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T-110.5140 Network Application Frameworks and XML Mobile

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T-110.5140 Network Application Frameworks and XML Mobile Contents T-110.5140 Network Application Frameworks and XML Mobile Middleware Motivation Mobile Middleware Examples Summary 18.3.2008 Sasu Tarkoma Mobile Middleware I Mobile Middleware II Middleware is typically designed and Goals for middleware: implemented for fixed-network hosts fault-tolerance, adaptability, High bandwidth, low latency, reliable heterogeneity,scalability, resource sharing communication Mobile middleware Persistent storage and sufficient computing dynamically changing context power decoupled No mobility ) events, tuple spaces Mobile environment requires new Basic solution for wireless solutions ) Use a proxy Existing middleware services do not scale Previous lectures: mobility is challenging Small devices / embedded systems pose totally different challenges Secure Reflection WAE mobile XML Middleware routing In general, middleware provides IPv6 .NET Objects transparency to the underlying conditions XML mobility, Location transparency in RPC/RMI J2ME HIP In mobile environments this is not always desired Symbian NAF Sometimes we need to know about location changes, QoS changes, etc. Mobility Security Requirement for reflective middleware Wireless Should expose APIs for querying / changing CORBA important parameters Under development Plain IPv4 MIP 1 WAE Examples Wireless Application Environment (WAE) A suite of protocols and specifications for WAE optimizing data transfer for wireless communication J2ME WAP stack Symbian Focus on binary transmission MAEMO Protocols Android ) WSP (Wireless Session Protocol) Wireless CORBA • HTTP replacement, “compressed” ) WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol) Mobile Web Server • Request/response, more efficient than TCP Pervasive Computing Middleware ) WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security) Fuego • Based on TLS, may not be end-to-end with a gateway ) WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) • UDP replacement Programming model Web Access Data transformation encoded Client Gateway Server WAP gateway performs data transformation request request between WML (or XHTML) and HTML Data compression Encoders HTTP Technique are used for dealing with images and Decoders Server Web wireless other graphics Browser Adaptability User profile and device characteristics are stored in the WAP gateway Protocol encoded Gateways response CGI,.. Security response Secure Enterprise Proxy (SEP) using 128-bit encryption in WAP 1.2 Service discovery and mobility support WAP’s “walled garden” – WAP gateways are provided by ISP such as AOL Comparison WAE: current status WAE Other WAP Forum now in OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) HTML/JSHTML/JS WAE Other WAP 2.0, is a re-engineering of WAP using a cut- down version of XHTML with end-to-end HTTP SessionSession Layer Layer (WSP) (WSP) Gateway and custom protocol suite is optional. HTTP HTTP WAP used by many handsets TransactionTransaction Layer Layer (WTP) (WTP) 1.2 version introduced WAP Push (typically using an SMS message) TLSTLS - - SSL SSL SecuritySecurity Layer Layer (WTSL) (WTSL) Typically versatile networking stacks with also IPv6 support TransportTransport Layer Layer (WDP,UDP) (WDP,UDP) TCP/IPTCP/IP UDP/IPUDP/IP Bearers:Bearers: SMS,CDMA,.. SMS,CDMA,.. 2 Java 2 Platform Micro Edition (J2ME) Java for consumer electronics and embedded devices A virtual machine and a set of APIs Configurations and profiles Configurations ) two-low level APIs and optimized VMs • CDC, CLDC Profiles ) API specification on top of a configuration for complete runtime ) CLDC: MIDP ) CDC: Foundation, Personal Basis, Personal ) Specify both APIs and Configurations Source: http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/mobility/getstart/articles/survey/ ) Profiles defined using Java Community Process (JCP) J2ME optional packages CLDC Technology Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC); JSR 30, JSR 172: J2ME Web Services Specification JSR 139 Content Handler API (CHAPI) JSR 211 Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP); JSR 37, JSR 118 Information Module Profile, (IMP); JSR 195 allows the invocation of J2ME platform applications Java Technology for the Wireless Industry, (JTWI); JSR 185 from native applications and vice versa Wireless Messaging API (WMA); JSR 120, JSR 205 Security and Trust Services JSR-177 Mobile Media API (MMAPI); JSR 135 Location API for J2ME; JSR 179 J2ME Client Provisioning JSR-124 SIP API for J2ME; JSR 180 J2ME Client Provisioning Specification defines a FileConnection and PIM API (JSR-75) server partitioning standard for provisioning Security and Trust Services API for J2ME, (SATSA); JSR-177 applications. Mobile 3D Graphics; JSR-184 