Multilateral Trade Negotiations the Uruguay

RESTRICTED MULTILATERAL TRADE MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev. 1 NEGOTIATIONS 29 February 1987 THE URUGUAY ROUND Special Distribution

Group of Negotiations on Goods (GATT) Negotiating Group on Tropical Products

TROPICAL PRODUCTS: BACKGROUND MATERIAL FOR NEGOTIATIONS

Natural Rubber and Tropical Wood

Note by the Secretariat

Table of Contents

Page

Introduction 2

SECTION I: Natural rubber and rubber products

A. Product information 3 B. The commercial policy situation 3 C. Trade flows and consumption 12

SECTION II: Tropical wood and wood products 16

A. Product information 16 B. The commercial policy situation 20 C. Trade flows 28

SECTION III: Activities of international organizations 38

1 ANNEX: Tariff and trade flow data at the tariff line level

1 To be issued as Add.l. to this document,

GATT SECRETARIAT UR-88-0067 MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 2

Introduction

1. At the first meeting of the Negotiating Group on Tropical Products held on 26 February 1987, there was a general agreement that the work in the initial phase should start on the basis of the seven product groups selected for the purpose of the consultations on tropical products held in the Committee on Trade and Development in 1982-84, in the understanding that this would not constitute a definition of tropical products nor an exhaustive listing and that other products might be included as negotiations proceed. As a first step in compiling background material for negotiations, the Group agreed that the secretariat should be invited to update and revise the background documentation prepared for the 1982-84 consultations including, as appropriate, data on the new Harmonized System of tariffs, so as to provide the Group with a summary of current trade flows and the tariff and non-tariff measures relating to the seven individual product groups covered by the consultations.

2. This document provides background material for negotiations with respect to one of the seven product groups covered by the 1982-84 consultations - natural rubber and tropical wood. This document covers the eleven developed country markets as in the background documentation prepared for the consultations. As far as this product group is concerned, any additional information that the Group might wish to have included as background material will be circulated as addenda to this document.

3. The first two sections of this document cover natural rubber and tropical wood, respectively. Section III documents the activities of international organizations relevant to these two product sub-groups. Each of the first two sections includes product information and, under the heading "the commercial policy situation", tables which show tariff rates (MFN and GSP) according to the new Harmonized System classifications, an overview of the tariff situation and information on non-tariff measures. Each of the first two sections also provides data on trade flows and consumption.

4. With respect to the eleven markets referred to above, MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Add.l provides tariff and trade flow data extracted from the 1984 Tariff Study files. These data are presented according to tariff classifications used before the adoption of the Harmonized System. With respect to pre-HS tariff items, the secretariat has added corresponding new HS-based tariff item numbers and tariff rates on a provisional basis. It is expected that these data will help identify broadly, if not precisely, major suppliers and the amount of trade involved with respect to the new HS-based tariff items.

A number of participants in the Uruguay Round, including developed countries, have adopted new tariff schedules based on the Harmonized System. The United States and Canada have adopted an internationally standardized tariff nomenclature for the first time. However, it may be noted that import data according to HS-based tariff items will not be available before 1989 or 1990. Thus, there is no other choice but to use the latest available import data for 1984, which are presented according to pre-HS tariff classifications, i.e. CCCN. TSUS or CTS. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 3

SECTION I; Natural rubber and rubber products

A. Product information

5. Virtually all of the commercially important types of natural rubber (hevea, balata, gutta percha and chicle) are grown in the tropical zone. While there are certain products which are most frequently made from either natural or synthetic rubbers, many rubber items are made from several types of rubber combined, which may have been co-polymerized, compounded, laminated or otherwise associated with one another and with other fillers, extenders, colouring agents and/or re-enforcement materials such as textile or metal-threads or fabrics.

6. Rubber and most rubber products fall within CCCN/HS Chapter 40. Natural and synthetic rubbers are distinguishable only at the level of raw material. At the level of semi-manufactured and finished rubber products, no distinction is made between those of natural and synthetic rubbers under such international nomenclatures as CCCN and HS. However, in certain national tariff schedules (e.g. those of the United States and Japan) certain semi-manufactured natural rubber products sometimes enjoy lower tariff treatment than for corresponding synthetic rubber products.

B. The commercial policy situation

(a) Tariffs

7. Tables 1 to 5 show the tariff rates (MFN and GSP) of eleven developed country markets with respect to natural rubber, unvulcanized rubber products, vulcanized rubber products, rubber tyres and tubes, and other rubber articles. The MFN and GSP rates indicated in these tables are new rates based on the Harmonized System. Tariff data in the tables are presented in a way to show the tariff escalation as clearly as possible. Tariff rates other than MFN and GSP rates are given in MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Add.l.

An overview of the tariff situation

8. In developed countries natural rubber is generally imported free of duty as an essential raw material. With regard to rubber products, MFN duties of industrialized countries have been significantly reduced as a result of past multilateral trade negotiations. Practically all products in CCCN Chapter 40 (with the exception of rubber tyres and tubes in certain cases) enjoyed the 50 per cent tariff reduction in the 1964-67 Kennedy Round and the tariff reduction according to a harmonization formula in the 1973-79 Tokyo Round. Further, the GSP introduced by developed countries in the 1970s has covered industrial products extensively, including most rubber products and has eliminated or reduced many duties applicable to developing countries in the sector.

Chapter 40 of the CCCN does not cover all "rubber articles". Rubber toys, bathing caps, rubber footwear and (hardened rubber) buttons, pipestems, etc., are, for instance, classifiable in other CCCN/HS Chapters. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 4

Explanatory Notes to Tables

Symbols used in the tables

* = MFN tariff reductions and GSP improvements after the 1982-84 consultations on tropical products (to the extent that information is available to the secretariat)

MFN rate (under the HS-based tariff - effective 1 January 1988, except the United States having delayed its adoption)

B = MFN rate fully bound P = MFN rate partially bound U = MFN rate not bound A = MFN rate applied actually on a temporary basis or otherwise

Examples: (a) 0%B,) Two bound rates at zero and 10 per cent apply on 10ZB ) the HS item

(b) 10%B ) MFN rate is bound at 10 per cent, but a rate of 8%A ) 8 per cent is actually applied on the HS item.

GSP rate (under the HS-based tariff - effective 1 January 1988, except the United States having delayed its adoption)

Blank space means that as the MFN rate is already zero, GSP is irrelevant. no GSP treatment for MFN dutiable item (...%) = GSP rate whose application is subject to quantitative limitations (i.e. ceiling or quota)

Notes: 1. Information on country limitations for the GSP application is given in footnotes.

2. Tariff rates other than MFN and GSP rates are available in MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Add.l.

3. "No GSP treatment" includes the cases where the GSP rate, though it remains on domestic legislation or regulation, no longer offers a preferential margin as a result of the reduction of the relevant MFN rate to or below the GSP rate.

4. Unless otherwise qualified, a single GSP rate indicated against two or more MFN rates means that all indicated dutiable MFN rates have been covered by the GSP rate indicated. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 5

Note: Four countries, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, grant developing countries MFN duty-free treatment or unlimited GSP duty-free treatment with the exception that "4011 ruhber tyres" are excluded from the CSP scheme of Finland. These four countries are not Included in the following tables for natural rubber. Date for these four countries will be made available to Interested delegations on request.

Table 1

Natural Rubber

United States, Japan, EEC and Austria - OZB (all items)

Harmonized H.S New Code. commodity Canada Australia Zealand No. description

4001.10 Natural rubber latex MFN OZB 2ZU 0ZP

CSP 0Z

4001.21 Smoked sheets of natural MFN OZB 2X0 OZB rubber

CSP oz

4001.22 Technically specified na( •ural MFN OZB 2ZD OZB rubber (TSNl)

CSP oz

3 4001.29 Natural rubber, other MFN OZB, 2ZU ozu, 10.3ZB^ 17.5ZB CSP 6.5Z* oz OZ

4001.30 Balata, gutta-percha MFN OZB OZB 0ZP, guayule, chiclt and 40ZB similar natural gums CSP 30Z*

Corresponding CCCN numbers: 4001, 4005, 4006 and 4008. 2 Sheets and strip other than crepe rubber sheets for footwear, 3 Creped natural rubber and uncompounded natural rubber. | Compounded natural gums„

s MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 6

Table 2

Unvulcanized Rubber Products

H.S. Harmonized United New- comniod icy Cnuada Japan EF.C Zea States cria ralia No. deficription land

4005.101 Compounded rubber MFN 0ZB 10.3ZB • 4.9ZB 2.5ZB 6ZB 20%U8 17.SZU4, with carbon black 3.9ZA 30ZU. or silica 40ZU

GSP 6.5Z (OZ) OZ 3Z 15% ox*. 20Z. 30Z

8 4005.201 Compounded rubber MFN OZfi 10.3ZB 4.9ZB 2.5ZB 7ZB 20-^U 30ZU solutions, other 0ZA-* dispersions - - - 15% GSP 6.5Z (OZ) OZ 3.5Z 20Z

a l 4005.91 Compounded rubber MFN 0ZB 10.3ZB 4.9ZB 2.5ZB 6.5ZB 20%U 17.5ZU plates, sheecs 3.9ZA and strip 8 GSP 6.5Z (OZ) OZ 3.2Z 15% OZ

4005.991 Other compounded MFN 0ZB 10.3ZB OZB3 OZB 6ZB 20U'8 ozp, rubber 17ZU

GSP 6.5Z 3Z 15%8 OZ5

2 4006.10 "Camel-back" MFN 5.8ZB 10.3ZB 4.9ZB 2.5ZB 7ZB 20%U8 30ZU, strips for 3.9ZA 40ZU retreading rupper tyres 8 CSP OZ 6.5Z (OZ) OZ 3.5Z 15% 20Z 30Z6

4006.902 Rods,tubes and MFN 4.2ZB3 10.3ZB 4.9ZB 2.5ZB 7ZB 20%U8 30ZU, profile shapes 5.3ZB 3.9ZA 35ZU and articles (e.g. discs and 8 rings) GSP OZ 6.5Z (OZ) OZ 3.5Z 15% 20Z, 25Z

Corresponding CCCN numbers: 4001, 4002, 4005, 4006 and 400B 'corresponding CCCN numbers: 4006, 4007, 4008, 4010 and 4014 Of ra'.ural rubber Plater., sheets or strips Natural rubber other than latex Of natural gums Tubes From 1 January 1990 MFN 15%U, GSP 10%. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 7

Table 3

Vulcanized Rubber Products

H.S. Harmonized Ni.:; United Aus Aust Code commodi ty Canada Japan EF.C Stales tria rnliâ No. description land

4007.00 Rubber thread and MFN 4.2ZB 6.8ZB,2 4.9ZB 6.2ZB OZB,,; 257.U 5XS cord 10.3ZB 3.9ZA 5ZB 6 2 GSP OZ oz (0Z) OZ 2.5Z 20Z ty 6.5Z

4008.11 Plates.sheets and MFN 4.2ZB1 10.3ZB 4.6ZB S.8ZB 7ZB 25ZU. 20XU, strip of cellular 15%U 30ZB. rubber 40ZIT

GSP OZ 6.5Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 20Z- 15X, 10% ' 15? 30-:4

4008.19 Rods and profile MFN 4.2ZB1 10.3ZB 4.6ZB 4.4ZB 7ZB 2SU 40U shapes of cellular rubber GSP OZ 6.5Z (0Z) 0Z 3.5Z 20Z 30Z

4008.21 Piates, sheets and MFN 3.4ZB OZB, 4.9ZB 4.9ZB 7ZB 20ZU 20ÏU, strip of non-cellular 10.3ZB 3.9ZA 40ZU rubber GSP - 6.5Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 15Z 151, 30Z4

4008.29 Rods and profile MFN 5.8ZB 10.8ZB 4.9ZB 4.4ZB 7ZB 25ZU 40ZU shapes of non- 3.9ZA cellular rubber GSP OZ 7Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 20Z 30:

4009.10 Tubes,pipes and hoses MFN 3.1ZB 11.3ZB 4.6ZB 4.9ZB 7ZB 40ZB 45ÏU - not reinforced or 25%k otherwise combined . i with other material GSP OZ 7.5Ï (0Z) 0Z 3.5Z 20Z is. ,

4009.20 - Reinforced or MFN 3.1ZB 11.3ZB 4.6ZB 4.9Z 7Z 40iB « ; otherwise combined 25%A only with metals 1 GSP 0Z 7.5Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Ï 20* 35, J 1 4009.30 - Reinforced or MFN 3.1X1 11.3ZB 4.6ZB 4.9ZB 7ZB 40ÎB *5S» ' otherwise combined 25%A only with.textile materials GSP OZ 7.5Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 201 35Z ] 1 1 4009.40 - Reinforced or MFN 3.1ZB 11.3ZB 4.6ZB 4.9ZB 7ZB 40ZB 45SB otherwise combined 25%A 1 with other materials' GSP OZ 7.5Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 20Z. 35Z

4001.50 - With fittings MFN 3.1ZB 11.3ZB 4.6ZB 4.9ZB 7ZB 40ZB 45U'c 25

GSP OZ 7.5Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 2bl 35Z, 45X5

01 natural rubber. 6.6ZB for products of synthetic rubber 2 Not covered Without fittings Other than flooring Hydraulic brake hoses for use in the assembly of motor vehicle* as may be determined. For products with a diameter of 2 mm or more only. Of expanded foam rubber combined with textile fabric. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 8

Table 4

Rubber Tyres and Tubes

U.S. Harmonized New United Aus- Fin Aust Code commodity Canada Japan EEC Zea States ria land ralia •Jo. description land (CCCN)

4011 New pneumatic tyres: MFN tu 10.7%B OZB 5.8ZB 20ZB 25ZB 25ZU 40ZU. 4011.10 - for motor car» 55ZU5

GSP oz 7Z (OZ)4 10Z - 20Z -

4011.20 - for buses or MFN 4ZB 10.7ZB OZB 5.8ZB 20ZB 25ZB 25ZU 40ZU, lorries 55ZU3

GSP OZ 7Z (OZ)4 10Z - 20Z -

4011.40 - for motor cycles MFN 4XB 10.7ZB OZB,3 5.8ZB 20ZB 25ZB OZU 40ZU 4.2ZB 3.4ZA

GSP OZ 7Z (0Z)4 (0Z) 10Z -

4011.50 - for bicycles MFN 5ZB 11.7%B 4.2ZB 5.8ZB 20ZB 25ZB 27.5ZB 40Z 3.4ZA Cr*A or 52.5

GSP 7": (OZ) (OZ)4 10Z 20Z or 52.5 each

4011.91 - having a MFN 0ZB, 0ZB1 OZB3, 5.8ZB 20ZB 25ZB 15ZU 40ZU. "herring-bone 4ZB 10.2ZB 4.2ZB 55ZU6 or similar 10.7ZB 3.4ZA tread GSP OZ 6.5Z (0Z) (OZ)4 10Z - 10Z - 7Z

