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GNU Image Manipulation Program Vodiˇc Za GNU Image Manipulation Program 1 / 19 GNU Image Manipulation Program Vodicˇ za korisnike GNU Image Manipulation Program 2 / 19 Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 The GIMP Documentation Team Pravna upozorenja Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section enphrased GNU Free Documentation License. GNU Image Manipulation Program 3 / 19 COLLABORATORS TITLE : REFERENCE : GNU Image Manipulation Program ACTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE WRITTEN BY July 26, 2007 REVISION HISTORY NUMBER DATE DESCRIPTION NAME $Revision: 1985 $ 2007-07-15 romanofski GNU Image Manipulation Program 4 / 19 Contents I Prvi GIMP koraci 5 1 First Steps With Wilber 6 1.1 Osnovni GIMP koncepti . 6 1.2 Uvod ......................................................... 8 1.2.1 Glavna Alatna kutija . 9 2 Bibliografija 11 2.1 Knjige . 11 2.2 Internet izvori . 11 A GNU Free Documentation License 13 A.1 PREAMBLE . 13 A.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS . 13 A.3 VERBATIM COPYING . 14 A.4 COPYING IN QUANTITY . 14 A.5 MODIFICATIONS . 15 A.6 COMBINING DOCUMENTS . 16 A.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS . 16 A.8 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS . 16 A.9 TRANSLATION . 17 A.10 TERMINATION . 17 A.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE . 17 A.12 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents . 17 B Joooooj nedostaje pomoc´ 18 C Index 19 GNU Image Manipulation Program 5 / 19 Part I Prvi GIMP koraci GNU Image Manipulation Program 6 / 19 Chapter 1 First Steps With Wilber 1.1 Osnovni GIMP koncepti Ovo je kratki uvod u osnovne koncepte i terminologiju koja ce´ vam biti potrebna za razumijevanje ostalog dijela dokumentacije o Gimpu. Ovdje cete´ naci´ objašnjenja podrobnije opisana nego bilo gdje drugde. Brojnim linkovima i ostalim unakrsnim referencijama pokušali smo izbjeci´ nejasnoce,´ uz koje sitne iznimke, naravno. Sve što je ovdje spomenuto lako se može naci´ u indexu Slike Slike su osnovna cjelina Gimpa. Grubo recenoˇ jedna ‘slika’ je jednostavna datoteka, kao što je TIFF ili JPEG. Sliku možete shavtiti i kao jedan prozor, medutim¯ to baš i nije tocno:ˇ moguce´ je imati više otvorenih prozora jedne te iste slike ali nije moguce´ imati samo jedan prozor koji ce´ prikazivati nekoliko slika. Osim toga jedna slika može biti i neprikazana. GIMP slika je nešto kompliciranija. Umjesto da ju predociteˇ kao list papira sa crtežom, trebali bi ste ju shvatiti kao knjigu cijeˇ se stranice nazivaju ‘slojevi’ Osim hrpe slojeva, jedna GIMP slika može sadržavati masku selekcuije, skupinu kanala i putanje. U Gimpu možete otvoriti više slika u isto vrijeme. Ukoliko su velike, svaka ce´ koristiti više megabajtova memorije, no GIMP koristi usavšenu proceduru upravljanja memorijom, tzv. "title-based memory management systhem" koja mu omogucuje´ skladno rukovanje cakˇ i vrlo velikim slikama. Dakako postoje i granice. Kad radite sa slikama preporucljivo´ je u svoj sistem staviti najvecu´ mogucu´ kolicinuˇ memorije. Slojevi Ako si sliku predocimoˇ kao knjigu, onda je sloj jedna njezina stranica. Najjednostavnija slika sadrži samo jedan sloj i biti ce´ tretirana kao jedan list papira, medutim¯ upuceniji´ korisnici Gimpa cestoˇ upotrebljavaju slike sa više slojeva. Oni mogu biti prozirni i nemoraju pokrivati cijelu površinu slike, dakle kad gledate sliku možete vidjeti ne samo najgornji sloj nego i odredene¯ dijelove drugih slojeva koji se nalaze ispod njega. Kanali JOŠ NIJE NAPISANO Odabir Kada radite na slici cestoˇ dolazite u situaciju da promijenite samo jedan njezin dio. Mehanizam ‘Odabir’ vam to omogucuje.