Remedial Teaching Module English

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REMEDIAL TEACHING MODULE ENGLISH

11TH STANDARD 2019 - 2020

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ERODE DISTRICT TAMIL NADU

A NOTE OF GRATITUDE

Our sincere thanks to Mr. R. Balamurali M.A., B.Ed., (Chief Educational Officer, Erode.)

For his magnanimous consent and support to bring out this resource book.

Team members 1. Mrs. A. Kavitha, PG Teacher (English), Mpl. Girls Hr. Sec. School, Karungalpalayam, Erode.

2. Mr. M. Elango, PG Teacher (English), MPDGHSS, Thingalur, Erode.

3. Mrs. S. Geetha, PG Teacher (English), Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School, Manickampalayam, Erode.

4. Mrs. M. Kavitha, PG Teacher (English), Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School, Veerappanchathiram, Erode.

5. Dr. S. Sridevi, PG Teacher (English), Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School, Anthiyur, Gobi Edn. Dt.

Our Heartfelt thanks to Mr. K. Ravikumar, Headmaster, Municipal Boys Hr. Sec. School, Gobi.

Dr. R. Arunachalam, Headmaster, GHSS, A. Pudhupalayam, Gobi Edn. Dt.

For their valuable guidance and expertise to give the cutting edge to this work. QUESTION PAPER CONTENTS PART - I Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE NO PAGE NO Synonyms 4, 5, 38, 70, 108, 1 142, 170 Antonyms 6, 38, 74 1 Compound words 6 2 Clipped Words 72 2 Right Definition of a term 73, 101, 145 3 Prefixes and Suffixes 7, 39 4 1 Abbreviation and Acronyms 39 5 Prepositions 44 - 47 5 to Idioms 40, 111, 112, 173 7 Relative Pronoun - 8 20 Question Tag 120 8 Foreign Words 172 9 Phrasal Verbs 112 9 Syllabification - 10 Sentence Pattern - 10 Articles and determiners 10, 11 - Modal Auxiliaries 43, 44 39

PART - II Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE PAGE NO NO 21 - 26 Poem Appreciation (Any 4 out of 6) - 11 Any 3 out of 4 Inversion – If / - 15 27 - 30 Conditional Clause ”If” and “Unless” 116, 117 15 Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences 175, 176 16 Active- Passive Voice 78, 79 17 Direct and Indirect Speech 148, 149 -

PART – III Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE PAGE NO NO 31 - 33 ERC (POEM) (Any 2 out of 3) - 18 34 - 36 Prose Questions (Any 2 out of 3) - 20 Any 3 out of 4 37 Verbal and Non Verbal Comprehension 122, 114, 115 23 Expansion of News headlines 78 23 to Completion of proverbs / Match with meanings 176 24 Completion of the dialogue 74, 75, 124, 25 40 125 Describing a process 79 25 Notice Writing 17 26 Article Writing 51, 52 - E mail Writing 151, 152 27 Framing Questions 118 -

PART – IV Q. NO TOPICS BOOK PAGE PAGE NO NO Answer all the questions. (Either… or choice) Prose Paragraph questions - 27 Poem Paragraph Questions - 28 Supplementary Paragraph Questions - 29 41 Note-Making/ Summarizing 48, 49 29 Letter Writing 5, 89, 153-155, 31 to 196 Semantic Fields 144 - 47 Spot the errors 80, 81 35 Model Auxiliaries , Tense, Homophones 38 General Prose Comprehension 41, 42, 52, 96, 41 114, 115, 146, 147, 174-175 General Poem Comprehension 25, 57, 89, 131, 42 159, 189 Construction Of Dialogues 74, 75, 124, - 125 Expansion Of Proverb 176 - Biographical Sketch From the given Information 81, 82 - Report Writing 83, 84 -

PART – I 33. Beckoned. - called VOCABULARY (20 MARKS) 34. Perils. - dangers Synonyms 35. Endowed. - gifted 1. Absurd - illogical 36. Inherent. - inborn 2. Fables - stories 37. Doleful. - sorrowful 3. Hobbled - walk unsteadily 38. Extravagantly - excessively 4. Snapped - broke /cut 39. Suave. - polite/sophisticated 5. Seclusion - isolation 40. Venerable - valued 6. Bedlam - noisy confusion 41. Cosy - comfortable 7. perched - sat / rested Question Model - Synonyms 8. rebukes - scolding Choose the correct Synonym for the under lined 9. dilapidated - damaged word from the options given. 10. pallor - pale appearance We have to recall the struggles of the past and 11. princely - very large realize the perils and possibilities. 12. appetite - hunger (a)dangers (b)hurdles(c)difficulties(d)safety 13. Vicinity - neighborhood Antonyms 14. Swagger - walk in confident way 1. Monotonous. × interesting 15. adulation - appreciation 2. Seclusion. × crowded 16. Lauded - appreciated 3. Dilapidated. × undamaged 17. Sate - satisfy 4. Moist. × arid 18. Etched - imprinted 5. Frivolous. × serious 19. speculation - guess 6. Serenity. × anxiety 20. Antipathy - strong dislike 7. Habitual × irregular 21. Prosaic - dull 8. Intricate × simple 22. Indignant - very angry 9. Princely × meager 23. reluctant - unwilling 10. Amateur × professional 24. mediocre - not very good ordinary 11. Compulsory × optional 25. audacious - bold and daring 12. Traditional × modern 26. quivering - trembling/shivering 13. Astuteness × stupidity 27. vexation - irritation / annoyance 14. Reluctant × eager 28. smothered - suppressed 15. Prosaic × exciting 29. Rectitude. - honesty 16. Mediocre × extraordinary 30. indelible - cannot be rubbed 17. Audacious. × cowardly out or removed 18. Indignant. × calm 31. guile - cunning / deceit 19. Dreadful. × good 32. Drooping. - bending

1 20. Blurred. × clear 17. examination – exam 21. Nonchalantly × interestingly 18. demarcate – mark 22. Grave. × frivolous 19. perambulator – pram 23. Ruggedness. × weakness Question Model–Clipped word 24. Perils. × safety Choose the Clipped word for ‘Influenza’ 25. Replenish. × deplete (a) influ (b) flu (c) fluenza (d) fluen 26. Inheritors. × Predecessors

27. Doleful. × joyful Compound Words (page no 6) 28. Extravagantly × frugally 1. Sing song 29. Suave × impolite/unsophisticated 2. Over straining 30. Venerable. × worthless 3. Gentle folk 31. Cosy. × uncomfortable 4. Grand mother 32. Absurd. × logical 5. Court yard 6. Sun set Question Model– Antonyms 7. Half-hour Choose the correct antonym for the under lined 8. Home coming word from the options given. 9. Mantel piece “Don’t look so doleful, girls”. 10. Eye lashes (a) peaceful (b)joyful (c) doubtful (d) powerful 11. Water proof

12. Bee hive Clipped words. (page no 72) 13. Toll gate 1. Chimpanzee - chimp. 14. Door knob 2. Photograph - Photo. 15. Spinning wheel 3. Microphone - Mike. 16. Spot less 4. Cafeteria - Café. 5. Gasoline - Gas. 6. Helicopter - Copter. 7. Telephone - Phone. 8. University - Varsity. 9. Memorandum - Memo. 10. Influenza - Flu. 11. Hippopotamus - Hippo. 12. Bridegroom - Groom. 13. Fanatic - Fan. 14. Demonstration - Demo. 15. Refrigerator - Fridge. 16. Aeroplane - plane

Find out the word that cannot be placed after the given word in each set : 1. Snow – fall/ white /clad/ cool 9. Sun - dial/bath/shine/hot 2. Mind - map/set/game/fresh 10. Sweet - talk/smelling /heart/news 3. Life - guard/long/joy/style 11. Up - load/coming /stairs /rise 4. Show - time/case/full/room 12. Home - bound/coming /sick/love 5. Over - throw/whelming/up/flow 13. Dress - circle /code/rehearsal /maker 6. Slow - motion /down /up/show 14. Door - step/lock/knob/knock 7. Flower - bed/girl /box/soft 15. Long - run/awaited/term /leave 8. Red - thick/alert/hot/carpet

Model Question – Compound Word Choose the words from the options given below to form a compound word with ‘mantle’ (a) knob (b) piece (c) proof (d) hive

Definition of a term:

Professions with relevant job descriptions (Page No: 73)

1. Pathologist studies diseases . 2. Ornithologist studies birds . 3. Entomologist studies insects. 4. Archaeologist studies artifacts and physical remains. 5. Sociologist studies functioning of human society . 6. Geologist studies the matter that constitutes the earth . 7. Linguist studies languages and their structure. 8. Seismologist studies earthquake. 9. Herpetologist studies reptiles and amphibians. 10. Meteorologist studies atmosphere, weather and climate . 11. Psychologists One who studies the human mind and behavior

Term definitions:

1. Bibliophile a great lover of books and has a huge collection at home . 2. Teetotaler one who never consumes alcohol , coffee, tea, milk 3. Optimist one who has positive attitude 4. Philanthropist One who donates for social causes 5. Globetrotter one who travels widely 6. Ambidextrous ability to use both hands 7. Misanthrope one who hates or mistrust mankind 8. Polyglot well versed and fluent in multiple languages . 9. Na nogenarian one who is between 90 and 99 year old 10. Thespian an actor or actress 11. Sadist one who derives pleasure from inflicting pain on others .

