2017
AQUATIC MONITORING OF THE
OKANAGAN RIVER RESTORATION INITIATIVE
POST-CONSTRUCTION 2017
Prepared by:
Camille Rivard-Sirois, B.Sc. Karilyn Alex, M.Sc. Colette Louie, Cert Technician
Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department
Prepared for: ORRI Steering Committee
HCP Committee
May 2018
Okanagan Nation Alliance 101-3535 Old Okanagan Hwy, Westbank, BC, V4T 3L7 Phone: (250) 707-0095 Fax: (250) 707-0166
Disclaimer: Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department reports frequently contain preliminary data, and conclusions based on these may be subject to change. Reports may be cited in publications but their manuscript status (MS) must be noted.
Citation: Rivard-Sirois., C., K. Alex, C. Louie. 2018. Aquatic Monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2017. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
ONA Fisheries Department i Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to document the effectiveness the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (otherwise known as ORRI) near Oliver, BC over the 2017 monitoring year (4 years post ORRI-Phase II, 4 years post VDS 13 modifications and 8 years post ORRI Phase I).
The objectives of ORRI, set at the beginning of the project, were to:
• Objective 1: Restore natural river channel shape, meander pattern, and substrate conditions to enhance the quantity and quality of spawning and rearing habitat for Sockeye, Chinook Salmon, Steelhead/Rainbow trout, other native resident fish species and additional aquatic organisms.
• Objective 2: Restore floodplain riparian plant communities to enhance fish and wildlife habitat, stabilize stream-banks, and improve water quality and ecosystem resilience.
ORRI projects in the Oliver area include:
• 2008: Floodplain reconnection and dike setback (Phase I). • 2009: River re-meander (Phase I). • 2013: Side channel connection (Phase II). • 2013: VDS 13 modifications. • 2014: Wetland creation.
Main highlights from 2017 monitoring (year 4 of 5) include:
• This extremely high and prorogued freshet created gravel recruitment to the ORRI site, increasing the spawning areas but also creating a sediment blockage issue in the Phase II side channel at low flows (no flow input into the side channel). • The diversity of fish habitats is increasing over time (including 4 deeper pools in the mainstem). • The slope between cross-sections in the river mainstem increased. • As desired, the SWE in the river at Parkrill Outlet at high flow remained as pre-treatment. • Phase II side channel acted as temperature refugia for most of the summer (cooler than river mainstem due to groundwater connection and/or vegetation coverage), but the dissolved oxygen concentration was a potential barrier fish to movement and habitat selection. Therefore, it is unlikely that salmonids reared in the side channel during that period.
• Water depths, velocities and Froude measured at Sockeye redds were within desired range. • At peak spawning, over a third of the Okanagan Sockeye run (in Index section) was enumerated in Phase I restoration reach, which is >7 times more than pre-treatment. This proportion during a very low escapement year indicates that Phase I restored areas are highly attractive.
• Four Chinook spawners and one adult Rainbow Trout were observed in the ORRI restoration reach this year, during the sockeye spawner enumeration surveys.
