A Comparison of Dual and Non-Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method Of

Home , Nondualism, Transcendentalism

Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X

A Comparison of Dual and Non-Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts By Andrew Bosworth Introduction- This paper will found its claims in a philosophy emerging from the systems of phenomenology, moving through monism, pluralism and finding its fundamental assertion in transcendental nondualism. Non-duality is commonly found in Buddhist and Indian epistemological and ontological studies, however I assert that it converges with classical western phenomenological philosophy in a manner that provides fruitful dialectical understandings related to the synthesis of conflicting opposites in instances of political impasse. The underlying assumption on which the integral assertion is founded is that many challenges facing the evolution of a more unified global civilization is based on a single under-considered dialectic of dualism and non-dualism. The failure to adequately understand the implications of these dialectical opposites limits solutions, and limits insights into the conditions of each. The challenges of absolutism within monism, the difficulties of relativism within pluralism can each be aided by non-dualism, while the challenge of subjective ideology in transcendent non-dualism is aided by grounding in the pragmatic conditions created by monism and pluralism. If we apply the approach of which I argue for, to problems in social contexts, a pattern of balancing of oppositional synthesis emerges. To demonstrate the approaches integration of ideology and pragmatism, I will first describe its philosophical basis and then apply the pattern to political conflicts to give support to the assertion that this method can be effectively applied, toward peace or further conflict, as desired. GJHSS-F Classification : FOR Code : 160699p, 369999

A Comparison of Dual and Non-Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

© 2014. Andrew Bosworth. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A Comparison of Dual and Non-Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts

Andrew Bosworth

I. Introduction conclusion summarizing the integral factors of the 2014 paper.

his paper will found its claims in a philosophy Year

emerging from the systems of phenomenology, II. Section One: Non-Dual

43 moving through monism, pluralism and finding its Transcendentalism – Synthesizing Tfundamental assertion in transcendental non- Western and Eastern dualism. Non-duality is commonly found in Buddhist and Indian epistemological and ontological studies, Phenomenology however I assert that it converges with classical western This section will attempt to describe the phenomenological philosophy in a manner that provides dynamics of and between multiple phenomenological fruitful dialectical understandings related to the understandings of reality. Appropriately, we begin with synthesis of conflicting opposites in instances of political an understanding which claims a single reality; this view impasse. The underlying assumption on which the carries the label of phenomenological monism. We integral assertion is founded is that many challenges continue with another claim of more than one reality, this facing the evolution of a more unified global civilization is phenomenological pluralism; we will discuss several is based on a single under-considered dialectic of varieties of pluralism and several dynamics of dualism and non-dualism. The failure to adequately epiphenomena and link them back to a dualistic understand the implications of these dialectical monism. From there we will discuss the transcendental ) F

opposites limits solutions, and limits insights into the (

phenomenology of non-dual Jain logic and its inherent Volume XIV Issue II Version I conditions of each. The challenges of absolutism within system of perceptions. monism, the difficulties of relativism within pluralism can each be aided by non-dualism, while the challenge of a) Understanding Phenomenological Monism subjective ideology in transcendent non-dualism is The perception of a single reality or single aided by grounding in the pragmatic conditions created understanding of phenomena may be the most easily by monism and pluralism. If we apply the approach of generalized correlated ideological factor to both peace - which I argue for, to problems in social contexts, a and conflict. The claim of perceiving the one true pattern of balancing of oppositional synthesis emerges. understanding of reality or phenomena, for example of To demonstrate the approaches integration of ideology god, and the attempt to dominate those who have and pragmatism, I will first describe its philosophical argued a different perception has arguably been the basis and then apply the pattern to political conflicts to leading cause of war in human history. Ironically, and give support to the assertion that this method can be more importantly dualistically, the attempt to spread a effectively applied, toward peace or further conflict, as single unifying theory has also been argued as an desired. imperative of everlasting peace. Following this introduction, section one contains In an emergent dynamic this pattern repeats in discussion of the philosophy of phenomenology and the a whole spectrum of social interactions, not only Global Journal of Human Social Science implications of non-dual perceptions. Section two between the leaders of nations or those in control of contains discussion of case studies of social conflicts armies. Politically, monism correlates to claims of which give evidence for dialectical opposition. Section authoritarianism, fascism, despotism, but inversely and three contains a synthesis of the first two sections, dualistically it also correlates to singular virtuous, bridging the analysis to provide support for the benevolent actors or imperatives. Monism in ideology fundamental assertion of the paper and comprising the leads to claims of absolutism and the negative connotations associated with such a viewpoint. Monism is subscribed to with regularity within Author: e-mail: [email protected] national judicial forums where single deterministic

