International Standard Iso/Iec/ Ieee 8802-3
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On Ttethernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks
On TTEthernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks Andrew Loveless∗ NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 There has recently been a push for adopting integrated modular avionics (IMA) princi- ples in designing spacecraft architectures. This consolidation of multiple vehicle functions to shared computing platforms can significantly reduce spacecraft cost, weight, and de- sign complexity. Ethernet technology is attractive for inclusion in more integrated avionic systems due to its high speed, flexibility, and the availability of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Furthermore, Ethernet can be augmented with a variety of quality of service (QoS) enhancements that enable its use for transmitting critical data. TTEthernet introduces a decentralized clock synchronization paradigm enabling the use of time-triggered Ethernet messaging appropriate for hard real-time applications. TTEther- net can also provide two forms of event-driven communication, therefore accommodating the full spectrum of traffic criticality levels required in IMA architectures. This paper explores the application of TTEthernet technology to future IMA spacecraft architectures as part of the Avionics and Software (A&S) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Ex- ploration Systems (AES) program. Nomenclature A&S = Avionics and Software Project AA2 = Ascent Abort 2 AES = Advanced Exploration Systems Program ANTARES = Advanced NASA Technology Architecture for Exploration Studies API = Application Program Interface ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission -
Alternatív Valóság Kovács Ákos Hálózatok 10+ Tb/S 6,4 Tb/S 1,6 Tb/S 1 Tb/S
Számítógép hálózatok Alternatív valóság Kovács Ákos Hálózatok 10+ Tb/s 6,4 Tb/s 1,6 Tb/s 1 Tb/s 800 Gb/s 400 Gb/s 2017? • A jelen és a jövő 200 Gb/s 2018-2020? • Egyre nagyobb informatikai átviteli 50 Gb/s sebesség kell, jó minőségben 100 Gb/s 2018-2020? 2010 • Switchek minden hálózat alapjai 25 Gb/s 40 Gb/s 2016? 2010 5 Gb/s 10 Gb/s 2016? 2002 2,5 Gb/s 2016? 1 Gb/s 1998 100 Mb/s 1995 10 Mb/s 1983 Switchek • Switch-ekről általában • HUB, Bridge, L2 Switch, L3 Switch, Router • 10/100/1000/10GE switch-ek 2,5GE, 5GE (multiGIG switchek) • Néhány fontosabb működési paraméter • Hátlap (backplane) sávszélesség (Gbps) • Csomag továbbítási sebesség (packet forwarding rate, Mpps) • Switch-elési módok (switching methods, forwarding modes) • Fast Forward (cut-through, fragment-free) • Store-and-Forward • Adaptive (intelligent) L2 Switchek • L2 kommunikációra • Csak a MAC cím alapján (lokális hálózatokhoz LAN) MAC cím (48 bit) 24 bit 24 bit Organizationally Unique Identifier A gyártó osztja ki (OUI) L2 Switchek • A switch nem kérdezi meg a MAC címeket, csak megjegyzi • Ha nem tudja merre kellene menni akkor jön a flood (minden portjára elküldi kivéve amin kapta) • Ha erre válaszolnak, akkor azt MAC-PORT párost megjegyzi L2 Switchek döntési lánca • Layer 2 • CAM Content Addressable memory MAC címek • TCAM (ACL, QoS táblák) 3 értéke lehet, 0,1,X ahol x a „don’t care” bit • Kérdések melyekre válaszolni kell: • Merre továbbítsam a csomagot? • Továbbítsam a csomagot? • Milyen QoS értékekkel továbbítsam a csomagot? • InLine sebesség (ASIC) L3 switchek • Más néven Multi-layer switchek • További döntési lehetőségek a magasabb rétegek alapján mint pl. -
Networking Tutorial
EDUCATION Ethernet Technology Allen Light, Broadcom Corp. SNIA Legal Notice EDUCATION • The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA. • Member companies and individuals may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: – Any slide or slides used must be reproduced without modification – The SNIA must be acknowledged as source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations. • This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee. SNIA© 2007 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. Ethernet Technology 2 Abstract EDUCATION Ethernet, the standard local area network (LAN) access method. A specification for "LAN," "LAN connection" or "network card" automatically implies Ethernet without saying so. This session provides an overview of Ethernet technology, with an emphasis on the evolution of the standards from the original implementation of Ethernet on coax cable to the latest 10Gb Ethernet implementations. SNIA© 2007 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. Ethernet Technology 3 Agenda EDUCATION • The Original Standard • Evolution of Ethernet • Elements of Ethernet • The Frame / Addressing • Media Access Controller • Physical Media SNIA© 2007 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. Ethernet Technology 4 'net-"w&rk EDUCATION • A system of computers, terminals, and databases connected by communications lines Local Area Network (LAN) • A network of personal computers in a small area (like an office) that are linked by cable, can communicate directly with other devices in the network and can share resources (from Merriam Webster) • So why is this guy talking about a LAN technology at a storage networking conference? SNIA© 2007 Storage Networking Industry Association. -
IEEE Std 802.3-2005, Section
IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems— Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee I E E E IEEE Std 802.3™-2005 3 Park Avenue (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2002 New York, NY 10016-5997, USA including all approved amendments) 9 December 2005 IEEE Std 802.3™-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2002) IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems— Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 9 June 2005 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Ethernet local area network operation is specified for selected speeds of operation from 1 Mb/s to 10 Gb/s using a common media access control (MAC) specification, management infor- mation base (MIB), and capability for Link Aggregation of multiple physical links into a single logi- cal link. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) MAC protocol specifies shared medium (half duplex) operation, as well as full duplex operation. Speed specific Media Independent Interfaces (MIIs) allow use of selected physical layer (PHY) interfaces for operation over coxial, twisted pair or fiber optic cables. System considerations for multisegment shared access networks describe the use of Repeaters which are defined for operational speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. -
Ethernet PHY Information Model
Ethernet PHY Information Model Version 1.0.0-2 7th of March 2019 ONF TR‑541 Ethernet PHY Information Model Version 1.0.0-12 ONF TR‑541 FebruaryMarch 2019 ONF Document Type: Technical Recommendation ONF Document Name: Ethernet PHY Information Model Version 1.0 Disclaimer THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERW ISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE. Any marks and brands contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Open Networking Foundation 1000 El Camino Real, Suite 100, Menlo Park, CA 94025 www.opennetworking.org ©2017 Open Networking Foundation. All rights reserved. Open Networking Foundation, the ONF symbol, and OpenFlow are registered trademarks of the Open Networking Foundation, in the United States and/or in other countries. All other brands, products, or service names are or may be trademarks or service marks of, and are used to identify, products or services of their respective owners. Page 2 of 64 © Open Networking Foundation Ethernet PHY Information Model Version 1.0.0-12 ONF TR‑541 FebruaryMarch 2019 Table of Contents Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Open Networking Foundation .................................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................... -
Operaing the EPON Protocol Over Coaxial Distribuion Networks Call for Interest
