Manchurian Incident contrived by Japan’s Kwantung Army battle in World War II in the Pacifi c. Th ree years and eight months returned to the wild but the huge Japanese and the Americans. Today, National Memorial Cemetery in bombed and set on fi re, many sick ruins of what was a palatial mansion other supplies are scattered inside the took place in the outskirts of Mukden (now Shenyang) on later, in the cruelest act of that war, atomic bombs were dropped on bomb craters remain highly visible. it is the center of a resort that attracts Punchbowl. or wounded soldiers died in agony. show the madness of war. bunker, which is lit with an electric September 18, 1931. On March 1 of the following year, a new Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Madang, Papua New Guinea, March, many Japanese tourists. Oahu, Hawaii, May, 2005 Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 light bulb. nation, Manchukuo, was established. Puyi, the last Qing Dynasty 2009 Saipan, North Mariana Islands, 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, In Japan, however, the lessons of the Showa era wars in Asia 995 × 995, Chromogenic print December, 2004 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of June, 2009 emperor of China, was appointed its ruler, and Manchukuo was and the Pacifi c are largely ignored. Memories have faded and been 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Photography 33 Photography 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print proclaimed a paradise on earth, where five peoples, Japanese, displaced by the myth of the postwar economic miracle. For 38 9 Gasoline Tanks Apparently Manchurian, Chinese, Mongol, and Korean, would live happily years, I have been photographing the voiceless people to whom Bosnik Beach, Site of the U.S. 17 25 Used in Fire Attack on Cave 42 50 together. But while Manchukuo was, in theory, an independent Forces’ Landing Banzai Cliff Monument to Japanese Air Imagine this pitch-dark cave sud- War Memorial at the Foot of A Wall Painting of the Stars and those wars brought death and tears, questioning the Japanese atti- Th e American military landed forces During the Battle of Saipan, many Crew Members denly turned into fl aming chaos. the Canquipot Mountains Stripes state, it was, in fact, a puppet of the Japanese military. Land was tude toward that history. of overwhelming strength from this local civilians, dragged into the war, Th e U.S. military gave Japanese air Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 The Amereicans attacked the Th e U.S. forces landed on the south- “purchased” from the original inhabitants at prices that amounted As part of that project, I have in recent years traveled to the beach, in the southeastern part of the threw themselves off this cliff . crew members who were killed in 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Japanese from both Tacloban in the ern coast of Iwo Jima; four days later to confi scation, and they found themselves conscripted as forced islands of the Pacifi c where some of the fi ercest battles of those wars island, raining their fi repower upon Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, the attack on Pearl Harbor military Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of east and Ormoc in the west. Some they raised the Stars and Stripes on labor. Countless people saw their human rights trampled and were the Japanese forces engaging them. July, 2009 funerals and built them this monu- Photography 15,000 Japanese soldiers died from Mount Suribachi to signal victory. were fought. What came to my mind there was “wailing ghosts,” Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 995 × 995, Chromogenic print ment. starvation and disease at the foot of Th e battle continued, however, for forced to shed both blood and tears. a phrase that the Tang dynasty Chinese scholar Li Hua used to 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Oahu, Hawaii, May, 2005 34 the Canquipot Mountains. a month. On August 9, 1945, Soviet forces invaded Manchukuo. Only describe an ancient battlefi eld “where the voices of the restless souls 18 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Portraits of Deceased Soldiers Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, thirteen years and six months after its founding the illusion that was of the dead can still be heard.” 10 Th e Monument to the Loading Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Off ered at Memorial 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print June, 2006 Manchukuo was no more. In the war in the Pacifi c, 2.4 million Japanese soldiers and Remains of a Japanese Soldier, of the Atomic Bomb to be Photography Each photograph embodies the tears 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print After the war, I visited China to investigate the status of the Left Unburied Dropped on Hiroshima of mourning family members and 43 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of sailors died, 80,000 in the battle for Leyte, in the Philippines, the 12,000 Japanese troops died on Biak. Here the atomic bomb Little Boy was 26 loved ones. Starvation in Canquipot Photography Japanese war orphans left in China during Manchukuo’s collapse. most desperate of its battles. According to the Ministry of Health, Of them, the remains of about 850 loaded aboard the B-29 Enola Gay, Gifu Hills near Mount Austen Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Starving Japanese soldiers, having Th en, starting in