ONA Fisheries Department ii Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table of Contents
Executive Summary ...... ii Acknowledgements...... vi List of Acronyms – Organizations & Programs ...... vii List of Other Acronyms ...... viii List of Okanagan Names ...... ix
1.0 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Description of ORRI ...... 1 1.2 Monitoring objectives ...... 8 2.0 Monitoring timeline ...... 11 3.0 Stream channel response & channel morphometry ...... 11 3.1 Methods ...... 12 3.2 Results and discussion ...... 16 4.0 Hydrologic response ...... 19 4.1 Methods ...... 19 4.2 Results and discussion ...... 23 5.0 Fish & fish habitat response ...... 29 5.1 Methods ...... 29 5.2 Results and discussion ...... 33 6.0 Riparian condition & terrestrial species habitat response ...... 37 7.0 Conclusions ...... 38 7.1 Monitoring highlights: ...... 38 7.1 Recommendations and next steps:...... 41 8.0 References ...... 42 Appendix A: Monitoring methods ...... 48 APPENDIX A1: Cross section sampling procedures ...... 49 APPENDIX A2: Froude Number calculations ...... 50 APPENDIX A3: Channel morphometry measurements ...... 51 APPENDIX A4: Sinuosity measurements ...... 52 APPENDIX A5: Thalweg profile/ reach slope ...... 52 APPENDIX A6: Surface water elevation (SWE) & Groundwater elevation (GWE) ...... 54 APPENDIX A7: Groundwater depth ...... 56 APPENDIX A8: Hydro-period and floodplain inundation ...... 57 APPENDIX A9: Fish habitat features survey ...... 58 APPENDIX A10: Macrophytes survey ...... 59
ONA Fisheries Department iii Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 APPENDIX A11: Invertebrate monitoring...... 60 APPENDIX A12: Water temperature measurements ...... 62 APPENDIX A13: Snorkeling procedures ...... 63 APPENDIX A14: Redd distribution assessments ...... 64 APPENDIX A15: Salmon spawning enumeration survey ...... 65 APPENDIX A16: Egg incubation assessments ...... 66 APPENDIX A17: Fine sediment collections and analysis ...... 68 APPENDIX A18: Streambed gravel assessments ...... 69 APPENDIX A19: Minnow trapping procedures ...... 70 Appendix B: Monitoring data and analysis ...... 71 APPENDIX B1: Yearly river hydrographs since ORRI restoration work ...... 72 APPENDIX B2: Cross-sectional data and other survey data ...... 74 APPENDIX B3: River mainstem thawleg bed slope and pool depth calculation ...... 82 APPENDIX B4: High-water marks observed in Phase II side channel ...... 83 APPENDIX B5: Calculation bankfull and low flow distances to the top of bank ...... 86 APPENDIX B6: Analysis of SWE recorded at various discharges ...... 87 APPENDIX B7: Surface water elevations recorded at monitoring stations (water level loggers) .. 88 APPENDIX B8: Groundwater elevations recorded at monitoring stations (groundwater wells) ... 90 APPENDIX B9: Water temperature data ...... 92 APPENDIX B10: Dissolved oxygen data (Phase II Side Channel) ...... 94 APPENDIX B11: Snorkel data ...... 95 APPENDIX B12: Redd survey data ...... 97 APPENDIX B13: Sockeye enumeration data ...... 99 Appendix C: Summary tables from aquatic monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2009 - 2012 ...... 101 APPENDIX C1: Parameters of stream channel response 2009-2012 ...... 102 APPENDIX C2: Parameters of hydrologic response 2009-2012 ...... 104 APPENDIX C3: Parameters of fish and fish habitat response 2009-2012 ...... 106 APPENDIX C4: Parameters of riparian and wildlife response 2009-2012 ...... 110 APPENDIX C5: Parameters of riparian and wildlife response 2013-2014 ...... 111
ONA Fisheries Department iv Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Location of the ORRI projects within the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia ...... 1 Figure 2: The phases and projects of ORRI near Oliver, BC ...... 2 Figure 3: Progression of the ORRI Site 2008-2016 ...... 3 Figure 4: Floodplain re-connection within ORRI-Phase I ...... 5 Figure 5: River re-meander within ORRI-Phase I ...... 5 Figure 6: Natural side channel re-connection within ORRI-Phase II ...... 6 Figure 7: VDS 13 modifications ...... 7 Figure 8: Floodplain features creation ...... 7 Figure 9: Mean monthly discharges in the Okanagan River near Oliver ...... 12 Figure 10: Real time hydrometric data graph for Okanagan River near Oliver ...... 13 Figure 11: Location of the cross-sections within the ORRI Reach ...... 15 Figure 12: Thalweg bed profile in the ORRI reach in 2017 ...... 18 Figure 13: Location of sampling sites within the ORRI (hydrologic response) ...... 21 Figure 14: Photos of ORRI Phase II approach and entrance channels in 2017 at low flows ...... 24 Figure 15: 2017 Surface water elevations at ORRI Phase II monitoring stations ...... 26 Figure 16: Lougheed floodplain inundation at peak flow in 2018 ...... 27 Figure 17: Lougheed floodplain inundation at peak flow in 2016 and 2011 ...... 28 Figure 18: Locations of the measurements for the fish and fish habitat response parameters ...... 31 Figure 19: Locations of fish and fish habitat response within ORRI Phase I and II ...... 32 Figure 20: Daily average water temperature in the ORRI – Phase II side channel in 2017 ...... 34
