Brexit: Causes & Consequences
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Report of an Investigation in Respect Of
Report of an investigation in respect of - Vote Leave Limited - Mr Darren Grimes - BeLeave - Veterans for Britain Concerning campaign funding and spending for the 2016 referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU 17 July 2018 1 Other formats For information on obtaining this publication in a large-print or Braille version, please contact the Electoral Commission. Tel: 020 7271 0500 Email: [email protected] The Electoral Commission is the independent body which oversees elections and regulates political finance in the UK. We work to promote public confidence in the democratic process and ensure its integrity. 2 Contents 1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 4 2 The decision to investigate ............................................................................. 9 3 The investigation .......................................................................................... 12 4 The investigation findings ............................................................................. 16 Joint spending by Vote Leave and BeLeave ................................................... 16 Vote Leave’s spending limit ............................................................................. 21 Other issues with Vote Leave’s spending return ............................................. 24 BeLeave’s spending ........................................................................................ 25 Mr Grimes’ spending return ............................................................................ -
Brexit: Where Is the EU–UK Relationship Heading?
Simon Hix Brexit: where is the EU–UK relationship heading? Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Hix, Simon (2018) Brexit: where is the EU–UK relationship heading? Journal of Common Market Studies. ISSN 0021-9886 (In Press) DOI: 10.1111/jcms.12766 © 2018 University Association for Contemporary European Studies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/89976/ Available in LSE Research Online: August 2018 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. The JCMS Annual Review Lecture 2018 Brexit: Where is the EU-UK Relationship Heading?1 Simon Hix London School of Economics and Political Science 1 I would like to thank Angus Armstrong, Catherine Barnard, Theofanis Exadaktylos, Anand Menon, Jonathan Portes, Brendan O’Leary and Simon Usherwood for their helpful comments on an earlier version. -
Brexit Jargon Buster
Brexit Jargon Buster Brexit Jargon Buster • 1 2 • Brexit Jargon Buster AAgencies European Union agencies regulate a number of regimes for goods and services; the European Chemicals Agency in Helsinki regulates chemicals and biocides; the European Medicines Agency, formerly in London is now relocated in Amsterdam responsible for the scientific evaluation, supervision and safety monitoring of medicines in the EU; the European Aviation Safety Agency. AIFMD The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive. This EU Directive regulates the managers (AIFMs) of alternative investment funds (AIFs). AIFMD includes passporting rights (see separate definition) for EU AIFMs to market funds across the EU. The Directive also contains provisions allowing non-EU AIFMs to become part of the passporting regime by way of a ‘third country passport’ (see separate definition) which may, in the future, provide a means for UK AIFMs to retain passporting rights post-Brexit. Competition law Competition laws of the EU are set out in the TFEU. They are a very important aspect of the single market. The European Commission is tasked with developing policy and enforcing the law ensuring that the European Union remains free from business practices that could ultimately be harmful to competition and consumers. In doing so, the Commission works with national competition authorities which are obliged also to apply EU competition law as well as domestic law. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring businesses do not enter into anti-competitive agreements or abuse dominant positions in markets; the consequences of doing so can be severe. Brexit Jargon Buster • 3 The European Commission also assesses very large mergers and state aid. -
Goodwin, Matthew and Milazzo, Caitlin (2017) Taking Back Control?: Investigating the Role of Immigration in the 2016 Vote for Brexit
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham ePrints Goodwin, Matthew and Milazzo, Caitlin (2017) Taking back control?: investigating the role of immigration in the 2016 vote for Brexit. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 19 (3). pp. 450-464. ISSN 1467- 856X Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42452/1/Taking%20Back%20Control%20FINAL %20SUBMISSION%2028%20April%202017.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information, please contact [email protected] Taking Back Control? Investigating the Role of Immigration in the 2016 Vote for Brexit Matthew Goodwin University of Kent Canterbury, CT2 7NZ [email protected] Caitlin Milazzo University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD [email protected] Abstract The 2016 referendum marked a watershed moment in the history of the United Kingdom. The public vote to leave the EU –for a ‘Brexit’- brought an end to the country’s membership of the European Union (EU) and set it on a fundamentally different course. -
854 Final ANNEXES 1 to 3 ANNEXES to The
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 25.12.2020 COM(2020) 854 final ANNEXES 1 to 3 ANNEXES to the Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the Brexit Adjustment Reserve EN EN ANNEX I Allocation method for the pre-financing of the Brexit Adjustment Reserve The pre-financing of the Brexit Adjustment Reserve shall be distributed between the Member States according to the following methodology: 1. Each Member State’s share from pre-financing of the Brexit Adjustment Reserve is determined as the sum of a factor linked to the fish caught in the waters that belong to the UK Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and a factor linked to trade with the UK. 2. The factor linked to fish caught in the UK EEZ is used to allocate EUR 600 million. The factor linked to trade is used to allocate EUR 3 400 million. Both amounts are expressed in 2018 prices. 3. The factor linked to fisheries is determined on the basis of the following criterion and by applying the following steps: a) share of each Member State of the total value of the fish caught in the UK EEZ; b) these shares are increased for Member States with fisheries that have an above average dependency on the fish caughts in the UK EEZ and decreased for the ones that have a below average dependency as following: (i) for each Member State, the value of fish caught in UK EEZ as a percentage of the total value of fish caught by that Member State is expressed as an index of the EU average (index of dependency); (ii) the initial share of the value of fish caught in the UK EEZ is adjusted by multiplying it with the Member State’s index of dependency; (iii) these adjusted shares are rescaled to ensure that the sum of all Member States’ shares equals 100%. -
The Brexit Vote: a Divided Nation, a Divided Continent
Sara Hobolt The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Hobolt, Sara (2016) The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent. Journal of European Public Policy, 23 (9). pp. 1259-1277. ISSN 1466-4429 DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2016.1225785 © 2016 Routledge This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67546/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2016 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. The Brexit Vote: A Divided Nation, a Divided Continent Sara B. Hobolt London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ABSTRACT The outcome of the British referendum on EU membership sent shockwaves through Europe. While Britain is an outlier when it comes to the strength of Euroscepticism, the anti- immigration and anti-establishment sentiments that produced the referendum outcome are gaining strength across Europe. -
Singapore on the Thames : Model for a Post‑Brexit UK?
