SUBJECT INDEX Journal of Coastal Research Annual Index Vol

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SUBJECT INDEX Journal of Coastal Research Annual Index Vol Journal of Coastal Research 233-240 Royal Palm Beach, Florida Winter 2000 SUBJECT INDEX Journal of Coastal Research Annual Index Vol. 15 (Nos. 1-4), 1999 A Area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB), cusps, 379 660 domain, 100 A and E horizons, in soils, 617 Argon plasma-optical emission spectropho- erosion control study of 1993 (The Purple Above ground primary production, 719 tometer, 874 Report), 206 Abra alba, 159 Argopecten, 1156 erosion, 335, 635, 777 Abrasion sediments, 544 Armored bluffs, 618 evolution, 107 Accoustic transducers, 625 Arthrocnemum fruticosum, 671, 719, 726 foreshore slopes, 1041 Accretionary history of a beach, 154 Atlantic age, 603 granulometry, 775 Accuracy assessment, 920 Atlantic Iberian margin, 414 monitoring, 113 Achnanthes hauckiana, 50 Atlantic type margins in Brazil, 505 morphodynamic states, 397 Acicular aragonite cements, 799 Australian Height Datum (ARD), 608 morphology, 97 Acoustic BackScatter (ABS) systems, 625 Auto and cross-correlation analysis, 227 nourishment database for the east coast, Acoustic reflection record, 87 Available soil phosphorus, 879 1100 Acoustic- Doppley velocimeter, 76 Avicennia nourishment, 111, 1102 Acropora palmata, 799 germinans (Avicenniaceae), 497, 1145 plain, 904 Active P043-(DIP), 530 marina var. resinifera, 609 profile Active shoreline notches, 687 shape, 950 surveys and analysis, 223 Adriatic coast, 458 B Aerial regulation, 665 photogrammetry, 753 resort, 660 photographs, 902, 1151 Backbarrier marshes, 872 ridge, 32~ 635, 641 Afforestation, 911 Backshore plants, 648 rock, 639 Agaricia agaricites, 799 Backwash sandstone, 639 Age dating of sediment cores, 1059 phase, 82 sediment, 685 Aglaphamus macroura, F. 1128 ripples, 84 slope, 539 Aglaura hemistoma, 143 Baculogypsina sphaerulata, 929, 932 surveying, 389 Air photo records, 1128 Bakkhali estuary, 903 system, 839 Air photograph, 902 Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichumi, 618 toe, 951 Airborn sediments, 905 Bank migration, 601 tourism development, 653 Airborne video imagery, 1147 Bar user preference, 654, 663 Air-sea interaction studies, 770 bifurcations, 375 users, 656 Aka brevitubulatum, 801 degeneration, 372 volumes, 229 Albanian coastal zone, 345 generation, 370, 755, 892 width, 539, 663 Alexandria lighthouse, 266 switching, 375 Beaches, 927 Algal terraces, 685 welding, 370 Beach-quality sand, 869 Alluvial Bar/channel migration, 228 Beachrock, 326, 685 facies, 318 Baroclinic right-bounded boundary current, Beach-sediment composition, 550 Gley Soils, 17 61 BEASAC (Belfotop Enrosense Acoustic Sound­ plain, 349 Barra del Chuy, 122 ing Air Cushion platform), 99 Ammonification, 531 Barred beaches, 430 Beaufort Shelf, 1012 Ammophila Barreiras formation, 506 Bed arenaria, 938 Barrier island-bay systems, 241 friction, 474 breviligulata, 523 Barrier islands, 241, 648, 1014 geometry, 777 littoralis, 458 Barringtonia asiatica, 930 roughness, 624 Anaerobic conditions, 497 Bars migrating, 238 shear stress, 1 Analysis Basal reflector complex (BRC), 596 Bedform of air photos, 1018 Batatas littoralis sensu Choisy non (L.) Choi­ flood-dominated, 595 multitemporal spectral classification, 920 ky, 645 geometry, 624 Anapella cycladae, 609 Bathing length scales, 631 Anastomosing distributaries, 349 beaches, 859 patterns, 305 Anemometer data, 770 water report, 656 transport rate, 4 Annual erosion rate, 268 Bathymetric profiles, 595 Bedrock promontories, 349 Anodontia edentula, 997 Bathymetry, 825, 865 Bedwaves, 84 Anomalinatum balthicum, 413 Batis maritima L., 1147 Behaviour-oriented modelling, 708 ANOVA test, 719 Battilaria (Zeacumantus) diemenensis, 609 Benthic Anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gas- Bay of Biscay, 1087 ecology, 1127 es, 702 Baymouth barrier, 860 foraminiferal species, 413 Anti-dunes, 84 Beach and dune, 903 Berm terrace, 365 Aquitain coastline, 428 backshore plains, 1052 Bimodal texture, 114 Arakawa C-grid, 170 changes, 220, 986 Binary relationships, 