Table 1: ORRI projects near Oliver, BC ...... 2 Table 2: Key features created within the ORRI projects ...... 4 Table 3: ORRI aquatic monitoring objectives ...... 8 Table 4: Timeline of the monitoring completed ...... 11 Table 5: Methods of monitoring the parameters of stream channel response & channel morphology ... 14 Table 6: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of stream channel response ...... 17 Table 7: Methods of monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response ...... 20 Table 8: Description of the water level loggers monitored within ORRI ...... 22 Table 9: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response ...... 25 Table 10: Methods of monitoring the parameters of fish and fish habitat response ...... 30 Table 11: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of fish and fish habitat response ...... 35
ONA Fisheries Department v Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Acknowledgements
The Okanagan Nation Alliance (ONA) acknowledges the continued support and commitment of the many agencies and project partners that provide both technical expertise and funding to successfully complete such an endeavor. The ONA would like to acknowledge:
• Osoyoos Indian Band (OIB). • Douglas County Public Utility District and Chelan County Public Utility District through the Wells Habitat Conservation Plan Tributary Committee (HCP). • Environment Canada’s Habitat Stewardship Program (HSP). • Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. • Bob Newbury, Newbury Hydraulics, ONA Engineering Advisor.
The agencies that have contributed to the planning and the implementation of the ORRI restoration works through the ORRI Steering Committee include:
• Canadian Okanagan Basin Technical Working Group. • BC Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. • Okanagan Nation Alliance. • Osoyoos Indian Band. • Fisheries and Oceans Canada. • The Nature Trust. • Canadian Wildlife Service of Environment Canada.
ONA would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development for permitting access to the site via dike.
All field data collection related to this project was implemented in accordance with directions received from Traditional Ecological Knowledge keepers. This has included acknowledgments and respect of the siwłkw and tm’xwulaʔx, as well as, the return of gravel to the q̓awsitkʷ after analysis. Indigenous Peoples of the Okanagan are the exclusive owners of their cultural and intellectual properties.
ONA Fisheries Department vi Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 List of Acronyms – Organizations & Programs
Acronym Organizations and Programs Country CCT Colville Confederated Tribes USA COBTWG Canadian Okanagan Basin Technical Working Group Canada COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada Canada CWS Canadian Wildlife Service (Environment Canada) Canada DFO Fisheries and Oceans Canada (federal) Canada EC Environment Canada (federal) Canada FWMT Fish-Water Management Tools program Canada HCP Habitat Compensation Plan USA HCTF Habitat Conservation Trust Fund Canada HSP Habitat Stewardship Program (federal) Canada MoE Ministry of Environment (provincial; now called MoFLNRO) Canada Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (provincial) MoFLNRO Canada (previously called MoE) NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration USA NPCC Northwest Power and Conservation Council USA OBMEP Okanagan Basin Monitoring and Evaluation Program USA OBWB Okanagan Basin Water Board Canada OC Okanagan College Canada OIB Osoyoos Indian Band Canada OLRS Okanagan Lake Regulation System Canada ONA Okanagan Nation Alliance Canada ONAFD Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department (previously ONFC) Canada ORRI Okanagan River Restoration Initiative Canada ORWHFS Okanagan Region Wildlife Heritage Fund Society Canada OSHIP Okanogan Sub-Basin Habitat Improvement Program USA PRCC Priest Rapids Coordinating Committee USA PUD Public Utility District USA SARA Species at Risk Act Canada SECL Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd. Canada TNT The Nature Trust of British Columbia Canada UBC-O University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus Canada
WSC Water Survey of Canada Canada