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Singapore on the Thames : Model for a Post‑Brexit UK? Martin, David 2020 Martin, D. (2020). Singapore on the Thames : Model for a Post‑Brexit UK? (RSIS Commentaries, No. 020). RSIS Commentaries. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/137261 Nanyang Technological University Downloaded on 30 Sep 2021 07:03:19 SGT Singapore on the Thames: Model for a Post-Brexit UK? By David Martin SYNOPSIS Last week, the UK formally exited the European Union. As it charts a new destiny outside the EU post-Brexit, the domestic debate is whether it should adopt the Singapore model of economic self-reliance. Can ‘Singapore on the Thames’ work? COMMENTARY ‘SINGAPORE ON the Thames’ has become an unfortunate shorthand for what many Brexiteers laud as a model for Britain’s economy, now that it has formally left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Unfortunate for Singapore because it promotes a flawed view of its economic success and an international image it could do without. Unfortunate for the United Kingdom because the version of the Singapore model it promotes is both undeliverable and certain to make any trade deal with the EU more difficult, if not impossible, to deliver. Singapore’s Image in Britain The image of Singapore being promoted is that of a low tax (even tax haven), unregulated, small government laissez faire paradise. The advocates of ‘Singapore on the Thames’ either ignore or are ignorant of the fact that on top of a relatively low tax rate the Central Provident Fund compels workers and employers to contribute 37% of wages and salaries. -
BREXIT DIVORCE BILL” Eulalia Rubio | Senior Research Fellow, Jacques Delors Institute
TRIBUNE 21 NOVEMBER 2017 UNDERSTANDING THE “BREXIT DIVORCE BILL” Eulalia Rubio | Senior research fellow, Jacques Delors Institute T he UK’s financial settlement, or so-called “Brexit divorce bill”, refers to the expected payment the United Kingdom has to make to the EU to honour its share of the financial commitments jointly undertaken by EU countries while the UK was a member of the European Union. In media and in public discussions, there is some con- remaining EU-27 should adjust the MFF to reflect the fusion with regard to the nature of this payment and fact that one of the biggest net contributors is leaving. the legal and political arguments supporting the EU’s However, enlargement differs from withdrawal in that claim. The UK media tends to label this payment as an it is a decision adopted unanimously by EU member “exit bill” the EU is imposing on the UK to open trade states, not imposed by one of them on the others. talks. Brexit bill talks are also frequently portrayed as classical, zero-sum money negotiations. In reality, dis- It is also important to note that part of spending com- agreements on the amount of the bill hide more pro- mitments linked to this MFF will be executed after found discrepancies regarding the nature and compo- 2020. This is the famous RAL or “Reste-à-Liquider”, sition of this payment and, ultimately, in relation to the that is, the amount of spending authorised in EU nature of EU membership and the purpose of Brexit annual budgets but still not executed. -
Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States
The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States Updated April 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33105 SUMMARY RL33105 The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and April 16, 2021 Relations with the United States Derek E. Mix Many U.S. officials and Members of Congress view the United Kingdom (UK) as the United Specialist in European States’ closest and most reliable ally. This perception stems from a combination of factors, Affairs including a sense of shared history, values, and culture; a large and mutually beneficial economic relationship; and extensive cooperation on foreign policy and security issues. The UK’s January 2020 withdrawal from the European Union (EU), often referred to as Brexit, is likely to change its international role and outlook in ways that affect U.S.-UK relations. Conservative Party Leads UK Government The government of the UK is led by Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the Conservative Party. Brexit has dominated UK domestic politics since the 2016 referendum on whether to leave the EU. In an early election held in December 2019—called in order to break a political deadlock over how and when the UK would exit the EU—the Conservative Party secured a sizeable parliamentary majority, winning 365 seats in the 650-seat House of Commons. The election results paved the way for Parliament’s approval of a withdrawal agreement negotiated between Johnson’s government and the EU. UK Is Out of the EU, Concludes Trade and Cooperation Agreement On January 31, 2020, the UK’s 47-year EU membership came to an end. -
Defining Snowflake in British Post-Brexit and US Post-Election Public Discourse