the spring of 1981, and continuing until 1995, Labour and Welfare, the bones of only 16,000 have been returned have been recovered and repatri- which took off for Hiroshima. It is said that this fortified hillside 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print been driven into the mountains, stole 51 I traveled all over the region that had been Manchukuo. What food from the local people and ate to Japan. But Leyte was only one battle. Th e ghosts of those euphe- ated since 1999 (Pacifi c War History Tinian, Northern Mariana Islands, position was named Gifu after the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Tombs on the Island burned itself into my heart and mind was the spiritual gap between Museum—Japan). December, 2004 Gifu unit, which fought there. Photography snakes, lizards, and rats. Cannibalism Th e Japanese military forced the resi- mistically called “fragments of jade,” who died when Japanese Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 995 × 995, Chromogenic print The remains of what appear to be also occurred. dents of the island to evacuate to the the magnanimity of the Chinese foster parents who had raised their forces on Peleliu in the Palau archipelago, on Saipan and Tinian 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Japanese soldiers have been found 35 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 Japanese mainland before the battle. colonizers’ orphaned children, and we Japanese, who repress the in the Northern Marianas, on Iwo Jima in the Ogasawaras, and on 19 near the summit. French Penny Flowers on 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Of the 1,000 residents, 82 remained. awareness that we were invaders. 11 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, January, Memorial The former residents of Iwo Jima Okinawa, the last great battle in defense of the Japanese homeland, Ruins of the Japanese Naval 44 After the resumption of diplomatic relations between Japan Sky over Biak Communications Unit 2007 Th e bodies of most Japanese soldiers still have a strong attachment to the are still weeping. Several relatives of the dead held a 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print killed on Biak remained exposed or Th e Japanese Navy No. 5 island. and China, a deep chasm between our understandings of modern Transmitter Station Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, Sixty-six years after Japan’s defeat, Japan is a nation of over- small memorial service. When they Th e telegraph message with the “tora were simply buried. Ground Unit Headquarters history appeared. To Chinese, Manchukuo is always the “false off ered incense to the remains of the Photography Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Bunker June, 2009 stuff ed gluttons who have lost their morale and take human life tora tora” code signifying the attack on 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Manchukuo.” Th at is what they always call it. Only a handful of dead, two or three butterflies flut- Pearl Harbor was relayed here for trans- 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Witnesses reported that the bunker too lightly. Th irty thousand a year kill themselves. This sickness 27 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Japanese, living in a Japan that refuses to approach China and its tered about the area. mission to Imperial Headquarters. Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of and its surrounding area were fi lled Photography in Japanese society is, I believe, continuation of Japan’s refusal to Biak, Indonesia, July, 2007 Tinian, the Northern Mariana Islands, Remains of a U.S. Grumman Photography with bodies when the Japanese forces modern history with a positive attitude, are even aware of this fact. acknowledge the crimes committed during the Showa wars and our 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Corsair Fighter were destroyed on Saipan. What we Japanese must never forget is tens of millions of December, 2004 52 unwillingness to speak frankly about them. We must reawaken a 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Th e main fi ghter used in the latter 36 Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, Chinese who were sacrifi ced in the founding of Manchukuo and 12 part of the War in the Pacifi c. Its per- A Zero Fighter Crashed into December, 2007 Buddhist Altars of Extinct healthy awareness of our modern history and its implications. formance surpassed that of the Zero 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Families the Second Sino-Japanese War, a war of aggression that led directly Underground Bunkers Dug 20 the Sea Th roughout the Island fighter, the pride of the Japanese Palau is now a South Seas resort area and Th e sites of houses formerly inhab- to the war in the Pacifi c. Acceptance of the unvarnished truth about Mount Suribachi and Minami forces. a popular destination for Japanese tour- 45 ited by families that have entirely Th e Japanese forces hid in the bun- Beach the past is the sine qua non of our co-existence as human beings. kers and waited to engage in hand- Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, January, ists, but few are interested in the war. Shells in the Bunker died out are dotted throughout The desperate battle for Iwo Jima 2007 Koror, Palau, October, 2004 It appears that starving Japanese sol- the Kyamu and Mabuni regions of 5 to-hand combat with the U.S. forces. started from this beach. Almost all 1 The beach