4011.99 - other MFN 0ZH. 0ZH1 OZB1, 5.8ZB 20ZH 25ZB 15ZU 40ZU 4ZB 10.2ZB 4.2ZB 10.7ZB 3.4ZA 11.7ZB

GSP OZ 6.5Z (0Z) (OZ)4 10Z 10Z 7Z 7.5Z

4013 Inner tubes: MFN 3.7ZB 10.2ZB | 6.5ZB 5.8ZB 20ZB 25ZB 15ZU 40ZU. 4013.10 - for motor cars | 3.2ZA 55ZU6 (4011) GSP 0Z 6.5Z (0%) (OZ)4 10Z - 10Z -

4013.20 - for bicycles MFN 15XB 10.2ÏB 4.2'iB 5.8ZB 20XB 25ZB 27.5ÏB 40ÏU (4011) 3.4ZA i5\A

GSP 6.5Z (0Z) (OZ)4 10Z - 10Z 202

4013.90 - other MFN 0ZB, OZB,2 4.2ZB 5.8ZB 20ZB 2SZB 15ZU 40 iu (4011) 3.7ZB 10.2ZB 3.4ZA

GSP OZ 6.5Z (0Z) (OX)4 10Z - 10Z 20Z I 1 Having a size of 3,600 X 51 or 4,000 X 57 For aircraft With a width exceeding 10.16 en CSP no applicable to Romania New pneumatic tyres, of a kind used in the assembly of motor vehicles as may be determined For use in the assembly of motor vehicles as may be determined. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 9 Table 5

•317393 •433643 • I.4V4 •31497 1 69 •MM .t:.< : 77314 .471343 35071 .14319 .770 .194*39 • •.<;.» 0. N6r6 N^**AW. I91C37 :;:.:: 160916 •364043 33 .37 .1537 .316» .4377 .3137111 •3133079 IIIXI. 110 3it:s;> 236.tic .1999103 •C77343 .•03333 •906301 .1171313 347117 •311310 •I67645 •11430 •3473 -44J 1307 133431 .3747 •53670 CCM ;(.s 33336 4479 »c»c 33331 23!!3 .27413 .22619 .1345
4» 20444| nil- .133334 .1313768 .1371733 .134113 23:3:23 175173 114294 327737 M . 14*44 M-*** lo.t .1017361 .1039767 .«3693. .1399(4 7451C •3331 42*39 .11*** 31440*
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33067 OMN •2 MM] ::<• .179493 •35346 0..6~. •'(704 '4414 • 37M .7107 • t52
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• 21)49 107171 »6': .3440 .«7910 ^t> -;• «ViarrAya 33'9i • •54 1»750 15403 111» - %'« »t«' IK 1 73201 3035 9363 197C • 3 39 .7312 .947; •11414 . »-«- A -eï :-•-•: 133 -3 16134 43*4- .1C3313 .43543 4354 • 7** .17»»9 .1213 • •«47 13343 4173 14073 1737» •637 :•;« '240 1(376 20437 !»•«.•'••:. Ntac •736 39343 6371* 37377 TLVC--0-C >|I|'PI "233 • 1134 10124 1*91» . - c ' e: '- 'tti CM mm .33413 .47721 D< •**»»•» D^«^t 33* '413330 1143 '27*6 133** CAa 3»»( 52'5 42537 •13160 •C4-2 :3033 •477 3331 4(404 let Ifc 33033 63333 •47633 .57235 1734 9345 «371 .9303 .7733 tr«W«itf M«ntf 37»:: 3363 477(6 4|433 3914 5573 7144 11331 1237 IfWW -c: • -;.: '"•' 36(3' 449: 45746 •31150 So At.B l.iï-i iv' "963 143 (314 ••703 • 4t l"Nf pin S 'test. 33'64 4 694 3094 3 53134 37076 ^»»ç» •640 IS41 457 76.3 1)2)1 S« ii'itC.i'fi,- .67957 -tr 3942 7KX 3979 .1664 3733e 3»4»3 •**- ii: s-c 934 3141 S»- lip«Ç"« 333:5 3«'34 4Î305 35463 31096 ••»••"• ' •>'•••• 33 6039 47 • 172 •154 3667 MM 36'33 721 359C5 -c-ç .c-ç 3 5473 374 9336 O'n. i G •»•. « 3.»:; 31373 3-66 31540 77697 •74: 6 »» .473' .5433 .72307 .37077 .391 .1174 1 339: 41075 .235'5 •334 10 •34(07 4)9.»•6. (431 .34 ; .3067 • 13(3 Ciionc :;•:-» 3)>37 71763 31»4« 333H IX 3«3) 7743 54*3 333C3 .-623 33673 33131 **ci»»i>c«i • 47/ 734 •437 •»••• • "•"
;c«o- J«»tJo—« 37CS. ..313 334(6 7013 3931 S-d A..k>0 3239 3)33 3374 .7464 .70 31473 36 63 11121 1623 )HC ; 2173 7167 .334 •24600 .1111 • 7» 1730 .10 »«-**P-, )l'«l 17637 |c-"-e » •lo»'»"» '67 73 IOC .1'99 .32 .21271 CO'O-B.C COktV^f 7304 7 1)4 HO» (W< J.'i) 3'71J 22124 I • »4 • 374 11724 S 66 11003 2637 .'49 .•39* .9(3 .141 "••«TI-S Mg« M '5974 •1111 .17015 0e« 737 '301 • It 647 1111 .3436; - 19311 31436 33 33 17 .'2.4 3344 -fle-w i-c tndcttit 33301 31363 17936 1311» .14321 .466 .7)9 .17 7 .17 1
(VALUE AS % Of TOTAL MARKET ECONOMY)(VALEUR EN % DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE)
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 191)1 1982 1983 1984 197 J 1976 1977 1978 1979 I960 1981 1962 1963 1984
17 70 93 .6 0 .3 3 04 03 03 03 .0 3 03 .02 .0 1 34 ÏC '4 3( 32 3 4 30 33 .3 .2 3 Al'.qv. in >o'd 0 1 00 .0 0 OC .0 0 •00 .00 .0 1 "••"• ''••• oc*
»-..«.. 74 0 31 1 31* 29 2 30 3 73 ( 313 .77 7 .29 1 .33 7 «»..... 117 •1 4 ' 3 SI 107 '33 .133 .133 .10 73 32 33 30 33 .3 9 .2 2 .2 3 01 C7 • 3 ' 5 1 3 11 .2 1 C»CM 07 04 01 01 07 07 06 06 .0 1 .0 7 «•CAC 04 C4 -. 3 33 07 03 03 .0 3 .0 3 .0)
4... II 1 13 1 II 3 .17 9 .13 7 .'6 1 .166 .161 .17 7 .16 4 ».. l»2 23 4 70 7 70 6 31 1 33 6 31 7 36 3 J* • 310 ••* "» " 'CO (3 .9» .9 1 .13 1 .17 4 .116 .11 3 .116 «6,- 0'»« 02 03 '- 1 04 07 09 0» 06 .0 3 0( 1..., 49 5 .6) 476 46 4 47 1 4( 7 47 1 46 3 43 4 36 2 (..op. 64 6 67 1 67 I It 5 67 1 67 7 37 3 39 6 37 4 32 7 lit 11,., 36 9 33 7 36 7 33 1 315 33 6 414 44 1 43 2 Ill •03 93 93 (6 • 4 5 1. 90 4 4 76 •Ill 34 • 1 43 31 37 ' ' • " " )( 0 3 33 76 .7 3 • 73 .7 6 74 37 .3 4 .3 3 O„o~. 0. 0 '. - ' •0 1 • C3 07 07 .0 1 .0 1 USA fittu.U' 1 (J A- » .« 7< 1 30 3 193 /0 3 133 119 it 3 70) 23 1 «OfrO» JO OUI •1 1 • , :. ,, 14 1 .7 3 70 6 70 1 77 2 77 7 >< 1 '3 3 11 4 109 10 4 46 6( l»5 ne >< 0 • •0 133 7 ) 70 7 2 • 7 3 ' '33 103 10 1 ) 4 3) II '3 71 7 3 • 0 77 77 ) 3 3» 3 7 12 1 1 • 1 3» • 0 3 3 3) 33 36 39 3* L-'J» IXJM Uni 4 A-. 37 33 3 73 37 43 3 1 36 43 4 7 37 3 1 37 33 34 )C 47 • 3 7 3 4 i 43 39 37 3 7 3 1 7 7 3 ) 33 )) 3 1 0 37 4 7 5) 3 / ) 1 3 ' 3 1 30 36 3) .0 3 4 3 J 71 '/76• 71 3 3 24 spo-n t .00-e"' 63 : ) 3» 55 M ' ' '' ;» " MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 19
Table 12*
Imports and exports of other rubber articles (SITC 628) Importations et exportations - Autres ouvrages caoutchouc
IN THOUSAND US DOLLARS - EN MILLIERS DE DOLLARS E.U
couNiufS-riTS IMPOlIS-lwPOtlATiONS | COUNT»ltS-»AYS EXPO'IS-EXPGBIAI ONS
1960 1981 1982 1983 1984 1980 1981 1982 1983 'çe« W«Hd Meta) E(4"4". 3303370 3399778 3030643 7136396 .7373141 icononfct d« Morrh 1(33331 21271(7 2016065 70533C6 30913?*
-•-, , • 5547 Ah» .176445 317341 •174605 .165991 .171616 • 3(70 .3244 .4740 O'IS »„-»t-<. 66064 63130 • 348 .7(503 •63(36 Af.^v* C. N©d 449 673 436 .346 649
„,,„,., .OUI) .34397 .435667 .499437 .649031 -|,ll •161741 .531IK •51(340 .557447 .37;-:- . uêêi; .377354 ••6737 •111331 •130415 .31007 •31(75 • 19343 .17775 •35:33 c»c» 9531 »S«4 .9473 .17937 •13515 •4CAC 611 4(3 .1149 .7701 • 3;:!
.-«;.: •337450 .331566 .375304 .150100 A». 20391 144190 304639 .311774 •33«33' »-l»' .10939 • 137163 .115736 .113954 •107786 M.„. 0.«-t • 2076 •3132 .3094 .1017 .?;:r*
DOUu b)fi )0]42»2 1009736 1013393 1030579 E-op. 13(7630 1231644 113310 1173519 II177Ï) IKIlKl • t - • e 733655 744931 773013 CEE IO.il 990090 9436-j IMA 344393 714371 307113 307165 311535 AU 161996 164215 160791 160773 I7C5
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rîM 37964 3947 31967 36(35 27404 -s--: M«ll« 15(96 12703 11903 10722 il'»» 1731 37661 38649 10530 31379 MaftiM 11331 11920 IMrf^MtoÉ I;I<: 36733 33733 73269 M OAMC C ' M « • 9-t>> • 8924 •12'33 76453 }57tl 36736 779(1 100(0 .12(94 • 3362 .3! 01 .3367 »im t»pwW< i: ; 19M3 33949 31367 N^ywfay-Noclj-» (464 7406 7077 6353 11043 34(09 .29(29 3131 4077 3646 9133 !C71« 30C5S 35706 33376 309(5 20355 '«••e-sc ^«•oo» 6331 4603 3661 5/(0 3-73 .5e 3. •3(339 •74631 .17003 4934 4111 4336 S65C 74349 35909 .166(0 • 11293 2545 1037 3067 376! .-"-r **•"• JC373 '1636 1(346 15(70 13726 Se Afr-x C. 1 -o- . Un 4439 3390 2172 .333E .itr T^-»PU lfc»fcw4<° PWpp ••• 15037 17607 15156 163(7 .6315 1(53 1122 13374 14036 14C56 13060 ;=»-!XI CspO-t. 10(6 1356 •202 971 Hm^hyâiy• 31474 1970C •f!3C ArÇ>»19im> Arf.,...v 1329 1173 «42 "croie »t'»( '3431 154C l«M 1343 336 1C07 11(3 l9TP"Esn>'« 141 .11365 Couo te 164 •74 443 .1706 ('«•IIIÂMIP |i •17134 .17160 .6564 .14649 •76740 '..-t»7 "u'(Jw«« 27J 16! 930 10)6 '•''-'•
flIMI OrtM 13734 '33'3 13339 114(1 12192 •—JJ- 101 726 507 1771 .:!5 11931 13'9I 13(76 11191 14031 Sowd. Aroboa 3(6 «01 2(1 •384 11670 13377 H3(7 10431 Uivrfd Arob Efwratti • 119 .397 • 343 • SU 04]
«.(by A^- J»o«wt» 9714 (640 .137(9 • 3S43 lunii-o 'yMK 404 493 366 372 1034» 9614 11266 '1339 Nnj,r<'N^nO •60 .98 Coio^6^ C>b»b« 9511 113K 10007 (0C7 KtSW», ' < pwtil 311 442 Î27 C*-W c — 1350 13317 • 5007 .11(37 .13720 G««»»'»V09« 361 93 .306 •371 U".>«-d Ar«b f -M**-» i 5904 7943 76(0 .9374 .4671 Lobo-wn L-bttn .366 .'86 •726 vrt7 ''i-^v« 11J39 5374 3015 14073 BerVftf- lo-^.- 263 236 171 • 310 »"•'••* 5110 6301 7910 7193 11334 727 .338 .-.75 i (VALUE AS % OF TOTAL MARKET ECONOMY)(VALEUR EN % DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE) 1975 1976 1977 1976 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1904 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1ÇT<
119 100 10 1 98 (6 • 6 0 il* .86 • 7 8 • 54 04 03 03 0.3 0 4 • 03 .0 1 .0 3 Nor. Air. 33 48 46 39 19 10 16 * ' •3 7 .3 8 Alnqu. dv Nord 00 00 oo 00 00 00 0.0 oc •0.0 ce 164 137 145 31 1 70 3 • 19 6 .23 6 «Il 0 .73 5 • 394 A««,«.„ m 14* 140 33 4 310 .66 • 33 3 «757 •77 2 «1 31 36 31 • 6 7 .9 9 •3] • 3 3 0( 06 07 06 06 • 10 CAO 06 0! * ! 04 06 OJ 04 0.4 •0J .06 • 0 6 MCAC 00 0.0 00 00 00 0.0 00 .0 1 •0 1 .c:
13 1 131 173 • 110 110 • 143 .14 7 .16 7 • 17.7 • 134 A.» 160 136 149 l]( 110 137 16 1 15 1 .152 ,'57 mut» tm •' 3» «( • <9 .4 1 • 4 9 •3 6 •3 7 •5 4 .4 7 B.r- O--»"- 0 1 01 0 1 01 •0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 3 .Cl '• ' 53 0 33 6 34» JJ7 3«9 54 9 44 3 4*7 47.7 442 h-*** 67* 68 8 70 3 43} 631 74 9 3(0 58 7 57 7 !.. tÉC(l4»l 1* 4 40 0 3» 3 116 404 40 3 111 14 1 130 34 0 CEE ID..] 607 57 3 39 3 3] 6 33 9 60 8 46 3 •ce «MA 13.1 11 6 113 10 3 10.7 11.3 •J 10] .7 93 AELE 3.0 91 (7 • 4 (7 99 77 (.0 78 ' t>4~i 3» 14 13 • 3 3 .17 • 3 1 14 40 • 11 • 3 4 OM 0 04 03 0] 03 • 0 3 • 0 3 .0 3 .0 3 ,.:
G«ii.^.i; !«»•-• Ir» 10] 11 7 • M Il « 12.1 17 1 99 H] 11 3 10( JS* Eio'i-U~.d Am. 111 117 1} 31 4 30 0 77 33 6 33 9 23 3 f U$A'Et».v-oî4 -• 1* 3» 3» 10 1 (3 (7 11 3 137 Onnoj .(i->. .p 33 J 11.0 ]3 6 30 7 70 6 77 6 172 1(8 175 77 73 7 3 73 74 77 41 77 67 6 ; JOPO- )OP6" Il 1 17 1 II] 10 5 9 3 11 0 IC3 '00 UM.d iôp* 30 30 31 34 34 47 47 33 1.1 33 96 10 1 Il 1 94 93 te 5 5 33 16 3 7 3 1 3 : 14 42 47 Umwd 4 ^çoe— 110 * 1 9.3 • 1 77 67 67 56 60 r4,4Mrl4.«4-. 94f» 6e. «3 45 47 43 3 3 13 34 32 3 6 J.7 4] 31 35 17 3! 13 1 1 14 14 1 1 11 1J ^.W4î Nnlo 4 7 4] 40 1J 33 3 0 30 30 31 10 1 1 1* 1* • 10 47 • Il •0 1 1( j ! 1 1 1] 17 39 3C 29 14 l^-"»«—-s 1» 17 1* 1* 17 26 l(t^..i.-t^t ]] 14 14 ]• : t 10 17 25 7» ]3 3 4 }J 13 11 15 )]] >] * 1* 09 09 09 10 ] 1 ''"*"'** " U '" MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 20 decorative objects and precision instruments. Tropical wood, often of medium value, that can be peeled is used for plywood and matches. Medium value tropical wood is also used as packaging and a large number of diversified goods (e.g. farming implements, rustic garden furniture and household equipment).
26. A detailed analysis of problems of international trade in forestry products is available in GATT document MDF/W/52, dated 15 August 1986. For example, developing countries' forest resource situation is examined on pages 60-64 of the document.
B. The commercial policy situation
(a) Tariffs
27. Tables 13-16 show the tariff rates (MFN and GSP) of eleven developed country markets with respect to (i) tropical wood in the rough and sawn, (ii) veneer, plywood, etc., (iii) wood articles and (iv) wood furniture.
An overview of the tariff situation
28. In developed countries tropical wood is generally imported free of duty as raw material. With regard to wood products, MFN duties of industrialized countries have been significantly reduced as a result of past multilateral trade negotiations. Most products in CCCN Chapters 44 and 94 (with the exception of certain sensitive items) enjoyed the 50 per cent tariff reduction in the 1964-67 Kennedy Round and the tariff reduction according to a harmonization formula in the 1973-79 Tokyo Round. Further, the GSP introduced by developed countries in the 1970's has covered industrial products extensively, including most wood products, and has eliminated or reduced duties applicable to developing countries in this sector to a large extent.
29. Nordic countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden) and Switzerland now provide developing countries MFN duty-free treatment or unlimited GSP duty-free treatment for all items in CCCN/HS Chapters 44 and 94.
30. The United States also grants such treatment with some exceptions (plywood, not tongued, grooved or rabbetted; certain miscellaneous wood articles). Canadian imports of logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets are granted MFN duty-free treatment. Most other wood products are subject to MFN duties of 4-15 per cent. The Canadian GSP scheme covers all of these wood products at the rates of 0-10.5 per cent.
Source: Pilot study of Markets of High Value Tropical Timber Products in Italy, prepared for the International Tropical Timber Organization by FAO, Yokohama, 25 August 1987. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 21 Table 13
Tropical Wood In the Rooyh and Sawn
United Stacee OZB («11 items)
H.t. Harmonized New Aus- Aust Code commodity Canada Japan EEC trla ralia Mo. description (CCCN)
4403 Wood in the rough, wheth er (4403) or not stripped of bark or (4404) sapwood, or roughly aqua red:
4403.10 -treated with paint, MFN OH 0XP1 0ZB, OXB. OXB 0XP stains, creosote or 2.5XB 3XB10 other preservatlvea
csp OX l.SZ
4403.31 -other,of the following MTU 0ZB 0XP 0XB 0XB OXB OXB tropical woods: —dark rend aerantl, light red aerantl and aerantl bakau
4403.32 —white lauan,white Km OZB 6tP 0ZB OU OXB OXB aerantl,white seraya, yellow aerantl and alan
4403.33 —kc ruing,raaln,kapur, Km 6!B 0ZP 0X1 0ZB OXB OXB teak, Jongkong.aerbau. Jelutong and keapaa
4403.34 —okouaé,obeche,aapelll, Km ôti 0XB 0X8 OXB OXB alpo,acajou d'Afrique, MB aakoré and iroko
4403.3Î — tlaaa.aaaecsia, lloabe ,Km ozi 6tB OU 0XB 0ZB OXB" dlb4tov,llab« and Aio té
(4403.99 -ether XT 0ÏB DIP1 OU OXB CXB CXB —other*
4407 Wood aawn or chipped (44.05) lengthwise,sliced or (44.13) peeled,whether or not (44.28) planed,aanded or finger- jointed,of a thickness exceeding 6 aa:
-of the following tropical woods: 1407.21 —dark red aerantl,light KTN 0X8 0XP ou,.. 0XB OXB OXB. red aerantl,aerantl i 10XIT teak, lozu! bakau,white lauan, 4.9XBJ sin, 30ZU white aerantl,white 15X1- aeraya,yellow aerantl,' alan, kerning, raaln, tap »r. teak,Jongkong,arbau, CSP (5I>2 - 0X3 «7 Jelutong and keape» 10XJ 201 4407.22 —okoumé ,obeche,aapelll, KFN oxu as OXB OXB.4 as alpo,acajou d'Afrique, m above 5XU above aekorc, iroko, t lama, 15X1^ aanaonla, lloaba ,dlbé toi >, CSP 0X as 3 limbe and «lobé 10X above
4407.23 --baboen.mahogany KPN 0X8 OZU aa OXB 5VJ. (Swietanla app), ibove 15U'"3 above labula and balsa 0%. as c£r above 10%3 «07.99 -other(not Including MFN ÛXB- 0XP,1 aa OXB. OXB' ill coniferous) 6.8X8 10XIT above 5XBS I0ZL. --other JOXlT.
CSP 0%8 (5X)2 - 2.5X3 01 20Z' "J- 4 Except for Klrl; Of Lauan, krulng. aeraawa and other dlpterecar paceae family; Planed or sanded; Acajou d'Afrique; Ebony; Exceeding 6 aa thick, planed; Exceeding 6 aa thick, aanded or flnger-Jolned; Treated. Sanded or finger-Jointed. For transmission poles, e.g. for telephone and telegraph lines only. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 22
Table 14*
Veneer, Plywood, etc.
H.S. Harmonized United New Code commodi ty States Canada Japan EEC Aus Aust Zea tria ralia No. description (TSUS) land (CCCN)
4408 Veneer sheets and sheets for (44.05) plywood (whether or not spliced) (44.13) and other wood sawn lengthwise, (44.14) sliced or peeled, whether or (44.28) not planed,sanded or finger- jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm: 4408.20 -of the following tropical woods: 13 4 (TSUS dark red merantl,light red MFN 0ZB 15ZP , 4ZB, 12ZB 30ZB7 9 24002 merantl,white lauan,sipo,limba, 5ZA 4.9ZB, SZU 10ZU , 03 okoumé,obeche,acajou d'Afrique, 6XB 25.5ZU 04 sapelli.baboen,mahogany (Swiecenia spp).palissandre GSP (0Z) OX 6X OZ OZ9. 06) du Brésil and bois de rose (2.5Zr 20Z femelle I 1 4408.90 -other (not including conferous) MFN 0%?14 0ZB 0ZB, 0XB, 12XB 30ZB7 8ZB, 4XB, 5ZU 10ZU9, 15ZP* 4.9XB, 25.5ZU 5ZA 6XB GSP OX 61 OZ OZ9. (2.5Z)* 20X
3 10 4409 Wood (including strips and MFN 0ZB, 0ZB 0ZP, 3XB, 6%B 15ZU 0ZB . (44.09) friezes for parquet flooring. 4.5ZB, 2.5ZB, 4XB ioxy Z (44.13) not assembled) continuously 7.6ZB 7.5ZB. 20XU (44.19) shaped (tongued,grooved,rebated, 10ZIT (44.28) chamfered,V-jointed.beaded, 1?/. moulded,rounded or the like) GSP oz\ (0Z) OX 3% I0X along any of its edges or faces, - 2 1CX whether or not planed,sanded or 1sanded,gr o aved) finger-jointed: ,4409.20 -non-coniferous
A410 Particle board and similar MFN 4ZB 4-9.2ZB 12ZB, 10XB 13ZB 20ZU 20ZU, (44.18) board of wood or other 8ZA ; (44.19) ligneous magerlals.whether or 10ZB not agglomerated with resins GSP OZ 2.5-6Z (01) OX 6.5X 15X 10Z, or other organic binding substances 4410.10 -of wood
4412 Plywood,veneered panels and (4415) similar laminated wood: (4419) -plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood, each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness:
4412.11 —with at least one outer ply MFN 8ZB, 8ZB, 15ZB# 10ZB 18ZB 25XU 30ZU of the following tropical 8/ 9.2ZB 12.5ZA ; woods:dark red merantl,light 20ZB)k red merantl,white lauan, sipo 17.5ZA ; limba,okoumé,obeche.acajou 17ZB* d'Afrique.samelli.baboen, 13.5XA mahogany (Swletenia spp), Palissandre du Brésil or GSF -, 5Z. - (0Z) 9Z 20Z 251 bois de rose famelle i' 6Z 4412.12 --other.with at least one MFN BIB 8ZB, 15ZB 12.5XA,, 10ZB 18XB 2"7.L' '""ÏÔXÙ outer ply of non- (24017) 9.2ZB 17XB 13.5ZA,» coniferous wood (24023) 20ZB 17.5ZA (24025) 8/ GSP -, 5Z, - (0Z) 9Z ir.x 25 8/ 6Z
TSUS 20266; "TSUS 20095; .Except flooring of oak; Sheets for plywood; Of lauan, krulgg, mersawa and other dlpterocar paceae family;. Of laminated lumber; Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood; Tongued, grooved 2.97Kg.»2.3ZB, CSP 0Z. Planed. Drawn wood.' Moulded wood. Beadings and mouldings 7.2ZB. 4.8^. 13 Partially ceiling binding at 4.0%B (not reinforced or backed-), and 3.20/°E (not surface covered or surface covered in such a way as to not obscure the grain). Partially ceiling binding at 3.2%B (other, not surface covered or surface covered in such a way as to not obscure the grain). MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 23
Table 15 Wood Article»*
Ha monl red U.S. United New Code conmtodl ty Canada Japan KEC Zea States tria ralla No. description land (CCCN)
4414.00 Wooden frame for painting,photograph, KFN 6ZB 9.2ZB 6.5ZB. 5. 1ZB 7ZB 15ZU 20ZU (4420) mirrors or similar object* 5.2XA*
CSP OZ U (0Z) OZ 3.5X 10Z 10Z*
4418 Builders' Joinery »nd carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled parquet panel, shingles and*
4418.20 -door MFN 7.5ZB 11.3ZB OZB 6ZB 13ZB 15ZU 25ZU (4423) CSP OZ OZ (OZ) 6.5Z 10Z 10Z*
4418.30 -parquet panels MFN 3.2ZB 5.5ZB 3.9ZB 6ZB 10ZB 15ZU 25ZU (4423) GSP 0Z OZ (0Z) (OZ) 5Z 10Z 10Z
4418.50 -shingles and shake» MFN OZB •DIM 5.8Z8 J4.9ZB 6ZB 15ZU OZP (4428) GSP (OZ) OZ 3Z 10Z
4<.;8.90 -other (TSUS MFN OZB, 4ZB. OZB. 6ZB 9ZB 15ZU 20ZU (416) 20330, 20700, 2560) 5.1Z8 9.2ZB 3.9ZB (4423) 10ZBJ . 1 CSP OZ 2.5Z, (OZ) 1 (OZ) 4.5Z 10Z 10Z 6Z
4419.00 Tableware and kltchenware, of wood MFN 5.1ZB, 9.2ZB 7ZB 3ZB 6ZB 15ZI) 25.5ZU0, (4424) 8.5ZB' 5.6ZA. 30ZU (4427) 5.3ZA 4ZB (4428) 3.2ZA
GSP OZ 6Z (OZ) (OZ) 3Z 10Z 15Z8. 20Z*
4420 Wood marquetry and Inlaid wood; caakets and cases for Jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles, of wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling In Chapter 94,
4420.10 -Statuette and other ornament, of MFN 5.1ZB 9.2ZB 4ZB 6ZB 7ZB 15ZU ozu. (4427) wood 3.2ZA 25.5ZU
CSP OZ 6Z (OZ) OZ 3.5Z 10Z 15Z*
4420.90 -other MFN 3ZB, 11.2ZB 4ZB 6ZB, 10ZB 15ZU 20XU9, (4415) 6.7ZB, 3.2ZA. 10ZB 25.5ZU (4427) 2.2c7kg 20ZU •2.9ZB, 5.1ZB
CSP .,0Z 7Z (OZ) OZ 5Z 10Z if not ml lined with textile fabric i421. 10 Other articles of wood (4428) -clothes hangers MFN 5.1ZB 9.2ZB 5.8ZB 4.9ZB 7ZB 157.U 30ZU*
CSP OZ 6Z (OZ) OZ 3.5Z 10Z | 20Z
•421.90 MFN 0-8ZB, 0-15ZB 5.7ZB4 2.5ZB 6ZB 1SXP' OXP, (4424) 6 2/3ZB,1 4.6ZA , 4.4ZB. IOZU, (4426) lOeV 2 5.8ZB 4.6ZB, 30ZU (4428) gross B 10ZB 4.9ZB, 7.5ZB
CSP exOZ 0-10Z (OZ) OZ 3Z 10X OZ, 20Z
TSUS 20665 certain wood blinds;. 79005 clothespins, spring type; Cellular wood panel; Wood marquetry and Inlaid wood; Kushl, of bamboo; Mat£h splints .07.B not applied; spring rollers or blinds - 153; other - unbound; Forks and spoons; Spoons and forks, wooden trays and fancy bowls. Wooden marquetry and Inlaid wood. MTN.CNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 24
Table 16 Wooden Furniture Note: This table does not show tari :f rates on aircraft furniture. H.S. Haraonlred Hew United : Aus A.u»t- Code comnodity Canada Japan EEC Zea States tria ralla No. description land (CCCN)
9401 Seitf end pert* thereof: MTN 3.4ZB, 15ZB 4.8ZB 5.6ZB 27ZB 30ZU 34ZU, (9401) 5.3ÎB, 3ZA -other seate.wlth wooden fraae 2.SZB 5.ZB, 4.3ZA
9401.61 --upholstered CSP OZ 10Z (0Z) OZ 13.5Z 25Z 22.5Z
9401.69 --other HDI 6.6XB. 4.8ZB 5.6IB 27ZB 30ZU 34ZU 3.4ZB, 15ZB 3.8ZA S.3Z8. 2.5ZB
CSP OZ 4ZA. (0Z) OZ 13.51 25Z 22.5Z 10Z
9401.90 -perte (of vood) MFW 6.6ZB 15ZB 4.8ZB S.6ZB 7ZB 25ZU,1 40ZU 5.3ZB 3.BZA 30ZU
csr OZ 10Z (0Z) OZ 3.5Z 20Z.1 22.5Z 25Z
9403 Other furniture end pert (9403)*
9403.30 -wooden furniture of a kind urn 6.6ZB, 15ZB, 4.8ZB 5.6ZB 27ZB 30ZU5 34ZD used In office 2.5ZB 16.IZB 3.SZA*
CSP OZ 10Z. (0Z> (0Z) 13.5Z 25Z 22.5Z 10.51
9403.40 -wooden furniture of a kind Mm 6.6ZB, 15ZB 4.SZB 5.6ZB 27ZB 30ZU5 34ZU used In the kitchen 2.511 3.BZA
CSP OZ 10Z (OZ) (OZ) 13.SZ 25Z 22.5Z
9403.50 -wooden furniture of a kind MFN 6.6ZB, 15ZB, 4.8ZB 5.6ZB 27ZB 30ZU5 34ZU uned in the bedrooei 2.5ZB I5.3ZB 3.SZA
CSP OZ 10Z (0Z) (OZ) 13.5Z 25Z 22.5Z
3 9403.60 -other wooden furniture MFN 6.6ZB, 15ZB IB 5.6ZB 27ZB 30ZU 34ZU 3 2.5ZB 3.2XA, 4. 8 IB 3.8ZA*
CSP OZ 10% (0Z) (0Z) 13.51 25Z 22.5Z
9403.90 -parts (of wood) MFN 5.3ZB, 15ZB 4.8ZB 5.6ZB 23ZB 30ZU 34ZU (TSUS) 3.8ZA (72715) (72740) CSP OZ 10Z (0Z) (OZ) 11.5Z 25Z 22.5Z
For vehicle. Covered with leather. Shelved furniture (excluding cupboerd and booVcases) designed to be hung, to be fixed to the well or tc atend one on the other. 4 Church pews, MFN rate bound at 42.5 per cent except for tray mobiles, trolleys and the like. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 25
31. With respect to all items in Chapters 44 and 94 Japan provides developing countries MFN or GSP duty-free treatment, with the exception that plywood is dutiable on an MFN basis and that GSP rates on certain sawn tropical woods (lauan, etc.,) and sheets for plywood are positive at one-half of corresponding MFN rates. Japan's GSP on wood products are subject to different types of ceiling limitations and maximum country amounts as indicated in Table 17. Japan has made significant MFN duty reductions and GSP improvements following the 1982-84 consultations on tropical products.
32. The EEC also provides developing countries MFN or GSP duty-free treatment except for planed or sanded sawn tropical wood. However, GSP imports of some sensitive items are subject to quota/ceiling limitations (see Table 18 for details) Romania is excluded from the application of GSP on certain wood items. The Republic of Korea is no longer a beneficiary of the EEC GSP scheme since 1988.
33. In Austria rough and sawn wood except planed or sanded sawn wood has been granted MFN or GSP duty-free treatment. Wood products are subject to MFN duties of 6-18 per cent and wood furniture, MFN duties of 7-27 per cent. All wood products have been covered by GSP at one-half of corresponding MFN rates.
34. In Australia rough and sawn wood (except planed or sanded sawn wood) as well as veneer sheets have been granted MFN or GSP duty-free treatment. MFN duties on other wood products range between 15 per cent and 30 per cent (mostly unbound). The Australian GSP scheme covers all of these wood products. GSP rates of Australia are uniformly 5 percentage points less than corresponding MFN rates. If MFN rates are reduced, GSP rates will be automatically reduced.
35. In New Zealand rough and sawn wood (except sanded or finger-joined sawn wood) have been granted MFN duty-free treatment. MFN duties on most wood products range between 10 per cent and 40 per cent (mostly unbound) . The New Zealand GSP scheme covers all wood products at 0-25 per cent.
(b) Non-tariff measures
36. Apart from quotas maintained by Denmark (EEC) on imports of wooden seats and wooden furniture from the Republic of Korea, only New Zealand maintains some non-tariff measures on products in this category. Recently liberalized products, i.e. exempt from licensing, include plywood, laminated wood, veneer sheets and sheets for plywood, shaped wood (excluding balsawood), wooden cases, wooden frames, and builders carpentry and joining (L/5640/Add.18/Supp.1) . Remaining products are subject to automatic licensing (licence on demand): fibreboard (CCCN ex 4419, HS4411) and wooden headings and mouldings (CCCN ex 4419, HS 4409).other articles of wood (CCCN ex 4428, HS ex 4421.90 etc.), and household utensils (CCCN ex 4424, HS ex 4419.00 and ex 4421.90). Wood shingles (CCCN 4428, HS 4418.50) are still subject to basic import licences. (Import Licensing Schedule 1987) MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 26
Table 17
Japan's quantitative limitations for GSP application (FY 1987)
M - Monthly control D - Daily control. Flexible administration • imports under GSP are allowed to continue after quantitative limitations have been reached unless a particular decision is taken to discontinue GSP application.
Flexible Flexible Ceiling Tariff Nos. Control admin. admin, of quotas by CSP (CCCN)/ of of maximum country value Cat. description ceilings ceilings amounts (1,000 yen)
47 44.03-2 M 0 1,109,989 Of Klrl (genus Paulownia) (non tropical)
48 44.04-2, 44.05-2 M 1,901,260 and 44.13-2
49 44.05-4 M 0 5.244,748 Of Lauan, Kruing, Mersawa and other Dipterocar paceae family (GSP- 1/2 of MFN)
50 44.09-2 D 4,017 Drawn of bamboo
44.28-5-(2) Skewers of bamboo
51 44.14-2 Sheets for M 0 978,499 plywood (GSP- 1/2 of MFN)
52 44.14 (other than M 0 0 1,253,478 44.14-2)
53 44.15 M 0 624,092
54 44.11 and 44. 18 M 0 0 591,339
55 ex 44.23 Transom M 0 5.755,764
56 44.24 Warlbashl D 1,222,760 (disposable wooden chopsticks)
57 Goods in Chapter 44 M 0 20,078,038 not referred to above
140 Chapter 94 other M 25,646,465 than 94.01-3 and 94.03-3 (other than of base metal or No.94.04-1). - L .il» 11- 1M EEC - CSP Quotas and Ceilings on Sensitive Wood Items
Community tariff quotas Ceilings
Individual ceil Combined Initial share of Description ln.ltn.1u.il ing for countries Nomenclature Beneficiary Amount of quota amounts Amount of or territories code countnet or first tranche allocated to territories amount Member States
4411 Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous ma Brazil 4000 000 3 200 000 BNL 320 000 800 000 6 000 000 () terials whether or not bonded with resins or ECU ECU DK 147 200 ECU ECU other organic substances D 777 600 GR 60 800 E 188 800 F 569 600 1RL 28 800 1 480 000 P 48 000 UK 579 200
4412 Plywood, veneered panels and similar lami Brazil 86 000 m' 84 750 mJ BNL 3 730m' 1 250 m' 86 000 m' () nated wood Indonesia DK 5 000 m» 1 4420 90 10 Wood marquetry and inlaid wood Malaysia D 6 520 m Philippines GR 160 m' Singapore E 1770 m' F 250 m' 1RI. I7l0m> 1 730 m' P 130m' UK 64 750 m'
4418 1000 Builders'joinery and carpentry of wood, in 8 850 000 441820 00 cluding cellular wood panels ECU 4418 30 10 4418 30 90 441840 00 4418 90 00
9403 10 10 9403 40 00 Other furniture and pans thereof 5 500 000 9403 10 51 9403 50 00 ECU 9403 10 59 9403 60 10 9403 10 91 9403 60 30 9403 10 93 9403 60 90 9403 10 99 9403 70 90 9403 20 9! 9403 80 00 9403 20 99 9403 90 10 9403 30 11 9403 90 30 9403 30 19 9403 90 90 9403 30 91 (') 9403 3099 GSP not applicable to Romania Source: EC Official Journal L 350 - 12.12.8/ MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 28
37. The construction industry and the wood processing industry are the users of wood and wood products: domestic building techniques and regulations necessarily influence buying patterns. Technical standards for the use of wood products, which differ substantially from import market to import market, and phytosanitary measures to control insect pests may create obstacles to trade (cf. MDF/W/52, "Problems of International Trade in Forestry Products", 15 August 1986).
C. Trade flows*
38. Tables 19-24 show main importing and exporting countries and their imports and exports in 1980-1984 with respect to the following six categories of products:
Total of market economy countries (not including Taiwan Province)
Exports (1984) Imports (1984) US$ Million
(i) Rough and roughly squared wood 4,725 5,244 (logs) (ii) Sawn wood 9,580 10,894 (iii) Veneers 771 780 (iv) Plywood 1,562 1,907 (v) Wood articles 2,720 3,149 (vi) Furnitureând parts, of all 9,526 11,521 materials
only a minor part is of wooden furniture.
39. Among the exporting countries of logs listed in Table 19, main exporting countries of tropical wood include Malaysia, Indonesia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Philippines, Burma, Papua New Guinea, Congo and Cameroon. By far the largest market for logs is Japan, followed by EEC, Republic of Korea, Taiwan Province (China), Canada, Austria, Hong Kong, United States, Singapore, Thailand, Egypt, Finland, Morocco, Israel, Sweden, Algeria and Switzerland.
40. Among the exporting countries of sawn wood listed in Table 20, main exporting countries of tropical sawn wood include Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Côte d'Ivoire, Burma and Honduras. Main markets for sawn wood include EEC, United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Algeria, Taiwan Province (Chine), Switzerland, Singapore, Austria and Norway.
41. Among the exporting countries of veneers listed in Table 21, main exporting countries of tropical wood veneers include Brazil, Malaysia, Thailand, Congo, Indonesia, Philippines, Côte d'Ivoire and Singapore. Main markets for veneers include EEC, United States, Japan, Canada, Sweden, Austria, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, Australia, Singapore and Tunisia. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 29 Table 19
Imports and Exports of Rough and Roughl> Squared Wood (logs)
SITC: 247 CCCN: 4403, 4404 HS: 4403
IN THOUSAND U.$ DOUAIS •' EN MJU1MS Df DOUAtS IV
(VAIUE AS H O» TOTAl MAggjT ICONOMT)(VAUU« EM % DU TOT Ai MS ECONOMIES DE MAICMI)
197» 197* 1977 1971 1979 19»0 1911 1912 19(3 19t4 197 J 1976 1977 1971 1979 1910 I9»l 1987 I9»3 1984 Uk. IJ •J u IJ W»a UJ m III •Ml .IX 0» U o.j 00 •CO .0 0 f i I y.i 1J J.l J.l II ij • 1.» •JJ •u •J 1 •J 1 in J»0 J00 JIJ X.J .17) JIJ •J 0J 04 •4 04 •04 0J •OJ • 0 4 •O.J . . , ,, 0J ' 01 0» )>) ))1>4 ))) 104 100 ,, MC dr-l MM 10.» If.» 10 4 10.1 CtllCul 10 i) • 1 4) 1 1 l»1» 1J J J 4] Jl <>> 10 J» Alii >• 40 1 ) ) • • 0 IJ >> '• ' ' '• »• •• • • ) • > )• o._ 0 1 I.I 0 1 •CO .CO .0 0 •0 0 .0 0 o>~-. 11 • 1 1J .)! >—*•'***• ».» Ml )>4 J»0 440 l»l M 1 » J >»> MJ -,- _ L -a I1J 1» 1 UJ l»J J00 :»• 1)1 H4 .)) 1 .))) J.l • 1 »J 10.» 10 1 • 1 10 ' • 0 1 • II l/»A. 1 •••.-«—, 4 A — JOI M J 11 1 IS) 1» IJ J It IJ »0 > 1 • 0 t.4 M It.) >»» JJ» »»Jl )I )• > >>) 4J 44 11 40 4 J Jl 4 J 0» »J JO :•)0) )) ; ' » FMM « •J O JJ J.J 4 J 40 J J IJ JJ J» » J IJ IJ 1) 1) IJ tn>«'M«lw 1* 00 IJ IJ Clin JJ JJ )0 )1)1 l^/lni » 1 J.l )e IJ I.J • J 1 0 C—m IJ IJ IJ 00 • 1>0 ) U )0) J» •4 IJ ij IJ 00 00 •0) •0J IJ IJ 1 ) 11 IJ IJ 14 10 (X'W •J 01 0J 0» 04 J) 14 J.l NMMl • » oo • 1 0» e» 0» 00 •MM— •' .0 JJ ) J : i '' ' ' ,J .10 x • estimates Source of Tables 19-24; UN 1984 International Trade Statistics Yearbook - Volume These Tables do not include East Europe, China and Taiwan Province (China) MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 30 Table 20
Imports and Exports of Sawn Wood*
SITC: 248 CCCN: 4405, 4407, 4413 HS: 4406-4408, 4409.20
IN THOUSAND U.S. DOUAIS f N MIUIERS DE DOUAIS I.U
COu"«l«»ï5-»ATS -«OUS- >«>0»'1»0
74)4?» •04033 73»; » I •sn» ••• ..'«•HI •330(47 • 74013 «33331 «•6316 177011 •37»7I •)4<74| .707! .6» • 104*
.?«!33o; «3?74l( •7173414 I • 317131» I •1400»7» 441147, 3»0»3] 03074)4 .4)4455) .467440» iIMW .11003 • 144113 •10». • 34471 447**3I )73K4 .314.44 .74003 >)34»54 75» 1477 '077 .Ill «C«C 7037 I 177*3 443** 1417) 1)1744 I mTtmTHt • 1713301 .1131703 .110-33 1377(3 •73774» ••141414 •111343 .»: -; •4073(3 • 314IU .41731] •3073«l .7347 •HIT) • 144?) nulla 3433410 4M«4C 3:3:101 31'**.4 474707'I 35467 31)177» HI II U3404? 443407» ; tiCl') 70)7147 413147 4147141 447441 Cll C . •»37 S71)( 57745 14)1** 34471* 433040 33337 14073 Ill 3713147 I ' 111» 714)14 1 134(141 3315406 »«103' 37130»' J» 147 I .317771 .703:3» .37:31 • 74)007 »07»3
•Ji »•»•• U—4~44». : 30.000 llOJ7l| •7«407 710774C :iu;i 71104 3410371 34-7it 1)131?) 1144477 H1417S 1340734 '4 30(4 TK741 I 3514013 104377 11(73)4 1441775 1074314 •7»llf 77141 I 134700 '04034»! 1031770 i ao: «47134 7117 «1K14 7W41 1)10434, »153)0 7O4034 71*1)1 i??»)5)1 7|4|C< »303lt 14144»; (07441 t'7«3t I •44**?? • 34754 1 ••o-«tI 3M4.3» 3<3O70 44474, 173» •414)4 «7401? 4374 441771 ! 37100»> 7(»3?» 337771 4033 10074 141157 371471 70131» 304 : ?»»»7»l 4)»« | 114030 373133 IJ434» 7454«7 I 1035) 14317» 17M45 •3**4? 343733 77114J7 .111404 •710351 11147-, 71003 1115) 114071 07777 1471(3 777K» 707031 •JO'431 •33'43 11053; 171117 15»»'I •4)171 11413}
:i5: ; 337314 13377 I4»t! :.:.=: 733303 7174» 771415 3303 .3175C3 ; at: 77341 114330 174003, 34143 371)1' 17111» 1)137 147(4? IVI: 17411 173M0 717117 I • 17M4 11'71» 113?4t 17)740 i4o: •131)11 30»0)l 703**1 1113»» 17*10» j •***'7 •Tit) (3453 7344? 440: 7444 10744 111447 704»} I (4477 71)54 «4103 7471* 1M7M 13301: 17714' 370(7 «4140 «4113 71344 IS» JO J 140313 nnoo 117141 «« Ce* C***"*. •107334 «11?» I))** •10I0<« l?41(l 117474 '0433' i "300(7 4(173 «377 3401? «34)0 1M017 »»717 10341»i '0314 .34077 1 .4770 •40111 .40337 •)l«37 11)?)' 103447 703'»: 447(7 (7741 «707 4474* 5574 541»
'•703 1417 7"«- • .:c;.; 'M733 137 • 1(4)) O0717 .(7111 • 133}} .3037 • 10734 .3771» •43U3 40771; 14313 344» 40*45 34375 i***>c iwli-ii 3»071 «11311 4'331 79041 74101 471*3 •30»30 ?**i? 3113 44U1 44«<0> »3t;; .:.. Ic.tJ • 731» 4l«l] I'll) 1»37« 33447 ni40 31713 4443C .(lie 4407, MMI Jl») 1000 • 1473» m» 74113 •7)711 «111 .17054 .«•44 • 4145 •510» ...III L4•• »•* m* •'' "i* 7)7»! 73333 34173 • M5«« 17103 1 77403 1 3155* 77715 70447 37073 • J: ' 34**3 35377 3? 14) 36071: ]1«l( 3450 7)5]) 3105 )• tîCammlt- 77437 41103 34744 •7»714 344»»1 714?; 17141 74334 :«:•• .. »e .»t l — wi •M55 43313 •40417 .1101 71447 7130 .'4744 ..l»t .'53-.0
47313 33437 4»:]] 54374 ])334! s.ll 5473 »««« 74637 40431 311I0 .7713 51 «53 3047 I I 177U! 1)035 13)35 <0O64 i • MO? 7144* 3t47 3»434 34041 5 » T. :..»-. j. 1040» 471* 3447 .304(4 •3164! I .It 4<41 30717 31'34 •3«3<« 3» »J4J4 W.M 37016 1441? 11113 13460 i)34« 10073 •15331 1717] 47713 •-» ••"« 1'14) '313) 1(7») .60316 34333 .'til. .33O0I '«54»' •4?4( '7014 '137 44»»7 31144 )'3?0l )»4«1 .3090* • KIM • 11(44 • 1070 • 5377 M» eu.—< •» el) •«3333 •13747 •4 17711 OKI: U71I IS?' '0774 7770» I0»]« •3)4? • 1471 •1134 •403101 .3373 1144 1 13734 '3047 •]10 .10437 71773 1))?» 7734 17»]| 47473 14135 11333 • 746
,'••• J»****. 111(7 73070 74437 3«4?: I 1744 Ixttr '.,.-. • 4«(« 7077 '310 '430 • ((7 31341 1074 70»]) I 7741 753' i • H134 .77?» .4443 • •333 •1414] ••34 .570 5t)« 7114 10033 17345 0-4- 703» 11300 73471 337t» 74»07 .1075? •Mil .71(6 • 470} i^«.- Sow." 34374 .10»:; .105 4 3773 5»3» 17(1 31713 13713 1300 13714 ')0'3 1341} 570 471? • )»»4)3•0 .5)1>»?) 11404 14733 14107 13330 10331 lUM • 3174 • 10740 • 73 .030 13101 1107 •10440 .1377 114» • 1414 • 4(11 .3643 NMM 73313 17473 131»» 711] »34l l-m i .17?] • 4003 .365» • 7301 .31)3 •341 17111 70137 57»t 516! .1413 • 33)3 • 347 • 170? ftum ^.» Or..* U*.*** 4>eb tM»HI M«t<» M«a4»tf4 (VALUE AS % OF TOTAL MARKET ECONOMY)(VALEUR EN % DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE) 197 J 1926 1977 1978 1979 1980 191 1982 1963 1984 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 I960 1981 1982 1983 1984 40 IJ 3.1 7.3 7-3 .3.4 ' • 3 5 «4 «M ?» IJ I IJ 1.4 •30 .70 M. Al,. 31 11 ).53( 4.7 3.7 «.4 1.3 1} .4 71 .5 0 mmtmmtVm 00 0.0 0.0 00 .00 .00 •00 .0 0 .0 0 00
73 1 14 1 17 J 33 1 17J .101 .347 .73» • 30 1 •31 3 «-..«4.. 41.3 431 45 4 463 44» 403 43 J .43» .4»! .41 • 3.3 1.0 1} IJ • 11 • 1.» • 1.4 .01 .0) 4.0 3 3 7 4 H 4 0 4.1 .37 •17 t»c» 01 00 0.1 0.0 0.0 00 0.0 00 .00 .00 »C»C 13 01 0» ).0.7) 04 0.3 03 04 .)0«4 .06
«k u.i 13. 11? • 11.4 .14.1 • Il J • 13 J • 11.4 .10 .14.7 »... 10.3 !?.( 11.0 11J •30 13 J 11.» •4( • 1)3 • 111 • mm Un 33 •' 4» .14 >)* .3.1 .3 4 .31 .37 .41 •>.,.. o.«- 0.7 0.) 03 •0? .0) .03 .03 04 .0) •0? I...P. 33» 34) 3? 3 4M 3)1 560 304 «J 441 46 0 l-o». 44.7 41.» 41.0 ).( 310 43.0 1.) )»0 ))» 34 7 IIC"..) 4») 310 446 44.) 47 1 4.l 41.) 413 40.1 Cil I0..I 7.7 17 1 3» 1) 4) 111» 33 30 3 1 1.1 1.) 1* 4.1 1» )4 36 4(11 14 > 11.4 303 10 0 3»4 11? Ml 34 17)•1 71)
o..-. 10 14 1 1 ? .17 .17 41.3 .37 • <( .7 3 o...-. 07 34 07 06 07 .0 10 <0 • 0» .0» U34 l»».t-U»t4AM4' 1)7 10 13 1 )?J 11.7 1)3 1(7 It 1). 77 0 Canaa 35 3 3» 6 ))• 13 3 3 6 74) 71» M0 )6 )51 14* 14) 111 10 7 107 10 4 I'l 11) 1? 1 17» 13) 11) 11) 1)5 1) > 1) (.? 7.4 • 7 10) 1? 03. I»«»t-U~.« »•.. • 0 • 1 «4 10» 10? » 0 4? 103 (4 7.1 (5 • 3 1? 1 10? • 3 ? 5 0. ~^T 1.,,. 1.6 ?( (.7 I( • >J () • ( 1* «3 37 3.1 • 1 14 70 ..,,. "m-\« • 3 (( 4( »; 7) 3» )4 4? •17 i.-,«4M, 44 3) 31 4) 11 3 ' 4 0 14 7.3 )) 11 t» ?» 70 • -<.H«-4. '..r, («M 1.) 7.0 11 »? • 0 33 4.7 4) 37 )4 71 33 77 77 7 4 7? ? 1 «4lw^- U.l 1 1 • * 1? 13 3) 14 14 1 1 3 » 7? 1.4 74 )•>,,<»»'• \ «J*** i, 7? )1)0 11 31 ? 1 70 1 7 '•^"»»r^. 17 11 0« 1 ! 11 77 • 1 » 73 1 ? 1.7 1) 1 » 3 3 II • 7 4 l"* "•"• 0.) 1.) 11 0» VI IJ 3.0 70 •17 .70 G.--.-T'»»» !.. 77 71 1) 1 ' 1 7 1.» 30 " MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 31 Table 21
Imports and exports of veneer sheets and sheets for plywood*
SITC: 634.1 CCCN: 4414 HS: 4408
IN THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS f N MILLIERS DE DOUARS E.U
COUNltlli-PATl «»091S - -M»0'A'lO"S | (OuNnm-»ATt I •vont - Î«K»!AHONS
1980. 198) 1982 1983 j 1984 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
W«.I4 ••€' IL • 03'MJ «Î430.«' 7337»» | WWI "4331 ><•:-». M .770674
Dw 13'47 MI:, .77753 .7IC74 »4>M •77414 •4010 .14747 •41423 .aie:» 340 .«»•:• «;-: .'337c .VC«e- '*-4_,4.VM 3007 1074 404 .3471 .'**l9 ••«1701 ! .'•»«» .l|'777 .1046 » ,m 314343 •330642 a2313il .231733 WM1 .4043, .'«MO1 at»)'.»1 P'1J4 »iA. 5447 alill» •4«»23 •14962 13 771 iOll .11»0 .1441 '•' •f| •"• ' •c»c 14444; ' nooo' •3«7K t4?lJ 4C«3 44 101740 104431 104737 • 117M3 •11204 f)'i •m"îi é]!f • !»«< .;<4i «•«.-0-4- >7«4i •aie .141 •174C 3233 M(1N sen. u-|) 43430C 4)329! fâ. 4113 147034 7437» 10410 1 )4ll IK Ha. S!)5" :-»s»37, l4l'W îtl'17 MC4! a; C. 144114 133437 3111»4 23aei: 7792I7 I'l» 0AJ7. »4>c ' ;«•• "29 '«•3: 4«.! 17371 477}» 43701 411)6 493» HIH: iSXtl 't!'! .'1**1 .'74f C^.... .304 3411 • 477»
IIMM: »111» 411K '4C107 •l«t .'14 I•. t-.~i » «•• 133)034 ••on 101114 «4476 UiA'»ati-Jni rt>-«. 10174» . • l»l)7 1 «4471 'M413 14*447 Ga-w^T **44r4< »•» 13310 • 1311 it!:; • 14M •9107 •004 )70t ; 4046 4 111» 447C 7717 740)0 »4 10 96713 U« 7111» lfe4»4 KM»" 4 7 31 4)31 HI'S 44041 43141 13441 4t7»4 44763 1423 «7144, 412i»l 4311: 34734 37114 It ».fc^-i»i| 4j4.ii» 3003* 1374 33739 36366 13307 7KJ' 3063 j 3IU4 31433 31 4 41093 331» 3144 33»02 17147 11104 • 37317 , 337I4 40473 if 71» 4447 3»»7» 39737 21043 fcataaai0. ' Ray —I U**4 »»!•« TCMdl »y1 It 4431 :mi> 3CC3I 31414 :-3i: 14310 3410 •1.2»4 32111 33i7»; 3137' 333 • 3'33t 137 J3»31 !•«:' 31 111 i»:t I3n>. '434Î 7477 3M4 • K*n 11**4 30347 27170 ,'7347 HIT* JO'»?' .-e.j .'09 i b-4» 10331 a} 1430 t301M • fix .'»23 n»>»i 10107 3»4»4 X .71* »•«•. K4 -4J«-»M 1747 7243 •<())] 37133' •••)• •T74 3005 «<:: '•<•: 'Ian « m»' 1337] 13014 33343 :•!•.» i: i •V3 70' 7M4C '4(11 11391 IJ177 •3134 •-J' ••J!' 1703 3'71 '!;»• :;it a::: •33)1 111»! in»i 7043 13>> ::•« •! « »413 it»»: t.'i: i n :i)i« 141* «4-^-^ • 1344* ..it ',:• - i •nn 1301 •no' 3X7 1 nai I 1 '»»»• 43* »14 )0»1 • •M» ItU, •449 j '4474 '7444 ««3 44*4 43** »111 toi»: '•72 <»•»: wo' '773 KiS It 1 ...:.... c»»-i- 42S343 mo «170 »»03l 1173 . -39t 111.34 •. «•.:• Jlii 4147 4M .tf w* 7104 7»»4 713» 11636 1476 .1711 | J4'C' MM 434' 1114* »44 »341 •417 • 247 117431 7114 ' 1 (3 • 7133 .474 N4-^^444J| ftji lei 1M73 IIIJ» 7371 7726 7641
•«;• 7-ltl 1359 7I3C '043 10404 •004 • 172 •623 •C'S >u» 1334 7»i 34' tbaASMa 14713 »4l 413 1»'3 .'C932 3a 4.fntC«tt4 l U- »S»S <7K; «111 .3114 • 1471 »40» 703» 7493 7333 698« »l •«Oil .714C 1 .1043 7W1 alio 1(14 3»42 34 ' «:»» :»7i .4407 .411» S« A-4* C.i.a^t U. 4774 7733 2717 124»» .94» •';) DM! MM W" • 3411 .770* .144» .4073 Ô493 Jj<; 3«!.€; 7:: 4«S» Gtts- .;-. 174C 140C 213» . (26 '"* 4011 N.. 1 I'K lut> 276'. 3'0C 3731 •V. «a». 7403 34 .4473 .6.7 1747 7UC, >'•;} I'.s 7447 > 3400 la-t !••» .1443 •37(0 •:.»3 •»•• •K4 •I'll .7441 .2123 .471 • II» .1703 .7447 .1341 344 >3H3 .•13 • 4 )' C»»™ Own JW :»< »»: 30C5 •K4 »»} '4 4 ic 2133 • 7794 IS). 3>a: 1! 1 ••• 431 1104 M34 .7747 • :o«3 .?•»• • •73c • 737 !«1 •07 • 3676 at» a«9 .7 .3 .«. «t »Oi • 114 I4Ç7 711 : 7'7• » I»J: ''«I 34 :3. 7« Sa.o «-.a-. A4| 174 ::c • 760» .6 .44". j .733 • 11(4 • 4SI .4.4 **a-aj»«4 «••»•*•# « ' ** -s; '•'•' '"••"••" .1096 .11* - 4 .;>; .'Ml ' .W Cra 1 te '44 1011 •ti • 11(4 • ;-; •44. •1- J4 .73»! .1441 • 474 .1471 ••60 • 711 :•' 174 •>• i 1»C| i.: 2 U7 43» M 314 •»'• 743 ;»c 177 i4 .717 .714 .«17 • 3c-: • '<• 17731 i .:t .1!« IM •7143 1032 13» 5a( 364 «X, >T3 .11. -'- 'tfl -•«["• 'OU. •4313 .47' .74 I3>» 413 v>);•t 9 3 41 < C«444« C44CN4W 111 314 71 103 7» 430 TO»! .431 •jrs .440 .i--a't Atifafct 311 474 7»» »}) 363 1340' 73 i.t 114 i a»; "e-"»f •to-.tft. HI • 07 177 i7e 707 .4'. '!'!. .2!» .4. >-c-(4V, 407 • W 3» 4? 1
(VALUE AS % OF TOTAL MARKET ECONOMY)( VALEUR EN % DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE)*
1975il97él 1977! 197e! 1979 980' 1981 | 1982 | 1983' 1984 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 19831 1984 3 1 ;/ 79 It 1» 17 .3» .3 6 »•.«.. 34 4 0 11 67 47 at J • 10 .1 7 al 7 "] 1 ••'! 1», a i»l i ' F . ! ' • i 76 ..»! .7 7 ''9->-••>• 01 07 02 01 03 07 0 1 01 .ni : 3 70 0| n .0»' ». a • 43 .!•:• ..?»' 73» .74 S 4". .... ]0( 3«7 79 1 303 X4 316 .10.7 • 30 9 • 13 7 .3.6 7C1 i / 3, 7 > 31 •4) . 1 42 7 3 1) 37 «7 .7.0 .6 2! .-? . : 1 l-Cv. 1( •'-' •< '• ' ' .){ • '-(» 03 03 01 0 1 07 0 1 0.1 0 1 • 07 .0 7 "•1 j.. . j 7 j ,t i 37l I 1 •t, 34 || -.. • 3 H3 13 1 110 132 11 3 14 t '3 7 .'• • 7 7 "1 • • ' ->..« '. • CO 00 00 .0 1 .0 3 .0» .'1 ' .0? .C-7 ' 0 7
y. k J »• ; 716 41 74- il'. 37 0 lia 31» 33 4 11 1 44 2 44 7 .0 | .. 6 a'?' 4' ' -63 'M 1.144 110 I }\ 50 ' 0 1 4)7 I .< 3 • 3 3 4)6 47 4 410 401 31 3 33 t 37 7 39» •»»l 1 • 1 > .91 • 1 I 1 •Il.!•';l . to 3» «C 4 1 47 63 44 63 6C 64 1 ».' ?• •» i >; 4 •t ", . .1 77 ;..,-. 04 04 04 •01 •04 • 0 4 0. 06 04 .36
Of -J»y 'r(».B kt, ...! »i ." J ti .01 , , ».! ... » 1 via tt-i j- i» at- 133 10 I, • 3 4 1)3 13 6 1)0 17 7 73 US* fHlU ltl«l •• i : i / » fia •• 11»»».a a.» la I 14 7 11* 14 3 11* 17 3 l.4J | 7t ;,, 11 "1 3« 17* 13 4 17 4 • 6 100 17.1 7 3 »• 11 03 10 3 7» 'I' « 1 11 1)1 so 1 ' 3* lOt 10 7 • » f4i .41 I» '.4 '.€• •CI 1» • 7 30 31 30 11 1* 13 4) ! 1 " 3' ' ? ?. 4) 4 1 42 37 1) 11 30 10 431 W '7 >c 1 1 t) 41 1»»•. ' "I "l ! at 1 1 at, )4 • 1 i: 4» 77 70 1/ 3» 3 1 '« i-V* •— -• 3? 7C > ' 34 1) 3 I 1» 14 ! .19 ••l ••a»-.. 71 37 )4•7 " ' ' ** 'r 1 '•• 1 i ' i.r.1 . MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rey.1 Page 32
Table 22
Imports and Exports of Plywood SITC: 634.2 CCCN: ex 4415 HS: ex 4412
IN THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS IN MILLIERS DE DOLLARS E U
COUNT!tfS-A>S wfons- >MOII i IONS (.Polls - HPOITl.oî 1980 1961 1982 1983 198 :980| 1981 1982 1983 • 964*
• 1901516 6WMMI4.1TM 714.7'j ••39112 1351194 '71007 .1563012*
.•3504 .; 13633 ••9013 •103933 .3/203 • /3V* 1 44(04 4/J43 ..:.! ! 27112 31019 6590J 33713 .63515 •3111 H4«! '104 •"I •'. •te; •393011 .577155 .619640 .133401 •14 3C3S •3042(41 .13324* .7C49C5 .24426 .5937 .3411 .9157 .431 05.A, U»!5 | • 391* AllSl .5592 .171 •M •33 CC .147 •111
.14117 .423401 .553930 .112113 •419711 .17.6., 9»J5>. ; 139:44 • Vl4>4 • 1413.-7 .113913 •241499 .341C .71493 •7030A" •1492» • us;t| .212» •10537 .3119
•34 139 «60116 •11122 •1.3.3 141 14 | 4/4037 11511 4I33O0 A09360 731143 IK (If! 916>i7 •3A117 71(1.1 Cll :t . 2Alt.»9| 1341 I6I23C 131173 147110 974C4 13355 9U2A 92935 Aflf 1'4GC2| 37l»24 24941 73441 34-243
.21547 •33397 .33597 • AltOS •3A051 • 1743 | 1493 1201 .10170 .•372
JiA f»i|-U'ldw 300306 339111 494431 47MJC 55371j <4I]A .14214 4(5414 •41!7»0 34675 797774 23<9AS 291111 235129 .0379 I 23734 23107 27150 229411 CW,"""» ' . We it; Lit: 111391 IA15I9 135A! s::;e 3043 6' 322726 '40371 49519 41743 »e«'.>t»'.l'« »: • I -• 204(30 IHIlt I40*t( 150351 IA01O5 I***5A! 135. 43111 '•144 13370 1037» '751/1 .190337 .3164; I7»»0 •I.'lOl 11717 93173 -.êe-S I017A9 11J17I • ;•;• 7311 HC5 11721». 112111 v»079 • C7I3A 7C774 73**/ 71110 • is: 5222 1111"' 110041 00544 '1007 . I: ' 1633 047l 77194 •9212 10411 11011*) 110*** 4491 '1312 .47(30 54114 71413 70970 10609 5430 •9i;ii 71043 40174 54092 7139» 31411 2043 41021 17717 1110 MC30 12344
all A3O30 1A011 .:••: 17.3 | Hill 2111 :..i 2310 3714 »lt07 45311 4124 45090 .5.-.: 23423 7J**0 .2105* •173 .^-»: A»** f •»••• • S0303 .••:: .951 37323 202::.:7 32411 .2017 .30713 •35e[l .34- ..7973 .2339» ..<• : 17174 21030 :.'!.1320: '2424 • 11411 ln» t 13397 :rt: • '.3093 1470! 2454 mil ' I4MC 31(5* 2441 AMtU >»"A».»-.• . : -.! 390/ 30»/ 2159 .3121. I13M •27 252 1724 J1737 J979J 27093 I »... 1. 2777 ! 171.1 2517 •U»l • 2412 JJ1AI 1J9I3 4140C '409A w •A»""- .•tjM 3914 .12003 IUI3 •147 12112 •30A93 •11771 •21310 .2259 .«171 l'4i» Mr: »«2 .11097 "»..« 3J.H '4141, •217» • 171 •121 3709
515/ . •<:: 23913 71H1 •Hi ; ***/ •444 1/11 .1333 .2932» .1103 •1114 ..2799 «479 | 9143 7375 •97 1 is;: 3139 30103 112AJ 14013 •147C !•-• 079 1507 4500 1 IM«( • •e 1«biic 70165 17131 .: :t 244 172 742 .7251 13593 1430» 1322 11311 tl III C.-»..- 4541 1252 4431 .1173 •17107 .15421 .13019 •13321 .1117 .M0:..3. .157 ••223 .41 .17 1599 125.r 11314 "553 '.one 11195 U •12 .1970 3=113 •-"••J. 10135 12049 7707 '•CA^.O.X: • iC'J l ..S3 .334 • 1509 • 1230A •13311 .«3.7 1402(1 35/7 71** 3I'4 .:-!1411! •Mel •071 109M .3139 • SAIj .144 .2311 .:n3 ><(7t
29es 3733 1371 •10011 1 6- .47. .'179 ..3.t • 127» A...... A."^ 1377 7301 19SA • tl, .3 . 117 .4311 .1701 AO09 • <7( :.• -«-A I..,»- .250* , .2413 .'111 .2(37 • 1951 .103 239: S- '(.«.re lw> '.tic, 3 1 :>-.] •C77 •c- • ,«- i tp e' SlAl •1751 • 190I .1217 2792 letO-
I S.~.«oi S.-As* 3675 215» 3411 .3511 %—%.. I.-- ».. . »•• ./t 1 I lo-onl . :-c 3397 2960 3631 24(1 S.-3 7il 751 • 10 •013 JC7C ): i 31 3191 167' 3133 Ml 421 31•1 M .31 2345 177) 2031 3211 191] 111 171 m .39 )45< 330* .3545 " ;1 4-3 141 ..H .102 3717 17A. 1505 1111 7502 M 352 141 M 117 1 |M I»-.,» • 31 • 2079 .3431 .23 •11 Cri»'"»» Cfcuswt .1 1 21* 405 4-, 1 1
(VALUE AS % OF TOTAL MARKET ECONOMY)! VALEUR EN -A DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE) 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 198*
Al... 5 1 110 .it • 1 7 • 4 0 •Il •H • 2 1 11 4 .12 .15 21 2' •a "•'* A"" 3 1 « i 01 06 1 11 i* .30 .19 «M.. J. 6 00 02 02 0' 0 l .11 C 1 .0 0 0 1*
, 7 20 .3)4 •111 • 24 3 •217 .12 5 .377 .215 4MM.lt. il i 151 .ilt . A3 .16 . 3 1 .17.2 .00 .01 •0.1 •0 2 •07 .0.3 .0 0 et 0* • 0 2 .0] .3 f CAO .0 0 •0 0 •0 0 •00 •0 0 •0 0 .0 0 «cc .ce .0 0 •oo
70 3 141 .ICI • 13» •201 .19 1 •11 •319 .33 0 An 7. S 49 0 J.v 514 50C lie) 34 0 • 54' .34 3 «••do,, l.„ 1* 0 •1» .75 • 100 .9.1 • 19 1 .11.7 .139 •«»,.-C - 00 01 .0 0 .0 0 •C • .01 .14 .01 •0.2
[...p. 72» Ml 19 4 41 1»2 111 12-5 411 13 t klH 45' /t • l'O 2V1 115 }»0 Ml 211 212 lien,] 33 2 300 14 7 44 7 12 • 396 171 149 3tt Cil ID.1 '3 21 17 7 111 119 101 101 • t 93 I'll 37 7 Ml • 4 1 (3 4* 3 1 43 3 1 uu /4 5 219 '.7 1 •3 7 •1 4( '6 1 34 154 o..,.. 0 1 02 .0 1 • 1 5 • 14 .1» • 1J .1 3 .19 CUri .0 4 .0 .0* 09 01 • il .15 US. |..., u~, «.-.- 14 4 12 10 4 111 it7 31 1 75 0 ~é^„^ ...... | A3 • t 173 3(0 .27 t 15 4 15 4 131 lit 13 4 22 1 '•7 13 t0 17 5 140 12 7 79 • 1 • t 7 5 7 1 73 79 .©•••I.P.L - 52 e( ; 3C3 73 7 17 5 39 29 'Ni t» 111 (tilll 94 • 7 91 7 1 S/^wew. 5^4,.-— 10 S 10 9 100 10 3 Sova . tb . 70 Ot 07 05 .19 .7 3 UlA.fM't ik.1..,, 13 tl '6 • 1 IMIJ ' c-s J» 1 1» 11 35 McAl.i* 'I4474JM 71 73 61 1 Se.es,i,Sev»ev 1 1 11 14 17 19 39 90 10 65 ts 71 j '..-. 11 1 7 1* 17 12 »a»-.. 6 3 10 41 43 • 1 1 11 15 13 11 1 1 11 10 h—m 37 1* 11 39 13 34 33 71 14 It 11 1.1 M 11 31 43 74 31 7 1 74 22 72 i ""' **•' ' . MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev. 1 Page 33
Table 23*
Imports and Exports of Wood Articles
SITC: 635 CCCN: 4420-4424 and 4427 HS: 4414-4416, 4418-4420, ex 4421.90, etc.
IN THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS EN MILLIERS DE DOLLARS E.U
(Ol»'lili-'»'l i-lOUS - IMFOK1A1 ONJ | COUXllltS-»A'J ( l'OITi - (14CH1A1IONS 1980 1981 1987 1983 1984 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
WfW "tir E;.-.-| 336JI.5 3343310 334333 .3103310 •3149449 [•4.4* 41 4* M.c4 313359 333334 3173340 3713'34 37-4554*
A>-4 ,'444 371447 .31470 •1773 .147703 •»•» .3015 15333 .107.1 •3O010 •1714» „,... At.. »!3t7 3K344 143379 >»373 •137353 »'"•««»• •• 1744 7440 1374 • 1354 173
j j -r .4«S'Î. .743734 .433113 .171137 •100130 «•.> 73544 741(1 133303 •413345 .130300 .41(3 .74337 •43333 .3004. •10377 1319K 13303 93434 15151 .47303 c»c« 1730 1174 .3991 • 7133 • 330 MCAC 31307 17071 1310 1374 .10373
• 11414 .443343 .131477 •433139 • 304494 •Va 33(5(7 413133 433171 .341015 .3(7713 «.c*
~~.37497 CH..-. .45071 .4774» .5740 • 44430 o...~. .77347 •1341 ••3439 •11391 .11734~~
fS* |t»H-l>*rtrf"**«t 331443 374375 417433 133933 747113 C*-**4 131103 1334 31D943 397017 330549 0»—»T Nrfwrf ••» .143:' 344174 349143 37340 33933 Cm») '••-•' ttp 131744 11177 33730* 34403 3400S9 71'13? 14317 31034 .773147 •111433 7774* 7M744 313740 33330 1913(3 31ll»l 140735 14331 171071 134(79 USA IK-.-^-I 4 •••• 17717 23441 311437 301MS 1741M 110441 11317 1744* D» 144 1 OtAII • 1 1471» 33443 ..««• u+ 1»757 l»7»2 17114 •47714 70M5? 703110 47111 1111 •73 !C •7447 1271 rflSIl •44700 17741* 1174»] iifjce 113X30 11401 '—I ' -.-9. 130»7S 1UM 171714 111111 .••#- •••r• v**«* * 4151C «47» 3.:i: .0374 IIU» 10*403 »**47 1Ï1743 :IIU3. :.I : 10400* 110*43 : .11 '"**" «H4>44» 71017 »»73 - 47474 4397::;:3: •30
CM* 74440 11343* •0047 104«4 113M3 u-,-,.- ,,. ••:•• »017 (3173 (1434 • 30 il -•-r -»- »t.i»«i 117514 113345 ii=:- M373 1174 '! = :• 7711 4454 137(34 7104] 70370 0030 17333 13743 3433 110474 13337 70t?4 ^f»»^tMWin 3.".l<.-ç 14070 54303 •30'. 73331 73433 7301 33C30 37I3C 33449 33330 K-«a 14444 4713 43934 50377 A.I-«A AM»fc 33344 35(43 39103 3411 4371 14«4QA 1..J4.4» 3150 41933 41541 44094' • imt 1047 •1441 •13413 ("44-I' 31735 3947 31433 .39751 37941 34393 43433 394.0 30379 i -•. r » * 314» 33545 ""• >—' 40100 33(34 337»»1
3**—Ml 0.•!.' 4430 34505 74773 34304 33339 .«,,„ 4W4JM 11131 3713 35741 • 43K3 • 43*94 I**A*1 '-.-ei 34770 370C5 33313 11947 17443 SiA***»-» S*l**p<-' 3344* 3714 7104. 37311 3717 :»c6 34474 3403 17 33 3>49 7371 .47177 • •(739 •13430 .14991 10313 33335 .1333 .1490 M134 303U 73371 1944* 370O9 !..-•• • •-»' 33770 3'403 1051 •19.3 •10313 S» ' !••-< S».If 74933 35713 30131 37935 •3733 .4333 •9411 .33433 .13037 474* 1433 19043 1411 1331 l-çe©».» tw4J4>»J44 134T3 15339 13550 33433 7794 3:391 70471 14451 13733 3140 17074 13045 70403 7410C 11717 1334 135 3C531 •«333 1»004 1011 14735 133: 30717 -...-. »...»- .13374 .1717 .1343 113 •"•01 ..-.-t '«ri. 1041* 1143 •3'47 1473( 11311 -.-.•< >-e« :3 c! 1333* 14737 •13* .3937 •J--«c .-•• (--.'«I • 314 .7444 .'3774 •14(1! .-333' -c«e- J» 4 h. net **3. 0711 11134 431 1(79 13437 l'07 .1341 v^lr,:t^l>tl 103" -034C 916 •1C373 • ••24 1733 • 343? '0431 4107 1X3' Se <•«. Ci-»~HA> 4141 17373 7319 •f 37 •.«.«4 .«.•.• 13147 •il. 1437 17151 3774 130 0040 • 3<10 •311 Ccc-b. Ce-lc!". 434. RU 4331 ?9SÎ • •'•• I**'.* MM • 304 .391. • 35(0 S* A'.** Ct'4.i w- 7330 3440 :?s? .9964 ..,.•• t ArQaMM. ••3311 14005 >410 343 .3433 C»p.i Cl-fp.» 447( 1417 10 14 7331 3430 • 97! 70'« 7300 4'l 3039 13? 7130 • 13104 lSTr-ltf»t 3313 711 •<:47 .7.03 C.4* .333 .441 .7393 .13539 .14304 '" doc e-cl.bog. 3557 13» 4515 :* | •4773 C-.- 3 11031 31 5. '0 I4**. lia» • 3313 • <73* • 7435 .41 t .5459 l.bc-O. .«•• • 3350 • 3491 .37.3 • 351 •3947 5. WMktsMi 4037 4(49 7731 9313 • 4790 |A4r A.4b<* 347( 4033 37X • 33? .432 G-»."»-* Gr.- 5»6 4137 333* 3(74 «.-•• 3071 7470 7t?4 .1731 fc» (h1-* lp .11 • 749. • 3314 • 3430 .3909 •(095 '••7 CAO' Ct't 4 t. .3111 7754 1934 7314 • 7413 «Mr>* M«teiM 3404 4433 • 3041 • 3117 1174 1717 ?.K 7103 l> ~w0 l.'MWCWt 7404 3(91 3400 3193 3133 &'••(» C.4C4 1353 7333 3133 710 G». 3543 3313 3334 3310 3010 971 3317 7774 .190 •317 3174 3430 3447 3103 4040 Sf 4" A««* «vt < 7743 171» 1377 41 .1304 13430 3351 • 3157 .3(31 •7133 CM C-J- 194? 1331 • '434 • >4(t " 3344 3113 390 3931 3341 AulircA* Awjti.l* 3173 3044 '334 1351 973
(VALUE AS % OF TOTAL MARKET ECONOMY); VALEUR EN % DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE)
1975 1974 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1963 1984
35 43 43 17 110 .73 • 4 1 A'.**. 07 07 0* 04 01 •01 05 • 0 4 .0? .0 7 i...k IfcaM 31 77 13 13 7 6 17 • J! .31 •41 • '••Md.N^d 0. 01 00 01 01 0 1 01 0 1 •0 3 0 1 A-...44, 33 ( 73 7 13 • .34 1 .33 4 • 70 7 .713 • 33< •117 • 31 • - ] , M 33 : 73 7 73 4 741 14 3 14 1 13 1 73 4 •??? •731 13 1} • 7 .7? .13 .10 .10 37 30 3.3 1.1 31 3» 11 1 1 • 1.7 CACV 03 07 07 C 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ... •0 1 •0 1 MCAC 04 04 03 0* 0* 07 03 04 01 •0 4 A,« 131 73 1 17.3 •u 14 • !• 2 .193 ,.., .10- .141 A. 13» ni 11.3 113 114 Il S 13 0 13 1 • 13 3 .14 1 <••—-. [*.. 77 171 731 113 •3 ' .170 .140 .33 .14 1 • 1C0 »4,.-0-.-' 7 1 " 33 17 31 21 34 39 • 7 3 .3 1 I.-»» 33 4 47] 44 1 4| 1 33» 33 7 43 1 .c 1 433 «A I»**» •3 9 44 0 «1» 43 0 «14 13 0 109 41 7 «3 4 4' 7 'lied.-. 37 3 14 7 3? 7 • : e 34 1 13 1 3? 1 CHID.' 470 .3 3 431 <• 7 39? 37* • ' 3 31 1 (••• ••!? 41 13 »• 10 4 " 9 '0 3 ) 110 n 5 Alil 179 14] 11 • 143 ne '7 0 13? ••? •1 S 16 3 H •• 1 3 .1 1 ... • 1 3 .'» • 1 3 • 17 a 03 03 04 05 04 •01 • 0 3 .0 4 ..4 .0 4 1 |4j .5* f<«..-|A^t* A*.. 113 17 1 170 •»3 Il 4 5» '51 4 5 70 1 75 3 1] 10 1 110 13 I 139 .01 10 5 MO 'C 7 • 7 4 Ci'— • '•**•'•• 17 3 •0 3 112 •1 1 30 175 Gt'"' '•••• »»r 17 4 13? 13 3 n 3 10 7 90 14 11 74 •K • 4 43 37 7? .?? •Il 43 77 • 3 41 • 7 90 73 f 1 70 SI • 0 4» 31 • 3 35 30 UiA lia..- J-i r •«•• 101 10 3 74 • 4 • 0 73 71 . 1 !4(3 11 4] 14 3? 31 33 0f4't 0n«»4'l 4* • * 3* 31 1? 74 40 74 74 1 11 .' 3 • 3? .10 •4 3 •3( • 7 1* «1 • 1 • S 41 71 33 31 17 • 1 • 1 10 4] 1 • 1» 0 • 1 • 1 3* S» S* 11 43 40 14 31 47 13 3» It 17 1. .-< 1 ~~. 17 3» 14 7* }• 4] 34 74 ?C 33 7 1 • 1 .13 1» 71 7? 10 ]• ]• 34 1* ]( 14 *• -NT»** S»M 74 10 1 1•1 • 14 34 17 1•1• ]• M.****** ft lM 43 41 1* 3» ]< 11 13 11 3? " " MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 34
Table 24
Imports and Exports of Furniture and Parts
SITC: 821 CCCN/HS: 9401-9404
IN THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS IN MILLIERS DE DOLLARS I U
TTJ-.»I.IS->AS u»04'3 (i»0lll-(l»O>-»- ONI 1980 1961 1982 1983 1984 1980, 1981 19821 1963| 1984
,..,..lf!i.->«i 11047775 10660179 104(9770 .1076»(66 1I53'0(7 iirc-wilt •-«. 99(3342 97M4-6 931372• 5 3936-1 932632C
.343333 463003 .373031 .363764 .3: .31 »•.«» 449921 399C 34»-6J .35995 1 .199. 3049(4 «••M 15071 3C7431 .1)111» •156359 4l.4M4.ST4 3932 6337 Mat .363CI ,1(97
.149891 >194(6(1 .1933304 | .3334344 .3431073 --.... .1)4332 ! .06(356 94C49C .99533. .1139797 .13913 • '1M1II •6009C .97647 .9713c; .:063(1 «62. 55036 .70)34 "/'« mu 11775 • (634 ' U446 • »693 «c»c •3791' '141 7(93 .7336 .7377
15993(2 1791377 •310U74 .•96443 .165363 MS)»! I997C3 •44712 .67»(| «- •74)2(7 'Jc. to- 1179975 131)11» • 1134634 .1)4471 .1300177 •44T««0»r~ •44433 .90-03 10447- • •69(?i .76534
7317534 629355 115794} 371])) 375147 («•s» 1333 C3 •19(344 71-7397 7394163 73117 •ÏC---I 371903 490170 41)4)7» 44439C7 4)69C1( cil.: . - (97C il 6043 322 •:;.'•: 1319603 1M33»' 1)77374 133354» MM 0(34(> ;:'::.55S9C:6 (91303 (99344 977311
I...-1 .173 Me ••33 : .13433 .I17t«4 .177065 0.— .39-1 ;;-»7 33561 .3533 .35334
1390343 1123.66 747133 -». 66. 1 79607 ::7*47i .34 t<9^-V***' — 1319137 3041(36 '9»'909 '97463 I9761K laict 14004 3 13633 134371 G.' — "l NHT9J «44 1Ï4775» •777C54 '73)034 665712 17)471 I30M42 1 5315. 136045* <16411] 104162 J)4 (uti^»**-». 51- 15 •:3«3* MIX 60345 U0774 «Mtll 663.|. 77133 .771»)» .714763 «5C3 1 597» 1794 5409 37130 t5!^ 701034 70019 741431 605.1 54191 57930 330)79 •+tc~i Nfi 1" 10)6017 747766 6076O» 601033 5)7973 0..—.-I 0». «1 417149 4517) 47144 107643 571•;• S- wHC< SW»n 133(3* 466X9 460)04 .63146 41401 3'OOM 44730 4004]] 411394 717» 34 1906 .1 —. 30031 3163 ' 420711 39067] 17*071 A.l**4 . . • '' 33476 790779 346)4 K)l)l 100549 30.-: ; 4)5C79 3164: )17)ll 34773 3»»77» J464-; •o- J-»* 32696» 2.3553 30106 107151 "••«'«• »1n Ml 29645) •39'337 11*74 39093.
CM. ^w M^w»» 33106 33394 341.13 340713 15199) •41047 ))5**5 3)140 ' 1144* 41564 373317 3731) mil 31113 3701 •31453 (933» 17030 1111 1I70OC 3Î7100 :tfe:: 327»! 7 1»»«)3 336MS 493)6 170774 160371 197761 .1163) •111119 .23 4.i 141)71 663.3 159)14 1474 H769C . ; ,r- •••> .••& 734393 13134' .64 60S .7319» !_» lll|l« -.7)993 •6273) 141)11 114707 1113(1 174)41 .139(3» •133113 •3-:.> :)»4 11493 3.5.. 13174 1034» 133413 "34333 14)970 "•"•»»"• 040** »5979 10304' 139)4? 93767 ilton 119141 'MIS: 771)4 I")»» 7139( (3156 .101131 jimê* •»* t **•"•• 103331 1133)9 ll»»6) .11041) 4(7373 3 .g.44.1 S-e;i.' 44544 44731 74573 • 1161 395. "•m-m+j IK .f. 17334 •« F ••* 13665 11973 110004 10331 11994 613)7 3979t 63153 79173
.03104 -, H-» | i 3 T|, o^^ 149395 104310 1103») 133043 3376C 31610 501(2 6.36! 7150 •0143 M434 5W.3 5796 45437 • 656)7 373(9 35963 i-g^pc Sêcsv 30243 39)0 33)76 66 41 93461 6444(1 116' 61 31154 37099 3135. 3933 339(6 «7939 53)30 43»33 39296 H4.6J44 1N.164*. 32(76 15011 4)243 43734 •4317» •43317 .35074 •**473 3333 3144 3493 .34)02 .21013 .31430 30733 •40304 • 74006 •3131 Ill' 1.^ 17337 31370 33153 •21366 13343 31104 43067 111! 69370 ]74»7 3C703 17119 .3767 39431 37934 3»3'6 .21.3j •333'C 1(7)7 Kill 10045 1033 1501] 13373 •1»(3* •11147 •714 •21)4 14713 190)4 17567 1 -^-t l*~**ér 31116 )947 3»4»6 43333 49433 ••"• 4»"r4 •)045 '2666 '767 1391 ' I4l)(
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(VALUE AS % OF TOTAL MARKET ECO OMY)( VALEUR EN % DU TOTAL DES ECONOMIES DE MARCHE) 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 19B1 1982 1983 1984 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 198*
37 ) I 34 30 21 .1 l •li .34 .7 6 •A**69 0* 03 03 0.) 0.4 0.5 04 04 •0 4 rt7 SÂÀf.». lj 14 1.» 1.6 I.) 17 Ï» 30 • 1.4 .1.4 41.4»» 4. •«•.« 03 0.) 01 0 1 0 1 00 01 0 1 •0 0 .0 0
••«•Ma 160 17.) 11.9 167 .16 3 .111 .1(3 • II* .11) .]».? «-4..»-.. 7.4 74 71 74 72 ••) .10» 10.7 • 109 • 110 0.) 03 0.3 OJ .0 4 •Of .o •0 4 •0* 6141 06 03 0* 0* 06 • 10 •11 0.6 06 .0 7 C»C» 07 a.) 03 0.) 0.1 0 1 0.1 .0 1 .01 •0 1 »t>C 07 0J 01 07 01 01 01 01 •0 1 •0 1
49 »,„ ti • 0 17 0 136 13» 14 4 II • •30 1 .11.7 .16 1 6» 34 11 4| 51 53 71 70 .7 4 .7 6 "•44V!..' M 4 3 • 9 .9.7 M 10 6 13) .14) .117 • 104 ~67-"0..«. 01 07 04 0.5 •06 •0 7 .0 9 1 ' .0 6 .0 6 U» 73 3 70) 47 4 666 444 61 5» 1 56.3 53 7 500 t—m Hi 16 7 • 7 4 •7 1 •7 0 •3 4 • 1 1 (16 10 9 79 6 KC(l..| 33 6 J4j 17 1 11J 33 5 33 0 40 43 3 41 ) 37» CHID») 73 . 73 0 7)7 72* 49 9 63 5 !'t« 111 13 0 146 13 3 133 11.6 114 131 11» 116 6(11 109 10) 91 94 10 1 ICI 103 97 9( 10 7
~~C..„ 13 13 13 • 1) .11 .11 .13 .1.3 .13 • 1 6 CH.~ 0J 0.) 03 0) •0) .0 3 03
70 7 ^s, ,„,, u.,,,^.. 10 7 IK 113 13) 13 1 no 130 14.5 1»0 35 0 Mr MU 1)6 1)4 17 7 19» 7)0 31* 31) 21 5 71 6 ni 141 Cr--^, r i...!!* 14 1 13 6 14 2 147 14 6 m 1) 1 114 10* &»-^F l.44'^ I.» 14 3 74 3 )4 0 17 1 30 3 1(7 III 1(3 130 13 7 11.0 III IV 11} 110 10 ( 0)6 'IWH-UMITAMW. 3.0 34 4 1 5 1 43 3) 7 3 7 0 73 3 3 36 5* 4.3 74 • 7 3 •6 3 I.6441 6.1 5» 41 6] 6 1 63 60 34 4 7 44 57 47 4» 6» 111 10 1 • 0 • 3 7} 7J 43 63 3 1 •••-.->,.•„,•. 113 1-D II) 114 104 )»•1 •7 0 31 54 41 DNW64i -Dam»!! 4 43 4] 3 1 3.5 5 - ' 1 « 'tv-W| 7.3 M 7-3 7) 67 64 11 4 7 11 1 1 )1•1 4.5 37 56 1 46 43 36 33 3 3 4 11 17 11 31 3 6 10 )• •1» ( 33 15 10 45 39 II 17 1* 1.» )34) M 3 3 39 1) 17 M.***. 6.,,»., ) 1 )) 4) 3» 17 33 10 37 3 3 1 "•• •" ' MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 35
42. Among the exporting countries of plywood listed in Table 21, main exporting countries of tropical wood plywood include Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Gabon, Hong Kong and Cote d'Ivoire . Main markets for plywood include EEC, United States, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Sweden, Canada, Australia, Japan, Nigeria, Norway, Kuwait, Oman, Yemen, Switzerland, Egypt and Algeria.
43. Among the exporting countries of wood articles (HS 4414-4416, 4418-4420, ex 4421.90), main exporting countries of tropical wood articles include Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan Province (China) Republic of Korea, Philippines, Singapore, Brazil, Hong Kong, Cuba, India, Mexico, Indonesia and Honduras. Main markets for wood articles include EEC, United States, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, Algeria, Iraq, Norway, Austria, Australia, Finland, Sweden, Singapore, Hong Kong, Israel, Libya, Nigeria, Bahamas and Mexico.
44. As shown in Table 24 covering furniture of all materials, a large majority of trade in furniture and parts takes place among industrialized countries. According to an ITC study , the bulk of furniture imports from developing countries consist of wooden furniture (primarily, living room and dining room furniture) and wooden furniture parts and components, as well as rattan and bamboo seating and other furniture. Among the exporting countries of furniture and parts listed in Table 24, main developing countries' exporters include Taiwan„Province (China) , Yugoslavia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, China , Republic of Korea, Thailand, Mexico, Turkey, Brazil, Malaysia and India. The United States is by far the largest market for furniture and parts from developing countries, followed by EEC, Japan, Australia and Canada.
Major Import Markets for Wooden Household Furniture, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT, Geneva 1982. 2 China and Taiwan Province are not covered by Tables 19-24. Taiwan's exports of wood articles and furniture amounted to US$451 million and US$721 million respectively in 1984. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 36
45. Import data for tropical wood and some of their products (sawn wood, veneers and plywood) are available for some countries in terms of cubic meter (Table 25). The table below shows the total of nine countries covered by the table.
1981 1986 3 3 % 1114 % million m million m*
Logs 36.3 43 34.0 36 Sawn Wood 43.8 52 56.2 59 All wood Veneers 0.9 1 1.0 1 Plywood 3.3 4 4.1 4 Total 84.3 100 95.3 100
Logs 18.5 75 14.5 67 Sawn Wood 4.0 16 4.2 19 Tropical u A Veneers 0.4 2 0.4 2 Plywood 1.9 8 2.6 12 Total 24.8 100 21.7 100
46. As far as these nine countries are concerned, their imports of all wood in four forms increased from 84.3 million m in 1981 to 95.3 million m in 1986. -However, their imports of tropical wood decreased from 24.8 million m to 21.7 million in the period. With regard to tropical wood, the share of sawn wood and plywood increased at the expense of logs. However, the share of sawn wood in tropical wood trade is still much lower than that in all wood trade.
47. A major factor affecting the level of consumption and imports of wood and wood products is new housing construction, which is in turn largely influenced by the general economic situation. Another major factor which will affect the level of future trade in tropical wood would be the supply of such wood. A 1985 report called "Tropical Forests: A Call for Action" by an International Task Force convened by the World Resources Institute, the World Bank and the UNDP provides the following information on supply prospects:
"Developing countries possess nearly half the world's closed forests, but they produce only 21 per cent of its industrial timber. Many developing countries have both large natural forests and ecological conditions that are suitable for fast-growing industrial plantations. However, a decline in the area of accessible commercial forests is causing serious problems. In most of these countries current levels of forest management and reforestation fall far short of what is needed to limit imports and sustain exports. Exports to Table 25
Imports of tropical wood and tropical wood products by selected importing countries (1981 and 1986)
(Unit: 1,000 M3)
•ELblUH/ GERMANY NETHER Total USA JAPAN LUXEMBURG FRANCE F.R. ITALY LANDS U.K. AUSTRALIA SINGAPORE 9 countries
1981
Saw • T«no«r log» total 459 28447 308 1593 1497 3347 269 0.9 352 36273 Conlfarous 398 13481 13 91 636 1103 22 0.1 5.0 15750 lon-ooiilfwroua 61 14966 296 1502 861 2244 247 0.8 347 20523 |0f whloh TH0PIC1L 7.7 14914 100 liiq 556 988 126 n.a. 0.6 347 18438 Si»n«ood total 21883 3811 1358 2689 4383 5026 2447 1112 1071 43780 Coni f«rou» 21222 3396 905 2096 3664 4019 1789 814 5-8 37911 I»on-oonlf»rou« 661 415 453 594 719 1006 658 298 1065 5869 |0f whloh TBOPICAi, 429 37 S 155 171 463 329 480 289 IO65 3960 Ytnttn. total 382 29 43 130 128 64 58 20 92 945 |0f whloh TROPICAL 114 27 22 71 5« 7.2 23 10 88 394 Plywood total 1310 22 234 292 474 U5 475 65 323 3310 Of whloh THOPICAi 1155 14 53 101 71 21 142 40 320 1917 (Ex eluding U.K.) 1986 33,951 Lo
SawnwQpfl total 73.06 56,193 33639.7 576.92 1391.19 i 22*3.96 **65.1* 675.2l 279.68 7607.8* 763.35 •a r< com f «rout 3288.81 512.66 923.16 1790.09 3697.B 3603.32 2119.63 7003.72 522.59 1.61 50,055 CD H oon—conifwrous 75.66 96.26 68.03 53.87 767.66 1071.89 675.05 60.12 20.76 71.5 N as 6,138 n 0 lof which tropical 30.75 820.12 231.81 386.19 501.12 380.51 517.83 15.6 231.11 71.5 4,241 OJ z -j CI V«"î«rj total 30.67 998 1 **1.37 60.081 36.2* 138.76 150.03 | 91.6* 8.76 103.10 X « of which tropical 137.57 53.7l| 15.85 22.23 75.95 20.05 l.]7 28.27 26.9 374 c^
J 1 jwooii total 1691.88 35.36: 267.10 }0«.2 55.81 MS.JO 580.35 U99.9 22.90 ! 4.114
.1 of which tropical 1**7.59 | 31.76 96.2 160.6* 109.12 11.61 22.62 59.0* 21.9 1 2,633 ro Source: FA0 Monthly Bulletin - Tv>pl=ai forest products in vrr.l.d timber trade, December 1981 and 1986. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 38
industrialized countries are very important for some developing countries, but the most critical problem for the future is the growing inability of many countries to meet their domestic needs for industrial forest products.
"Imports of forest products by developing countries are increasing sharply, even in such countries as Nigeria, Thailand, and Mexico which should readily be able to supply their own domestic needs. Imports have risen from about US$6 billion in the early 1970s to almost US$10 billion today.
"In fourteen developing countries with suitable conditions for an expanded industrial forestry programme, imports of manufactured forest products now total nearly US$4 billion a year. Unless action is taken, this level of imports will continue to rise sharply.
"Over the past decade, exports of industrial forest products by developing countries have averaged about US$7 billion (1984 prices) and rank fifth overall in non-oil exports. The value of exports has risen sharply during this time but it is doubtful that this rate of growth will continue unless additional investment is made to sustain the productivity of industrial forest resources.
"In a number of countries, notably Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Malaysia and the Philippines, current rates of timber harvesting and insufficient investment in forest management and reforestation will lead to a sharp decline in exports within 10-15 years. On a smaller scale, the same trend is perceptible in many other countries. In Ghana, for example, exports have fallen from a high of 124 million cubic meters in 1973 to 11 million cubic meters in 1982.
"By the end of the century, the thirty-three developing countries that are now net exporters of forest products will be reduced to less than ten, and total developing country exports of industrial forest products are predicted to drop from their current level of more than US$7 billion to less than US$2 billion."
SECTION III; Activities of international organizations*
48. Several international organizations undertake work which is relevant and complementary to negotiations in the GATT on tropical products. With respect to inter-governmental facilities to compensate for shortfalls in commodity export earnings, the IMF Compensatory Financing Facility and the STABEX programme for ACP countries are noteworthy as measures of financial transfers to stabilize export earnings, while the variety of development projects and financial arrangements to promote and diversify commodity exports are numerous. Certain products in this group are covered by STABEX operations: unmanufactured wood (CCCN 4403, 4404, 4405) and rubber (4001). MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.l Page 39
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAQ)
49. The FAO Commodities and Trade Division pioneered commodity research and techniques for international co-operation in commodities, including natural rubber. This Division, whose activities are geared towards improving the functioning of international trade in agricultural commodities, monitors the world market situation and advises developing countries on the implementation of their national commodity policies. The FAO Forestry Department produces a monthly bulletin on tropical forest products in world timber trade.
50. Among regional agencies of the United Nations the ECE/FAO Agriculture and Timber Division services the ECE Timber Committee which reviews market developments and economic and technical aspects of the wood processing industry.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
51. Under United Nations auspices, UNCTAD is a major forum for international commodity action. Its principal achievements have been the Integrated Programme on Commodities (IPC) , established as a result, of Resolution 93(IV) at UNCTAD IV and the Agreement on the Common Fund for Commodities. Agreements on natural rubber and tropical timber have been established under the Integrated Programme.
52. A second International Agreement on Natural Rubber was formally adopted on 20 March 1987 by the United Nations Conference on Natural Rubber. Seven producers and thirty-three consumers representing about 9C per cent of world trade on natural rubber have embarked on the process to put in place a successor instrument to the 1979 INRA that expired on 22 October 1987. Ratification by countries representing at least 75 per cent of both exports and imports will be needed before the agreement is operational; until inception of the second agreement no later than 1 January 1989, buffer stock purchases will be suspended.
53. The new agreement has retained the same reference price, 201.66 Malaysia/Singapore cents (about 87 US cents) a kilo and the same intervention prices, "floor" and "ceiling" prices remaining at 150 and 270 cents respectively. The major change in the new agreement is the reference price review mechanism which will now be automatic. If the daily market indicator price is above the upper "intervention" price ("may sell") or below the lower ("may buy") for six months, the reference price is adjusted by 5 per cent unless the International National Rubber Organization decides on a higher adjustment. As a further step in tailoring the agreement more closely to market developments, price reviews take place every fifteen rather than, as previously, every eighteen months.
54. The buffer stock remains the sole price stabilization instrument; its maximum volume is unchanged at 550,000 tonnes. Financing of the buffer stock is shared equally by producers and consumers according to their respective trade shares within each of the groups. The provisions for borrowing to finance stock purchases have been eliminated. MTN.GNG/NG6/W/15/Rev.1 Page 40
International Tropical Timber Organization
55. Following a resolution of the United Nations Conference on Tropical Timber held in November 1983, the Secretary-General of UNCTAD convened a Preparatory Committee for the first session of the International Tropical Timber Council. Tropical timber is defined as non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses which is grown in the tropical zone; the term covers logs, sawnwood, veneer sheets and plywood. The International Tropical Timber Agreement established to provide an effective framework for cooperation and consultation between producing and consuming countries entered into force provisionally on 1 April 1985. The first meeting of the International Tropical Timber Organization took place in Yokahama in March 1987. Members currently numbering forty-one, represent more than 95 per cent of tropical timber trade.
56. In addition to encouraging policies to manage and conserve tropical forests the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement are to (i) provide the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber, (ii) encourage further processing and improve marketing and distribution activities in producing member countries and (iii) improve market intelligence.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
57. The Wood and Wood Products Industry is one of the industries included in consultations between developed and developing countries directed towards the industrialization of developing countries. The first consultations which took place in 1983 addressed problems and made recommendations concerning the development of processing industries and the promotion of wood and wood products.
International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT (ITC)
58. The ITC is the focal point for technical co-operation regarding the promotion of developing countries trade. With respect to rubber the ITC is in the process of implementing a project on Integrated Export Development support in natural rubber products. For tropical timber and timber products ITC is carrying out two multi-year interregional projects on builders wood work and wood-based panels. Various proposals on export development are awaiting financing.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
59. The ISO has been engaged in standardization work in the field of forestry, timber and wood products since 1947. Several hundred international standards cover aspects such as terminology, classification, dimension and test methods on such products as sawn timber, plywood and furniture.
International Rubber Study Group
60. This intergovernmental organization has as its principal objective, the comprehensive compilation of statistical information on production, consumption and trade in natural and synthetic rubber.~~