voice when in close contact with into the front of the flight. He had Feeding each other (when preening each been chewing his own flight feathers. My basic Gang Gang feed consists other or just being close together on a In my case, the introduction of a new of small seeds which include millets, perch). bird had caused problems. Up until panicum, canary seed with sunflower The begging sound emitted by the then, the hen had been in perfect and oats added in the colder months young is very similar to that heard by feather. to give the birds extra energy. a great many of us on a summer's Even though "feather plucking" The reason for feeding small seed: afternoon wherever Galahs are feed was a problem, this pair remained it is another anti-boredom ploy. The ing their young. very devoted to each other and in idea was put forward to me by a lead Range and Habitat good condition by adhering to the ing black cockatoo aviculturist from The basic range of these birds is following. Sydney. The basic diet of Gang Gangs Southeastern Australia, from mid Overcoming Feather Plucking in the wild state is small seed. I men New South Wales coastal to south "Feather plucking" can be reme tioned those earlier as wild foods, eastern south Australia, as well as died by relieving boredom. I feel eucalyptus and so forth. So, if you northern Tasmania. They seem to be when these cockatoos get bored, they can supply birds with seeds that are confined to the coastal areas and turn to self mutilation as a form of small in size, you can stop them from inland to the higher ranges of the anti-boredom. thinking about other things. Blue Mountains. The Gang Gang Cockatoo is a natu The combinations I've outlined I imagine their original habitat ral chewer, spending much of his idle have, indeed, helped rid my birds of would have been the thicker eucalyp time in his native habitat stripping their feather plucking problem. I can tus forest areas. Now, much of this leaves, buds, bark and branchlets not see why it should not work with type of habitat has been replaced as a from trees. If you are to keep them in other Gang Gangs, if similar problems result of clearing for the pastoral good feather condition, you should, occur. industry or for complete forest as a prerequisite, supply them with Other Foods changes, i.e. Pinus plantations for fresh, natural hardwood perches with In addition to the basic food mix associated industries. branches and, if possible, with seed ture mentioned, I occasionally supply Aviary Notes pods. The birds love eucalyptus, espe fresh fruit in the form of apples, The Gang Gang Cockatoo is a very cially String Bark (Eucalyptus which are torn open for the seeds. desirable aviary bird, although not macrorhyncha) and other subspecies. Oranges are supplied and the birds eat readily available in good feather con The Gang Gangs relish Acacia, Teatree skin, flesh, seeds and all. My birds dition. If they are in peak feather con and the branches of Pinus subspecies also get a variety of nuts, such as pea dition, they can command premium (with smaller nuts). I make a special nuts, almonds, walnuts and acorns. I prices here in New South Wales. Then effort to obtain Hawthorn branches in feed pits of peaches and apricots, again, Gang Gangs do not come on the autumn when this introduced tree which are basically a nut anyway. The the market all that regularly from pri is in "full berry:' It is a favorite food birds will eat and enjoy dog nuts, vate aviculturists. Dealers seem to get replacement for Gang Gangs in the especially the smaller round ones first "crack" at these birds, for several wild. The birds really enjoy these which are made of wholemeal bread reasons. First, the dealer seems to be branches. They search them for (multi-grained type). My birds also get "in the know" and snaps up any insects and seed pods and finally strip paddie melons, a wild type of melon. available birds. People may keep Gang the branch of its leaves and bark. In These grow on vines like watermelon Gangs for several years, not breed the end, a branch that will fill the in paddocks along creeks and in culti them and when they see another bird bulk of the aviary flight is reduced to vated paddocks. They are usually species they fancy that will breed a heap of splinters, leaves and chewed about four inches in diameter, look readily and raise quick cash, the Gang seed pods by the next day. ing very much like the cultivated jam Gangs end up at the dealers. Also, the My pair is like two little kids about melons and the seeds are the same as birds may start feather plucking, a to receive a bag full of new toys. such. The birds enjoy these seeds. My "scourge" of this species. Again, this When I arrive outside their aviary birds enjoy these melons so much, may cause the owner to give up and with a new branch, they bounce back that at the time I had only the hen I sell the birds. and forward from the front perch to rolled a paddie melon in on the