´ Svaka slika ima svoj vlastiti odabir, koji možete vidjeti kao isprekidanu pomicnuˇ liniju. Ona odvaja odabrani dio slike od neodabranog dijela. No to nije sve: odabir u Gimpu je postupan i nije ogranicenˇ na sistem odabrati sve ili ništa. On je zapravo predstavljen kao kanal u sivim nijansama. Linija koju vidite je obris srednjeg nivoa odabira (50%). Kanal odabira i sve njegove detalje možete proucitiˇ ako aktivirate Brzu masku. Dobro korištenje GIMP podrazumjeva i vladanje umjetnošcu´ izabiranja odabira (odabir koji sadrži samo ono što želite i ništa drugo). Zato što je rukovanje selekcijama od kapitalne važnosti GIMP vam nudi veliki broj alata: izbor alata za selekciju, izbornik za operaciju selekcije i mogucnost´ lakog prelaženja u ‘Brzu masku’ u kojoj možete raditi na kanalu odabira kao da se radi o kanalu boje i na taj nacinˇ ‘bojati odabir’ Poništavanje Kada pogriješite, greške možete poništiti. Više-manje sve što je moguce´ napraviti na jednoj slici moguce´ je i poništiti. Zapravo možete poništiti dobar dio zadnjih radnji ukoliko smatrate da su nepotrebne. GIMP cuvaˇ povijest vaših radnji. Ta povijest zahtjeva i dio memorije zbog cegaˇ nije moguce´ u nedogled poništavati. Neke radnje koriste samo mali dio memorije tako da ih možete napraviti desetke prije no što prva bude izbrisana iz povijesti. Kolicinuˇ memorije koju ce´ GIMP koristiti za povijest svake slike možete sami postaviti, no u svakom slucaju,ˇ uvijek je moguce´ poništiti 2 ili 3 GNU Image Manipulation Program 7 / 19 zadnje radnje („zatvaranje slike“ je najvažnija radnja medu¯ njima i ne može biti poništena. Ukoliko ste na slici napravili bilo kakve promjene GIMP ce´ vas tražiti potvrdu želite li stvarno zatvoriti sliku). Dodaci (Plug-ins) Vecina´ stvari, sasvi sigurno sve, koje cete´ napraviti na jednoj slici ucinitiˇ ce´ sâm GIMP. Ipak on može biti nadopunjen dodacima (plug-ins). To su vanjske aplikacije koje rade u bliskoj interakciji sa Gimpom, a sposobne su rukovati slikama i drugim predmetima u Gimpu na vrlo sofisticirani nacin.ˇ Brojni plug-inovi se vec´ nalaze u paketu Gimpa ali moguce´ je do njih doci´ i na drugi nacin.ˇ Ako niste clanˇ ekipe koja se bavi razvojem Gimpa najlakše cete´ dodati druge funkcije u GIMP ako sami napišete plug-in (ili skriptu), a možete ih naci´ vec´ gotove i na mreži. Svi dijelovi izbornika Filters (Filteri) i dobra dio drugih izbornika su zapravo ubaceniˇ uz pomoc´ dodataka (plug-ins). Skripte Uz dodatke (plug-ins), aplikacije koje su pisane u jeziku C, GIMP može koristiti i skripte. Vecina´ skripti je pisana u jeziku koji zovemo Script-Fu, a koji je specificanˇ za GIMP (za one koje to zanima, radi se o jeziku Scheme koji je inspiriran Lispom). Moguce´ je napisati skriptu za GIMP i u Python jeziku ili u Perl-u. Ovi informatickiˇ jezici su fleksibilniji i mocniji´ od Script-Fu jezika. Nezgodno je to što ovise o aplikacijama koje necete´ dobiti u paketu zajedno sa Gimpom, a ne postoji ni garancija za ce´ dobro funkcionirati na svim instalacjama u Gimpa. GNU Image Manipulation Program 8 / 19 1.2 Uvod Figure 1.1: Slika ekrana prikazuje standardne GIMP prozore Kopija ekrana prikazuje najjednostavniji i najkorišteniji raspored prozora u GIMPU. Prikazana su tri prozora : 1 Glavna Alatna kutija : Ovo je samo srce GIMPA. Ona sadrži glavni izbornik i set ikona za odabir alata, itd ... v 2 Izbornici alata : Ispod Alatne kutije nalazi se, pricvršˇ cen´ za dok, dijalog Izbornici alata. Ovaj dijalog prikazuje opcije v izabranog alata. 