where the Americans 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print diers caught and ate snails from the Itoman City in southern Okinawa. Names of the Dead Engraved Plume of Smoke Rising from the Japanese troops on the island Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of jungle. Okinawa, July, 2005 Mt. Tavurvur landed, known as Orange Beach, died in battle. Th e U.S. also suff ered in Marble at the USS Arizona was stained with blood. Photography Photography Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print 56 Memorial Museum In the foreground is the site of the largest casualties of any battle in December, 2007 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of 61 the Japanese Navy’s East Airfield. Peleliu, Palau, October, 2004 the Pacifi c theater. Portrait of the Emperor Mukden Yamato Hotel (now Ten US naval vessels were sunk in the 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 28 37 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Photography of Manchukuo, Puyi Japanese surprise attack. Today 1,102 Fleet Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, Ruins of the No. 11 Aviation the Liaoning Hotel) Sagamihara City June, 2009 Hibiscus, Flower of the South (Aishinkakura Fugi) of the battleship Arizona’s crewmen Commander-in-chief of Japan’s Corps Command Post Seas 46 53 Shenyang, 1990 Combined Fleet, took off from here 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Jilin Museum of History, Changchun, 1450 × 995, Gelatin silver print are entombed within it. 13 A last conference was, it is said, held On the tiny island of Peleliu, Peipeinigul Battery Commendation Awarded a in a navy aircraft that was shot down Sagamihara City 1989 Sagamihara City Oahu, Hawaii, May, 2005 Underground Bunker and here before Admiral Yamamoto some 10,000 Japanese and 40,000 Th e Japanese battery promptly sank Soldier Killed in the War 1450 × 995, Gelatin silver print 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print on Bougainville Island, where he Isoroku, Commander-in-Chief of U.S. submarine chasers and other Th e Irei family has entirely died out. died. Memorial to the Dead 21 American soldiers fought each other. Sagamihara City 62 Sagamihara City the Combined Fleet, was killed. Peleliu, Palau, October, 2004 vessels, but all but two of the 70 sol- Th e eldest son, Takeshi, was killed Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, February, Colonel Nakagawa Kunio, who led General Kuribayashi’s Bunker, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, February, 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print diers manning it were killed in the in the war; the parents survived the Japanese Settler’s House, 2009 the Japanese in the Battle of Peleliu, Headquarters for the Japanese 57 Nagano, Chiburi Village (now 2 telegraphed the message “Sakura, 2009 Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of American attack. Battle of Okinawa but later died. Th e Manchurian Incident 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Forces 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Tinian, the Northern Mariana Islands, Huanan) Pattern Formed by Oil Seeping sakura,” signaling that he was choos- Photography Takeshi’s name is recorded on the Proclamation Arizona Iwo Jima had 18 kilometers of December, 2004 mortuary tablet above. Huanan, Heilongjiang Province, 1995 up from the ing honorable death over surrender, Jilin Museum of History, Changchun, 6 underground tunnels and bunkers. 29 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Okinawa, July, 2005 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Americans call these drops of oil and then committed ritual suicide at, 38 1989 “black tears,” shed by the battleship Huge Bunker Dug into a Lieutenant General Kuribayashi Interior of the Aviation Corps Disintegrating U.S. Bomber Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Sagamihara City Mountain by the Sea it is thought, this spot. commanded his troops from here; 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Arizona for those who died in the Peleliu, Palau, October, 2004 Command Post In the jungle, the remains of a U.S. Photography Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Perhaps it also served to conceal how he died remains unknown. Sagamihara City war. 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print As he lost control of the sky and the amphibious tank also caught my eye. Photography 63 boats. Th e bunker, large enough for Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, Oahu, Hawaii, May, 2005 Sagamihara City sea, what orders did the commander Angaur, Palau, October, 2004 47 Ishikawa, Chiburi Village (now June, 2006 58 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print trucks to drive in, draws the eye. Th e issue? This operational map was 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print In the Wilds of Tinian 54 Huanan) material fl oating in the pools of water 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Kwantung Army Headquarters Huanan, Heilongjiang Province, 1995 14 drawn on the ceiling. Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of More than 12,000 soliders and civil- Human Bones gave off an eerie glow. Sagamihara City (now used by the Jilin 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 3 Th e Remains of a Japanese Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, February, Photography ians, including over 2,000 Koreans, Civilians were also caught up in Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, February, 2009 were killed in the battle of Tinian. the Battle of Okinawa. Th e toll was Committee of the Chinese Sagamihara City Flame Tree Blossoms Soldier, Found in a Cave Starvation and disease caused most of 2009 22 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 39 Tinian, the Northern Mariana Islands, about 188,000 soldiers and civilians, Communist Party) 995 × 995, Chromogenic print I off ered incense to the remains and Garabi Bunker December, 2004 of whom 94,000 were ordinary civil- Changchun, 1989 the deaths of Japanese troops on the joined my hands in prayer. My sweat Red Beach, Where the U.S. island of Guadalcanal; the island was (Nunumachigama) 30 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print ian residents of Okinawa 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 7 dampened the camera’s focus screen, Forces Landed Sagamihara City nicknamed “Starvation Island.” Th e Imperial Army’s 24th Division Japanese Battery by an Inlet Th e waves of the cobalt-blue ocean Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Okinawa, July, 2009 A Giant Tree that Witnessed the making the skull look as though it located its No. 1 Field Hospital in this Photography 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, January, were weeping. Th e site remains intact because there wash the wreckage of weapons. 2007 Horrors of the Fighting in New cave. It is said that some 500 sick and 59 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 was no heavy fi ghting on land here. Angaur, Palau, October, 2004 995 × 995, Chromogenic print Guinea wounded soldiers left behind here Madang, Papua New Guinea, February, 48 55 Torii Gate at Shinkyo Shrine 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print The remnants of the defeated during the final battle were eutha- 2009 Battery on Mount Osaka Mass Suicide at Mount (now the Changchun Municipal Sagamihara City Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of 4 Japanese forces, suff ering more from nized here. 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Photography This gun emplacement on a small Nishiyama on Tokashiki Island Kindergarten) starvation and disease than from the Okinawa, July, 2009 hill in the north of the island is Changchun, 1989 U.S. Amphibious Vehicle 15 Th e Americans attacked the Kerama Th e U.S. forces landed at Red Beach, fighting itself, wandered through 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 31 40 scarred by the shells that struck it in Islands before landing on the island 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print this area, leaving fallen troops where White Bougainvillea Flowers the fi erce fi ghting. of Okinawa. In face of the attack, Sagamihara City near the airfi eld at Lunga Point, as In the town of Villaba, at the foot of Huge Propeller from a Japanese Red Beach, Tacloban well as here, at Tetera. they lay. 23 Naval Vessel Iwo Jima, the Ogasawara Islands, a tragic mass suicide occurred here the Canquipot mountains, where the The Americans sent in four divi- 60 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, January, Madang, Papua New Guinea, February, A Japanese Soldier’s Boots Th e remains of barracks and tanks sions, 100,000 troops, landing June, 2009 in which 330 civilians, relatives and 2009 troops suff ered the agonies of starva- During the Battle of Okinawa, 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print family members, killed each other. Remains of the Kwantung Army 2007 tion, my eyes were drawn to these by the inlet near the battery indicates from this beach on the east down to 995 × 995, Chromogenic print 995 × 995, Chromogenic print 188,136 Japanese soldiers and civil- this was a military supply base. Dulag. Th ey annihilated the Japanese Okinawa, July, 2009 Unit No. 731 Boiler House tropical fl owers. ians were killed; of them, 94,000 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Pingfang, 1995 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 Madang, Papua New Guinea, March, forces. were in the military (National Health 2009 Leyte, Philippines, May, 2005 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Insurance and Relief Division, Sagamihara City Sagamihara City 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 585 × 390, Silver dye breach print Okinawa Prefecture). Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Okinawa, July, 2009 Photography 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Enari Tsuneo Exhibition : Japan and Its Forgotten War: Showa

81 88 102 108 Th e Children’s Manchukuo Hiroshima Kwak Bok Soon (then 17) Burnt Classroom Wall Nagasaki Komine Hidetaka (then 5) Yamakawa Noeko (then 20) Her family moved to Hiroshima when The wall is in the School Peace He was in a loquat field in Saigo She was in the Mitsubishi Munitions’ she was in the third grade, because of Museum of Hiroshima Municipal A quarter century had passed since I first visited Hiroshima. Karimata (now Nishiki-machi), tunnel factory in Sumiyoshi-machi, It is not clear how many Japanese orphans were left in China fol- I have been engaged in my solitary journey as a photographer for her father’s work, and she was given the Fukuro-machi Elementary School. Nagasaki, about 1.5 kilometers from Nagasaki, about 2.4 kilometers from lowing the Soviet Union’s entry into the last phase of the war in the nearly 40 years. For all these years, when I have thought about pho- Japanese name Hoshino Fukuko. She Of the 1,600 