aviary Feather Plucking the flight front, calling and head bob floor in the off chance she would be With regard to feather plucking. bing excitedly. interested. These melons have formed This problem came to light with the Why I Use Branches a regular part of my other cockatoos' pair I have as follows: I had my hen I would like to support my ideas of winter diet. The next morning that bird for approximately two years supplying branches having leaves, particular melon was desiccated. This prior to obtaining a cock bird for her. pods and so forth. In my younger was very unusual as the paddie melon Things were great at first. "Love at days, when the road to town was lit is not a part of a Gang Gang's normal first sight" so to speak, with mutual tered with eucalyptus leaves and diet. Besides, as far as I was aware, preening from the onset. Several small branchlets, I knew this was a this particular hen had never before weeks later, when their annual end of good indication that Gang Gangs seen the cultivating of a paddie the summer molt had finished the were about. This "mat" of litter was melon. I also give my birds fresh corn hen's crest feathers did not reappear. an indication to me that these birds on the cob when in season (autumn). It was obvious at that time, the cock were great chewers. I use the litter on The Gang Gang is an arboreal bird was paying too much attention to the road as an example, because the feeder and it normally only comes to the spouse. Shortly after this, I best strands of Stringy Bark were the the ground to drink. entered the flight and the cock bird ones dropped on the road by the Special Feed Tray hurtled past me and sort of crashed Gang Gangs. Because the Gang Gang Cockatoo is 42 February I March 1991 an arboreal feeder and since that first spend almost all their time in trees. his pair of Gang Gangs. Several inter feeding of the paddie melon, I have They should feel more secure off the esting facts have emerged from the constructed a mesh "green feed tray:' ground. The normal end of a flight breeding ofthis pair. It is used to hold food items adjacent pattern is to sweep up to perch. The first year, they bred in a log to the perch at the rear of the aviary Height would then give them a about six feet high, one end sitting on in the shelter. At the same time the chance to loop down and back up to the earthen floor of his aviary. Prior seed mixture is supplied in a feeder alight. to a successful mating and raising of consisting ofan old metal garbage can Although I have not bred these young, they evicted a pair of Major lid that is placed upside down on a birds, I am hopeful of doing so, given Mitchell's from this log. They had pipe stand 48 inches above the floor a flight of either type mentioned been, up until then, successfully shar ofthe shelter. above to give them privacy. To get ing the aviary with the Mitchell's. My birds have grit available all the them to accept a suitable box or log, I The second year, they deserted time. This is supplied on the floor by have supplied them with more than their original log and opted for a four means of a shovel full of sand/gravel. one choice in various locations. foot suspended log. They are still They get cuttlefish (bone) as often as I have a friend who has bred from using this log. possible. The birds are provided with water in an enamel dish (due to the cockatoo's chewing abilities). Housing Housing for the Gang Gangs should be steel framed aviaries, covered in a heavy fabricated mesh. Dimensions of my aviaries are ten feet long, four feet wide and seven feet high with a perch at either end. The aviary is _.~ covered six feet in from the rear with corrugated iron; the flight faces north. The aviary is housed in a group of six cockatoo flights, all having the same dimensions. They are housed between a pair of Major Mitchell Cockatoos (Cacatua lead beateri) and a pair of Longbilled Cor ellas (Cacatua tenuirostris). The April 2 1 thru aviary has a full concrete floor. '" Adequate Breeding Facilities May 4, 1991 The housing provided for these birds may not be the best for breeding results. They would probably be of Special Interest to All Bird Fanciers better if housed in a flight away from • Private Motorcoach for AVian Safari Group other birds, or if they were com • AvianlNaturalist gUides for Avian Safari Group pletely partitioned off from view of • All hotels based on double occupancy. their neighbors. I anticipate doing • 2 I full meals just that for all of my flights in the • Breakfast meeting with avian club in Brisbane near future. My aviaries could be • Cruise - Full day to the Great Barrier Reef. enlarged, primarily in height. These • TourAthertonTablelands-visitrain forests, mountains, birds do fly high over the forest can the Australian Butterfly Sanctuary at Kuranda opy. When flying through the forest, • Visit Currumbin Bird Sanctuary - Australia's they twist and wheel. Then again, largest bird sanctuary while they