ONA Fisheries Department vii Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 List of Other Acronyms
Acronym Terminology BC British Columbia cms Cubic meters per second also as (m3/s) DO Dissolved oxygen DS Downstream Fr Froude number GWE Groundwater elevation HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System LB Left bank LWD Large Woody Debris NA Not available Q Flow discharge no. number RB Right bank SWE Surface water elevation TBD To be determined TEK Traditional Ecological Knowledge US Upstream VDS Vertical Drop Structure XS Cross-section
ONA Fisheries Department viii Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 List of Okanagan Names
Okanagan Place Names (Okanagan-English Translation) akskʷəkʷant Inkaneep Creek nxʷəntkʷitkʷ̌ Columbia River nˁaylintǝn McIntyre Dam area kłusxənitkʷ Okanagan Lake q̓awsitkʷ Okanagan River q̓awst’ik’ʷt, also known as t̕iwcən Skaha Lake snʕaxəlqaxʷiyaʔ̌ Vaseux Creek suwiw̓s Osoyoos Lake sx̆wǝxw̆ nikw Okanagan Falls
Okanagan Species Names (Okanagan-English Translation) kəkni or kəkn ̓i Kokanee ncʕacʕayna Blotched Tiger Salamander ntitiyx or ntytyix Chinook p'əskʷaqs Great Basin Spadefoot qwəyqwəyʕaćaʔ Steelhead sćwin Sockeye snınaʔ̓ Western Screech Owl spəqʷlic Burbot xwuminaʔ Rainbow Trout xʔaʔłqʔılʔm̓ ̓ Yellow-breasted Chat
Translation provided by Richard Armstrong, Penticton Indian Band. Indigenous Peoples of the Okanagan are the exclusive owners of their cultural and intellectual properties.
ONA Fisheries Department ix Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Description of ORRI
The Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) projects near Oliver are located on the q̓awsitkʷ (Okanagan River), a tributary of the nxʷə̌ ntkʷitkʷ (Columbia River) system (Fig. 1). The ORRI projects are organized as an initiative that groups together technical expertise and agencies to address restoration needs in the mainstem Okanagan River (q̓awsitkʷ). The ORRI Steering Committee has overseen four projects in the Oliver area and currently others in Penticton, BC. This report chronicles the effectiveness of the projects near Oliver, labeled in Table 1 and Figure 2.
(Modified from Google Earth, 2009)
ORRI worksite – Phases I and II
Figure 1: Location of the ORRI projects within the Okanagan Valley, BC
ONA Fisheries Department 1 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 1: ORRI projects near Oliver, BC
Project ORRI Phase Key objectives Treatment timeline
Floodplain reconnection Phase I Floodplain & riparian restoration Completed 2008
River re-meander (isolated Phase I Fish habitat creation Completed 2009 oxbows reconnection)
Side channel reconnection Phase II Fish habitat creation Connected 2013
VDS13 modifications Phase I Fish habitat improvement Completed 2013
Floodplain features Phase I Amphibian ponds creation Completed 2014 creation
Modified VDS 13 (2013)
Phase I Reconnected Isolated Oxbows (2009)
Phase II Reconnected Side Channel (2013) Wetland (Amphibian Ponds) created (2014)
Phase II Mainstem Habitat Features (2013)
Phase I Dike Setback & Reactivated Floodplain (2008)
Figure 2: The phases and projects of ORRI near Oliver, BC
ONA Fisheries Department 2 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 BEFORE Phase I & Phase II (2008 orthophoto)
Isolated Oxbows Dike along the River
Disconnected Historic Floodplain
Channelized River
1 year AFTER Phase I (2010 orthophoto)
Phase I – Remeandered Phase I - Dike Setback River (dual channel) Phase I - Reactivated Floodplain
7 years AFTER Phase I and 3 years AFTER Phase II & VDS 13 Phase (2016 orthophoto)
Phase I – Naturally Created Features
Phase II - Riffle & Approach Channel
VDS 13 modified
Phase II - Reconnected Side Channel
Figure 3: Progression of the ORRI site 2008-2016 (imagery from Google, 2017)
ONA Fisheries Department 3 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 The q̓awsitkʷ (Okanagan River) was significantly altered in the 1950’s; only 16% (4.9 km) of the river is remaining in a natural (2.8 km) or semi-natural state (2.1 km). Approximately 84% (30.4 km) of the river has been channelized, straightened, narrowed and dyked (Bull, 1999; NPCC, 2004).As result, the entire river length has been reduced by 50% (Bull et al., 2000). Natural wildlife linked to the q̓awsitkʷ (Okanagan River) has been negatively impacted. The river has lost 90% of its riparian vegetation and wetland habitat (Bull et al., 2000). Some of the species that stand to benefit from ORRI are:
Anadromous salmon species: • Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka). • Steelhead (O. mykiss), listed as threatened in US. • Chinook (O. tshawytscha), listed as threatened by COSEWIC in Canada.