students at the school, Nine years had passed since the publication of Sleeping Souls of ground zero, when the bomb struck ground zero, when the bomb struck, Pacifi c. Some say 3,000, others 5,000. Manchukuo was founded tography, I have thought about why we take photographs. It has been was in Ote-machi, about 900 meters about 1,450 had been evacuated. Hiroshima. Th e relation of the atomic bomb to the universal theme and was burned on the arms, legs, but survived. Of fi ve family mem- from ground zero, when the bomb Th e 140 students who remained all of human survival was still a question deep inside me. and belly. He underwent surgery on bers, her mother was killed at home on March 1, 1932. Th e Japanese cabinet drew up a plan vefi years important to me to consider the integrity and the context of the art struck, and was buried under the debris, died in the atomic bombing. In the last period of the war in the Pacifi c, the USA dropped his legs three times. Of eight family in Ieno-machi, about 1.8 kilometers later to resettle fi ve million Japanese farmers, comprising one mil- we create when we come face-to-face with death and suff ering. but miraculously survived. Her brother, December, 2009 members, his grandfather died one from ground zero. Th e skeleton of lion households, in the new nation. As a result, at the time of Japan’s When I discovering a war bride among my kin, photographing who was three years old, did not. His 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print “Little Boy” on Hiroshima and “Fat Man” on Nagasaki. The week later of radiation sickness. her older sister was found in the city. defeat, there were Japanese pioneer groups totaling 270,000 indi- war orphans left in China, and exploring Manchukuo, I turned to last words were, “Water, please.” dead in Hiroshima numbered 140,000. In Nagasaki 75,000 were Bullied in elementary school, dis- Her younger sister was also in the city viduals living in approximately 1,000 settlements near the border a subject that had long been on my mind, Hiroshima. I began my May, 2009 89 killed. Hiroshima responded with anger to these crimes. Nagasaki criminated against as an adult, suf- during the bombing and died soon 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Arishige Kiyotoshi (then 8) responded with prayer. fering a broken heart, he has often after she fi nally reached home. with the Soviet Union. On the night, of August 9, 1945, when Hiroshima series in response to myLand of Illusion: Manchuria, which He was at home in Funairi-honmachi, thought of killing himself. October, 2008 Soviet forces attacked Manchukuo, this area became a battlefi eld. I published in 1995. My ongoing focus on Hiroshima, as a person 82 Hiroshima, about 1.5 kilometers from The contrast between angry Hiroshima and prayerful August, 2008 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Th ere were massacres, mass suicides, death from starvation and who had been scrutinizing the Showa era from a grassroots perspec- Melted Sheet of Glass ground zero, when the bomb struck. Nagasaki may be the result of the fact that the bomb that fell on 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print disease waiting for those who tried to fl ee. At least 80,000 of the tive, emerged because I wanted to make clear the karmic connections Where it was found is unknown. Th e Th e blast collapsed the house around Nagasaki fell on Catholic holy ground close to Urakami Cathedral; 109 between these subjects and the crimes of the Asia-Pacifi c War. glass apparently melted and then re- him, but his mother, who was outside, 103 A Red Cup pioneers lost their lives. hardened in a secondary aff ect of the rescued him. She was burned on her 8,500 Catholic believers were among the dead. Dr. Nagai Takashi A Melted Glass Bottle It was found in Yamazato-machi, In the title of this series, Xiaohai no Manshu (Th e Children’s On August 6, 1985, forty years had passed since the atomic atomic bombing. back, however, and died four days later. is himself a fervent Catholic, and in his Bells of Nagasaki he This relic was found under the Nagasaki, about 350 meters from Manchukuo), xiahoai is the Chinese word for “children.” Th e war bomb fell on Hiroshima. Hiroshima was now a city of a million In the collection of the Hiroshima Peace His sister, who had been with mother, describes the bomb as an act of divine providence. In brief, he ground when a house was being ground zero, during a search for Memorial Museum. April, 2010 died of radiation sickness soon after. argues that the elimination of nuclear weapons must express a rebuilt in Hirano-machi, Nagasaki, bodies. orphans left behind during this hell were raised by Chinese foster par- people, where, except for the Atomic Bomb Dome and the Peace 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print August, 2009 about 360 meters from ground zero. In the collection of the Nagasaki Atomic ents. Th irty-six years had passed by March, 1981, when the Japanese Memorial, the scars left by the bombing had disappeared. For more 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print spirit of forgiveness and love that leads to reconciliation for all of In the collection of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum. April, 2010 government began to investigate the status of the orphans. than a decade, I listened to survivors of the bombing describe the 83 humanity. Inspired by his example, I visited Nagasaki and took Bomb Museum. April, 2010 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print I met my fi rst orphans in Dalian, a month after the start of bitterness of their experience and their lives. I strove to capture Kuboura Hiroto (then 19) 90 photographs there as I had done in Hiroshima. 