are feeding, they prefer to • Stay atBinna Burra Lodge in Lamington National Park move from branch to branch either by • Breakfast at Rainforest Habitat climbing or by means of short flights • Visit Featherdale Wildlife Park and behind the scenes of a few wing beats, between trees, as tour of Avian Facilities when feeding in a group of Hawthorn • and much morel trees. Yet again, as an alternative to this some birds of a flock will take Price Per Person based on double Occupancy: off in a type of semi-display show-off From Los Angeles flight, twisting and wheeling, emit ting their harsh call, to alight almost Presented By... 69 exactly where they left. Akra Travel, Inc. • In my view, as long as they have 3216 Hendricks Avenue flight length to help combat obesity Jacksonville, Florida 32207 and plenty of wing clearance, they (BOO) 741-5057· (904) 396-3388 • (904) 396-1679 - FAX Contact: Alice Grove should be alright. Height would be an important prerequisite, as these birds afa WATCHBIRD 43 One other interesting thing happens when breeding season approaches. They will devour ....--AVI·TIPS----- partridge eggs from the floor of the by Laurella Desborough aviary. One can only speculate as to Martinez, California the reason for this. I definitely would not consider confining these beautiful cockatoos Disinfecting With Liquid Chlorine Bleach in a small cage for any extended time. All bird breeders and pet bird owners are faced with the necessity of Natural Habitat Changes routinely disinfecting equipment such as bird bowls, perches, cages, The introduced Hawthorn tree flights, baby brooders, and nurseries. An all around disinfectant that is seems to have filled a gap in the Gang inexpensive and readily available at your local grocery store is liquid Gang's winter food requirements in chlorine bleach. In order to achieve maximum effectiveness using this area. They tend to ripen in later bleach, certain procedures should be followed. summer and early autumn when the Gang Gangs traditionally flock, after 1. Priorto using the bleach solution, thoroughly wash and rinse any breeding season. This traditional item to be disinfected. "non-native" food supply will last a number ofbirds for several months. 2. Make up the bleach solution fresh daily. Testing reveals significant Hedges of these and other exotic deterioration of the bleach solution within 24 hours. flora to the Gang Gang taste sustain them in the cooler months in quite a 3. Use the correct proportions of bleach to few of the southern Tableland's clean water: a three percent (3%) to five towns. Unfortunately for the Gang percent (5%) solution is effective. Three Gang, these hedges tend to be planted percent solution: use 1/2 cup (4 oz.) of along busy arterial roads, thus on bleach to one gallon of water. Five percent approach to or leaving some hedges, solution: use 3/4 cup or 6 oz. of bleach to many Gang Gangs lose their lives in one gallon of water. collisions with motor vehicles. 4. Leave objects to be disinfected in the The Gang Gangs appear regularly bleach solution (covered by the solution) at every year in the late summer, early autumn months in flocks with their least one minute for non-porous surfaces, season's young. They are particularly and five minutes for clean, porous surfaces and 15 minutes for organic surfaces. common in some of Canberra's sub urbs at that time ofyear. 5. Rinse thoroughly with clean water to When I was younger, I was always remove caustic bleach residues prior to led to believe these birds only bred in returning to use. the mountains. Now, after speaking with a senior colleague who has been 6. The disinfecting bleach solution may be sprayed onto surfaces involved with cockatoos in his such aswalls, cages or floors unless it beads up, then it should be younger days, he has informed me wiped onto these cleaned surfaces, and allowed to stand for five that they nest a lot closer to home to 15 minutes, depending on the nature of the surface (non than that. He has promised to show porous, porous, or organic). me some nesting sights some day. Apparently the Gang Gangs will nest 7. Don't use the disinfecting chlorine solution in conjunction with anywhere from six and one half feet most dishwashing detergents, hand soaps/detergents, some rug off ground level to nearly 100 feet. shampoos, hair shampoos, car shampoos, and some automatic My friend also told me they did not dishwashing detergents as they are not compatible with bleach enter inside a limb very far, only and destroy its effectiveness. Calgon and Electrasol are compati about 24 to 35 inches from the ble with bleach. Laundry detergents are generally compatible with entrance. bleach, but most laundry soaps are not. I had thought when flocks of these birds appeared in late summer, early 8. Chlorine bleach, correctly used at the 3% to 5% solution, is effec autumn, they came down from the tive as a disinfectant for all the known viruses, fungi, and bacteria, mountains. This