Operang the EPON protocol over Coaxial Distribu&on Networks Call for Interest 08 November 2011 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group Atlanta, GA 1 Supporters Bill Powell Alcatel-Lucent Steve Carlson High Speed Design David Eckard Alcatel-Lucent Hesham ElBakoury Huawei Alan Brown Aurora Networks Liming Fang Huawei Dave Baran Aurora Networks David Piehler Neophotonics Edwin MalleIe Bright House Networks Amir Sheffer PMC-Sierra John Dickinson Bright House Networks Greg Bathrick PMC-Sierra Ed Boyd Broadcom ValenWn Ossman PMC-Sierra Howard Frazier Broadcom Alex Liu Qualcomm Lowell Lamb Broadcom Dylan Ko Qualcomm Mark Laubach Broadcom Steve Shellhammer Qualcomm Will Bliss Broadcom Mike Peters Sumitomo Electric Industries Robin Lavoie Cogeco Cable Inc. Yao Yong Technical Working CommiIee of China Radio & Ma SchmiI CableLabs TV Associaon Doug Jones Comcast Cable Bob Harris Time Warner Cable Jeff Finkelstein Cox Networks Kevin A. Noll Time Warner Cable John D’Ambrosia Dell Hu Baomin Wuhan Yangtze OpWcal Technologies Co.,Ltd. Zhou Zhen Fiberhome Telecommunicaon Ye Yonggang Wuhan Yangtze OpWcal Technologies Co.,Ltd. Technologies Zheng Zhi Wuhan Yangtze OpWcal Technologies Co.,Ltd. Boris Brun Harmonic Inc. Marek Hajduczenia ZTE Lior Assouline Harmonic Inc. Meiyan Zang ZTE David Warren HewleI-Packard Nevin R Jones ZTE 2 Objec&ves for This Mee&ng • To measure the interest in starWng a study group to develop a standards project proposal (a PAR and 5 Criteria) for: Operang the EPON protocol over Coaxial DistribuWon Networks • This meeWng does not: – Fully explore the problem – Debate strengths and weaknesses of soluWons – Choose any one soluWon – Create PAR or five criteria – Create a standard or specificaon 3 Agenda • IntroducWon • Market PotenWal • High Level Concept • Why Now? • Q&A • Straw Polls 4 The Brief History of EPON 2000 EPON Today.. -
DECLARATION of CONFORMITY Manufacturer: Fiberworks AS
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Manufacturer: Fiberworks AS Manufacturer's Address: Eikenga 11, 0579 Oslo, Norway declare, under its sole responsibility that the products listed in Appendix I conforms to RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU and EMC Directive 2014/30/EU tested according to the following standards: ROHS EMC IEC 62321-1:2013 EN 55032:2015 IEC 62321-3-1:2013 EN55035:2017 IEC 62321-4:2013 EN 61000-3-2:2014 IEC 62321-5:2013 EN 61000-3-3:2013 IEC 62321-6:2015 IEC 62321-7-1:2015 IEC 62321-8:2017 and thereby can carry the CE and RoHS marking. Ole Evju Product Manager Transceivers Fiberworks AS Fiberworks AS, Eikenga 11, 0579 Oslo, Norway - www.fiberworks.no APPENDIX I SFP SFP SFP BiDi STM-1 (155 Mbps) 4x/2x/1x Fibre Channel Fast Ethernet Bi-Di w/DDM SFP-155M-L15D SFP-4GFC-SD SFP-FE-BX20D-34 SFP-155M-L40D SFP-4GFC-L5D SFP-FE-BX20D-43 SFP-155M-L80D SFP-4GFC-L10D SFP-MR155-BX20D-35 STM-1 (155 Mbps) xWDM SFP-4GFC-ER SFP-MR155-BX20D-53 SFP-155M-L80D-Cxx SFP-4GFC-ZR SFP-MR155-BX40D-35 SFP-155M-L160D-Cxx 4x/2x/1x Fibre Channel xWDM SFP-MR155-BX40D-53 Fast Ethernet SFP-4GFC-30D-Cxx Fast Ethernet Bi-Di w/o DDM SFP-100Base-FX SFP-4GFC-50D-Cxx SFP-FE-BX2D-35 SFP-100Base-LX SFP-4GFC-80D-Cxx SFP-FE-BX2D-53 SFP-100Base-EX SFP-4GFC-80D-Dxxxx SFP-FE-100BX-U-10 SFP-100Base-ZX SFP-FE-100BX-D-10 SFP-100Base-L160D SFP Copper SFP-MR155-BX40-35 SFP-GE-FE-FX SFP-1000Base-TX SFP-MR155-BX40-53 SFP-GE-FE-LX SFP-GE-T Dual Rate 100/1000Mb Fast Ethernet xWDM SFP-100Base-T 1310/1490 SFP-100B-L40D-Cxx SFP-DR-BX20D-34 SFP-100B-L80D-Cxx SFP-DR-BX20D-43 SFP-100B-L160D-Cxx SFP-DR-BX40D-34 -
IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of USA IEEE Std 802.3-2008)
IEEE Standard for Ethernet IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of USA IEEE Std 802.3-2008) 28 December 2012 IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2008) IEEE Standard for Ethernet Sponsor LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 30 August 2012 IEEE-SA Standard Board Abstract: Ethernet local area network operation is specified for selected speeds of operation from 1 Mb/s to 100 Gb/s using a common media access control (MAC) specification and management information base (MIB). The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) MAC protocol specifies shared medium (half duplex) operation, as well as full duplex operation. Speed specific Media Independent Interfaces (MIIs) allow use of selected Physical Layer devices (PHY) for operation over coaxial, twisted-pair or fiber optic cables. System considerations for