Words ending in –ology:

1. Ecology The study of relationship between using organism and their environmen t 2. Technology the scientific knowledge and / or equipment that is needed or a particular industry, etc. 3. Pathology the scientific study of disease 4. Cynology the study of dog training ; 5. Ichthyology the study of fish;

6. Ornithology the study of birds 7. Oology the study of birds' eggs .

List of specialist (Page No: 101)

1. One who specializes in lung problems Pulmonologist 2. One who specializes in skin problems Dermatologist 3. One who treats diseases specific to women Gynecologist 4. One who treats kidney diseases Nephrologist 5. One who treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system Neurologist 6. One who treats stomach disorders Gastroenterologist 7. One who treats vision problems Ophthalmologist 8. One who specializes in critical infants Neonatologist 9. One who treats heart problems Cardiologist 10. One who treats the problems of ear, nose, tongue Otolaryngologist

-ism words (Page No: 145)

1. Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it. Patriotism 2. A brutal, barbarous, savage act . Barbarism 3. The doctrine that your country‘s interests are superior. Nationalism 4. Participate in sports as a hobby rather than for money Amateurism 5. Belief that the best possible concepts should be pursued. Idealism 6. A serious examination and judgment of something. Criticism 7. Habitual failure to be present at work. Absenteeism 8. A doctrine that advocates equal rights for women . Feminism 9. Concern for your own interests and welfare. Egocentrism 10. Exceptional courage when facing danger. Heroism 11. The hopeful feeling that all is going to turn out well Optimism

Question Model –Definition of the term. Choose the right definition for the given term bibliomania . (a)craze for gold (b) craze for books (c) craze for food (d) craze for sleep

Prefixes and suffixes (Derivatives) (Page No: 7 & 39)

Word Prefixes Suffixes Tidily un tidily Tidi ness Audible in audible audib ly Honest dis honest Hones ty Fortunate Un fortunate Fortunate ly Respect Di srespect Respect able Rational Ir rational Rational ly Direct In direct Direc tion , Direct ly Comfort Dis comfort Comfort able Regular Ir regular Regular ly, Regulari ty Active In active Activ ity Agree Dis agree Agree ment, Agree able Obedient Dis obedient obedient ly Continue Dis continue Continuous ly Decent In decent Decent ly Legitimate Il legitimate Legitimate ly , Legitima cy

Relevant Ir relevant relevant ly Aware Un aware aware ness Finite in finite Finite ly , finite ness Necessary Un necessary Necessari ly Manage mis manage Manag er , manage ment , manage able Differ In different Different, different ly Beauty Beauti ful , beaute ous , beautiful ness , beautiful ly Peace Peace ful , peaceful ness Arrange re arrange Arrange ment Collect Re collect Collec tion , collect or Approve Dis approve Approv al , approv er Narrate Narrat or , narra tion Class Class ify , classifica tion

Model Question – Prefix Add a suitable prefix to the root word “arrange” (a) ir (b) di (c) re (d) mis

Abbreviations (Page No: 39)

1. IELTS - International English Language Testing System. 2. GST - Goods and Service Tax 3. TNPSC – Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission 4. STD – Subscriber Trunk Dialing. 5. ISD – International Subscriber Dialing. 6. MBA - Master of Business Administration 7. MHRD - Ministry of Human Resources Development 8. GPS – Global Positioning System 9. NSS - National Service Scheme 10. PTA - Parent Teacher Association 11. NGO - Non Governmental Organisation 12. ICU - Intensive Care Unit 13. IIM – Indian Institute of Management 14. MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging 15. ECG – Electro Cardio Gram 16. NCC – National Cadet Corps 17. LED - Light Emitting Diode 18. CPU – Central Processing Unit 19. CBSE – Central Board of Secondary Education 20. GDP – Gross Domestic Product

21. LCD – Liquid Crystal Display 22. NRI – Non Resident Indian 23. IIT – Indian Institute of Technology 24. ITI – Industrial Training Institute 25. RSC – Referee Stopped Contest 26. USA – United States of America 27. AIBA – Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur 29. USB - Universal Serial Bus Model Question – Abbreviations Select the correct expansion of GST . (a) Goods and Services Tax (b) Goods and Sales Tax (c) Gold and Sales Tax (d) Goods and Security Tax

Prepositions (Page No: 45)

Preposition Usage of Time In Used before months, years, decades, Centuries and long periods of time. On Used before day and date At Used before definite point of time Since Refers an event in a particular point of time Eg: I have been playing since 3’o clock. For Refers an event in a duration of time Eg: I have been playing for 4 years.

Preposition of place (used to show where something is located) : in, at, on, next, below, under, above, over, across, through, to, into, towards, onto, from, etc.,

Preposition Usage of place In Used for enclosed space, countries and large towns On Used for things at rest on surface. At Used for particular position, small town/village/ an area or colony in larger city. Between Used with two persons or things Among Used with more than two persons or things Over Used to mention something above in movement Above Higher than something when not in movements Below Mention lower than something Under Beneath Behind Mention the position at the back of something

Words followed by preposition : Famous for Fond of Abstain from Associated with Ambition for Consists of Objection to Popular with Fondness for Afraid of Indifferent to Infested with Compensation for Confident of Contrary to Acquaintance with Want of Sensitive to Delighted with Deficient in Cautions of Addicted to Busy with

1. In case of difficulty, you should refer to a dictionary and then respond to the question. 2. The clothes that he has put on are very impressive. He is going to his hometown to pay homage to the village head. 3. The nearest hospital to this place is at a distance of twenty kilometers. You can reach it either by car or by a bicycle.

Prepositions (Page No: 46)

1. We fought against the measure. 11. Subash is the president of our class. 2. The cat jumped onto the table. 12. We live by the river. 3. The cat climbed up the tree. 13. Let’s walk into class together. 4. My story is shorter than yours. 14. The bank is opposite the park. 5. Cats are unlike dogs. 15. We live within the city limits. 6. Put the cookie in the jar. 16. I saw John waving above the crowd. 7. Let’s walk through the park. 17. I’m more cautious since the fall. 8. The vegetables were planted beside the apple tree. 18. I have a present for you. 9. Banu sings like a bird. 19. We strolled along the river. 10. My story is about my pets. 20. He ran between us. 21. The leaves had been collected beneath the trees. 33. The cat jumped over the dog. 22. I put the book upon the table. 34. He is hiding behind the book case. 23. Please treat us as equals. 35. Dinner is on the table. 24. Dessert will be served after dinner. 36. I put my hands inside my pockets. 25. My house is near the school. 37. We will eat before the play. 26. We walked to the store. 38. The cat is sleeping under the bed. 27. No eating during class. 39. This letter is from my aunt. 28. The book fell off my desk. 40. We ran past the other kids. 29. I will not leave until the speech is finished. 41. The English language is vital in the 30. The store is open everyday but Sunday. medical field. 31. The dog is outside the house. 42. He climbed up the stairs to get into the 32. The cat is hiding below my bed. terrace.

Model Question – Preposition Fill in the blanks with the suitable preposition. The cat is sleeping ______the bed. (a) under (b) below (c) over (d)through

Idioms (Page No: 40,111, 112,173)

1. Throw in the towel - to give up 2. In our corner - on your side in an argument or dispute 3. On the ropes - near collapse or defeat 4. below the belt - unfair or an unsporting behavior 5. square off - prepare for a conflict 6. Tight corners - difficult situation 7. Shot his bolt - exhaust one's energy or strength 8. In a nice pickle - to be in a tight spot 9. Have cold feet - become nervous and afraid 10. Alarm bells ringing - sign of something wrong 11. Back to the wall - in serious difficulty 12. Grasp /Clutch at straws - try any method to overcome a crisis 13. Saved by the bell - help at the last moment from a difficult situation 14. Hang out to dry - abandoning one in difficulty 15. By the skin of teeth - a narrow escape

16. Right up one’s alley - appeals to one strongly 17. Drive one up the wall - grew irritated 18. Hit the road - began the journey 19. Take one for a ride - deceive one 20. In panic mode - became confused or afraid

Model Question – Idioms Choose the meaning of the idiom “take for a ride” (a) a trust (b) to ride (c) to cheat (d) to believe

Relative Pronoun:

Tips: 1. Who=> ______f;F Kd;G caHjpiz (kdpjh;fs;) te;J > ______f;F gpd ; verb te;jhy ; who NghlTk;. I saw a boy who was clever 2. Which / that => _____ f;F Kd;G m 0wpiz (nghUl;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;;) te;jhy ; which, that NghlTk;. I heard a song which / that pleased me 3. Whose=> _____ f;F Kd;G caHjpizAk; _____ f;F gpd;G xU noun te;jhy ; whose NghlTk;. I met my friend whose father was an MLA. 4. Whom=> _____ f;F Kd;G caHjpiz (kdpjh;fs;) te;jhy; _____ f;F gpd;G xU pronoun te;jhy ; whom NghlTk;. This is the girl whom I met yesterday. 5. Where=> _____ f;F Kd;G xU place / building te;jhy ; where NghlTk;. That is the temple where I met the old man.

Question Tag (Page No:121)

● Tag begins with auxiliary verb followed by pronoun . ● Positive statement => negative tag ● Negative statement => positive tag

(Negative meaning words - barely, badly, ever, few, no one, nobody, hardly, no, none, nothing, neither, never, rarely, seldom )

If no auxiliary verb – Use a form of do/does/did in the question tag.

Eg: They sang a song, didn’t they? Exception : I am late, Aren’t I? Let’s go, Shall we? (Imperative Sentence)Open the door, will you?

I have a car ……… ? have, has main verb Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ It has four colours ………? do/does Q. Tag y; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

1. You are a student, aren’t you? 2. Aji is not a lawyer, is she? 3. Lawrence saw the snake, didn’t he? 4. Jordi attends the class regularly, doesn’t he? 5. Madhav doesn’t speak Telugu, does he? 6. Cities are increasingly becoming urbanised, aren’t they? 7. They experiment with ways to improve air quality, don’t they? 8. The aim should be to reduce congestion, shouldn't it? 9. There is an urgent need to provide affordable energy, isn’t there?

10. Automation and shared mobility will play a key role in this transformation, won’t they? 11. It changes the way people commute in cities, doesn’t it? 12. Before long, a fleet of electric autonomous vehicles could drive people to their destination, couldn't it? 13. These shared AVs will run at higher utilization rates, won’t they? 14. They can reduce the cost of mobility and congestion, can’t they? 15. These should not be thought of as luxury but as necessity, should they?

Model Question – Question Tag Choose suitable question tag for the following statement. Aji is not a lawyer. (a) is she? (b) isn’t she (c) Doesn’t she? (d) will you?