may well have been with the exception ofchlamydia (which causes chlamydiosis or the fact, as all the breeding pairs and psittacosis). Therefore, liquid chlorine bleach as a disinfectant their young congregate in flocks. wou Id not be recommended where chlamydiosis was a suspected I can remember in autumn, the or known disease in a pet or breeder situation. Glutaraldehyde major food supply, the Stringy Barks, products (Wavicide) or quaternary ammonium products (Roccal were about. The Gang Gangs would D) would be recommended disinfectants for chlamydiosis. clamber about feeding in the large Stringy Barks. These trees, laden with Preparedby Laurella Desborough, Professional Standards Committee. For nuts, are not a common sight any more detailed information, refer to L.M. Withey's article in the 1990 Pro ceedings of the Avian Pediatric Seminar. more. The birds spend a lot of time stripping these trees of nuts for food and passing the time. Now, unfortun- 44 February /March 1991 ately, most of these trees have been crest and the chest and back are grey. cleared in the wake of the pastoral The lighter grey probably suits their industry in our area. This clearing ground feeding habits. The former also reduces nesting sites. bird's darker plumage suits feeding in The Gang Gang's traditional flock the shadowy branch areas. Therefore, ing coincides with this Stringy Bark both have adapted to blend in with "banquet:' This has now been their main surroundings. If you have ~. replaced by a certain amount of the ever had the opportunity to study introduced Hawthorn. these two birds in flight, it is very Over the past few years, I've had hard to distinguish between them. LORIIDAE the opportunity to study an area of This is particularly true near dusk. ~ PRODUCTION Hawthorn trees on the Yass River When giving their pre-roosting dis NETWORK where the Gang Gangs arrive in their play flights, their calls obviously give offers: small flock. The young birds usually them away. The begging note of the wait, initially in their creche area in young birds is virtually identical. Lories Delight Dry Diet - in powder tall eucalyptus above the Hawthorns. Both species have the habit of form form which is natural to Lories. After several days, they will follow ing a creche area for their young. The May be used in three forms: nectar, their parents down to the Hawthorns, creche is a type of area where the dry, and hand feeding. continually begging for food. The young sit and wait patiently for their ***** parents usually succumb to the beg parents to bring food to them (I have 30 species of Lories available ging and feed their offspring. At the observed this characteristic myself). handfed babies and adults. same time the young are being intro The two species, as well as having duced to the food they are being fed, extremely similar flight patterns ***** and would obviously take time to while feeding, have the habit of tak "Lories and Lorikeets In Aviculture" sample it for themselves. Thus wean ing off and performing very similar Book by John Vanderhoof ing is complete. aerobatics. They consist of calling, Comprehensive information on I would imagine this clearing of rapid flock formation and unison breeding and maintenance of Lories. trees affects the seasonal movement flight forming, wheeling and espe John Vanderhoof cially spiralling downwards to alight of the Gang Gangs. I still believe the P.O. Box 575, Woodlake, CA 93286 majority of Gang Gangs come down and resume feeding. (209) 564-3610 to lower altitudes to avoid the harsh Conclusion winter conditions of the alps. What I My own observations of this am saying is, these birds will even species in my local area over the last tually have no "winter home;' due to 30 years gives me a guide to the future the fact that the once traditional food of the species in the wild. supply will be non-existent. It fol The Gang Gang is a species with a lows, ifmore birds are forced to lower "narrow" food source. It needs the altitudes to less food, or forced to habitat of a basic eucalyptus forest for stay in the high country to winter out, survival. Additionally, its main nest there will be a higher mortality rate ing sites are in the same stands of for the species. This will eventually eucalyptus. Therefore, its very exist lead to the decline ofthe species. ence depends on the protection and CacatuaAffinities maintenance of the large tracts of On the other hand, this land clear such stands of forests. As I have stated ance has benefitted the Gang Gang's earlier, the Gang Gang is a very desir UELPSAVE close relative, the Galah (EouPhus able aviary bird. The way this bird roseicapillus), a bird suited to the clambers about on the mesh of its TUEPARROTS open country. They moved in here in aviary and its calls are unique. The the late 1930s, a fact confirmed by my way it flicks its crest out forward OF TUEWORLD late father. Land clearance, more when excited shows it is decidedly stock