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print He was in the control room of JNR Glasses and Case Th e physical scars of the victims may fade away, but the psy- 110 the investigations. I wandered the streets of what had been the in my photographs the fl esh boiled away by the heat of the blast, Hiroshima Station, about 2 kilo- Th ese were found in the fi re-swept 104 Uchida Tsukasa (then 16) Japanese quarter with very mixed feelings. When I did meet the war bodies reduced to skeletons, those dying of radiation sickness. meters from ground zero, when the remains of Sakae-machi, Hiroshima, chological pain they endure will end only when they die. It was to Yoshida Katsuji (then 13) He was in the Mitsubishi Munitions orphans, who seemed to me like lost lambs, it was a shock. Time is cruel. Memories have faded, the survivors have died. bomb struck. After seeing a blue fl ash, about 500 meters from ground zero. convey that suff ering that I took photographs of objects, watches He was in Eri-machi, Nagasaki, factory in the city, about 1.4 kilome- Seeing their darkly sunburned faces and Mao suits, I won- Only a handful remain of those I photographed two decades ago he felt as though he had been struck In the collection of the Hiroshima and tableware that had once embodied human relationships, dis- about 850 meters from ground zero, ters from ground zero, when the bomb by a bat and lost consciousness. He Peace Memorial Museum (donated by torted and fused with the earth in which they were found. Th e love when the bomb struck. Tossed into struck and received serious injuries to dered who they really were. I had no words to describe what my and they are very old. underwent 13 operations and lost Hiragaki Ayano). April, 2010 a rice paddy, he lost consciousness. his head and neck. A relief party saved country had done and the crimes of the policies that had forced Th us it was that in Nagasaki, I found myself combining por- his left eye. He thought about killing 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print and the suff ering they embody speak clearly the message that these He hovered between life and death him. At home, about 200 meters from them into this position. traits of the survivors with images of things distorted by the thermal himself many times, but did not, tell- crimes against humanity must not be repeated. through 13 operations. His mental ground zero, his father and four sib- Th irty years later, these scenes of humanity abused during radiation, thousands of degrees centigrade, from the atomic blast. ing himself that a paradise could exist 91 and physical pain motivated him lings were all killed. He found their in the mind amidst pain. Kanai Noriko (then 16) to devote himself to the antinuclear ashes in the ruins of his home. Showa are still seared into my heart. Th ese “objets,” through their silence, conveyed to me the depth of May, 2009 She was working at the Hiroshima movement. Died in April, 2010, at July, 2008 the crime that left the survivors in incurable pain. 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Central Telephone Exchange in Naka- the age of 78. 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print machi, Hiroshima, about 550 meters 94 98 July, 2008 84 from the ground zero, as a member of Iwasaki Shizuka Maria (then 15) Taniguchi Sumiteru (then 16) 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 111 64 70 A Burnt Cap the volunteer corps, when the bomb She was at home in Motohara-machi He was on the street, delivering tele- Nagasaki Prefecture Air Defense A Japanese Settlement from the He Zhongren Th is cap was found in an area where struck. She doesn’t remember seeing (now Tsuji-machi), Nagasaki, about grams, in Sumiyoshi-machi, about 105 Headquarters (Tateyama Air- Manchukuo Period I lived in Dunhua, Jilin with my 75 78 buildings had been pulled down to a fl ash, but does remember that it was 1.8 kilometers from ground zero, 1.8 kilometers from ground zero, A Lump of Melted Glass raid Shelter) Huanan, Heilongjiang Province, 1991 parents and older sister and brother Takahashi Akihiro (then 14) Scorched Soap make a firebrake in Zakoba-machi pitch-dark after the explosion. In the when the bomb struck. Of 13 family when the bomb struck. Burned over Collected by a survivor of the atomic Th is facility was about 2.7 kilometers 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print until the Soviet Union entered the He was in the playground at Th is piece of soap was found at the (now Kokutaiji-machi), Hiroshima, school playground next door, children members, her stepmother, who was at his entire back and arms, with the bomb at the site of Mitsubishi Heavy burned black were calling for help. She home, and one of her younger broth- from ground zero. Th e governor and war. A year or two after the war, my Hiroshima Municipal Junior High Hiroshima Postal Savings Bureau about 1 kilometer from ground zero. skin dangling from his left arm, he Industries’ Nagasaki Saiwai-machi his staff were at work here when the 65 mother fell ill and my sister asked a School (now Motomachi High (now the Hiroshima Regional Postal In the collection of the Hiroshima suff ered radiation sickness and hovered ers, who was about 500 meters from had to lie on his stomach for a year Factory, about 1.2 kilometers from between life and death. ground zero, were killed. Her older bomb struck. Zhang Wenpu restaurant owner to take care of me. School), about 1.4 kilometers from Savings Bureau) in Senda-machi, Peace Memorial Museum (donated by and nine months, during which he ground zero. He had been working October, 2008 brother was killed overseas in the war. When the Soviet Union entered the Dunhua, Jilin Province, 1983 ground zero, when the atomic bomb Hiroshima, about 1.6 kilometers Nishisako Tetsuo). April, 2010 May, 2009 thought of nothing but killing him- there and miraculously survived. 