multisegment shared access networks describe the use of Repeaters that are defined for operational speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. Local Area Network (LAN) operation is supported at all speeds. Other specified capabilities include various PHY types for access networks, PHYs suitable for metropolitan area network applications, and the provision of power over selected twisted-pair PHY types. Keywords: 10BASE; 100BASE; 1000BASE; 10GBASE; 40GBASE; 100GBASE; 10 Gigabit Ethernet; 40 Gigabit Ethernet; 100 Gigabit Ethernet; attachment unit interface; AUI; Auto Negotiation; Backplane Ethernet; data processing; DTE Power via the MDI; EPON; Ethernet; Ethernet in the First Mile; Ethernet passive optical network; Fast Ethernet; Gigabit Ethernet; GMII; information exchange; IEEE 802.3; local area network; management; medium dependent interface; media independent interface; MDI; MIB; MII; PHY; physical coding sublayer; Physical Layer; physical medium attachment; PMA; Power over Ethernet; repeater; type field; VLAN TAG; XGMII The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. -
Industrial Ethernet
Industrial Ethernet Main Catalog 2008 Some errors can be really expensive. What good are the greatest technical inventions if you are going to save on the smallest details later? That man today is capable of great technical nowadays to ensure the greatest possible safety development is a sufficiently proven fact. Regard- and reliability for even the smallest system com- less of whether in production, process and traffic ponents. control technology or in building automation: from the packing industry and logistics through From the product quality through engineering conveyor and robot technology, assembly machines and the associated service. Hirschmann™ offers a and machine tools, presses and punching machines comprehensive package: with a high degree of right up to machine and system control. intelligence, they not only set the latest techni- cal standards but, with their high flexibility, When it’s a question of reliability, operating safe- ensure individual and absolutely reliable solutions ty and availability, the slightest errors count. And at the heart of the automation – in computer these can be very expensive in the worst case. and measuring technology. This minimizes risks Because, especially in economically difficult times, in the system and a high system availability is a trouble-free automation contributes considerably built in from the start. to productivity and competitiveness – and protects jobs in the long term. Safety at the press of button for us means leaving nothing to chance. Therefore every Hirschmann™ Therefore it is becoming increasingly important switch is rigorously tested before leaving the factory. 2 www.hirschmann.com After all, constantly rising transmission speed Switches from Hirschmann™ will certainly increase In this modern industrial age, with high clock frequencies demand appropriate the availability of your networks and guarantee one can no longer afford failures. -
25G Ethernet CFI
25G Ethernet CFI Final Draft Brad Booth, Microsoft Photo courtesy of Hugh Barrass Objectives • To gauge the interest in starting a study group to investigate a 25 Gigabit Ethernet project • Don’t need to: • Fully explore the problem • Debate strengths and weaknesses of solutions • Choose a solution • Create a PAR or 5 Criteria • Create a standard • Anyone in the room may vote/speak 2 25G Ethernet CFI Agenda • Overview • MAC-PHY Mismatch • Potential Use Cases • Why Now? • Straw Polls 3 25G Ethernet CFI Agenda • Overview • MAC-PHY Mismatch • Potential Use Cases • Why Now? • Straw Polls 4 25G Ethernet CFI 25G Ethernet Overview • Provide a 25G media access control (MAC) that matches the single-lane 25G physical layer (PHY) technology • In web-scale data centers, 25G Ethernet could provide an efficient server to top-of-rack (TOR) speed increase • Predominantly direct-attach copper (DAC) cable • The speed of the PCIe host bus is not moving as fast as networking connectivity speeds 5 25G Ethernet CFI Existing 10G Topology TOR Switch ASIC • Today’s volume topology 48-port 10G 4-port 40G for web-scale data centers • 48 servers/TOR Server • 3:1 oversubscription Server • Uses low-cost, thin 4-wire SFP+ DAC cable Server 6 25G Ethernet CFI Existing 4x10G Topology TOR Switch ASIC • Commonly used topology in web-scale data centers 48-port 10G 4-port 40G • Permits non-blocking 10G mesh • 40G ports used as 4x10G out cable out - Server with QSFP+ to SFP+ break- Server Server out cable Break Server • Same server network interface card (NIC) as 10G Server 7 25G Ethernet CFI 40G Topology TOR Switch ASIC • High-performance, low- 32-port 40G volume topology • Uses bulkier 16-wire QSFP+ DAC cable Server • Max. -