precedents rule. It occurs with regularity in the global between each dynamic of epiphenomenal relationships. monetary arena where zero-sum dynamics ensure that The former dualism has absolute oppositional points quantitative coherence is maintained. It seems that in while the latter absolutely lacks oppositional points and finite contexts phenomenological monism exists readily. is described by the continuum between them. Given Opposing the legal and monetary examples, these choices, it is understandable why relativism and modern history has largely demonstrated that monism in pluralism is so irreconcilable with monism views the public sphere is not wholly appropriate, and has necessary to uphold truths as understood as been opposed by pluralism where subjectivity based scientifically acceptable. imperatives, such as individual rights, are valued. It c) Understanding Phenomenological Non-Dualism seems however, and we will discuss more, how monism (Without Using Definitively Dualistic Descriptions) merely led us as a civilization to pluralism, and pluralism Dualistically, pluralism leads back towards to relativism and or epiphenomenal opposites and monism or further dualistic pluralism rather than to derivatives. I claim that monism may be usefully transcendental values. Evidence for this is the success perceived as pluralism with a negative opposition, and 2014 of dialectical trends such as the Marxist historical therefore can be understood as dualistic. dialectic or any wave theory. The desire for a Year

b) Understanding Phenomenological Pluralism transcendental phenomenology stems from the

44 Perhaps the least satisfying solution to dissatisfaction with the dualistically limited dialectical overcoming monism has been the sojourn into synthesis comprising of monism or pluralism and their pluralism. In the political arena pluralism in a positive repetition ad nauseum. Whether we can actually sense has created a check on absolute power through perceive and demonstrate a transcendental value is a an opposition party, while in another sense it has limited much more complex task. the ability to govern. In one sense it has given more In the social sphere the dialectic between choices for representation, and in another sense it has monism and pluralism occurs with regularity in limited representation through a weakening of each academia in both the natural sciences and the choice. In a more pertinent comparison dualism and humanities during ideological discourse in the process pluralism have directly caused polarization and of debating definitions used for qualitative analysis. If we intractable conflict. extend this pattern into the future we will have an ever In academia in the humanities pluralism has increasing amount of definitions each of which created space for an ever more increasing amount of correlates to an ever increasing amount of contexts in theories, definitions and perspectives both to beneficial the humanities, and if we are to use the last 70 years as )

and negative effects. While perhaps most importantly in an example the natural sciences will still be ignoring or F (

Volume XIV Issue II Version I the natural sciences Kuhn’s claim of an “essential failing to reconcile the examples of phenomena such as tension” may be argued as evidence of a necessary the wave/particle duality of light photons. This leads us dualism, despite the general understanding of to a lack of satisfaction if coherence is imperative, and predominate scientific monism and singular truths of a perhaps helps grow the volition needed to overcome ‘correct’ or ‘accepted’ scientific theory. such paradoxes with novel solutions perhaps inexorable Aside from the generalized examples put forth, from an evolution of phenomenological awareness. - pluralism itself needs to be further explored as One transcendent option, of which I nominate in mentioned in the introduction to this section. Pluralism this paper, is of an understanding incorporating non- denotes dualistic logic of either multiple absolute dualism into our conceptualization of reality. Defining perspectives, as in a multiverse theory, or a relative non-dualism is a challenge, just ask Thomas Kuhn as pluralism involving no absolutes but only degrees. the scientifically accepted paradigm of imperatives and Examples of each view can be found in physics and as theories based in the dualism of monism and pluralism, such neither of these solutions reconciles in a both oppositional and relative, are well established, transcendental manner the problems created by each. while the definition of non-duality may be considered Kuhn’s argued vehemently that the dichotomy of beyond the accepted paradigm. However, it is not “essential tension” is not relativistic, but could not merely bias for the status quo which makes non-duality Global Journal of Human Social Science adequately communicate just what it was (Kuhn, 1962). I indescribable. As discussed more comprehensively in claim that this is because he intuitively knew it was the next section, non-dual perspectives may give transcendental and non-dualistic but could not support phenomena a paradoxical appearance (hence its app- such an argument in a manner he or others perceived ropriateness for describing such paradoxes), it posits as valid or acceptable. Regardless of my claim, it was from the perspective similar to Wittgenstein that due to not relativism. inherent inescapable tautologies of logic that anything Looking further at two types of pluralistic but a qualified description results in potential fallacy, but dynamics, the first being multiple absolute and the in the modern positivist view that very qualification second being relative. There is a clear inverted dualism results in usually dismissed contextual half-truth. Non-

©2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) A Comparison of Dual and Non-Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts dual awareness has produced useable logic systems pluralism and a type of non-dual awareness defined by which we will elaborate upon to give a comparison to the Jain logic system. dualistic logic. As Wittgenstein demonstrated the As it’s already noted that non-dual logic doesn’t systemically inherent and maximally general foundation allow for an explicit description (as the language used in of logic systems (Ogden, 1922) we must compare the description would inherently be dualistic or it may system against system to see which offers the most simply be indescribable). The best foundational appropriate solutions. Unlike binary analytical logic, non- description of non-dualism may be through a comp- dualism we will find transcends at least classical arison of the logical systems associated with each, or of dualistic logic, as it accounts for it within its more the varied synthesis solutions created by applying the encompassing system1. awareness to the same dialectical equations. As we The non-dual Jain logic predicates that each of have already discussed the logical systems, let’s look at these may be true of phenomena and gives a sevenfold the difference between dualistic logical awareness and predication: (1). syād-asti—in some ways, it is, (2). syād- non-dualistic logical awareness applied to a Hegelian nāsti—in some ways, it is not, (3). syād-asti-nāsti—in dialectical synthesis of monism, pluralism, and 2014 some ways, it is, and it is not, (4). syād-asti-avakta- transcendentalism. Then we will look at the fundamental vyaḥ—in some ways, it is, and it is indescribable, (5). synthesis of dualism and non-dualism in relation to the Year

previous syntheses. syād-nāsti-avaktavyaḥ—in some ways, it is not, and it is

45 indescribable, (6). syād-asti-nāsti-avaktavyaḥ—in some i. Dualistic Synthesis 1: ways, it is, it is not, and it is indescribable, (7). syād- (Thesis) Monism versus (Antithesis) non-monism avaktavyaḥ—in some ways, it is indescribable (Grimes, = (Potential Synthesis) Monism or non-monism 1996). The empirical evidence for the existence of a If non-monism then pluralism or non-dual awareness, is based on new syntheses transcendentalism? between anticorrelated structures in the brain and the ii. Non-Dualistic Synthesis 1: ability to reorganize in more complex ways (Josipovic Z, 2012). It is appropriate that in this case the physical (Thesis) Monism versus (Antithesis) non-monism process parrallels the ideological process of a myriad of = (Potential Synthesis) Monism qualified (1) Non- potential syntheses. monism qualified (2) both monism and non-monism qualified (3) monism indescribable and qualified (4) non- d) A Dialectical Solution monism indescribable and qualified (5) both monism The dysfunction of an incomplete

and non-monism indescribable and qualified (6) ) understanding limited to perceptions of indescribable and qualified (7) F

( phenomenological monism and pluralism when Volume XIV Issue II Version I Analysis and anomalies: Noteworthy factors compared to examples of observed phenomena lead us from a dualistic synthesis of monism and its antithesis is to the necessity of a transcendent understanding. We the anomalous concept of non-monism, which leads to can chuff off the effort to do so for only so long before an undefined alternative the complexity and chaos created by pluralism needs to be reconciled to survive as a species due to its iii. Dualistic Synthesis 2: - manifestation of polarized conflicts, or simply when the (Thesis) Pluralism versus (Antithesis) non- ideological incoherence becomes too strong. We must pluralism = (Potential Synthesis) Pluralism or Non- adapt to our environment, in this case a society pluralism governed by structures and imperatives guided by monism and pluralism (and the resulting prevalence of If pluralism we have further dualism contained in conflict). Part of the reconciliation is identifying the a myriad of epiphenomenal dynamics. integral patterns which we can use to overcome Examples of types of epiphenomenal relationships in incoherence, while the deeper ideologically pure pluralism: philosophical conundrums which have no practical Epiphenomenon as absolutes opposed value can be overlooked. This paper is an attempt to Epiphenomenon as relative spectrum Global Journal of Human Social Science argue for a useable discernment of patterns described through phenomenological based philosophy and the If non-pluralism then monism or transcend- dynamics between dualistic logic of monism and dentalism? iv. Non-Dualistic Synthesis 2: (Thesis) Pluralism versus (Antithesis) non- 1 A characteristic of transcendence would be not only replacement of pluralism = (Potential Synthesis) Pluralism qualified (1) a previous system but its integration and repurposing into a more non-pluralism qualified (2) both pluralism and non- complex system which limits the contradiction of the transcended system, Jain Logic does this to the inherent dichotomous structure of pluralism qualified (3) pluralism indescribable and analytical logic. qualified (4) non-pluralism indescribable and qualified (5)

both pluralism and non-pluralism indescribable and ix. Overall analysis of the 4 syntheses: qualified (6) indescribable and qualified (7) If we are to suggest transcendental phenomena The next two syntheses are of paramount or perspectives, it is arguable that we must reconcile the importance to the assertion of the paper as it begins an anomalies present in the paradigm which is to be attempt to lineate the defining differences between transcended. solutions offered by each dualism and non-dualism, the The anomalous aspects of dualistic monism differences will be offered as the qualities necessary to were the undefined dynamics surrounding non-monism, define transcendental phenomena. and a logical system which necessitates and denotes an Analysis and anomalies: antithesis of true to validate claims of what is true. Wittgenstein demonstrates this as tautological. The v. Dualistic Synthesis 3: anomalous aspects of dualistic pluralism were the (Thesis) Transcendentalism versus (Antithesis) undefined dynamics of non-pluralism and the nested non-transcendentalism = (Potential Synthesis) dualism within pluralism. The anomalous aspect of Transcendentalism or non-transcendentalism dualistic transcendentalism is the ignorance of the non- 2014 vi. Non-Dualistic Synthesis 3: (using the difference in transcendental; as if it transcends something there must

Year conditions) be a linking or linear aspect to denote what was

transcended, not merely a replacement, this is perhaps (Thesis) Dualism versus (Antithesis) non- 46 transcendentalism = (Potential Synthesis) where Kuhn got stuck. If transcendental has any Transcendentalism qualified (1) Non-transcendentalism evolutionary connotations then part of the denotation of qualified (2) both transcendentalism and non-transcen- transcendental is a synthesis or replacement which dentalism qualified (3) indescribable transcendentalism encompasses that which it replaces or simply put the qualified (4) non-transcendentalism indescribable and characteristics of that which it replaces must be qualified (5) both transcendentalism and non-transcen- accounted for. dentalism indescribable and qualified (6) indescribable The synthesis of non-dualism and dualism and qualified (7) demonstrates that they are not pure opposites, but rather dualism accounts for the qualities found through Analysis and anomalies: dualism, incorporates and transcends the anomalies vii. Dualistic Synthesis 4: created by the dualism. (Thesis) Dualism versus (Antithesis) non-dualism The dualistic anomaly of the potential non- = (Potential Synthesis) Dualism (T) or Non-dualism (F) monism can be interpreted in different ways; however

) none is a true antithesis of monism and merely a

viii. Non-Dualistic Synthesis 4: (using the difference in F creation to satisfy the inability to conceptualize non- ( conditions) Volume XIV Issue II Version I monism. Through qualification, accepted indescribability (Thesis) Dualism versus (Antithesis) non- or a simultaneity non-dualism offers a variety of dualism = (Potential Synthesis) Dualism (1) Non-dualism syntheses which better satisfies such an abstraction, I qualified (2) both dualism and non-dualism qualified (3) would suggest the indescribability of non-monism is an dualism indescribable and qualified (4) non-dualism integral solution. The dualistic anomaly of the potential indescribable and qualified (5) Both dualism and non- - nesting of dualism within pluralism as well as the dualism indescribable and qualified (6) indescribable abstraction of non-pluralism can each be solved and qualified (7) respectively by the simultaneity and indescribability Analysis: The variety of potential synthesis offered by non-dualism. While the dualistic trans- within the dualistic logical awareness remains at two cendental anomaly, based on the failure to account for while the varieties from a non-dual awareness can be up its antithesis in the transcended phenomena, has to 7. The integral factors to consider in the comparison already been discussed, lets repeat that non-dual are the 5 which are not common to both. However, the 5 awareness offers the potential for that which is to be potential conditions do not themselves explicitly transcended to also be represented in a new synthesis. correlate to transcendentalism; rather it is an under- While there are many other qualities and standing of the dynamics which allow those conditions Global Journal of Human Social Science examples we can use to understand the power of non- to arise as ‘truthful’ (defined in a dualistic sense) which dualism, I chose Hegelian synthesis because of the offers insights into the transcendental nature. The theories relationship to the social sciences and its ability obvious dynamics which are suggest by non-dual to be used to understand patterns of political. The next synthesis rather than dualism is that phenomena may section will look at instances of dualistic synthesis which be and may not be simultaneously, that phenomena have failed to end polarization or conflict. may be indescribable (despite all efforts to do so), and the necessity to qualify phenomena do to a contextual perception (paradoxically despite the potential for monism and the other conditions of non-dualism to be simultaneously ‘true’).

III. Section Two: Case Studies – and non-dualistic dialectical analysis then comparing the additional and perhaps transcendent qualities of the Political Conflict as Unresolved non-dual syntheses. Dialectical Synthesis This exercise will identify the integral MAD In the last section we laid out various types of imperatives and place them into parallel dialectical perceptions of reality and some of the dialectical syntheses from each party’s perspectives in both synthesis which can be used to map dynamics between dualistic and non-dualistic logic. those perceptions. This section will take those dynamics Part 1: Identifying each parties Monism, survival and look at allegorical or literal manifestations of these is integral over the destruction of the opponent, hence perceptions in the political and geopolitical realm, the integral imperative is non-destruction of each owns especially where excessive polarization or conflict has country. occurred denoting unreconciled syntheses. The purpose USA: (Thesis) Non-USA’s Destruction versus of this analysis will be to demonstrate that dualistic logic (Antithesis) USA’s Destruction = (Potential Syntheses) leads to an unsatisfactory synthesis, and a further cycle USA’s Destruction or USA’s Non-Destruction 2014 of polarization or stalemate. We will than hypothesis and or give evidence of qualities of non-dual logic which Russsia: (Thesis) Russia’s Non-Destruction Year

versus (Antithesis) Russia’s Destruction = (Potential may lead to a satisfactory synthesis. It is assumed that a solution must be a common Syntheses) Russia’s Destruction or Russia’s Non- 47 to all parties in a best case scenario, and as such this is Destruction an exercise to demonstrate that non-dual logic is better Part 2: The synthesis of each parties’ monism at distilling win-win or mutually acceptable solutions with the other in a dualistic synthesis, leads to a from seemingly intractable positions than is non-dual theoretical potential of 4 possible syntheses, however logic. we will use only the 2 put forth and adopted by the MAD a) Political – Synthesis Solutions In Instances Of doctrine which after synthesis result in the 2 integral Abnormal Polarization Or Stalemate imperatives of, Russia’s Non-Destruction and USA’s Non-Destruction. i. Case Study 1: Russia – USA/Nato Geopolitical From here we can work backwards to arrive at Polarization and Intractability the same conclusion without the necessity of first Synopsis: Mutually Assured Destruction is synthesizing the results against the dichotomy of mutual commonly credited with ending the cold war; this is a destruction. The question at the outset was how to perception which has been thrust back to the front of )

replace the mechanism of essential tension created by F consideration with the annexation of Crimea in 2014 by (

mutual nuclear arsenals, with something more long Volume XIV Issue II Version I Russian forces. While this event needn’t have been lasting should disarmament ever occur. By once more considered a re-instigation of an assumedly inished starting from the beginning, but this time applying a conflict, it is difficult to ignore the calls of renewed cold non-dual logic to the synthesis of the monism’s, we can war. Let us consider that the conflict at the heart of the hopefully examine the additional potential synthesis for a cold war never ended because the mechanism which condition which matches the desired outcome. ended it was flawed. Some will argue it was the - negotiation process which followed that failed since the First using the USA’s monistic imperative of disarmament of the nuclear arsenals which underpinned their non-destruction, we apply a non-dualistic synthesis the cold peace was never achieved. Perhaps this is to find all the potential synthesis which produce the correct, but even if this is true it only ensures that there integral imperative. We will then do the same for Russia is a vacuum for a new mechanism to ensure that the and then compare the results in the hopes of conflict is overcome. To rely only on the essential commonality and reproducing a balance which may tension of MAD, in a world primed with the emergence create a doctrine of mutually assured non-destruction. of complex adaptive systems which reduces the rationality for assuming rational actors, if only because 1. USA’s integral monistic imperative synthesized with the ability to predict outcomes accurately decreases non-dual logic: Global Journal of Human Social Science and hence incalculable and unpredictable actions (Thesis) USA’s Non-Destruction versus increase giving the appearance of irrationality. Complex (Antithesis) USA’s Destruction = (Potential Syntheses) adaptive systems necessitate a new cooperative theory USA’s Non-Destruction qualified (1) USA’s Destruction (Scott, 2008). qualified (2) Both USA’s Non-Destruction and USA’s With the re-ignition of tensions, balancing Destruction qualified (3) USA’s Non-Destruction mechanism must be ready. I offer a formulaic approach indescribable and qualified (4) USA’s Destruction to aid in attempting to identify a win-win loosely termed indescribable and qualified (5) Both USA’s Non- Mutually Assured Non-Destruction (MAND) scenario by Destruction and USA’s Destruction indescribable and using the integral imperatives of the conflict in dualistic qualified (6) indescribable and qualified (7)

©2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Human Social- Science ( F ) Volume XIV Issue II Version I 48 Year 2014 both destruction and non and destruction both for allows complexity geopolitical where or unexercised, but real, is MAD for potential the where balance dualistic a rather we Would preferable. is potentiality essential tension where absolut an versus destruction some for potential the whether of question the is analysis this from synthesis, of this importance denoted The suggested. is solution complex amore rather section introduction the in proffered w of destruction assured mutually of opposite havean would absolute destruction which been destruction.theassured mutually is This not non non and destruction the both on based a solution of synthesis potential the of concept novel the provided us to option (1) which is non is which (1) option to us returns This still undefined. is which simultaneity type of a or destruction understand we how changing mean - non and destruction interpret we o depends condition paradoxical the of practicality solution which is inherent to non- non and destruction paradoxical The qualified. Destruction Destruc fit the necessary requirements are synthesis (1) (1) synthesis are requirements necessary the fit may that options two the So solution. apragmatic found to which on variables clear of lack to due preferable least next the perhaps are (7) (6), (5), (4), options, options fied destruction quail the are preferable least The qualification. through argued or directly compared be can which option Non Assured ‘Mutually of solution the to path interpretable andand qualified qualified (7) (6) indescribable Non Destruction indescribableand qualified (5) Russia’s Both Destruction indescribableand qualified (4)Russia’s and Russia’s Destruction qualified (3) Rus (3) qualified Destruction Russia’s and Non Russia’s Both (2) qualified Destruction Non Russia’s and Syntheses) = (Potential Destruction Russia’s (Antithesis) even lega or elections accepted conduct to inability the currently and groups party third and UN the to appeals as well as protests and numerous incidences of violent conflicts, major of apattern coups, in resulted has framework with synthesis working a create or power balance to failure The 2014). (Montesano, dynamic revolving a around succession of power polarized highly a into divided largely become has ©2 A ii. 2. 0 Com 14 Global Journa - Case Study 2: Tha 2: Study Case - - destruction synthesis is a distinct alternative alternative adistinct is synthesis destruction Destruction and Russia’s Destruction indescribable indescribable Destruction Russia’s and Destruction Destruction’? Each these of syntheses gives an R with non with and (3) Both Non qualified (3) tion and us parison of Dual and Non and Dual of parison Non Analysis: anyDo of these synt (Thesis) Russia’s Non Russia’s (Thesis) Over the past 11 years Thailand’s political arena arena political Thailand’s years 11 past the Over l mechanismthis tol reforms. begin needed In sia’s integral monisticsia’s imperativesynthesized integral - dual logic applied to synth to applied logic dual ls Inc. (US) - dual dual - logic: Destruction qualified (1) Russia’s Russia’s (1) qualified Destruction iland iland - (2) and (5). The indescribable indescribable The (5). and (2) destruction but neither totally? neither but destruction – - destruction qualified. destruction National Politics in an acceptable political political acceptable an in Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts destruction, destruction, - - e destruction is a a is destruction e Destruction versus versus Destruction Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending heses provide an an provide heses dual logic. The The logic. dual - Destruction and and Destruction - Destruction Destruction sia’s Non sia’s esis has esis has this could could this hich was hich was n how how n Non - - - - - being invoked to try to end the stalemate. the end to try to invoked being are mechanisms or creative extreme only and currently exhausted been have options legal conventional case all before election or no solution. Reform Syntheses) (Potential = solution no (Antithesis) candidate for an appropriate solution. (4) (5) and (6) Are Are (6) and (5) (4) solution. appropriate an for candidate a perhaps is this election, an after and before both reform of such, as interpreted if option, the Provides (3) solutions. metaphorical or literal for syntheses other the sameas the dualistic syntheses, as such let’s look at non the from (2) solutions qualified the ignore can we stalemate, a no to lead logic dualistic using syntheses the that know we If solutions. practical distill can we which from syntheses potential of number the increase qualified (6) indescribableand qualified (7) and election reform indescribable and (5) qualified reform Both before election indescribableand qualified (4)Election before election before reform qualified (3) Reform before reform qualified (2)reformBoth beforeelection and Reform before election quali (1)fied Election before (Antithesis) election before reform=(Potential Syntheses) party). each of positions offered currently the from synthesis for potential the evaluate can we there from and discourse political actual in offered the solutions of equivalent allegorical the basic allpotential syntheses no is theacceptable only synthesis in the dynamics between solution synthesize: further to no or reform before no (Antithesis) denied): is monism there a no (denoting option a monistic offers party each case, Thai the In solutions. suggested respective parties’ the of synthesis a by demonstrated case this in solution, same the at arrive must parties both rather than redo each step with non with step each redo than rather 1, Option to skip will (I emerge. to solutions potential of variety a large for allow syntheses potential the equation no reform. Syntheses) Reform election before or Election before (Antithesis) election before reform = (Potential - solution = (Potential Syntheses) no solution or no or solution no Syntheses) (Potential = solution Analysis: As we above see non- (Thesis)Reform before election versus If we compare weIf compare assume To solution,mustwe that a uncover Due to the monistic perception of each solution, solution, each of perception monistic the to Due befo Reform (Thesis) 1: Party Party 2: (Thesis) Election before reform versus versus reform before Election Party 2: (Thesis) However, if we insert a non insert we if However, (Antithesis) versus solution No (Thesis) 2: Option Option1: (Thesis)Reform before election versus election reform before indescribableand - solution = (Potential Syntheses) Election Election Syntheses) = (Potential solution - - dual as they are pragmatically the the pragmatically are they as dual solution the results we have two options options two have we results the - solution. - c into the the into logi c dual - re election versus dual logic, as it’s it’s as logic, dual - dual logic logic dual solution or or solution - solution if (1) and and (1) - symmetrical power and e and power symmetrical rather than more polarization. more than rather something which leads us to an increasein complexity case. last of the the conflict in provided MAD the function to similar there is no essential since especially dualism, simple transcending for hopes peaceful the to unacceptable deem the ‘winner’. Suchsolutions are wholly to war civil or the country of division brawls, bloody ma in engage rather would monists of the absolute while some out of the stalemate, path viable a offer to yet have side each on minds best involved here endgame The solution. acceptable amutually for allow not does parties opposed the dialectically by offered solution monistic sum logic, the tozero dualistic inherent the intransigence solution the practical, is what only follow and before) something doing not and doing both (of aspects temporal contradicting the remove we if but nature, inapplicable interpretation due to seemingly its paradoxical election (3) as being suggested syntheses possible- in non d 2 paradoxically non couldn’t be acted upon but only not acted upon only acted not but upon acted couldn’t be h think would one what of regardless variable, theunforeseeable as this of think I ineffability, necessarily denote its invalid nature, simply its not does this paradoxically yet indescribable, is always ro (5) the positionof PDRC a which been has been has option that noting worth it’s although transparency, and phenomen transcendent the to compared logic dualistic their and pluralism monism, between difference asitthe is truth, essmust we get trapped not by the absolutenessa of can identify within the different logics’ syntheses, which which syntheses, logics’ the different within identify can we qualities multiple are There value. alternative rative paradoxical assertions, however with non with however assertions, paradoxical d synthesis that in qualities the of value the against argue to easy be may It logic. dualistic by catalyzed intransigence and intractability the overcoming for potential best the as argued was what provided which nature, in paradoxical seemingly thirdsynthesisconditionof the on based Ja I n a ra n a IV. A iff undly criticized. Synthesis (7) in this case and as as and case this in (7) Synthesis criticized. undly Comp icult due the necessary imperatives of practicality practicality of imperatives necessary the due icult

tional manner we without manner cannot act tional knowledge, but The potential solution stemming from the the from stemming solution potential The The In bothIn cases we discussed the potential S may be reform before and after the election, election, the after and before reform be may arison of Dual and Non and Dual of arison

before reformbefore qualified. This is open to ect ology which gives non gives which ology current political stalemate directly relates to to relates directly stalemate political current - ion action is option. an

h tension maintained by a policy apolicy by maintained tension S ree: both Reformboth before election and y ach played to a draw. The The a draw. to played ach nthe ue to inclination to dismiss dismiss to inclination to ue

C jority rule winner take all all take winner rule jority

- dual Jain logic, were were logic, Jain dual o minded and those with with those and minded Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts sis

nclu - dual logic its compa its logic dual - Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending owever it definitively definitively it owever

sion and and sion - dual awaren dual in Logic, Logic, in 2 .

- - - 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 6. h imperatives at the core of conflicts. of core atthe imperatives suggest direct based solutions the integral on a variables additional the by created is which complexity increasing of ability transformative the ideology, abstract only than rather circumstance, afinite in pragmatically non in mechanism acceptable Parall opposition. of dynamics as manifest or create don’t which indefinability and qualification, variability, increased have we dualism solutions, this leads to polarizationand conflict. non In - zero either/or only find we dualism In value. transf certainly but transcendental perhaps llows us to transcend intractable dichotomies and even elp

Paul. and Kegan Routledge London: trans. Philosophicus, TractatusK. (1922). Logico- C. Ogden, , 2 Perspectives ISEAS Thailand. in Come to is What (2014). J. M. Montesano, Press. Revolutions. of Structure The T. S. (1962). Kuhn, Neuroscience Human in Frontiers brain. the in networks correlated anti- on of meditation Influence (2012). Z. Josipovic York: SUNY Press. SUNY York: Defined inPhilosophy: English. Sanskrit Terms (1996). J. Grimes, S Public Administration Quarterly, 32(3) Quarterly, Administration Public SYSTEM. ADAPTIVE ACOMPLEX IN OPMENT us understand the comparative alternative (and (and alternative comparative the understand us R cot ef - DEVEL INTERNATIONAL (2008). J. J. t,

erences

Chicago: The University of Chicago of Chicago University The Chicago: . .

R é elism and simultaneity are all all are simultaneity and elism

férenc A Concise Dictionary A Concise of Indian es - dual logic. If applied applied If logic. dual

- 339 ,

366. ormative) ormative) Scientific as

New New sum sum Global Journal of Human Social- Science ( F ) Volume XIV Issue II Version I 49 Year 2014 A Comparison of Dual and Non-Dual Logic in a Dialectical Method of Analyzing Towards Transcending Intractable and Polarized Political Conflicts

2014 Year

This page is intentionally left blank )

F ( Volume XIV Issue II Version I - Global Journal of Human Social Science