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print war, my family—grandmother, mother, 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print exploded, and was burned on the from ground zero. 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print She decided to become a nun. self. He now devotes himself to the After recovering, he revisited the site older brother, older sister, and I—were back of his head, his back, and both In the collection of the Hiroshima Peace October, 2008 antinuclear movement. after recovering and found this lump 112 put on a train, then detained in a build- 71 hands and legs. He made it to his Memorial Museum (donated by Sawai 85 92 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print July, 2008 of glass. 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Okumura Ayako (then 8) ing in Harbin. I was taken in by my Mu Guizhi home in Kusatsu, nearly a wraith. Michiko). April, 2010 Teramae Taeko (then 15) Burned Distribution Board In the collection of the Nagasaki Atomic She was near her home in Shiroyama- fi rst foster father, and then, when I was I had a mother, father, and younger After 18 months of treatment, he 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print She working at the Hiroshima Telephone Th is board is in the Peace Museum of 95 Bomb Museum. April, 2010 99 machi, Nagasaki, about 800 meters about ten, by my second foster father. brother and sister. When the Soviet narrowly escaped death. He has told Exchange in Naka-machi, Hiroshima, the Hiroshima Municipal Honkawa Statue of the Virgin Mary, a 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print from ground zero, when the bomb Jixi, Heilongjiang Province, 1991 Union attacked, my family fled to his story of the atomic bombing 79 about 550 meters from ground zero, Elementary School, where 13 teach- Casualty of the Atom Bomb A Charred Pocket Watch struck. Her parents and six brothers 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Yanji. Th en we went back to Hunchun. more than 3,000 times. Tsuboi Sunao (then 20) when the bomb struck. After a white ers and 400 students were killed in Th is wooden statue was miraculously Th is watch was found in Hamaguchi- 106 were all killed. She alone escaped. My mother and sister died there, and August, 2009 He was in Fujimi-cho, about 1.2 flash and thunderous explosion, she the atomic bombing. found in the remains of the desto- machi, Nagasaki, about 300 meters Ikeda Sanae (then 12) An atomic bomb orphan, she has 66 my brother and I were taken in by a 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print kilometers from the ground zero, on prayed to the Buddha, alone in the December, 2009 ryed Urakami Cathedral, about 500 from ground zero, by a woman who She was in Fukuda-mura (now dark. Th en, pursued by fl ames, she ed fl often thought about killing herself Yin Shuqing Chinese family. his way to school, when the bomb 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print meters from the ground zero. Her searched for her husband for three Fukuda-machi), Nagasaki, about 2 by standing on the railroad tracks or Jixi, Heilongjiang Province, 1982 76 exploded. After being blown a few to Hijiyama hill. After hovering between eyeballs were blown off and her face days and found his body and this kilometers from ground zero, with her My mother, younger sister, and I life and death, she lost her left eye during throwing herself in a river. fl ed with other families in a horse- 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print Th e Basement of the Rest meters by the blast, he regained con- 93 burned by thermal radiation. watch. mother, when the bomb struck, and August, 2008 sciousness to fi nd his shirt in fl ames. surgery on her face. Her sister died ve fi July, 2004 In the collection of the Nagasaki Atomic received minor injuries. An older sister drawn wagon. On the way, I was left House in the Hiroshima Peace days after the bombing. Imaguchi Ken’ichi (then 6) 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print behind on the road between Mishan 72 Memorial Park His mother rescued him, but remem- He was in Funairi Elementary 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print Bomb Museum. April, 2010 and younger brother at home in Nishi- and Baoqing in Dong’an, where my Liu Deyong Formerly a fuel distribution station, bers nothing of the next 49 days. Th e May, 2009 School, about 2 kilometers from 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print machi (now, Eri-machi), Nagasaki, foster father found me. I lived near Mudanjiang Station with this building was about 170 meters doctors gave up on him repeatedly, 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print ground zero,when the bomb struck. 