462 Archaeological sites, 687 compactness, 116 Biodegradation, 1068 234 Subject Index Bioeroding species, 803 earthquakes, 58 Coastal Zone Management Sub-Group, In­ Biogenic sand, 269 subduction zone, 45 tergovernmental Panel of Climate Bio-geochemistry, nutrients, 1057 Cassidulina minuta, 559 Change (IPCC), 702 Biomass, 717 Catala Lake sediment sequence, 54 Coastal zone problems, 980 Biosphere, 909 Cellular surf zone circulation, 814 Coastline erosion, 872 Biostratigraphy, 50 Cerastoderma glaucum, 158 Cocconeis scutellum, 50 Bioturbated, 996 CERC formula, 272, 275 Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), 497 Bismarck Archipelago, 682 Chakoria mangrove forest, 902 Coffee rock, 735 Biwave (BIW) data, 627 Chamaecrista fasciculata, 790 Coir (coconut fibre) production, 635 Black mangrove, 1149 Channel degradation, 774 Compacted segments, 119 Blooms of mollusk species, 1156 Characteristic planforms, 304 Comparative index of foredune instability Blue Flag and the Seaside Award, 659 Characteristics of dune sands, 938 (C.I.F.I.), 463 Bolivian pulchella, 559 Chezy boundary resistance coefficient, 245 Composite Bolivina species, 558 Chorophyll-a, 19 sinusoidal bed, 492 Boreholes, 315 Cibicide lobatulus, 413 satellite imagery, 1147 Borrichia frutescens, 1147 Cibicidella variabilis, 559 Computational domain, 249 Borrow CIR aerial photography, 789 Computer material, 114 Circulation in the CAPES, 1163 model (SEDTRANS), 2 pits, 932 Classification thermal and mechanical processes, 338 Bottom of ripple types, 4 Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae), 497 contour chart, 890 strategy, 913 Conseptual model, shoreline bluff erosion, turbid cloud, 87 Clearwater Marine Aquarium, 115 616 types, 1155 Cliff Continental shelves, 593, 884 Bougainvillia muscus (Allman), 145 bluff shorelines, 1014 Convolvulus sinuatus Petanga C. Cirillo, 645 Boundary-element-method (BEM), 487 erosion, 334 Coral debris, 641 Boussinesq equations, 122, 739 recession, 360 Coral Rage (Azanian Series of Stockley), 637 Brachiodontes, 1156 Cliffed Coral terraces, 690 Brackish ground waters, 497 coasts, 685 Coral-rich limestone, 637 Bragg shoreline, 637 Cored sediments, 49 resonance Cliff-foot deposits, 362 Cores and subsurface excavations, 610 phenomenon, 486 Cliffs, 654 Coriolis ripples, 449 Climate variation, 958 force, 593 scatterers, 445 Climate-sediment radioactivity relationship, parameter, 63 scattering geometric coefficients, 449 958 Corolla tube, 647 Bragg-breakwater concept, 487 Cliona Costata,50 Bragg-resonance peaks, 487 aprica, 801 Crassotrea virginica Gmelin, 1145 Braided scour marks, 1043 caribbaea, 800 Crete, summer winds, 531 Bray-Curtis index, 157 lampa, 799 Cribroelphidium exavatum, 51 Break point bars, 430 laticovicola, 799, 800 Croatan-Roanoke-Albemarle-Pamlic-Core Breaker transition (or breaking zone), 893 schmidti, 801 Sounds Estuary System, (CAPES), 1163 Breaker type, 745 vermifera, 799 Croatian National Forest, 618 Bruun-rule, shoreline adjustment, 227 Closure depth, 249, 277 Cross-shore Buccella tennerima, 51 Cluster analysis, 161 beach profile changes, 70, 333 Bulimina marginata, 560 Coarse slope, 761 Buliminella elegantissima, 559 clastic (gravel/shingle) deposits, 1030 velocity moments, 199 Bulk density, 673 grained ripples, 833 Cryptic encrusting communities, 799 Buna Delta, 346 sediment layers, 58 Current Buoyancy effects, 1008 Coast line changes, 775 field, 1166 Burg algorithm, 383 Coastal velocity, 825 Burrullus coast, 264 barriers, 739 Cusp formation, 741 Bursera, 500 beaches, 520 Cuspate delta lobe, 349 Bursting phenomena, 452 dunes, 457, 992 Cyanobacteria, 801 dynamics, 461 Cyathura carinata, 158,159 erosion, 616 Cypress fringe, 619 c flood hazards, 976 geology, 927 C-14 dating, 1155 geomorphology, 36, 635, 685 D Calais and Dunkerque stage deposits, 603 hazards, 976 Calcareous sand, 269 interglacial and mid-Holocene coral ter- Dameitta coast, 264 California Coastal Act, 976 races, 690 Danube delta, 859 California Coastal Commission (CCC), 983 marshes, 722 Danube-Black Sea System Monitoring Pro- Callianassa kraussi, 995 morphology, 32, 704 gram, 863 Callichirus major, 560 plain