J2ME Web Services APIs, (WSA); JSR 172 Mobile Media API JSR-135 Bluetooth API (JSR-82, Motorola, Java Partner Site) J2ME Content Handler API, (CHAPI); JSR 211 CDC Technology Symbian Connected Device Configuration (CDC); JSR 36, OS for handheld devices with limited JSR 218 resources Foundation Profile, (FP); JSR 46, JSR 218 User interface framework Personal Basis Profile, (PBP); JSR 129, JSR 217 APIs (C++) Personal Profile, (PP); JSR 62, JSR 216 Tools J2ME RMI Optional Package, (RMI OP); JSR 66 Operating System JDBC Optional Package for CDC/Foundation Pre-emptive, multitasking, multithreading, Profile API; JSR 169 memory protection Java TV API; JSR 927 Event-based, active objects Java Secure Socket Extension for Connected Memory conservation, reliability, CPU Device Configuration (JSSE) optimizations 3 Software Components Symbian architecture Kernel UI Framework Manages and controls access to hw Java J2ME Hw-supported privileges, kernel mode Application Services Application Program with a user interface Runs in user mode in its own process Generic OS Comms Multimedia & Connec- Server Services Services Graphics Srv. tivity Srv. Program without a user interface Manages resources, provides interface to clients Base Services File server, window server, comms, .. Engine Application part that manipulates data, typically Kernel Services & Hardware Abstraction separate DLL MAEMO Open Source development platform for Nokia Internet Tablets and other Linux- based devices Maemo SDK www.maemo.org Android Wireless CORBA Mobile OS and application platform from Google CORBA does not support accessing Open Handset Alliance mobile objects or wireless Linux kernel communication Open Source (not yet available) Wireless CORBA specification Uses Java to build applications (Java SE class library parts from Apache Harmony project) Three basic requirements Optimized virtual machine called ”Dalvik” Invocations from mobile objects Runs .dex files (derived from .class or .jar) Invocations to mobile objects Relies on underlying system for process isolation, memory mng, and threading Wireless communication Independent of Sun and JCP Home bridge Java APIs for basic comms, location, SQLite, Access bridges OpenGL, SyncML Tunnelling over wireless Handoff protocols 4 Mobile IP vs. WCORBA Architecture• Redirects requests for • Abstract transport-independentservices on the terminal tunnel• Encapsulates, for GIOP forwardsmessages• Keeps or ignores track of the current • Other side end of the Access Bridgeaccess bridge MIP addresses host mobility, not object incoming GIOP messages • Encapsulate/decapsulates• Concrete tunnels for msgs TCP/IP, mobility • Decapsulates and forwards • GeneratesUDP/IP mobility and events WAP WDP. MIP does not specifically support • Protocolmessages requires from thereliable GIOP and tunnel wireless protocols ordered• Generates delivery mobility events • Lists available services MIP hides all handoff events location-aware services difficult to implement Handoffs Network Initiated Handoff Network initiated handoff started by an external application optional to support make-before-break Terminal initiated handoff terminal discovered a new Access Bridge make-before-break is required Access recovery The Home Location Agent is updated Old Access Bridges are informed Mobility events are generated in the visited domain and the terminal domain Mobile Web Server Overview Port of Apache web server to Symbian S60 Custom gateway to connect mobile servers with the Internet The firewall/NAT problem Webserver Browser Link 2 1 http://research.nokia.com/research/projects/m 3 obile-web-server/index.html 2.5/3G Operator Firewall DNS Gateway Internet By courtesy of Johan Wikman Presented in EuroOSCON 2006 5 Pervasive computing middleware Projects Key Issues UIC Heterogeneity of devices and networks: It helps users to specialize to the particular Fuego Core (HIIT) properties of different devices and network environments X-Middle Disconnected operations in mobile applications: It allows mobile users to share data when they are connected, or replicate the data and perform operations on them off-line when they are disconnected; data reconciliation takes place when user gets reconnected Mobile and wireless environments have different requirements than desktop Gaia Dynamic adaptation to the context of mobile applications: It supports the development and execution of portable applications in active spaces systems Lime Programming constructs which are sensitive to the mobility constraints: It explores User mobility, terminal mobility, connectivity, the idea by providing programmers with a global virtual data structure and a tuple space device characteristics, dynamic environments (Tspace), whose content is determined by the connectivity among mobile hosts Vision: A service application is Tspaces Asynchronous messaging-based
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