watering points, cereal crops As rain forests and other habitats are Cacatuine. destroyed, over 70 species of parrot and split grain have aided this new I would stress here, that this is not a face extinction. Please help us cockatoo wave. The Galah now out bird that should be subjected to preserve these beautiful, intelligent numbers the previous Gang Gang aviary conditions unless you are birds in the wild, and work for their numbers. prepared to provide a good environ welfare in captivity. We are the parrot specialists-we urgently need I have mentioned that I think the ment. By this I mean the food and Galah and the Gang Gang are closely your support. Send $25 for a branch requirements I have men membership pack, or a donation, or related. I will give a few reasons for tioned earlier. We need to encourage write for more information to: my beliefs. Apparently, the Gang this species to propagate itself in Gang and the Galah have hybridized captivity. WORLD PARROT TRUST (A) in captivity. If you look closely at Regd. Charity No. 800944 their basic plumage color, one is very References P.O. Box 611201 much like the other. References and recommended reading: North Miami, Florida, 33261·1201 Caley, Neville W., Australian Parrots in Field Both sexes have a reddish orange andAviary Glanmor House, Hayle, fringe to the feathers on their chest Revised Lendon, Alan H. Cornwall TR27 4HY, U.K. and abdomen. The Galah has a pink Forshaw, Joseph M., Australian Parrots. afa WATCHBIRD 45 Ground Birds (continuedjrompage31) Barbary Partridge, A. barbata Jungle Quail, Perdicula asiatica 1-fouse Philby's Rock Partridge, A. and the Painted Bush Quail, Perdi Cathy phi/byi, is a species recently intro cula erythrorhyncha are not birds duced to this country, again by cour with which I have had any personal tesy ofSan Diego Zoo, and one which experience. I understand that small ~ by its impressive fecundity is destined populations of them do still exist in to become permanently established California and that they are treated 'Button ~ail in American collections. much the same as Button Quail but NORMALS • MUTATIONS Erkels Francolin, with extra supplies of live food and chopped fruit and greens. 269 Orange Avenue Francolinus erkelii, Ethiopia Goleta, California 93117 and Egypt/Sudan plateau. One of only a handful of species in Crimson-headed Wood Partridge, (805) 968-4024 captivity representing quite a large Haematortyx sanguiniceps, and mostly unknown family. This is Northern Borneo. one of the largest species and males An exquisite little bird about the size Kathleen Szabo Harring can be quite pugnacious to both of a Roul Roul, some birds were domestic handraised babies keeper and hens. They are famous for imported for the first time in decades (305) 258-2373 their snake killing ability. These birds earlier this year. Recently bred in Sar LUV THEM BIRDS, INC. can be extremely noisy and cannot be awak, they appear to have rather P.Q Box 0285. Goulds. FL 33170 recommended for built up neighbor peculiar breeding behavior (although hoods. it should be noted that only a single Grey Partridge, Perdixperdix, breeding occurrence was described) Gamini Ratnavira Europe and west Asia. in that only one egg is laid which is Wildlife Artist Also known as the Hungarian Par not incubated for five to seven days. 850 Hillcrest Place (studio) tridge. Another bird often overlooked The chick hatches after an incubation (619) 723-9256 period of 24 days and can fly when 300 N. Brandon (gallery) by the aviculturist, these sweet nat Suite 7, VictorianVillage ured, subtly patterned little birds five days old. (W.P.A. News, May (619) 723-9256 1990). Fallbrook, CA 92028 make delightful pets and are an ideal beginner's bird. Roul Roul, Rollulus roulroul, Harlequin Quail, Coturnix Southeast Asia. The Wright Roost delegorguei, Africa south ofthe Strikingly beautiful in both male and Jeri Wright 1 Sahara and southern Arabia. female plumages. Still being main (206) 838·9802 tained in reasonable numbers in this NCNV HAND-FEEDING Described in "The Birds of Africa" Hyacinths & othermacaws, Cockatoos Volume 2 as common to very abun country although the population Conures & Amazons appears to have declined in recent Domestic, Close-Banded dant, the birds are trapped very heav Roudybush Distributor ily in areas of human habitation. years. Delightful, tame little birds Typically one or more birds are caged with mellow, whistling calls and con on a pole above the long grass where versation. They build domed nests on - AMERICAN the ground out of leaf litter, but will ~ they will call incessantly, attracting .,. ...