of Israel, 399 De la Plata River basin, 909 Callophyllum inophyllum, 930 plain, 508, 902 Dean equilibrium profile, 951 Calluna vulgaris, 938 population growth, 974 Decision support system (DSS), 704 Canadia Beaufort Sea coastline, 332 science, 303 Decomposition of organic matter in litter Cancris auriculus, 413 setback, 892 bags, 725 Capacitance probe, 938 shelf of Israel, 399 Deforestation, 323 Capture and bypassing, 238 storms, 105 Dehydrogenase activity, 19 Caribbean mangroves, 500 suspended sediment concentration, 38 Delaware Bay, 445 Carpenteria utricularis, 799 systems, 703, 717 Delta coast, 859 Cascadia Coastal Zone Management (CZM), 648, 701 Delta of the Parana River, 909 Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 16, No.1, 2000 Subject Index 235 Dendrogram, 161 advena, 51 Flood-tidal channels, 221, 238 Denitrification, 531 scabra, 413 Florida Bay, mud banks, 1151 Density current, 87 Ekman Florida beaches, 111 Depositional sequence, 996 drift, 62 Florida Gulf Coast, 114 Depth of closure, 866 layer thickness, 766 Flow behavior, 766 Depth sounding, 1013 transport, 766 Fluorescent Depth-integrated hydrodynamic models, 168 Ekofisk oil field, 487 sand movement and dispersion, 262 Descent of sediments through the water col- El Nino, 614 tracer detection, 432 umn, 87 Elbe Estuary, 1132 Fluorescent-dyed grains, 261 Development of wetland surfaces, 675 Electromagnetic current meter, 90 Fluvial sediment transport, 775 Diadema antillarum, 791 Elevational gradients, 881 Focusing of wave energy, 827 Diamicton, 1020 Elphidium Food-controlled
Recommended publications
  • James T. Kirby, Jr
    James T. Kirby, Jr. Edward C. Davis Professor of Civil Engineering Center for Applied Coastal Research Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 USA Phone: 1-(302) 831-2438 Fax: 1-(302) 831-1228 [email protected] http://www.udel.edu/kirby/ Updated September 12, 2020 Education • University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware. Ph.D., Applied Sciences (Civil Engineering), 1983 • Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. Sc.B.(magna cum laude), Environmental Engineering, 1975. Sc.M., Engineering Mechanics, 1976. Professional Experience • Edward C. Davis Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 2003-present. • Visiting Professor, Grupo de Dinamica´ de Flujos Ambientales, CEAMA, Universidad de Granada, 2010, 2012. • Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 1994-2002. Secondary appointment in College of Earth, Ocean and the Environ- ment, University of Delaware, 1994-present. • Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, 1989- 1994. Secondary appointment in College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, as Associate Professor, 1989-1994. • Associate Professor, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida, 1988. • Assistant Professor, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida, 1984- 1988. • Assistant Professor, Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1983- 1984. • Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, 1979-1983. • Principle Research Engineer, Alden Research Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1979. • Research Engineer, Alden Research Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1977-1979. 1 Technical Societies • American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering Division.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations of Shoaling Density Current Regime Changes in Internal Wave Interactions
    JUNE 2020 S O L ODOCH ET AL. 1733 Observations of Shoaling Density Current Regime Changes in Internal Wave Interactions AVIV SOLODOCH,JEROEN M. MOLEMAKER, AND KAUSHIK SRINIVASAN Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California MARISTELLA BERTA Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, La Spezia, Italy LOUIS MARIE Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France ARJUN JAGANNATHAN Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Manuscript received 1 August 2019, in final form 16 April 2020) ABSTRACT We present in situ and remote observations of a Mississippi plume front in the Louisiana