96 about 800 meters from ground zero. Boli, Heilongjiang Province, 1984 my parents and younger sister and from ground zero. Of the 37 people but he survived. He devotes himself After the flash, he found himself Shimohira Sakue (then 10) 100 Her older sister, two younger sisters, 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print brother. My parents died in a settle- in it when the bomb struck, only to the antinuclear movement. 86 under the debris in the dark but sur- She was inside an air-raid shelter in Hayashi Kyoko (then 15) and two younger brothers all died of ment in Shanhe while we were evac- Nomura Eizo, who was in the base- December, 2009 A Melted Rice Bowl vived with only minor injuries. His Aburagi-machi, Nagasaki, about 800 She was working, as part of the student radiation sickness, and she tearfully 67 uating. I was taken in by my foster ment, miraculously survived. 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Th is artifact was collected in Fukuro- father on active duty, and his mother meters from ground zero, when the mobilization eff ort, in the Ohashi fac- cremated their remains. Yu Guangde father there. I don’t know where my April, 2010 machi, Hiroshima, about 500 meters and four brothers were safe at home. bomb struck and narrowly escaped tory of Mitsubishi Munitions, about August, 2008 I had been stationed in Sanpenhe, sister and brother are. 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print 80 from ground zero. Th e white material As an artist, he has devoted his life to death. At home in Komaba-machi, 1.3 kilometers from ground zero, 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print Ning’an, Mudanjiang. I was taken in by a Wuchang, Heilongjiang Province, 1984 A Burnt Pocket Watch near the center appears to be bone. putting his memories of the ravages about 300 meters from ground zero, when the bomb struck. Many of her Chinese near a Kwantung Army depot. 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 77 Th is watch was found in the re-sweptfi In the collection of the Hiroshima of war on canvas. her mother and older sister were fellow workers died, but she narrowly 107 Linkou, Heilongjiang Province, 1982 Numata Suzuko (then 21) remains of Kako-machi, Hiroshima, Peace Memorial Museum (donated by September, 2009 reduced to charred bodies. Her older escaped, suff ering acute radiation sick- Carbonized Wooden Bricks on 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 73 She was in the Hiroshima Communi- about 1.1 kilometers from ground zero. Matsushige Sueko). April, 2010 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print brothers were also killed, one by the ness. She has been writing novels on the Face of a Concrete Wall Zhang Xiaoxia cations Bureau, about 1 kilometer In the collection of the Hiroshima Peace 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print atomic bombing and one overseas in the horrors of nuclear war, based on This relic is preserved at the Peace 68 I had a mother and older brother from ground zero, when the bomb Memorial Museum (donated by Yatagai battle. Her younger sister’s radiation her own experience, as a prayer to the Museum in Nagasaki Municipal Wang Yingjie and sister. In the autumn of 1945, struck. Because her injured left ankle Sadanori). April, 2010 87 sickness led her to kill herself. spirits of the victims. Shiroyama Elementary School, I had a mother, father, and younger my mother left me with a strolling festered, her leg was amputated at the 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print Kuwabara Chiyoko (then 14) June, 2008 August, 2009 about 500 meters from ground zero. brother; my father might have been entertainer, Man Yingku. He later thigh without anesthetic. She experi- She was helping tear down a building 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print About 1,350 of its 1,400 students handed me over to another strolling enced the horrors of hell in a refugee in Zakoba-machi (now, Kokutaiji- were killed by the atomic bomb. a soldier. In 1945, my mother left me 101 with foster parents in West Sanma performer, Zhang Danting. camp that stank of death. Her fi ance machi), Hiroshima, about 1 kilome- 97 May, 2009 Road, Xinjing, and went back to Acheng, Heilongjiang Province, 1983 was killed in the war, and she often ter from ground zero, when the bomb Ground Zero: Matsuyama- A Burned Hand Mirror 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print Japan with my younger brother. 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print thought about killing herself, until a struck. While wandering through the machi Stratum, Nagasaki It was collected in Shiroyama-machi, Yichun, Heilongjiang Province, 1983 Chinese parasol tree that had regen- dark city, she met five of her class- October, 2008 Nagasaki, about 500 meters from 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 74 erated itself gave her the courage to mates; together they headed for home 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print ground zero. A Manchukuo Period Japanese live on. in Ujina, looking like a collection of In the collection of the Nagasaki Atomic 69 Settlement August, 2009 ghosts. One of the fi ve died at home; Bomb Museum. April, 2010 A Home for Japanese Orphans Huanan, Heilongjiang Province, 1995 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print she hasn’t heard from any of the rest. 1450 × 995, Chromogenic print Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 1981 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print August, 2009 475 × 477, Gelatin silver print 995 × 995, Gelatin silver print