Native resident fish species: • Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss). • Kokanee (O. nerka).
Several wildlife species listed as special concern, threatened or endangered (COSEWIC, 2012) or at risk under BC blue-red list (MOE, 2012). For example: • Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens auricollis). • Western Screech Owl (Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei). • Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). • Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana). • Rocky Mountain Ridged Mussel (Gonidea angulata).
Habitat features that support the above listed species are itemized in Table 2 by project. Over time progression of the ORRI site is presented in Figure 3.
Table 2: Key features created within the ORRI projects
ORRI Project Key features created • 1,200 m of setback dike Phase I - Floodplain reconnection • 25,000 m2 of reconnected floodplain (Fig. 4) • 300 m2 of wood debris for snake habitat • 500 m of added river length Phase I - River re-meander (Fig. 5) • 11,175 m2 of pool-riffle habitat (replacing glide) • 9,100 m2 of spawning areas • 5,240 m2 of side channel habitat Phase II - Side channel connection • 1920 m2 pool habitat (Fig. 6) • 2490 m2 riffle habitat • 1650 m2 spawning areas VDS 13 modifications (Fig. 7) • 4,575 m2 of improved spawning area • 200 m2 of salamander pond habitat (1 pond) Floodplain features creation (Fig. 8) • 4 spade foot ponds • 400 m2 of boulder and woody terrestrial features
ONA Fisheries Department 4 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Setback dike
Dike cuts
Figure 4: Floodplain re-connection within ORRI-Phase I
Lougheed Island
Riffle (created Nemes Island spawning platform)
Habitat features (boulders, LWD)
Figure 5: River re-meander within ORRI-Phase I
ONA Fisheries Department 5 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Riffle
Approach channel
Entrance channel
Side channel
Upper pond
Lower pond
Exit channel
Figure 6: Natural side channel re-connection within ORRI-Phase II
ONA Fisheries Department 6 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 4 V-shape components removed to enhance fish habitat (velocities, substrate, and Froude numbers) upstream of the VDS
Figure 7: VDS 13 modifications
Figure 8: Floodplain features creation
ONA Fisheries Department 7 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 1.2 Monitoring objectives
This report summarizes data cumulated since the start of monitoring in 2008 until 2015 based on the objectives of the project (Table 3).
Table 3: ORRI aquatic monitoring objectives in relation to the performance indicators measured, their associated ecosystem processes and benefits, and the expected response
Objective 1 Restore natural river channel shape, meander pattern, and substrate conditions to enhance the quantity and quality of spawning and rearing habitat for Sockeye, Chinook Salmon, Steelhead/Rainbow trout, native resident fish species and aquatic organisms.