Bight. The plume propagated freely across the bight, rather than as a coastal current. The observed cross-front circulation pattern is typical of density currents, as are the small width (’100 m) of the plume front and the presence of surface frontal convergence. A comparison of observations with stratified density current theory is conducted. Additionally, subcritical to supercritical transitions of frontal propagation speed relative to internal gravity wave (IGW) speed are demonstrated to occur. That is in part due to IGW speed reduction with decrease in seabed depth during the frontal propagation toward the shore. Theoretical steady-state density current propagation speed is in good agreement with the observations in the critical and supercritical regimes but not in the inherently unsteady subcritical regime. The latter may be due to interaction of IGW with the front, an effect previously demonstrated only in laboratory and numerical experiments. In the critical regime, finite- amplitude IGWs form and remain locked to the front.
    [Show full text]
  • FAU Institutional Repository
    FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Notice: ©2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. This is the author’s version of a work accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, including peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. The definitive version has been published at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/csr and may be cited as Lee, Thomas N., Ned Smith (2002) Volume transport variability through the Florida Keys tidal Channels, Continental Shelf Research 22(9):1361–1377 doi:10.1016/S0278‐4343(02)00003‐1 Continental Shelf Research 22 (2002) 1361–1377 Volume transport variability through the Florida Keys tidal channels Thomas N. Leea,*, Ned Smithb a Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA b Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 US Highway 1, North, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946, USA Received 28 February 2001; received in revised form 13 July 2001; accepted 18 September 2001 Abstract Shipboard measurements of volume transports through the passages of the middle Florida Keys are used together with time series of moored transports, cross-Key sea level slopes and local wind records to investigate the mechanisms controllingtransport variability. Predicted tidal transport amplitudes rangedfrom 76000 m3/s in LongKey Channel to 71500 m3/s in Channel 2. Subtidal transport variations are primarily due to local wind driven cross-Key sea level slopes.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Study of Atrato River Plume in a Tropical Estuary
    Dyna ISSN: 0012-7353 [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia Montoya, Luis Javier; Toro-Botero, Francisco Mauricio; Gomez-Giraldo, Andrés Study of Atrato river plume in a tropical estuary: Effects of the wind and tidal regime on the Gulf of Uraba, Colombia Dyna, vol. 84, núm. 200, marzo, 2017, pp. 367-375 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49650910043 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Study of Atrato river plume in a tropical estuary: Effects of the wind and tidal regime on the Gulf of Uraba, Colombia 1 Luis Javier Montoya a, Francisco Mauricio Toro-Botero b & Andrés Gomez-Giraldo b a Universidad de Medellin, Medellin, Colombia. [email protected] b Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, [email protected], [email protected] Received: January 7th, 2016. Received in revised form: October 6th, 2016. Accepted. December 20th, 2016 Abstract This study focuses on the relative importance of the forcing agents of Atrato River plume as it propagates in a tropical estuary located in the Gulf of Uraba in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Six campaigns of intensive field data collection were carried out from 2004 to 2007 to identify the main features of the plume and to calibrate and validate a numerical model. Field data and numerical models revealed high spatial and temporal plume variability according to the magnitudes of river discharges, tidal cycles, and wind stress.