IEEE Standard for Ethernet
IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 11: Physical Layer and Management Parameters for Serial 25 Gb/s Ethernet Operation Over Single-Mode Fiber IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE IEEE Std 802.3cc™-2017 3 Park Avenue (Amendment to New York, NY 10016-5997 IEEE Std 802.3™-2015 USA as amended by IEEE Std 802.3bw™-2015, IEEE Std 802.3by™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bp™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3br™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bn™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bz™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bu™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bv™-2017, IEEE Std 802.3-2015/Cor 1-2017, and IEEE Std 802.3bs™-2017) IEEE Std 802.3cc™-2017 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.3™-2015 as amended by IEEE Std 802.3bw™-2015, IEEE Std 802.3by™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bp™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3br™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bn™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bz™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bu™-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bv™-2017, IEEE Std 802.3-2015/Cor 1-2017, and IEEE Std 802.3bs™-2017) IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 11: Physical Layer and Management Parameters for Serial 25 Gb/s Ethernet Operation Over Single-Mode Fiber LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 6 December 2017 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This amendment to IEEE Std 802.3-2015 adds Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters for 25 Gb/s operation over single-mode fiber at reaches of at least 10 km (25GBASE-LR) and 40 km (25GBASE-ER). -
Draft Revised Optical Transport Networks & Technologies
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION STUDY GROUP 15 TELECOMMUNICATION TD 107 Rev.2(PLEN/15) STANDARDIZATION SECTOR STUDY PERIOD 2013-2016 English only Original: English Question(s): 3/15 1-12 July 2013 TD Source: Rapporteur Q3/15 Title: Draft Revised Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work Plan, Issue 17 This TD includes the draft of Revised Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work Plan, Issue 17. Contact: Yoshinori Koike Tel: +81-422-59-6723 NTT Corporation Fax: +81-422-59-3493 Japan Email: [email protected] Attention: This is not a publication made available to the public, but an internal ITU-T Document intended only for use by the Member States of ITU, by ITU-T Sector Members and Associates, and their respective staff and collaborators in their ITU related work. It shall not be made available to, and used by, any other persons or entities without the prior written consent of ITU-T. - 2 - TD 107 (PLEN/15) Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work Plan Issue 167, September July 20123 1. General Optical and other Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work Plan is a living document. It may be updated even between meetings. The latest version can be found at the following URL. http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com15/otn/ Proposed modifications and comments should be sent to: Yoshinori Koike [email protected] Tel. +81 422 59 6723 2. Introduction Today's global communications world has many different definitions for Optical and other Transport networks and many different technologies that support them. This has resulted in a number of different Study Groups within the ITU-T, e.g.