Expected Associated Performance Indicators Associated ecosystem processes and benefits response study
Reconnecting historic meanders and adjusting the Bankfull channel dimensions according to estimated equilibrium width & increase conditions in order to maintain quantity, quality and depth diversity of in-stream habitat. Narrower deeper channel provides hiding cover and Summer cooler water for summer rearing and migrating salmonids increase flow depth Cross sectional and aquatic organisms that sustain them. HCP dimensions Spawning Determine the ranges of depths and velocities available within depth & to spawning salmon and provide the preferred habitats at preferred velocity the range of discharges encountered. range
Froude numbers of 0.315 ± 0.1 were found to be Spawning increase preferred by spawning Sockeye (and Chinook) salmon and Froude frequency of the ability to provide these conditions in the variety of number (Fr) preferred Fr flows adds to the resilience of the spawning population. Area of pools increase Channel Determine the changes, effectiveness, and stability of Area of riffles increase morphology created in-stream structures. Area of glides decrease
trend toward HCP Stream channel response & channel morphometry & channel response channel Stream Sinuosity Channel structure and hydrology support a self-sustaining stability in Plan-form & system where channel adjusts its form (i.e. local slopes sinuosity slope and channel pattern) in response to natural fluctuations overall stable; Slope in discharge and sediment resulting in a stable channel. localized increase
ONA Fisheries Department 8 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 3: ORRI aquatic monitoring objectives in relation to the performance indicators measured, their associated ecosystem processes and benefits, and the expected response - CONTINUED Objective 1
Expected Associated Performance Indicators Associated ecosystem processes and benefits response study
Bankfull Channel and floodplain interactions allow shallow groundwater ONAFD distance to the aquifer recharge and maintain diverse floodplain habitats such as decrease (in-kind) top of the bank depression wetlands and abandoned oxbows. New channel dimensions and increased sinuosity raise low-flow Surface water Low-flow water surface elevations and re-establish hyporheic linkages, ONAFD (river) distance to top decrease thereby increasing water availability to native riparian vegetation (in-kind) of bank during the growing season. Surface water Monitor the high water conditions & answer any questions about no impact elevation post-project water levels upstream. Information becomes more HCP at Parkrill (SWE) important as future phases progress. Groundwater Higher groundwater elevation (lower depth below ground) during
Hydrologic response Hydrologic elevation plant growing season allow for higher floodplain vegetation increase (GWE) survival. ONAFD Floodplain Increased floodplain inundation frequency and duration in the (in-kind) activation increase Floodplain restored floodplain (Nemes/Lougheed) allowing shallow frequency inundation groundwater aquifers to recharge, and maintain diverse & area floodplain habitats such as depression wetlands. Habitat features are stable and self-sustaining over time providing Habitat type holding areas, cover and refugia for fish and invertebrates; increase and habitat increased quantity and quality subsequently increasing density HCP diversity features and percent composition of salmonids and other native fish species. Habitat Invasive Reduction of exotic fish species habitat. decrease HCP quality and macrophytes diversity Invertebrate Determine ecosystem health of the restored reach by the increase increase HCP monitoring in the quantity and diversity of invertebrates. Deepening channel cross sections and re-establishing riparian Summer water ONAFD plant communities reduce high summer water temperatures for cooler temperatures (in-kind) salmonids. increasing Fish holding & trend for HCP rearing habitat salmonids Channel structure and hydrology support increased quantity and Redd counts & Fish increase distribution quality of salmonid habitat, in terms of: Funded in population, 1. Increasing numbers and density of rearing salmonids. during part through densities & Sockeye & Fish habitat response habitat Fish the summer months (i.e., trout, Chinook). FWMT & Chinook percent increase Skaha spawners 2. Increasing spawning areas selected. composition projects counts 3. Increasing quality of the incubation environment for eggs. Egg incubation ONAFD increase success in-kind Fine sediment Channel structure & hydrology support a self-sustaining system decrease Substrate accumulation In where channel adjusts its form maintaining a balance between composition collaboration erosion & deposition resulting in clean & aerated spawning & within & quality Substrate with OC rearing substrate within optimal size ranges. preferred gravel sizes range
ONA Fisheries Department 9 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 3: ORRI aquatic monitoring objectives in relation to the performance indicators measured, their associated ecosystem processes and benefits, and the expected response – CONTINUED
Objective 2: Restore floodplain riparian plant communities to enhance fish and wildlife habitat, stabilize stream banks, and improve water quality and ecosystem resilience.