Science and Education a New Dimension. Philology, V(39), Issue: 143, 2017 www.seanewdim.com Defining snowflake in British post-Brexit and US post-election public discourse I. O. Alyeksyeyeva Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Paper received 20.10.17; Revised 24.10.17; Accepted for publication 25.10.17. Abstract. The paper addresses the meaning that the snowflake lexeme has acquired in public discourse in the post-Brexit UK and the post- election USA. The research of online publications and audience’s comments reveals that snowflake, metaphorical by origin, is used to denote a representative of Generation Y and, consequently, verbalizes an intergenerational divide. This semantic nucleus is coupled with the mean- ing ‘a psychological type that combines such traits as hypersensitivity, intolerance and sense of entitlement’, which invests the lexeme with negative connotations. When used in an argument, the connotative meaning may supplant the denotation, turning snowflake into a pejorative label. Keywords: lexeme, semantics, denotation, connotation, metaphor, snowflake generation. Introduction. Issues of generations and their peculiarities Baby Boom Generation (Prophet) made up of people born are the field of sociology and, for a number of reasons, be- between 1943-1960, Generation X (Nomad) born between came important in the 20th century. To keep the wheel of 1961-1981 and Millennial Generation also called Generation industry turning, manufacturers had to study consumers’ Y (Hero) born between 1982-2004. The youngest generation needs and turn to advertising agencies to promote products in (Generation Z or Post-Millennials) is not yet active partici- an appealing way. -
Curriculum Vitae of Danny Dorling
January 2021 1993 to 1996: British Academy Fellow, Department of Geography, Newcastle University 1991 to 1993: Joseph Rowntree Foundation Curriculum Vitae Fellow, Many Departments, Newcastle University 1987 to 1991: Part-Time Researcher/Teacher, Danny Dorling Geography Department, Newcastle University Telephone: +44(0)1865 275986 Other Posts [email protected] skype: danny.dorling 2020-2023 Advisory Board Member: ‘The political economies of school exclusion and their consequences’ (ESRC project ES/S015744/1). Current appointment: Halford Mackinder 2020-Assited with the ‘Time to Care’ Oxfam report. Professor of Geography, School of 2020- Judge for data visualisation competition Geography and the Environment, The Nuffield Trust, the British Medical Journal, the University of Oxford, South Parks Road, British Medical Association and NHS Digital. Oxford, OX1 3QY 2019- Judge for the annual Royal Geographical th school 6 form essay competition. 2019 – UNDP (United Nations Development Other Appointments Programme) Human Development Report reviewer. 2019 – Advisory Broad member: Sheffield Visiting Professor, Department of Sociology, University Nuffield project on an Atlas of Inequality. Goldsmiths, University of London, 2013-2016. 2019 – Advisory board member - Glasgow Centre for Population Health project on US mortality. Visiting Professor, School of Social and 2019- Editorial Board Member – Bristol University Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK Press, Studies in Social Harm Book Series. 2018 – Member of the Bolton Station Community Adjunct Professor in the Department of Development Partnership. Geography, University of Canterbury, NZ 2018-2022 Director of the Graduate School, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford. 2018 – Member of the USS review working group of the Council of the University of Oxford. -
Curriculum Vitae Simon
Simon Hix FBA FRSA Department of Social and Political Sciences European University Institute Via dei Roccettini 9 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy Principal Current Positions Stein Rokkan Chair in Comparative Politics (from September 2021) Associate Editor, European Union Politics Founder and Chairman, VoteWatch.eu AISBL (pro bono) Fellow of the British Academy Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts Education PhD in Political and Social Science, European University Institute, Florence, 1995 MSc(Econ) in West European Politics, LSE, 1992 BSc(Econ) in Government and History, LSE, 1990 Publications Books B9 Simon Hix and Bjørn Høyland (2021) The Political System of the European Union, 4th edn, London: Palgrave, forthcoming. B8 Simon Hix and Bjørn Høyland (2011) The Political System of the European Union, 3rd edn, London: Palgrave. Translated into Spanish, Albanian, and Romanian. B7 Simon Hix (2008) What’s Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It, London: Polity. B6 Simon Hix, Abdul Noury and Gérard Roland (2007) Democratic Politics in the European Parliament, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Translated into Romanian. Won the APSA Fenno Prize for best book on legislative studies in 2007. Honourable mention, EUSA, best book in 2007-08. B5 Simon Hix (2005) The Political System of the European Union, 2nd edn, London: Palgrave. Translated into Bulgarian, Greek, Lithuanian, Polish, Serbian, and Ukrainian. B4 Simon Hix and Roger Scully (eds) (2003) The European Parliament at Fifty. Special issue of Journal of Common Market Studies 41(2). B3 Klaus Goetz and Simon Hix (eds) (2001) Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass.