Aquatic Lepidoptera: Family Key

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Aquatic Lepidoptera: family key Proleg with crochets forming Proleg with crochets in either: a mesoseries • circle or incomplete circle • ellipse or if an incomplete circle, crochets hook- • sometimes appearing as like transverse lines Crambidae Noctuidae Bellura • Larvae living in cases • Cases made of: leaves or plant material • Usually associated with lakes, Genera in NE Canada & US Acentria ponds, quiet water (no keys in Merritt et al & Peckarsky, except Bellura): • Bellura • Archanara • Simyra Parapoynx Genera in NE Canada & US (with keys in Merritt et al & Synclita Peckarsky): • Acentria • Elophila • Eoparargyractis • Langessa • Nymphula • Nymphuliella Petrophila • Parapoynx Elophila -based on keys and descriptions from Merrit, • Synclita Cummins & Berg (2008), Peckarsky (1990); by • Petrophila Michelle Dobrin, U of Windsor, 2017 Photos/diagrams of genera common in the Great Lakes area -based on keys and descriptions from Merrit, Cummins & Berg (2008), From Peckarsky 1990 Peckarsky (1990); by Michelle Dobrin, U Aquatic Lepidoptera: Crambidae of Windsor, 2017 (genus not keyed in Merritt et al 2008) no • No filamentous gills with filamentous • Crochets uniordinal Note: 1st instars filamentous gills or biordinal in circles without gills! gills • Spiracles on abdominal segments 2-4 twice as large as those on 1, 5-8 • Crochets in ellipse, • All gills unbranched, lateral sometimes appearing Nymphula as transverse lines • Head prognathous • Larvae living in cases • Body dorsoventrally flattened of plant material Prothorax: • lateral setae of T1 on ventral extension of prothoracic gills gills unbranched, shield branched uniformly distributed Prothorax: lateral setae • with a very large blackish of T1 not on prothoracic brown shield dorsally and Gills on A9 and shield with vestigial spiracles A10 extremely dense and long, Sphagnum bogs only forming a fan (Peckarsky 1990) Nymphuliella • Crochets triordinal (i.e. of 3 lengths) Crochets biordinal Petrophila Eoparargyractis (i.e. of 2 lengths) • Head and cephalic shield of prothorax with extensive pattern of brown bands on cream-coloured background Parapoynx (in live specimens only) Langessa Spiracles on abdominal crochets equal on both caudal cephalic segments 1-4 larger than crochets other spiracles (Peckarsky cephalic and caudal crochets side larger than larger than 1990) cephalic caudal Acentria Synclita Elophila Cephalic: towards the head end of the body Prognathous Hypognathous Caudal: towards the tail end of the body (long axis of the head is (long axis of the head is vertical i.e. at horizontal and in line with the right angle to the long axis of the long axis of insect body) body; mouthparts point downwards) General anatomy/structures of larval Lepidoptera.

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Water Ferns Azolla Spp. (Azollaceae) As New Host Plants for the Small China-Mark Moth, Cataclysta Lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae)
©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.soceurlep.eu/ und www.zobodat.at Nota Lepi. 40(1) 2017: 1–13 | DOI 10.3897/nl.40.10062 Water ferns Azolla spp. (Azollaceae) as new host plants for the small China-mark moth, Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae) Atousa Farahpour-Haghani1,2, Mahdi Hassanpour1, Faramarz Alinia2, Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani1, Jabraeil Razmjou1, David Agassiz3 1 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, Ardabil, Iran 2 Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran 3 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, England http://zoobank.org/307196B8-BB55-492B-8ECC-1F518D9EC9E4 Received 1 August 2016; accepted 3 November 2016; published: 20 January 2017 Subject Editor: Bernard Landry. Abstract. Water ferns (Azolla spp., Azollaceae) are reported for the first time as host plants for the larvae of the small China-mark moth Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae) in rice fields and waterways of northern Iran. Cataclysta lemnata is a semi-aquatic species that has been recorded to feed on Lemnaceae and a few other aquatic plants. However, it has not been reported before on Azolla spp. Larvae use water fern as food source and shelter and, at high population density in the laboratory, they completely wiped water fern from the water surface. Feeding was confirmed after rearing more than eight continual generations of C. lemnata on water fern in the laboratory. Adults obtained this way are darker and have darker fuscous markings in both sexes compared with specimens previously reported and the pattern remains unchanged after several generations.
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Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. 2018, 419, 42 Knowledge & © K. Pabis, Published by EDP Sciences 2018 Management of Aquatic https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018030 Ecosystems www.kmae-journal.org Journal fully supported by Onema REVIEW PAPER What is a moth doing under water? Ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic Lepidoptera Krzysztof Pabis* Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland Abstract – This paper reviews the current knowledge on the ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic moths, and discusses possible pre-adaptations of the moths to the aquatic environment. It also highlights major gaps in our understanding of this group of aquatic insects. Aquatic and semi-aquatic moths represent only a tiny fraction of the total lepidopteran diversity. Only about 0.5% of 165,000 known lepidopterans are aquatic; mostly in the preimaginal stages. Truly aquatic species can be found only among the Crambidae, Cosmopterigidae and Erebidae, while semi-aquatic forms associated with amphibious or marsh plants are known in thirteen other families. These lepidopterans have developed various strategies and adaptations that have allowed them to stay under water or in close proximity to water. Problems of respiratory adaptations, locomotor abilities, inﬂuence of predators and parasitoids, as well as feeding preferences are discussed. Nevertheless, the poor knowledge on their biology, life cycles, genomics and phylogenetic relationships preclude the generation of fully comprehensive evolutionary scenarios. Keywords: Lepidoptera / Acentropinae / caterpillars / freshwater / herbivory Résumé – Que fait une mite sous l'eau? Écologie des lépidoptères aquatiques et semi-aquatiques. Cet article passe en revue les connaissances actuelles sur l'écologie des mites aquatiques et semi-aquatiques, et discute des pré-adaptations possibles des mites au milieu aquatique.
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© 2016 David Paul Moskowitz ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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