Foreign words (Page No:172) 1. Viva voce - a spoken examination 2. Sine die - without a date being fixed 3. Resume - a brief summary. 4. Rapport - close relationship with good understanding. 5. Bonafide - genuine 6. Bon voyage - good journey. 7. In toto - completely. 8. Liaison - one who co-ordinates all activities. 9. Ex gratia - payment given out of sympathy/as a gift 10. En masse - all together, as a group. 11. En route - On the way. 12. Ad hoc - temporary rules. 13. Faux pas - mistake /blunder in social situation. 14. Verandha - a roofed platform along the outside of a house 15. Bungalow - a house in the Bengal style 16. Chutney - a ground or mashed relish 17. Cheetah - uniquely marked 18. Coir - rope 19. Bamboo - wood 20. Bandicoot - kind of rat 21. Catamaran - multi-hulled watercraft 22. Guru - master

Model Question – Foreign word Choose the meaning of the foreign word underlined in the sentence. Nalini is a bonafide student of the Madras university (a) confident (b) punctual (c) brilliant (d) genuine

Phrasal Verb (Page No: 112) 1. Stand up - be held as 2. Stand for - represent 3. Stand by - support 4. Look into - examine 5. Look at - observe / study 6. Look through - understand 7. Run over - exceed time/ cross by running/ drive over/rehearse quickly /over flow 8. Run away - escape 9. Run into - met by chance 10. Put on - wear

11. Put up - hang/present/hang, mount/store away/ present/place in high position 12. Put off - postpone

Model Question – Phrasal V erb Replace the underlined word with a phrasal verb. (or) Substitute the phrasal verb in the sentence with a single word. Never put off until tomorrow what you can today. (a) continue (b) halt (c) finish (d) postpone

Syllabification: ● A vowel sounded alone in a word, it forms a separate syllable. ● ‘e’ is a silent vowel- not separated as syllable when it is at the end of the word. ● Two vowels together in a word –sounded separately –divide it. Eg: i-de-a, po-em ● Two vowels together in a word- sounded together-don’t divide. Eg: pur-sui t ● One vowel sound- don’t divide the vowels – Eg: b eau ty ● -ture, -tion, -ble, ly, al are considered as single syllable – Eg: Ex-a-mi-na-tion 1. One syllable words [Mono syllable] : queue, run, speak, town, go, come, swim, 2. Two syllable words: [Disyllabic] : don-key, de-tect, daugh-ter, 3. Three syllable words: [Tri syllabic] : fa-na-tic, in-ter-val, pro-per-ly 4. Four syllable words:[Tetra syllabic] : ag-ri-cul-ture, ap-pli-ca-tion 5. Five syllable: [Penta syllabic] : dis-a-bi-li-ty, e-lec-tri-ci-ty

Model Question – Syllabification Choose the correct tri-syllabic word. a. divide b. first c. logical d. reject

Sentence pattern : Subject - Head of the sentence (nouns& Pronoun) Verb - action word(verbs) Complement - After ‘be’ verbs (am, is, are, was, were) and the intransitive verbs(become, turn, appear, grow) Eg: The rose is beautiful. She became a nurse. Object - It answers the question ’whom’ (I.O)and ‘what’(D.O) Eg: He met his friend. Whom did he meet?- His friend.(object) Eg: My father told me a story. – SVIOD Adjunct - It answers the questions with ‘how’, ‘where’, ‘when’ Eg: They ran fast. - SVA He went there yesterday. –SVAA Other patterns: - 1. He called him fool - SVOC 2. They elected him captain yesterday. - SVOCA

Model Question – Sentence pattern Identify the pattern of a given sentence: They shout rudely. a) SVC b)SVA c) SV d) SVO

PART–II (21-30)–POETRY AND GRAMMAR (TRANSFORMATION) -(7X2=14 MARKS) POETRY- (APPRECIATION/ FIGURES OF SPEECH) 4q’s X 2m=8 marks

1- ONCE UPON A TIME - Gabriel Okara

I. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow. i. ‘But now they only laugh with their teeth, While their ice-block-coldcold eyes…’ a. Who are ‘they’? Modern people/ people b. Explain: Ice-block- cold eyes ? Eyes lacking warmth c. Identify the figure of speech used here. Metaphor ii . ‘Most of all, I want to relearn How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!’ a. Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh? To show real feelings b. Whom does the poet want to relearn from? His son c. Mention the figure of speech used here. Simile

POEM - 2 - CONFESSIONS OF A BORN SPECTATOR – Ogden Nash

I. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow (i) With all my heart I do admire Athletes who sweat for fun or hire a. Whom does the poet admire? Ans: The athletes b. For what reasons do the athletes sweat? Ans: For fun and money (ii) Well, ego it might be pleased enough But zealous athletes play so rough… a. What pleases the ego? Ans: Exchange of places with players b. Why are athletes often ro ugh during play? Ans: Because everyone wants to win /Because they are zealous (iii) When officialdom demands Is there a doctor in the stands? a. Why are doctors called from stands by the sponsors? Ans: when players get injured b. Why does the po et make such an observation? Ans: Because injured must be treated immediately (iv) When snaps the knee and cracks the wrist…. Identify and explain the use of the literary device in this line. - Ans: Onomatopoeia

II. Underline the alliterated words in the following lines. a. For this most modest physiques… Ans: modest, most

b. They do not ever in their dealings… Ans: do, dealings

III. Find out the rhyme scheme of the given stanza. One infant grows up and becomes a jocke y Another plays basketball or h ockey This one the prize ring hates to ente r That one becomes a tackle or cente r… Answer: aabb

POEM -3- LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING – William Wordsworth

I. Read the lines given below and a nswer the questions that follow : (i) And ‘tis my faith that e very flower Enjoys the air it breathes… (a) What is the poet’s faith? Ans: Flower enjoys air they breathe. (b) What trait of Nature do we see here? Ans: Its fair work. (ii) And I must think, do all I can, That there was pleasure there… (a) What did the poet notice about the twigs? Ans: They expand to catch breezy air. (b) What was the poet’s thought about then? Ans: Nature is happy . (iii ) If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be NatNature’sure’s holy plan. (a) What does ‘heaven’ refer to? Ans: Plac e of God. (b) Why does the poet call it ‘holy’? Ans: It was created by God.

II. Read the following sets of lines and identify the figures of speech used in each extract : i. To her works did Nature link – Ans: Personification ii. The human soul that through me ran… - Ans: Personification iii. And ‘tis my faith that every flower… - Ans: Personification iv. What Man has made of Man? - Ans: Aphorism

III. Read the following lines. Identify the rhyme scheme and pick out the rhyming pairs of words : Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower, The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths; And ‘tis my faith that every flower Enjoys the air it breathes. Ans: Rhyming words : bowe r, flowe r; wreathe s, breathe s Rhyming scheme : abab

Poem -4 - MACAVITY – THE MYSTERY CAT – T.S. Eliot

I. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow : i. Macavity’s a Mystery Cat: he’s called the Hidden Paw… a) Does the poet talk about a real cat? Ans: No b) Why is he called the Hidden Paw? Ans: Master criminal

ii. He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad’s despair: For when they reach the scene of crime — Macavity’s not there!.. a) What is ‘Scotland Yard’? Ans: Head quarters of London Metropolitan Police Service b) Why does the flying squad feel disappointed? Ans: Because Macavity is not there. iii. He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake; And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake… a) Explain the comparison made here. Ans: Macavity sways his head from side to side like snake. b) What does he pretend to do? Ans: He pretends to be asleep. iv. For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity. a) How is the cat described in this line? Ans: Like a devil in the shape of cat b) Explain the phrase ‘monster of depravity’. Ans: Giant of moral corruption v. And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s. a) What seems to be a challenge for the Scotland Yard? Ans: Getting the foot prints of Macavity. b) Why do they need his footprints? Ans: As an evidence to arrest him. vi. ‘It must have been Macavity!’ but he’s a mile away. a) What is Macavity blamed for? Ans: Blamed for theft b) Where is he? Ans: He has gone miles away. vii. There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity. a) Which cat is being talked of here? Ans: Macavity b) How is he different from the rest? Ans: By the qualities such as Depravity, looting, deceitfulness and suavity

II. Identify the literary devices used in the following lines : a. He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake. – Ans : simile b. They say he cheats at cards. – Ans : personification

III. Give four instances where the poet has used alliteration in the poem : Macavity’s, mystery Scotland, squad broken, breaks head, highly

IV. Rhyme scheme used in the poem – AABB

Poem 5 - Everest is not the Only Peak – Kulothungan

I. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow : 1. Our nature it is that whatever we try We do with devotion deep and true. a. Who does ‘we’ refer to? Ans: Virtuous people b. How should we carry out our duties? Ans: with sincerity and hon esty

2. Defeat we repel, courage our fort; a. How do we react to defeat? Ans: react with force without moving back b. Which is considered as our stronghold? Ans: courage

3. We are proud of the position we hold; humble as we are, a. What is the speaker proud of? Ans : Their position in life. b. How is the speaker both humble and proud? Ans: It comes from the way he leads his life. c. Pick out the alliteration in these lines. Ans: proud, position

4. He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore. We bow before competence and merit; a. Who is adored as a king? Ans: One who is not corrupt and does not do things for momoney/ney/ one who does not stoop. b. What is the figure of speech used in the first line? Ans: Metaphor

5. Honour is a property, common to all: In dignity and pride no one need to be poor. a. Who are considered rich? Ans: People live with dignity b. What is their asset? Ans: Honour

Poem – 6 – The Hollow Crown – William Shakespeare

I. Read carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used in each of the following lines : i. “Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs; Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth’’. -Ans: Metaphor ii. “And yet not so – for what can we bequeath Save our deposed bodies to the ground?” – Ans: Interrogation iii. “Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits,…” – Ans: Personification iv. “How can you say to me, I am a king?” - Ans: Rhetorical v. “Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,…” – Ans : Personification vi. “Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!” – Ans : Personification

II. Pick out the alliteration from the following lines : i. “Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,…” - Ans: lands, lives ii. “And tell sad stories of the death of kings:”- Ans : sad, stories iii. “Comes at the last, and with a little pin…”- Ans: last, little

GRAMMAR (TRANSFORMATION) : 3 q’s x 2m = 6 marks

“IF” clause 1. Remove ‘If’ 2. Reverse : I had -> Had I ; you should -> Should you ; I were -> were I (i) Rewrite the sentences making an inversion in the conditional clause :

1. If I had known this earlier, I would have helped you. Ans .: Had I known this earlier, I would have helped you. 2. If you should need to meet me, you can call this number. Ans .: Should you need to meet me, you can call this number. 3. If you should be late once again, you would be taken to the Headmistress. Ans .: Should you be late once again, you would be taken to the Headmistress. 4. If I were you, I would accept the offer. Ans .: Were I you, I would accept the offer. 5. If they had joined us earlier, we would have got so much of fun. Ans .: Had they joined us earlier, we would have got so much of fun.

(ii) Rewrite the following sentences using “if ” without changing the meaning : Tips: If + not = Unless Verb - Negative form (If+ Don’t = unless Send - do not send If + doesn’t= unless Sends - does not send If+ didn’t =unless Sent - did not send If+ hadn’t=unless )

1. Sindhu would not have won the world championship, unless she had had single minded devotion. Ans: Sindhu would not have won the world championship , If she had not had single minded devotion. 2. You will not reach your goal, unless you chase your dream. Ans: You will not reach your goal, if you do not chase your dream. 3. Unless we plant more trees, we cannot save our planet. Ans: If we do not plant more trees, we cannot save our planet. 4. The rescue team would not have saved the victims unless they had received the call in time. Ans: The rescue team would not have saved the victims if they had not received the call in time. 5. The palace can not be kept clean, unless we appoint more people. Ans: The palace can not be kept clean , if we do not appoint more people. 6. The portraits would not have been so natural unless the artist has given his best. Ans: The portraits would not have been so natural if the artist has not given his best. 7. The manager would not have selected Nithiksha unless she exhibited good accounting skill. Ans: The manager would not have selected Nithiksha if she did not exhibit good accounting skill. 8. The policeman would not have arrested the man unless she had violated the rules. Ans: The policeman would not have arrested the man if she had not violated the rules.

9. Mr. Kunaal would not sponsor my higher education unless I studied well. Ans: Mr.Kunal would not sponsor my higher education if I did not study well. 10. Kavin will not stop flying kites unless he understands the risk involved in it. Ans: Kavin will not stop flying kites if he does not understand the risk involved in it. 11.Tanya would not know the answer unless she referred to the answer key. Ans: Tanya would not know the answer if she did not refer to the answer key. 12. My village cannot achieve 100% literacy rate, unless the elders of the village cooperate with the Education department. Ans: My village cannot achieve 100% literacy rate , if the elders of the village do not cooperate with the Education department.

Simple Compound and Complex Sentences (page no: 175-176) : Learn the table :

Complex Compound Simple Though/Although/ Even But/yet/still Inspite of/ Despite+ though/ Even if * P.Adj+Ving If and In case of +*P.Adj+Ving Unless Or/else/otherwise In case of not+* P.Adj+ving So…..…that I can’t Very……..and so I can’t Too…..to When and Being/V=ing As/Since/ As soon as And so Being/V=ing

Pronouns Possessive adj. I My We Our You your He His She Her It Its They Their

# Pronouns in compound and complex sentences should be changed into POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Change the following into a compound sentence :

1. Though Raju is weak, he walks fast. Ans .: Raju is weak but he walks fast. 2. If you run fast, you will win. Ans . : Run fast and you will win. 3. Unless you learn well, You will not score. Ans .: Learn well otherwise you will not score. 4. The word is so difficult that I cannot pronounce it. Ans .: The word is very difficult and so I cannot pronounce it. 5. As you performed well, you were appreciated. Ans .: You performed well and so you were appreciated.

Change the following into simple sentences :

1. I studied well but I did not pass. Inspite of my studying well, I did not pass. 2. If you run three kilometres a day, you will reduce your weight. In case of your running three kilometres a day, you will reduce the weight.

3. The Jamoon is so sweet that I cannot eat more than two. The Jamoon is too sweet to eat more than two. 4.Karim saw the snake and he ran away. Seeing the snake, Karim ran away. 5.She sang that song beautifully and so she won the first prize in the concert. Singing that song beautifully, she won the first prize in the concert.

Textual Ex. (Page No:176) 1. a. Do as directed.

1. Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at the bus stop. They went to the bus stop. (Change into a compound sentence) Ans: Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at the bus stop so they went to the bus stop. 2. Varsha reached the railway station. She was waiting for them there. (Change into a compound sentence) Ans : Varsha reached the railway station and she was waiting for them there. 3. While she waited at the train station, Varsha realized that the train was late. (change into a simple sentence) Ans: While Varsha was waiting at the train station she realized that the train was late. 4. Dinesh and Prabhu left the bus stop. Varsha rang them. (change into a complex sentence) Ans: When Dinesh and Prabhu left the bus stop Varsha rang them. 5. The trio met at the station. Varsha left for Madurai. (change into a complex sentence) Ans: After the trio met at the station Varsha left for Madurai.

Active Voice/ Passive Voice :

Three changes should be made, i) tense 2) sub.(by) and obj. 3) pronouns

Tense changes : Active Passive 1. [Send/Sends] - am/is /are +sent(p.p) 2. sent - was/were+sent(p.p ) 3. will send - will be+ sent(p.p) 4. am/is/are+ sending - am/is/are+being+ sent(p.p) 5. was/were+ sending - was/were+being+ sent(p.p) 6. have/has sent - Have been /has been + sent (p.p) 7. had sent - had been sent(p.p) 8. will have sent - will have been

Pronouns :

Subject Object I Me We Us You You He Him She Her It It They Them

Book Exercises : Change the voice of the following sentences : (Pg. No:78)

1. The pilot flew the airplane to Bengaluru. The airplane was flown to Bengaluru by the pilot. 2. The bananas were eaten by the monkey. The monkeys ate the bananas. 3. Mohammed follows the rules. The rules are followed by Mohammed. 4. Mohan has completed the course. The course has been completed by Mohan. 5. Magdalene is singing the prayer. The prayer is being sung by Magdalene. 6. Who wrote this complaint? By whom was this complaint written? 7. May God bless you with happiness! May you be blessed with happiness. 8. A house is being constructed by them. They are constructing a house. 9. Let the door not be slammed. Don’t slam the door. 10. The team was trained by the coach. The coach trained the team. 11. The Govt awarded Tagore the Noble prize. Tagore was awarded with Noble prize by the Govt. 12. The Indian Government established IIM Ahmedabad in 1961. IIM Ahmedabad was established in 1961 by the Indian Government. 13. The Central Government formed Chhattisgarh in 2000. Chhattisgarh was formed in 2000. 14. Indian Railways inaugurated the first passenger train in 1853. The first passenger train was inaugurated in India in 1853. 15. They set up Indian Airlines in 1953. Indian Airlines was set up in 1953.

PART – III (7q’s x 3m = 21 marks) i) 31 – 33- poem ERC (2 out of 3): 2q’s x 3m = 6marks

Poem – 1 Explain the following with Reference to the Context in about 50-60 words.

Clue words: *laugh with eyes *no thrice *wear face…like dress *I used to be. i. Once upon a time, son They used to laugh with their eyes: ii. There will be no thrice. iii. I have learned to wear my faces Like dresses … iv. I want to be what I used to be.

Poem : Once Upon a Time Poet : Gabriel Okara

Explanation The poet talks to his son about people in his childhood. The father is ready to give up his fake qualities and relearn the genuine qualities.

Poem – 2

Clue words: glad as glad, their dealings, I’ll drink to you ,

(i) I am just glad as glad can be That I am not them, that they are not me… (ii) They do not ever in their dealings Consider one another’s feelings… (iii) Athletes, I’ll drink to you , Or eat with you, Poem : Confessions of a Born Spectator Poet : Ogden Nash Explanation The poet talks about the spirit of the born spectator. The poet is the determined spectator. He feels shy to take part in games or sports.

Poem – 3

Clue words : *sweet mood *pleasant thoughts *hopped and played *reason to lament i. In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind. ii. The birds around me hopp’d and play’d, Their thoughts I cannot measure. iii. Have I not reason to lament What Man has made of Man? Poem : Lines written in Early Spring Poet : William Wordsworth Explanation The theme is ‘Enjoy and worship the Nature’. The poet had both pleasant and bitter thought. God created nature. Irresponsible act of men exploits nature. We should enjoy nature.

Poem – 4

Clue words : *levitation * half asleep *Scotland Yards *scrap of paper *has an alibi i. His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare ii. And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake iii. And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s iv. There may be a scrap of paper in the hall or on the stair But it’s useless to investigate… v. He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare

Poem : Macavity – The Mystery Cat Poet : T.S. Eliot Explanation Macavity is a master criminal. He appears to be immersed in his scheming always. Macavity is also known as “Hidden Paw”. He doesn’t leave even his foot prints as evidence in the scene of crime.

Poem – 6

Clue words : * Bolingbroke’s * hollow crown * Farewell king * I am a king? i. “Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s, And nothing can we call our own but death;” ii. “All murdered – for within the hollow crown That rounds the mortal temples of a king Keeps Death his court, …” iii. “Comes at the last, and with a little pin Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!” iv. “How can you say to me, I am a king?” Poem : The Hollow Crown Poet : William Shakespeare Explanation The king admits that everything belongs to Bolingbroke except death . Richard II is a deposed king. He is very sad. He thinks about the dead kings. Death is portrayed as a court Jester. King has power. But death is more powerful than king. ii) 34-34 – Prose short answer – 2q’s x 3 m = 6 marks

UNIT-1 The Portrait of a Lady

1. Describe the Grand father as seen in the portrait. Ans: The grandfather looked a hundred years old man with a big turban, loose fitting clothes and long beard. 2. Why was the author left with his grandmother in the village? Ans : The Author’s parents went to live in the city. 3. Where did the author study in his childhood? Ans: In a village school. 4. Why did the Grandmother accompany the author to School? Ans: The Grandmother used to sit inside the temple reading holy books/ saying prayers. 5. What made the dogs follow the grandmother after school hours? Ans: The dogs followed her to eat chapattis. 6. Why didn’t the grandmother feel sentimental when the author went aboard for the higher education? Ans: She was a strong minded old woman. 7. What was the happiest time of the day for Grandmother? Ans: Feeding sparrows in the afternoon.

UNIT-2 The Queen of Boxing

1. How did Mary Kom manage to get financial status? support for her trip to the USA? Ans: Her Father collected 2000 and two MP’S Donated 8000 rupees. 2. Why did Mary Kom think that she should not return empty handed? Ans: MaryKom did not want to disappoint people who supported her. 3. What was the first impression of America? Ans: Things were costly/expensive in America. 4. Why did she call herself lucky? Ans: She did not have any match that day. 5. According to Mary Kom what was the reason for losing in the finals? Ans: Loss of appetite, weight loss by 2 kg.

6. What made her feel confident about the competitive players? Ans: Mary Kom went on to reach finals while team mates lost one after the other. 7. What difficult she did experiences while eating Chinese food? Ans: Chopsticks were given to eat meals. 8. How was she felicitated on her return to India? Ans: She was given a warm welcome at the Airport. 9. What did she consider her great achievement? Why? Ans: Retaining her world title at New Delhi in 2006 was her great achievement. Because she was able to win at home.

UNIT-3 Forgetting

1. What does Lynd actually wonder at the efficiency of Human Memory? Ans: Lynd wonders at Human Memory. 2. Name a few things that a Person remembers easily? • Ans: Telephone Numbers • Addresses of friends • Names of Actors and actresses • Cricketers, Foot Ballers and Murderes. 3. How do psychologist interpret forget fullness? Ans: Because People wish to forget certain things. 4. What is the commonest type of forget fullness according to Lynd? Ans: Posting Letters. 5. What does the author mean when he says the letter in his pocket leads an unadventurous life? Ans: Lynd forgets to post the letter. It remains in his pocket for several days. 6. What are the articles the writer forget most often? Ans: Walking sticks, umbrellas. 7. Who are the citizens of Dream Land? Why? Ans: Sportsmen. 8. What is common about the Anglers and the Poets? Ans: They are absent minded people./Both are living in dreams. /They are citizens of dream land.

Unit-4 Tight Corners.

1. What is a tight corner? What happens, when one finds oneself in a tight corners? Ans: ’Tight Corner’ means a difficult situation people try to find their way out of that situation. 2. What is the difference between a physical and mental tight corner? Ans: Physical uncomfort and Mental Stress. 3. Why did the narrator visit Christie’s? Ans: The narrator’s friend forced him to enter Christie’s, an auction shop. 4. The narrator heard his own voice saying “and fifty” what does this suggest? Ans: The Narrator had interest in auction. 5. What was the narrator’s financial condition? Ans: The narrator had only 63 pounds in his account. 6. The Narrator could not pretend to have made a mistake in bidding. Why? Ans: The staff were unsympathetic. 7. What would have been the best way for the narrator to get himself out of the tight corner? Ans: Confessing his poverty. 8. Why did the narrator feel he could have welcomed a firing party? Ans: Because he had no money to pay for the painting he bid.

9. What was the bidder’s offer to the narrator? Ans: The bidder offered extra fifty guineas. 10. How did the narrator take advantage of the situation? Ans: The narrator demanded hundred guineas it was the profit for him.

Unit – 5 Convocation Address

1. Who does the speaker claim to represent? Ans: The speaker claims to represent the common man. 2. Why are universities necessary for a society? Ans: They give wisdom and service to society. 3. What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days? Ans: To adorn Royal Chambers. 4. In what ways have universities improved the society? Ans: produce talented individuals who are useful to society. 5. ‘Universities develop broad-mindedness. How does Dr. Radhakrishnan drive home this idea? Ans: Appreciate other’s points of view. Save Democracy. 6. What should the youngsters aim in life after their graduation? Ans: Youngsters should contribute to the society. 7. How can a graduate give back to his/her society? Ans. In terms of service and giving hope to the depressed.

UNIT-6 -The Accidental Tourist

1. Give a few instances of Bryson’s Confused acts? Ans: Routine activity is not easy for Bryson forgets things easily. 2. What were the contents of Bryson’s bag? Ans: News Paper cutting. Loose papers. Tobacco Magazine. Passport. Dollars and Films. 3. Describe the fluttery cascade of things tumbling from the bag? Ans: News Paper cuttings Tobacco, Magazines. Passport, Dollars. Films and Coins. 4. Why did the authors concern over tobacco shift to his fingers? Ans: His fingers were injured while Zip-pull. 5. What happened to Bryson when he leaned to tie his shoe lace ? Ans: He got knocked over.He was pinned on the floor in a crash position. 6. How did Bryson free himself from the crash position? Ans: Bryson was unable to shout for help. He clawed the leg of the man sitting next to him. 7. What was Bryson’s worst accident on a plane? Ans: During, the conversation with a lady his mouth, chin, tongue, teeth and gums were stained with blue ink. 8. What did Bryson wish to avoid in his life? Ans: To be very careful in his travel and to avoid forget fullness. 9. How would staying away from liquid mischief benefit Bryson? Ans: Bryson saved laundry expenses staying away from liquid mischief. 10. Why did the clerk say that Bryson was not entitled to flyer miles? Ans: The ticket was in the name B-Bryson but name in the card was W.Bryson.

iii) 37 – 40. Any 3 out of 4 (3q’s x 3m = 9 marks) Data Interpretation (Non Verbal –Verbal form) (Page No: 52, 122, 114-115) TIPS : ● Least, minimum, lowest --- vdpy; kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l mstPLfs; ● Higher, maximum, most ------mjpfgl;r vz;zpf;if ● Difference --- ,uz;L tptuq;fspd; NtWghL ● How many --- vj;jid ● How much --- vt;tsT ● How long --- (time ) vt;tsT Neuk; ● How far --- (distance) vt;tsT J}uk; ● Where --- vq;Nf ● When --- vg;nghOJ ● How --- vg;gb ● Which --- vJ (understand the meaning of these words to answer the questions) Spends, true or false, income, first, expenditure and expenses, major, Same and equally, lowest, total, saving, last. NON VERBAL – SENTENCE WRITING : ● This pie chart / bar diagram / table is about ______. ● There are ______types of ______given in the pie chart / bar diagram / table . ● The pie chart / bar diagram / table gives clear data about______. ● Both ______and ______are equal.

Model Questions : THE PIE_CHART: 2018 TN Expenditure

Questions : 1. What the pie-chart is about? Ans: The pie-chart is about the 2018 TN State expenditure. 2. How much does the state spend on education? Ans :20% 3. Which one has the least expenditure? Ans : Entertainment 8% OR Write three sentences on your Inference about the data given. * The pie-chart is about 2018 TN Expenditure. *There are about six expenditures given in it. * The pie-chart gives clear data about 2018 TN Expenditure.

Headlines (Page No : 78) ⇨ First, mark the date and place of the incident. ⇨ Expand the abbreviations.

⇨ Can add prepositions at the end to expand the news. Eg: On – exact date or day. at – exact place or time in - place, year, moth and week. by – person, by whom the incident took place. ⇨ Number in words-> write in words. eg: 5 – five ⇨ verbs to + verb -> will + verb verb, verb + s -> have / has + verb (or) verb +ed verb + ed /v2 -> passive – is/ am/are + verb+ed verb + ing -> is/ am/are +verb+ing

Eg: NEET CLASSES TO BEGIN ON SEPT. 20 TH 15 th December, Erode . The National Coaching institute announced that the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test classes will begin on September twenty.

Ex: 1. Municipal elections in December 2. Telephone customers to get video phone 3. Card license to replace paper driving license 4. ATM without security guard to close 5.Heavy rains lash Chennai. 6. 12 injured as buses collide

PROVERBS :

1. A bad workman always blames his tools. 2. Action speaks louder than voice. 3. Despair gives courage to a coward. 4. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 5. Great minds think alike. 6. Haste makes waste. 7. Look before you leap. 8. Measure twice, cut once. 9. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 10. Better late than never. 11. Honesty is the best policy. 12. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 13. Practise what you preach. 14. Practice makes a man perfect. 15. Leave no stone unturned. 16. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 17. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. 18. Don’t judge a book by its cover. 19. Laughter is the best medicine. 20. Many hands make light work. 21. Necessity is the mother of invention. 22. As you sow, so you reap. 23. The pen is mightier than the sword. 24. Fortune favours the bold. 25. Birds of the same feather flock together. 26. The early bird catches the worm. 27. God helps those who help themselves.

Proverb completion :

1. Fortune favours the ----- (fool, brave, wise) 2. -----is next to Godliness. (kindness, bravery, cleanliness) 3. ------makes perfect. (practice, Repetition, Attempts) 4. Empty -----make the most noise. (class, places, vessels) 5. ----speak louder than words. (Advice, Actions, Deeds) 6. ----was not built in a day. (Paris, Rome, Athens) 7. Familiarity breeds------. (contempt, liking, love) 8. You can’t judge a book by its----. (content, cover, articles) 9. -----is the mother of invention. (Greed, Thirst, Necessity) 10. A sound mind in a sound ----. (head, heart, body) 11. Better late than -----. (nothing, never, absent) 12. One----makes no Garland. (flower, fruit, bouquet) 13. To err is ---. (common, normal, human) 14. Pride goes ----a fall. (after, before, at) 15. Kindness begets-----. (love, kindness, justice) 16. New brooms ---well. (sweep, does, works) 17. Speech is silver, silence is -----. (platinum, golden, diamond) 18. A bird in hand is worth two in the----. (cage, tree, bush) 19. An---brain is the devils workshop. (evil, idle, empty) 20. Every cloud has a----lining. (bright, silver, lovely)

DIALOGUE WRITING - PHRASES/WORDS : (USE FOR 3 M AND 5 M) PAGE NO.74, 75, 125 (FRAMING QUESTIONS : 118)

Use the following which may be suitable

1. I need. 9. Time pls, 2. How are you? 10. I want, 3. I see/I saw. 11. Take this, 4. What do you want? 12. fill it, 5. Lost pls. 13. Bill Pls, 6. May I know. 14. Thank you, 7. Place it. 15. Choose it. 8. Here it is.

Eg : Between you and a bookseller on buying books (page no:125 ) Book seller : What do you want? Me : I want Thirukkural book. B.S : How many copies? Me : 5 copies B.S : ok. What else? Me : Thank you sir. Bill please. B.S : Here it is? Me : Thank you sir. B.S : Have a nice day sir. Me : Thank you. Have a nice day.

DESCRIBING A PROCESS (Page No: 79) • Use Imperative sentences. • Use Passive Voice. • Use linkers. Example : First, then, were and then finally

Cookery/Salads. Cleaning: Packing: Take______Take______Take______Wash______Soak______Cut______Cut/Chop______Rinse______Fold______Fierly Chop______Wash______Wrap/cover______Grind/Powder______Dry______Stick a label______Mix/well______Use Drier______Address tag______Add______Ready to gift/post.______Ready to Serve Heat Add oil Fry/deep fry/sauté (pan, tava, bowl )

NOTICE WRITING (Page No: 17)

Format of a Notice Notice Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Erode Tips: Inaugural function of Science Club (event ) ● This to inform you 3rd March2020 about……………….

Time:11 a.m. ● For registration,

Venue: Meeting Hall contact………… ● Meet the …….. for You are informed about / to ……………………………………………… reference ………………………………………………………………………………………… ● Attend the meeting ………………………………………………………………………………………… without fail. …………………………………………………….………………………………….. ● All are invited. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ● All are welcome. (Sd/-) ● Inform your class Karthik(Name) students. The School pupil Leader (the designation) ● Make arrangements.

Pronouns :--> Question Paper Answer Paper 1. Your Our 2. You are I am e.g. You are Kala, the secretary of the Science Club. Prepare a notice about the inaugural of Science Club

Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Gobi . The Inaugural of Science Club 5th March 2020 Time:10 a.m Venue: Meeting Hall

You are informed about the inaugural of science club. All are invited. For reference, contact the Secretary.

(Sd/-) Kala, The Secretary of Science Club.

WRITING E-MAIL (Page No: 151,152)

Format of an E-mail

To: Cc: Sub.: Dear Sir, (Salutation) (Body of the mail) Yours faithfully/Your Friend, (Sd/ -)

Pronouns Question Paper Answer Paper Tips: 1. Your Our/ my Don’t use short forms, from address, date. 2. You are I am Use ‘Cc.’ only in formal letter. Use Expressions like: I am…………… I am studying………… P. find my encl., I have sent. I invite you to the……….

Formal Letter: Friendly letter: Dear Sir, Hi, Sir, Dear …(name) Yours faithfully, With love/Best wishes I look forward to hearing from you. Reply me soon. Thank You Waiting for your reply. Reply soon. Covey my love to all. e.g.: You are Raju. You Invite your friend to your School Annual Day function. To: [email protected] Sub.: Invitation -School Day Function Dear Rajeev, How are you? I am fine. I invite you for my School Annual Day Function. Please come with your family on 3 rd June 2020. Convey my love to all.

Your Friend, (Sd/ -) Raju .

PART – IV – (41 – 47 -EITHER / OR QUESTIONS) – 7Q’S X 5M = 35 MARKS

41. Prose paragraph :

1. The Portrait of a Lady Write a paragraph on the vital role of the author’s grandmother in his early years. Author’s grandmother always went to school with him. Grandmother sat inside the temple reading the holy books. Author went upto university, he was given a room. The common link of friendship was snapped. Grandma sat by her wheel spinning and reciting prayers. Hundreds of little birds collected round her for bread crumbs.

2. The Queen of Boxing Mary Kom’s rise as the Queen of boxing. Mary Kom was selected in the 48 kg category for boxing. Her father managed to collect only Rs. 2000. Two MP’s donated money. Because of these efforts Mary Kom decided not to come back empty handed. She won her first international medal (a silver) there. She also started believing that she could face anyone. The prize money and later the Govt. job put an end to her financial worries. Despite her marriage, her medal haul continued. After the hat trick of world championship wins the media named her, “Queen of Boxing”, and “ Magnificent Mary”.

3. Forgetting How does Lynd look at ‘Forgetfulness’? Lynd wonders at human memory. A person remembers telephone numbers, addresses, names of actors, actresses, cricketers, footballers and murderers. Psychologists interpret that People wish to forget certain things. The author often forgets to post letters. He also forgets walking sticks and umbrella often. According to author sports persons are the citizens of dreamland. Anglers and poets are living in dreams so they forget ordinary things. This seems to be a virtue to the author.

4. Tight corners Narrate the circumstances that led to the narrator getting into a tight corner by his own folly. His friend forced the narrator to visit. The author was very playful and careless. In the sale room pictures were sold. The author was caught in tight corners. Tight corner is a difficult situation. No one was there to help him. His Friend escaped. Some other bidder offered 50 guineas for the pictures. The narrator demanded 100 guineas and got it from him.

5. Convocation Address How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back the society? The Speaker represent a common man. Universities are the store house of knowledge. Society gets improved by the help of the universities. Spirit of Democracy, is developed Universities help students to develop skills. Students should serve the society without selfishness.

6. The Accidental Tourist Why doesn’t Bryson seem to be able to do easily what others seem to? give a few reasons could not do his daily life activities. Looking for a lavatory in a cinema was difficult .He would forget his room number in the hotels. The bag contained newspaper cuttings, loose papers and Tobacco got scattered on the airport, when he tried to take out a card. The ticket was in the name of B.Bryson but the card was in the name of W. Bryson.

42. POEM PARAGRAPH : POEM – 1 - ONCE UPON A TIME - Gabriel Okara ‘Once Upon a Time’ is a poem. This poem was written by Gabriel Okara. This is a very beautiful poem about people’s nature. The poet talks to his son. It is about fake and real nature of the people. He hates fake people. He wants to be real like people in past.

POEM - 2 - CONFESSIONS OF A BORN SPECTATOR – Ogden Nash ‘Confessions of a Born Spectator’ is a poem. This poem was written by Ogden Nash. This is a very beautiful poem. The poem is about the spirit of the born spectator. The poet is the spectator. He enjoys the game. He admires their spirit and strength. But he never wants to exchange places with them.

POEM -3- LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING – William Wordsworth ‘Lines written in Early Spring’ is a poem. This poem was written by William Wordsworth. The theme is ‘Enjoy and worship the Nature’. The poet had both pleasant and

bitter thought. Flowers enjoyed their breath and birds hopped around him. Irresponsible act of men exploits nature. God created nature. We should enjoy nature.

POEM - 4 - MACAVITY – THE MYSTERY CAT – T.S. Eliot Macavity is a master criminal. He does a lot of crimes .But the police could not arrest him. He breaks the human law and also the law of gravity. He is a devil in the guise of cat. He can float in the air and also run very fast. So he is called the Mystery Cat.

POEM - 5 - EVEREST IS NOT THE ONLY PEAK – Kulothungan The poet talks about the virtue of a human being .You don’t stoop to grab success. Stand proud and feel tall. Be bold even when you fail. Don’t bow for favors. Respect and honour others. Efforts are more important than success.

POEM – 6 – THE HOLLOW CROWN - William Shakespeare This poem is an extract from the play “Richard II”.Richard II is a deposed king. He is very sad. He thinks about the dead kings. Death is portrayed as a court Jester. King has power. But death is more powerful than king. Everyone is equal before death. He urged his men to treat him as an ordinary man.

43. SUPPLEMENTARY PARAGRAPH :

AFTER TWENTY YEARS – O. Henry Bob and Jimmy were friends. They plan to meet at the same place, date and time after 20 years .Jimmy becomes a cop and Bob becomes a criminal. Bob waits at the same place after 20 years. As a policeman Jimmy finds out that Bob is a criminal. So he sends another man to arrest his friend.

A SHOT IN THE DARK – Saki Philip Sletherby travels by train to meet Mrs. SaltpenJago. Bertie, her son, travels with him. He asks Sletherby to lend him money. He says that his mother has dark brown hair. Sletherby doesn’t believe his words. So he doesn’t give him money. Later he comes to know the truth. He had done the mistake and Bertie had said the truth.

THE FIRST PATIENT – C.V. Burgess The play takes place in the dentist’s clinic. Patients are waiting for the dentist. The dentist arrives and calls for the first patient in. After sometimes, a nurse carries a hammer, a pair of pliers and hacksaw. Patients are afraid of the noise from the room. They leave the clinic one by one. The first patient comes out and explains. The dentist had used the tools to open his tools cabinet. He had not used them to pull the tooth out. The misunderstanding creates humour in the play.

44. SUMMARY WRITING / NOTE MAKING (Page No: 48,49)

Do's : 1. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia 2 my;yJ 3 Kiw ed;F gbf;fTk;. vijg;gw;wp vOjg;gl;Ls;sJvd fz;Lgpbf;fTk;. mJNt Title MFk;. key ideas milahsk; fhz Ntz;Lk;. 2. jiyg;ig mwpKfk; nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; cs;sit/Rw;wp tisj;J jiyg;ig njhLtJ vJTk; Njitapy;iy. 3. tpthpj;J vOjg;gl;lit> th;zid Nghd;wdTk; Njitapy;iy. 4. ahiu/vijg;gw;wp vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; vq;Nf> vg;NghJ> Vd;> vt;tsT Nghd;w Nfs;tpfSf;F tpil jUgit kl;Lk; ,lk; ngwyhk;. 5. Abbreviation gad;gLj;jyhk;. Adjectives jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Statistical data Nghd;wit jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

6. nrhe;jeilapy; vOj Kay Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW vOj ,ayhjth;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w thf;fpaq;fspy; jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;badtw;iw jtph;j;J thf;fpak; mikf;fyhk;. 7. Rough copy, Fair copy kw;Wk; Title Nghd;wit rhptu ,Ue;jhNy 3 kjpg;ngz;fs; fpilf;Fk;. 8. khzt> khztpah; Total passage I ,uz;lhfg; gphpj;J Rough copy, fair copy vd vOJjiyj; jtph;j;jy; eyk;. KOgj;jpf;Fk; Rough copy vOJ Kay Ntz;Lk;. mjid Nkk;gLj;jp Fair copy vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Model Exercise : It is easy to say, ”Enlarge your vocabulary “,first that you may enter upon the privileges of cultivated women; and secondly, that you may be able to tell the truth easily and accurately. But it is another and more difficult matter to prescribe the means by which this is to be done. Every girl must, to a large degree, work out her own method. The reading of the best books and conversation with cultivated folk-both helps to the free use of words. The dictionary is the best friend for your task. Never allow a strange word to pass unchallenged. Usually it is wise to look it up at the moment. If that is impossible it must be written firmly on the memory and traced at the first opportunity. It is good to encourage the habit of dawdling a little over the dictionary. It is the only place where dawdling reaps a harvest. By learning two new words a day thoroughly, you can ensure a large vocabulary before you reach middle age.

Answer :

Rough copy : By enlarging your vocabulary, you can have the privileges of cultivated person and express the truth easily and accurately. Everyone must work out one's own method. Reading the best books and conversing with scholars help coining the use of words. The dictionary usage is the best tool. Dawdling over the dictionary can reap a harvest. By learning two new words a day, you can ensure a large vocabulary before the middle age.

Fair copy:

Enlarge your vocabulary By enlarging your vocabulary you can enjoy the privileges of cultivated people. You can express the truth better. Everybody must work out one’s own method. Reading the best books and talking with elite people can help coin words. The dictionary is the best tool. Dawdling over it can help reaping a harvest. Two new words a day can ensure a large vocabulary before the middle age.

45. Letter Writing (Page No: 89,153-155, 196; BIO- DATA:178 & 179)

Types of Letters: i) Official Letter ii) Personal Letter

Format of an official letter:

From …………………….. ………………………

3rd Jan, 2020.

To ……………….. ………………..

Dear sir, Sub.: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. (Body of the letter) ….…………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Thank You, Yours faithfully, (subscription)

Sd/- (name) Address on the cover

Format of a Personal Letter :

23, Raja street, Yyyyy. (from address)

5th March 2020.

Dear Raju, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………. …………………….. (Body of the letter) ……………………………………………………………………………..

Best wishes

With love,

Sd/- (name) Address on the cover: To:

Change the Pronouns :

Question paper Answer paper Your Our/ My You I Tips: Official Letter Personal Letter Dear sir, Hi, Sir/Madam, Dear friend, I am writing this letter to…. How are you? I am fine I want to ………… I want to……… I look forward to hearing from you. Convey my love to all. Inform me about…….. Keep in touch with me. Convey my regards Reply soon.

BIO-DATA Name : XXXX DOB : Age : 26 Address : XXXX, yyyy Qualification : B.Com Experience : 2 Years

Declaration The details given above are correct and true.

Place: YYYY. Yours faithfully, Date: ____ / /2020 XXXX

Address on the cover: To:

a) Respond to the following advertisements.

WANTED 100 part -time Graphic Artists Experienced in Photoshop and InDesign- Salary negotiable. Apply to: MM Graphics, Triplicane, Chennai - 5 or Mail your Resume to [email protected]

BIO-DATA Name : XXXX DOB : 23.05.1993 Age : 26 Address : XXXX, yyyy Qualification : B.Sc (CS) Experience : 2 Years Declaration The details given above are correct and true.

Place: YYYY. Yours faithfully, Date:05/03 /2020. XXXX Address on the cover: To: MM Graphics Triplicane, Chennai - 5

1. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the need to wear seat belts while driving. 12-C Apex road, Soorampatti, Erode.

5th Mar 2020

To The Editor The Hindu Chennai-600009

Sir / Madam, Heavy traffic and speed in the road causes accident. As a media you can create awareness among people to wear helmet and seat belt while driving. So, I request you kindly to publish news to create awareness.

True citizen XXXX Address on the cover: To:

2. Write a letter to the commissioner of the corporation complaining about the sanitary conditions of the streets in your locality.

From XXXX 12-C Apex road, Soorampatti, Erode.

5th Mar 2020

To The Corporation Commissioner, Corporation office, Erode Sir/ Madam, Sub: Complaining about the sanitary conditions reg. I reside in the aforesaid address. The sanitary condition is not good. Kindly make arrangements to rectify the issue.

Thanking you Yours truly, xxx Address on the cover:

To:

3. Write a letter to a sports company ordering sports items for the Physical Education Department of your school.

From The School Pupil Leader Govt. Hr Sec School Erode

5th Mar 2020

To ABZ Sports Shop Apex road, Erode Sir / Madam, Our school is in need of the following sports items. Send those items to my school without damage. Send me the bill too. 1 Throw ball 5 no’s . 2 Volley ball 5 no’s Thanking you Yours sincerely, Arjun (School pupil leader)

Address on the cover: To:

4. Write a letter to the Chief Reservation Supervisor of Railways requesting him to grant concession for your educational tour.

From The School Pupil Leader Govt Hr Sec School Erode

5th Mar 2020

To The Chief Reservation Supervisor, Railways Department, Erode Sir /Madam, Sub: permission to grant concession for train fare reg. We planned educational tour from our school to Ooty on April 1 st . So I request you to grant concession in train fare for 100 students and 5 teachers. Thanking you Yours sincerely, Arjun (School pupil leader) Address on the cover: To:

5. Write a letter to the curator of the museum seeking permission for a school visit.

From The School Pupil Leader Govt. Hr Sec School Erode

5th Mar 2020

To The Curator, The Museum, Erode

Sir /Madam, Sub: seeking permission to visit museum reg. We planned to visit museum from our school on Mar 15th. So I request you to grant permission for100 students and 5 teachers to visit the museum. Thanking you Yours sincerely, Arjun (School pupil leader) Address on the cover: To:

46. SPOT THE ERROR / CONCORD (PAGE NO:80,81) : Spot the errors: 1. Prefer, prior, senior, junior, inferior, superior mLj;J 'than'-f;F gjpyhf ‘to’ vOjTk;. Examples: ● Ram is junior than me ● Ram is junior to me

2. One of the f;F gpwF ‘Noun’ plural-y; tUk; Examples: One of the boys vd;W tUk;. Ram is one of the best students in the class. NkYk; one of the boys te;jhy; singular ‘verb’(looks, is) tUk;. Examples: One of the boys look happy ● One of the boys looks happy

3. One rupee, university, universal, useful, European, union Kd; cs;s ‘an’ I vLj;Jtpl;L ‘a’ vOjTk;. Example: Ram is an university scholar ● Ram is a university scholar

4. NkYk; Abbreviation Kd; cs;s M/H/F vOj;Jf;fSf;F Kd; ‘a’ tuhJ> ‘an’ tUk;. ‘h’ silent Mf tUk; thh;j;ijfSf;F Kd;dhy; ‘an’ tUk;. Examples: ● Ram is a M.Sc Student ● I bought a HMT watch ● Ram is an M.Sc Student ● I bought an HMT watch ● Ram is a honest man ● Saminathan is a M.L.A ● Ram is an honest man ● Saminathan is an M.L.A 5. thf;fpaj;jpy; Though-Tk; but-k; te;jhy; but I kl;Lk; ePf;fptpl;L vOJ. Example: Though he is poor but he is happy ● Though he is poor he is happy

6. thf;fpak; ‘ing’ (working, writing) njhlq;fpdhy; gpd;dh; tUk; and I ePf;fp vOjTk;. Example: Working hard and he passed ● Working hard he passed

7. Some verbs cld; Fwpg;gpl;l preposition kl;Lk; tUk;. (confident of, hope for, met with, on foot, congratulate on) Examples: ● He is confident on his success ● I met with an accident ● He is confident of his success ● He goes to school by foot ● Let us hope through the best ● He goes to school on foot ● Let us hope for the best ● He congratulated of his success ● I met in an accident ● He congratulated on his success.

8. NkYk; discuss, enter, told, despite Nghd;w thh;j;ijfSld; preposition Nrh;e;J tuhJ. Example: ● They discuss about politics ● They discuss politics(about tuhJ ) ● I enter into the room ● I enter the room(into tuhJ ) ● They told to me ● They told me(to tuhJ )

9. Neither..nor, either..or cld; singular verb(look, is) tUk;. Example: Neither you nor he are active ● Neither you nor he is active

10. Physics, Economics, Politics, Mathematics, Civics, News mLj;J singular verb jhd; tUk;. Example: The news are very good ● The news is very good

11.Some words are used only in Singular form. Eg: advice, furniture, meal. Example: ● He gave a lot of advices ● I bought new furniture ● He gave a lot of advice ● He has finished his meals ● I bought new furnitures ● He has finished his meal

12. (Language) nkhopf;F Kd; ‘the’ tuhJ. Example: ● We speak the English ● We speak English

13. cyfj;jpy; cs;s xNu xNu nghUis kl;Lk; Fwpf;Fk;NghJ ‘the’ article gad;gLj;jTk;. Example: ● Sun rises in the east ● The sun rises in the east.

14. Other models Example: ● Two and two make four . ● No one know the answer. ● Two and two makes four. ● No one knows the answer. ● He is my cousin brother. ● He plays piano very well. ● He is my cousin . ● He plays the piano very well.

15. thf;fpaj;jpy; as/since/because-k; te;jhy; so -I kl;Lk; ePf;fp vOJ. Example: ● As he is poor so he is proud. ● As he is poor he is proud.

16. Despite- cld; of tuhJ. Example: ● Despite of his riches he is humble. ● Despite his riches he is humble.

17. Confusables/Confusibles itj;Jk; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk; All the boys fared poorly expect Gokul. All the boys fared poorly except Gokul. ,jpy; Except vd;gJ rhp (jtpu) Expect vd;gJ vjph;ghh;j;jy; vd;W nghUs; jUk;.

18. Infinitive /Gerund gad;ghLfspYk; Nfs;tpfs; tUk;. (Infinitive –to +verb/Gerund –verb+ing) To-tpd; gpd;dhy; Verb+ing tuhJ. rpyrkak; thf;fpaj;jpy; To Njitg;glhJ. She made me to cry. ( ,jpy; To Njitapy;iy ) She made me cry. To carry a heavy pile of books, she tripped and fell. (wrong) Carrying a heavy pile of books, she tripped and fell. (correct) My friends and I were sitting in a cafe and to talk. (wrong) My friends and I were sitting in a cafe and talking. (correct)

19. Degrees of comparison. ,jpy; Positive, comparative & superlative y; gad;ghLfspy; Nfs;tpfs; tUk;. Positive y; as.....as (Neh;kiw thf;fpaq;fspy;) So....as (vjph;kiw thf;fpaq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ) Comparative-y; than ( ,uz;L egh;/nghUs; xg;gplg;gLifapy; )than any other(subject xUikapy; cs;s NghJ )than most other/all other (subject gd;ikapy; cs;sNghJ ) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Superlative-y; the ( xg;gPL xUikahf cs;s NghJ ) One of the ( xg;gPL gd;ikahf cs;s NghJ) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

20. Question tag gad;ghLfspYk; Nfs;tpfs; tUk;. Nandhini is a bright student, isn't it?(wrong) Isn't she? (correct)

Homophones (Page No: 7& 71,72) 1. brake/break a) We have a short break between the sessions. b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the brake. 2. waste/waist a) Shivani wears a belt around her waist. b) we should never misuse or waste natural resources. 3. principle/principal a) Oxygen is the principal element present in the earth’s crust. b) Both these machines work on the same principle. 4. bread/bred a) Turtles should be bred in a healthy environment. b) I like to have toasted bread for breakfast. 5. lesson/lessen a) This medicine will lessen your pain. b) Finally, the manager learnt a lesson the hard way. 6. pale/pail a) The child looks very sick and pale. b) I need a pail of water to wash these cups. 7. through/threw a) Ravi picked the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin. b) The soldiers had to pass through a dark tunnel. 8. corps/corpse a) The corpse was covered with a shroud. b) A five day annual training camp for the senior cadets of the National Cadet Corps has been organized.

Homonyms : 1. Nobody can say whether there will be an improvement in the Weather. 2. Your ring is loose. Do not lose it. 3. We found a packet of biscuits in the old man's shirt pocket. 4. When the pole vaulter cleared 28 feet , it was declared a record feat. 5. Explain the quote. ‘Cut your coat according to your cloth'. 6. The stranger paused for a few minutes before he passed my house. 7. The wiry dancer turned weary after the final performance. 8. The chain that I presented to my sister was not made of gold; It was just gilt . I am suffering from a sense of guilt.

Model Question – Homophones and confusables Fill in the blanks with suitable Homophones and confusables. brake/break a) We have a short ______between the sessions. b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the ______.

Modal Verbs and Semi-modals (Page No: 43)

S.N o Modals Meaning/Functions Clue 1 Can Ability, Request lift, speak, answer 2 Could Past ability, Possibility 3 May Permission or Future Possibility go, come, god, rain, help, know 4 Might Future Possibility 5 Must Necessity or Obligation obey, punish, rules, army, soldier, 6 Shall Offer or Suggestion 7 Should Advice or Suggestion promise, needy, poor, doctor, respect 8 will Willingness, Certainty, Promise 9 would Request, Invitation like to, mind, hope

S.No. Semi -modals Clue 1. Ought to assignment, record, test, submit, needy 2. Used to When, during , in my childhood, in my college days. 3. Need Not (used in negatives and questions.) 4. Dare How

1. We are not completely sure but Kishore may come back tomorrow. 2. When Koushik was a child, he used to play in the street. 3. Could I have some more juice, please? 4. I couldn’t believe my eyes, Is Santhosh the one who is standing over there? 5. Dinesh must be the richest person in the village. He has just bought two luxury cars. 6. Imran should have studied more for the final exam than playing. 7. My house needs decorating as I’m tired of old furniture. 8. I would rather request you to check my exercise before giving it to the teacher. 9. May I use your mobile phone? It’s an emergency. 10. In schools, Students must wear uniforms. It is compulsory. 11. Nirmala’s daughter could write perfectly when she was seven. 12. I shall let you know when I have more information about the matter. 13. Science fiction can be defined as the branch of literature dealing with the reaction of human beings to changes in Science and Technology.

Model Question - Modals / Semi -modals 1. We are not completely sure but Kishore_____ come back tomorrow. (Use a modal Verb)

Homophones :

1. He was not ______to read ______.(aloud /allowed) 2. It’s ______true that he was very ______right from the start.(quite /quiet) 3. The ______was found near the ______(dairy /diary) 4. The ______served in the ______was very delicious. (desert/dessert) 5. The rise of ______is not ______.(fare/fair) 6. The wound on his ______began to ______slowly. (heal/heel) 7. I can ______you well, right from ______.(here/hear) 8. The ______rode on his horse, right through the ______to deliver the news.(Knight /night) 9. He is the ______man, to pay the whole ______.(lone/loan) 10. They ______the ______pipes at night. (Steel/steal) 11. We ______at the ______closely.(stair/stare) 12. His ______son ______to the new environment quickly. (adopted /adapted) 13. The ______economist warned about the ______crisis. (Imminent/eminent) 14. The police tried to ______the information about the people who sell ______liquor . 15. The ______solution evoked ______comments from various quarters. (Judicial /judicious)

16. His coverage of the rain ____ areas ,had an immediate ____ in the political circle.(effect /affect) 17. He is ______that his ______will not let him sleep peacefully. (Conscious /conscience) 18. ______getting an opportunity to watch the match, he is also lucky to sit ______M.S.Dhoni. (besides/ beside)

Modal verbs/Semi modals :

1. ______you like to have a cup of coffee? 2. The players ______obey their captain. 3. He ______sing well even as he was a child. 4. We ______beat any team in the world. 5. You ______improve your vocabulary. 6. They ______rather beg than surrender. 7. The match ______finish soon. 8. He ______come soon. 9. We ______watch a lot of adventure films, when we were in the college. 10. We ______submit our records on Monday. 11. They ______to pay the fees tomorrow. 12. The stuntmen ______acting in a risky scene to get applause. 13. The girls ______not be afraid of such things. 14. You ______work hard, if you want to be appreciated. 15. The law ______take its own course. 16. ______we go for a walk? 17. Sometimes he ______bring me some flowers.

Link words :

1. ______he looks feeble, he is strong. 2. Refresh yourself ______you will be tired soon. 3. He was clever ______he will find a way quickly. 4. ______he came here, none supported him. 5. ______she has the ticket, she can enter. 6. Subha is tired ______she tried hard. 7. ______you have self belief, you cannot succeed. 8. He remains in the same place ______our return. 9. Correct your mistakes, ______you take a print. 10. ______he loves Ilayaraja’s music, we befriend him. 11. We were watching a movie ______Karthik was studying hard. 12. ______his sincerity, he was selected. 13. ______the brilliant batting of Kohli, India lost the match. 14. ______the arrival of MSD, India started doing better. 15. I know him ______he was a child. 16. ______Gandhiji, the truth is the supreme God.

Tense forms of the verbs :

1. When we went to his apartment, he ______(practice) seriously for the contest. 2. Suganya ______(win)the scholarship a few years ago. 3. Akalya ______(spend)her holidays happily next month. 4. Kannan ______(go)to the movies rarely. 5. Wait. He ______(follow)us now. 6. We ______(start)our business just now. 7. Mythili ______(write)a beautiful poem last year.

8. Nithish ______(reach) the venue before the game started. 9. Take an umbrella, it ______(rain) soon. 10. Bharathi ______(study) here since 2010 11. The team ______(give) no chance, to the rivals last year. 12. Gopika ______(begin) her practice already.

Tenses (Page No: 14) 1. I would like (like) to spend time with my friend, whenever I am (be) free. 2. He was (be) likely to miss the train. He ran (run) up to the station. 3. At the moment they were waiting (wait) at the bus stop. But I did not know (not know) their plans for the journey. 4. They firmly believe (believe) in the existence of God. 5. We hear (hear) a lot of noise because the buildings transmit (transmit) sound vacant. 6. She always makes (make) excuses for coming late. 7. The prime minister will leave (leave)for America to meet the delegates tomorrow.

(Page No: 16) 1. I had never seen ( see) such a beautiful sunrise before I came here. 2. We were not able to stay overnight as we had not reserved ( reserve) the tickets in advance. 3. Nirmala had been (be) to the concert several times. 4. Mariappan knew Pudukottai so well because he had lived (live) there for five years. 5. Yusuf understood the problem because he had experienced ( experience) the situation earlier. 6. Catherine did not have any cash because she had lost (lose) her purse. 7. My father had been ( be) to Mumbai once before. 8. The cat had chased ( chase) the bird before it flew out of the yard. 9. Edith had visited ( visit) several doctors before she found out what the problem was with her knee. 10. If we had called (call) the manager ahead, we would not have needed to wait so long for a table.

47. READING COMPREHENSION (Page No: 9, 4, 82, 52, 114, 115, 146, 147, 174, 175)

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below : Across the world, the rose has fascinated mankind for centuries with its pastel colours, delicate scents and various dimensions, the rose may become one of the most beautiful and perfect flowers. Seduced by its beauty and fragrance, the Greeks and Roman were the first to cultivate roses. The Egyptians used it in religious ceremonies. During the Middle ages, in France and England, roses were used in medicine and for manufacturing perfumes. After a brief decline in popularity, the rose became popular in Europe, thanks to Empress Josephine, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. She worked with botanists and rose enthusiasts of France to grow every kind of rose in her garden. She collected new varieties from all over the world. New breeds were created with the process of cross -pollination.

Questions : 1. Which has fascinated mankind for long? 2. What made rose one of the most beautiful flowers of the world? 3. Who were the first to cultivate roses? 4. How were the roses used in France and England? 5. Pick out the words from the passage : a)Synonym of ‘variety’. b)Antonym of ‘bore’

,e;j gj;jpia XhpUKiw ed;F gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gpd; Nfs;tpfis XhpUKiw gbf;fTk;. gpd;dh; Nfs;tp thh;j;ijapy; ftdk; nrYj;jp Nfs;tpia Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kaw;rpf;fTk;. cjhuzk; : Who was Josephine? rk;ge;jg;gl;l thpfspy; ftdk; nrYj;jTk;. Josephine ahh; vd;gJ Nfs;tp. mjw;fhd tpil She was the wife of Napoleon and empress of France vd;gjhFk;. ed;F ftdk; nrYj;jp nghWikAld; vOjpdhy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;. Nfs;tpfs; vd;d Tense-y; cs;sNjh mt;thNw gjpy;fs; mika Ntz;Lk;.

Synonyms/Antonyms Fwpj;j Nfs;tpfSf;F gj;jp KOf;f gbj;J thh;j;ijfis ,dk; fhz Ntz;Lk;. rpyrkak; Poem nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mg;NghJ mjw;F Title vd;d vd;W Nfs;tp ,lk;ngWk;. Poem vijg;gw;wpaJ vd;gij Fwpj;J Title ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

POEM COMPREHENSION (Page No: 25, 57, 89, 131, 159, 189)

Read the following poem and answer the questions given below . If I can stop one heart from breaking, I shall not live in vain, If I can ease one life the aching Or cool one pain, Or help one fainting robin Unto his nest again, I shall not live in vain.

Questions : a) When will one’s life not be lived in vain? b) What could you do to one’s aching life? c) How could you help the fainting robin? d) What could you do to one in pain? e) Give a suitable title to the poem.