    [Show full text]
  • A Satellite View of Riverine Turbidity Plumes on the Ne-E Brazilian Coastal Zone
    BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY, 60(3):283-298, 2012 A SATELLITE VIEW OF RIVERINE TURBIDITY PLUMES ON THE NE-E BRAZILIAN COASTAL ZONE Eduardo Negri de Oliveira1*, Bastiaan Adriaan Knoppers2, João Antônio Lorenzzetti3, Paulo Ricardo Petter Medeiros4, Maria Eulália Carneiro5 and Weber Friederichs Landim de Souza6 1Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Oceanografia Física (Rua São Francisco Xavier, n. 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil) 2Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Departamento de Geoquímica (Morro do Valonguinho s/n, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brasil) 3Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) - Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto (Av. Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil) 4Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Laboratório Natural e Ciências do Mar (Rua Aristeu de Andrade, 452, 57021-090 - Maceió / AL, Brasil) 5Petrobras SA - Monitoramento e Avaliação Ambiental (Av. Horácio de Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil) 6Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia - Laboratório de Metrologia Analítica e Química (Av. Venezuela, 82, 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil) *Corresponding author: [email protected] A B S T R A C T Turbidity plumes of São Francisco, Caravelas, Doce, and Paraiba do Sul river systems, located along the NE/E Brazilian coast, are analyzed for their dispersal patterns of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration using Landsat images and a logarithmic algorithm proposed by Tassan (1987) to convert satellite reflectance values to TSS. The TSS results obtained were compared to in situ collected TSS data. The analysis of the satellite image data set revealed that each river system exhibits a distinct turbidity plume dispersal pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Wave Breaking Turbulence at the Offshore Front of the Columbia River
    GeophysicalResearchLetters RESEARCH LETTER Wave breaking turbulence at the offshore front 10.1002/2014GL062274 of the Columbia River Plume 1 1 1 1 2 Key Points: Jim Thomson , Alex R. Horner-Devine , Seth Zippel , Curtis Rusch , and W. Geyer • Strong currents at fronts cause 1 2 wave breaking University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, • Wave breaking generates strong Massachusetts, USA turbulence • Surface turbulence (from wave breaking) can affect subsurface Abstract Observations at the Columbia River plume show that wave breaking is an important source mixing of turbulence at the offshore front, which may contribute to plume mixing. The lateral gradient of current associated with the plume front is sufficient to block (and break) shorter waves. The intense whitecapping Correspondence to: that then occurs at the front is a significant source of turbulence, which diffuses downward from the J. Thomson, [email protected] surface according to a scaling determined by the wave height and the gradient of wave energy flux. This process is distinct from the shear-driven mixing that occurs at the interface of river water and ocean water. Observations with and without short waves are examined, especially in two cases in which the background Citation: Thomson, J., A. R. Horner-Devine, conditions (i.e., tidal flows and river discharge) are otherwise identical. S. Zippel, C. Rusch, and W. Geyer (2014), Wave breaking turbu- lence at the offshore front of the Columbia River Plume, Geo- phys. Res. Lett., 41, 8987–8993, 1. Introduction doi:10.1002/2014GL062274. The local effects of waves and wave breaking on river plumes and the mixing of estuarine waters is largely unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Nearshore Drift-Cell Sediment Processes And
    Journal of Coastal Research 00 0 000–000 Coconut Creek, Florida Month 0000 Nearshore Drift-Cell Sediment Processes and Ecological Function for Forage Fish: Implications for Ecological Restoration of Impaired Pacific Northwest Marine Ecosystems David Parks†, Anne Shaffer‡*, and Dwight Barry§ †Washington Department of Natural Resources ‡Coastal Watershed Institute §Western Washington University 311 McCarver Road P.O. Box 2263 Huxley Program on the Peninsula Port Angeles, Washington 98362, U.S.A. Port Angeles, Washington 98362, U.S.A. Port Angeles, Washington 98362, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Parks, D.; Shaffer, A., and Barry, D., 0000. Nearshore drift-cell sediment processes and ecological function for forage fish: implications for ecological restoration of impaired Pacific Northwest marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research, 00(0), 000–000. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Sediment processes of erosion, transport, and deposition play an important role in nearshore ecosystem function, including forming suitable habitats for forage fish spawning. Disruption of sediment processes is often assumed to result in impaired nearshore ecological function but is seldom assessed in the field. In this study we observed the sediment characteristics of intertidal beaches of three coastal drift cells with impaired and intact sediment processes and compared the functional metrics of forage fish (surf smelt, Hypomesus pretiosus, and sand lance, Ammodytes hexapterus) spawning and abundance to define linkages, if any, between sediment processes
    [Show full text]
  • A Conceptual Model of the Strongly Tidal Columbia River Plume
    Submitted to Journal of Marine Systems manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Alexander R. Horner-Devine, David A. Jay, Philip M. Orton and Emily Y. Spahn A conceptual model of the strongly tidal Columbia River plume Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract The Columbia River plume is typical of large-scale, high discharge, mid-latitude plumes. In the absence of strong upwelling winds, freshwater from the river executes a rightward turn and forms an anticyclonic bulge before moving north along the Washington coast. In addition to the above A.R. Horner-Devine Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington Tel.: 206-685-3032 E-mail: [email protected] David Jay Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University E-mail: [email protected] Philip Orton Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University E-mail: [email protected] Emily Spahn Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington E-mail: [email protected] 2 dynamics, however, the river plume outflow is subject to large tides, which modify the structure of the plume in the region near the river mouth. Observations based on data acquired during a summer 2005 cruise indicate that the plume consists of four distinct water masses; source water at the lift-off point, and the tidal, re-circulating and far-field plumes. In contrast to most plume models that describe the discharge of low-salinity estuary water into ambient high-salinity coastal water, we describe the Columbia plume as the superposition of these four plume types. We focus primarily on a conceptual summary of the dynamics and mutual interaction of the tidal and re-circulating plumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Encountering Shoaling Internal Waves on the Dispersal Pathway of the Pearl River Plume in Summer Jay Lee1, James T
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Encountering shoaling internal waves on the dispersal pathway of the pearl river plume in summer Jay Lee1, James T. Liu1*, I‑Huan Lee1, Ke‑Hsien Fu1,2, Rick J. Yang1, Wenping Gong3 & Jianping Gan4 Fundamentally, river plume dynamics are controlled by the buoyancy due to river efuent and mixing induced by local forcing such as winds and tides. Rarely the infuence of far‑feld internal waves on the river plume dynamics is documented. Our 5‑day fx‑point measurements and underway acoustic profling identifed hydrodynamic processes on the dispersal pathway of the Pearl River plume. The river plume dispersal was driven by the SW monsoon winds that induced the intrusion of cold water near the bottom. The river efuent occupied the surface water, creating strong stratifcation and showing on‑ofshore variability due to tidal fuctuations. However, intermittent disruptions weakened stratifcation due to wind mixing and perturbations by nonlinear internal waves (NIWs) from the northern South China Sea (NSCS). During events of NIW encounter, signifcant drawdowns of the river plume up to 20 m occurred. The EOF deciphers and ranks the contributions of abovementioned processes: (1) the stratifcation/mixing coupled by wind‑driven plume water and NIWs disruptions (81.7%); (2) the variation caused by tidal modulation (6.9%); and (3) the cold water intrusion induced by summer monsoon winds (5.1%). Our fndings further improve the understanding of the Pearl River plume dynamics infuenced by the NIWs from the NSCS. Significant physical and biogeochemical effects caused by internal waves (IWs) have been ubiquitously recognized1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Winds and Waves on Salt Intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary
    Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2017-73 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 5 September 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. Effect of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary Wenping Gong1,2, Zhongyuan Lin1,2,Yunzhen Chen1,2, Zhaoyun Chen1,2, Heng Zhang1,2,3 1School of Marine Science, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China 5 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China 3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China Correspondence to: Heng Zhang ([email protected]) 10 Abstract. Salt intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is a dynamic process that is influenced by a range of factors and to date, few studies have examined the effects of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the PRE. We investigate these effects using the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system applied to the PRE. After careful validation, the model is used for a series of diagnostic simulations. It is revealed that the local wind considerably strengthens the salt intrusion by lowering the water level in the eastern part of the estuary and increasing the bottom 15 landward flow. The remote wind increases the water mixing on the continental shelf, elevates the water level on the shelf and in the PRE, and pumps saltier shelf water into the estuary by Ekman transport. Enhancement of the salt intrusion is comparable between the remote and local winds.