afa WATCHBIRD 47 A bird for the connoiseur, Elegant, and Doves, are another large family ~ Humm,ingbirds stately, exquisitely patterned and col which have their fans in the avicul ~, ored, with a quiet though penetrating tural world. Lones-Tanagers voice. I shall only mention a few species ~\ Rare Finches These birds are consistently being here commencing with the Luzon bred now at some zoos, although Bleeding Heart Dove, Gallico Park Birds only in small numbers, and are very lumba luzonica, from the Philip Singing Birds expensive when they do appear on pines. A beautiful little bird, quiet and other birds upon request • the open market. We have kept ours non-aggressive, easily maintained on ", Also have high with birds as small as seedeaters a seed and chopped fruit diet with a quality nectar diets! AUrea _"-co,, (Sporophila sp.), with no problems, few mealworms. A good sized popu Dick Schroeder Don Wells although I'm sure they would eat a lation exists in this country and birds (213) 77~;~~2.aJ~!~.l71-8330 callow nestling should they discover can generally be found available at one. most times of the year. The elegant little Plumed Pigeon, AVICULTURAL Bustards are an Old World family of Petrophassa plumifera, from Austra SOCIETY Of some 25 species of generally large lia can be extremely aggressive to its ground birds, inhabiting open, grassy mate and care must be taken to pro QUEENSLAND plains and savannahs. Welcomes new members vide hiding places for the birds to Few species are kept in captivity, An Australian Society catering to all birds bOth in escape an aggressive spouse. captivity and in thewild. We publish a bi-monthly although increasing attention is being The fabulous Crowned Pigeons can magazine on all aspects ofaviculture and conser paid to the rare and endangered spe vation. Anyone interested in membership please be kept at liberty and look wonderful contact Ray Garwood, 19 Fahey's Road, Albany cies, of which this small family has strutting around in the garden. All Creek, 4035 Queensland, Australia, Annual quite a number. three forms are represented in captiv subscription, $22 (A) airmail, or $ 16 (A) surface. Probably the most common repre Please remit monies or bank drafts in Australian ity and have their own studbook: currancy, sentative in captivity is the Little Blue-crowned Pigeon, Goura cris Black Bustard, Afrotis atra, from tata, Northwest New Guinea. Africa, although a preponderance of Victoria Crowned Pigeon, G. vic Tell the advertiser males currently exists. Very hand toriae, Northern New Guinea. some but with a raucous barking call you saw his ad in the Maroon-breasted Crowned at times, they will become very tame Pigeon, G. scheepmakeri, Southern WATCHBIRDI and sometimes even aggressive New Guinea. towards their keepers. My personal favorite family, the Waders are an enormous group of Pittas, or Jewel Thrushes, are beauti aviculturally ignored birds which cer fully colored and patterned with long tainly merit a closer look. legs and very short tails. Totally Two of the most popular in North terrestrial except when roosting, the Bird American collections are the South families' center of distribution is in ern Lapwing, Vanellus chilensis, southeast Asia where most of the 25 Pet and Supplies from South America, and the Black or so species are found. The family smith Plover, Vanellus armatus, actually ranges from Africa to Austra Retailers - from eastern and southern Africa. lia, but only one form is African Both of them are beautiful birds, while three can be found in Australia. boldy patterned and totally terrestrial Some of the species are: did you know that one but with a butterfly-like flight which Giant Pitta, Pitta caerulea, Thai shows offthe flashy wing patterns. land, Malaya. ofthe most prestigious The Sandgrouse are a group to make Blue-winged, Pitta p. molluccensis, bird publications, the mouth water and to make even East India, southwest China, south the most conservative aviculturist east Asia. The Watchbird want more. Superficially resembling Hooded Pitta, P. sordida, India, is available for grouse but with a pigeonlike head southwest China. and behavior, all species are beauti Elliot's Pitta, P. ellioti, Indochina. resale in your store? fully patterned and plumaged. Totally The Banded Pitta, Pitta guajana, terrestrial, only a handful of the 16 is one of the few sexually dimorphic species have been kept and bred suc species and an exceptionally lovely Call or write for information: cessfully in this country, although last bird. year saw an influx of three forms Finally, the Quail Finch, Ortygo American Federation of Aviculture through a west coast importer. p.o. Box 56218 spiza atricollis, from Africa is the When hatched, the chicks are pre Phoenix, AZ 85079-6218 truly tiny terrestrial referred to at the cocial and are self feeding on seeds start of my article. A waxbill of bogs (602) 484-0931 and vegetable matter. Curiously the and swamps which, in the wild, is chicks drink from the water soaked never known to perch, these birds belly feathers of the male which are need considerable live food when physically designed for that purpose. rearing young, but have been bred on A closely related group, the Pigeons a number of occasions in captivity.•
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