3 Prozor slike : Svaka slika koju otvorite sa Gimpom biti ce´ prikazana u jednom izdvojenom prozoru. Moguce´ je otvoriti v više slika u isto vrijeme, ogranicenjeˇ vam postavlja jedino vaš sistem. GIMP je moguceˇ lansirati bez da se otvori bilo kakva slika, medutim¯ ne postoji puno korisnih stvari koje u tom slucajuˇ možete napraviti. 4 Dijalog slojeva : Ovaj dijalog prikazuje strukturu slojeva aktivne slike i pruža mogucnost´ uptravljanja na razliciteˇ nacine.ˇ v Moguceˇ je raditi i bez ovog dijaloga medutim¯ cakˇ i korisnici koji nemaju puno iskustva nalaze da je važno uvijek ga imati pri ruci. GNU Image Manipulation Program 9 / 19 5 Kistovi, Motivi i Gradijenti : Ovaj dialog sa tabovima nalazi se pricvršˇ cen´ ispod dijaloga Slojeva, a sadržava tri dijaloga v za kontrolu kistova, motiva i gradijenata. Ovo je minimalna konfiguracija. U GIMPU postoji nešto više od dvanaestak drugih dijaloga ali ih korisnici otvaraju i zatvaraju prema vlastitoj potrebi. Oni napredniji obicnoˇ cuvajuˇ Alatnu kutiju (sa izbornicima alata) i dijalog slojeva konstantno otvorene. Alatna kutija je osnovni alat za izvršavanje brojnih operacija u GIMPU; usput recenoˇ ukoliko zatvorite alatnu kutiju i sam GIMP ce´ se zatvoriti (biti cete´ zapitani je li to zaista ono što želite napraviti). Dijalog Izbornici alata je od sada zaseban dijalog, a na slici je prijkazan ispod alatne kutije. Na ovja nacinˇ upuceniji´ korisnici konfiguriraju dijaloge. Zaista je teško koristiti alate bez uvida u njihove opcije; na primjer Dijalog slojeva postaje aktivan cimˇ radite na slici koja sadrži više slojeva. Kada savladate osnove korištenja GIMPA vidjet cete´ da je gotovo uvijek neophodno imati pri ruci opcije alata. I na kraju, ocitoˇ je da trebate imati otvorenu barem jednu ili više slika kako bi na njima radili. Note Ako izgubite raspored prozora GIMPA vrlo je lako opnovo konfigurirati prozore kako je to prikazano na slici gore. U Izborniku File (Datoteka) Alatne kutije, izaberite : File(Datoteka) → Dialogs (Dijalozi) → Create New Dock (Napravi novi Dok) → Layers, Channels, and Paths (Slojevi, Kanali i Gradijenti). Time cete´ dobiti dijalog Slojeva. U istom izborniku izaberite : File (Datoteka) → Dialogs (Dijalozi) → Tool Options (Izbornici Alata) kako bi izvjesili novi Dijalog Izbornici alata koji zatim možete pricvrstitiˇ u glavni prozor (u dijelu prirucnikaˇ Dijalozi i pricvršˇ civanje´ naci´ cete´ više informacija kako pricvrstitiˇ dijaloge). Nije potrebno kreirati jednu novu glavnu alatnu kutiju jer zapravo niti ne možete zatvoriti ovu koju vec´ imate, a da pri tome ne zatvorite i sam GIMP. Za razliku od ostalih programa, GIMP vam ne dozvoljava sve zajedno grupirati (prozor slike i dijaloge) u jednom jedinom glavnom prozoru. Programeri GIMPA oduvijek smatraju da je to zapravo jedan loš nacinˇ rada jer prisiljava program na izvrša- vanje odredenog¯ broja funkcija koje su puno bolje izvršavaju uz pomoc´ upravitelja prozora.
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