    [Show full text]
  • Laurentian Great Lakes, Interaction of Coastal and Offshore Waters Introduction
    1Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series IEncyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs ISpringer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 110.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_264 ILars Bengtsson, Reginald W. Herschyand Rhodes W. Fairbridge Laurentian Great Lakes, Interaction of Coastal and Offshore Waters 1 21S3 Yerubandi R. Rao IS3 and David J. Schwab (1) Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Canada Center for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, Canada (2) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA IS::l Yerubandi R. Rao (Corresponding author) Email: [email protected] [;] David J. Schwab Email: [email protected] Without Abstract Introduction The Laurentian Great Lakes represent an extensive, interconnected aquatic system dominated by its coastal nature. While the lakes are large enough to be significantly influenced by the earth's rotation, they are at the same time closed basins to be strongly influenced by coastal processes (Csanady, 1984). Nowhere is an understanding of how physical, geological, chemical, and biological processes interact in a coastal system more important to a body of water than the Great Lakes. Several factors combine to create complex hydrodynamics in coastal systems, and the associated physical transport and dispersal processes of the resulting coastal flow field are equally complex. Physical transport processes are often the dominant factor in mediating geochemical and biological processes in the coastal environment. Thus, it is critically important to have a thorough understanding of the coastal physical processes responsible for the distribution of chemical and biological species in this zone. However, the coastal regions are not isolated but are coupled with mid-lake waters by exchanges involving transport of materials, momentum, and energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Waves on Coastal Water Dispersion in a Small Estuarine Bay M
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: OCEANS, VOL. 119, 1–17, doi:10.1002/2013JC009466, 2014 Effects of waves on coastal water dispersion in a small estuarine bay M. T. Delpey,1 F. Ardhuin,2 P. Otheguy,1 and A. Jouon1 Received 27 September 2013; revised 2 December 2013; accepted 9 December 2013. [1] A three-dimensional wave-current model is used to investigate wave-induced circulations in a small estuarine bay and its impact on freshwater exchanges with the inner shelf, related to stratified river plume dispersion. Modeled salinity fields exhibit a lower salinity surface layer due to river outflows, with typical depth of 1 m inside the bay. The asymmetric wave forcing on the bay circulation, related to the local bathymetry, significantly impacts the river plumes. It is found that the transport initiated in the surf zone by the longshore current can oppose and thus reduce the primary outflow of freshwater through the bay inlets. Using the model to examine a high river runoff event occurring during a high-energy wave episode, waves are found to induce a 24 h delay in freshwater evacuation. At the end of the runoff event, waves have reduced the freshwater flux to the ocean by a factor 5, and the total freshwater volume inside the bay is increased by 40%. According to the model, and for this event, the effect of the surf zone current on the bay flushing is larger than that of the wind. The freshwater balance is sensitive to incident wave conditions. Maximum freshwater retention is found for intermediate offshore wave heights 1m< Hs < 2 m.
    [Show full text]