Expected Associated Performance Indicators Associated ecosystem processes and benefits response study
Re-established native riparian vegetation contributes shade, cover and water quality and in-stream nutrients; Re-vegetation of increases potential for woody debris recruitment and Native plant the riparian areas storage; and provides seed and vegetative sources for community along river course & future recruitment. and re- Increase un-funded associated vegetation extending Dense and deep riparian root systems stabilize banks and survival floodplains reduce erosion rates, support overhanging vegetation, and maintain deep and narrow channels thereby
Riparian condition response condition Riparian contributing to overall habitat quality and complexity.
Avian, reptile, Enhanced riparian corridor and floodplain habitat amphibian and increases the quality, quantity and diversity of forage, Wildlife small mammal HSP cover and breeding sites thereby increasing the Increase habitat value population/ Un-funded abundance and diversity of terrestrial wetland- and diversity/usage riparian-dependent species using these habitats. measures Wildlife habitat response
Note: The detailed results of the Objective 2 aren’t included in this report, only a summary is presented.
ONA Fisheries Department 10 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 2.0 Monitoring timeline
Table 4 outlines the timeline for pre- and post-treatment monitoring. Pre-treatment for ORRI-Phase I occurred between August 2008 and June 2009. Pre-treatment for ORRI-Phase II occurred between 2008 and 2012. Field work completed as far back as 2001 supplemented some of the pre-treatment information. The performance indicator measurements repeated during post-treatment monitoring vary in regard to when measureable results can be detected. For this reason the intervals at which a number of the parameters are monitored varies. Restoration effects may not be measureable or apparent for 5 – 20 years after construction. For parameters that drive many of the stream channel and hydrologic responses, the goal was to monitor the effects of at least one “two-year flood” return interval.
Table 4: Timeline of the monitoring completed 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Performance Indicators
Bankfull width & depth x x x x x &
Summer flow depth x x x x x Cross sectional Spawning depth x x x x x x x x dimensions Spawning velocity x x x x x x x x
Spawning Froude No. x x x x x x x x
Area of pools x x x x x x
Channel morphology Area of riffles x x x x x x
Area of glides x x x x x x
channel morphometry channel Sinuosity x x x
Stream channel response channel Stream Plan-form & slope Slope x x x x x x
Bankfull distance to the top of the bank x x x x x x x x x River surface water Low-flow distance to top of bank x x x x x x x x elevation (SWE) SWE throughout the project area x x x x x x x x x
response Groundwater elevation (GWE) x x x x x x x x
Hydrologic Floodplain activation Floodplain inundation x x x
Habitat types & habitat features x x x x x x
Habitat quality and Invasive macrophytes x x x
diversity Invertebrate diversity & richness x x x
Summer water temperatures x x x x x x x x x x
Fish holding & rearing habitat x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fish population, Redd counts & distribution x x x x x x x x x x x x densities & percent Enumeration of spawning SK & CH x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x habitat response habitat composition Egg incubation success x x
Fish Substrate composition Fine sediment accumulation x x x x x
& quality Substrate gravel sizes x x x x x x x
Native plant Re-vegetation of the riparian areas x x x x x x x x x x community & soils along river course & floodplains Avian, reptile, amphibian & small
response Wildlife habitat value mammal population/ diversity/usage x x x x x x x x x x Terrestrial Terrestrial measures Note: Construction works for Phase I (river re-meander) occurred in summer 2009 and in summer 2013 for Phase II (side channel).
ONA Fisheries Department 11 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 3.0 Stream channel response & channel morphometry
3.1 Methods
For cross-sectional dimensions that target summer flows or typical spawning flows it is important to note that the flows are based on data collected by the Water Survey of Canada station number 08NM085 (station named “Okanagan River Near Oliver, BC”). Mean monthly flows for October (spawning flows) are 12.6 m3/s for an all-years average (from 1944-2014; Fig. 9 & 10). This station is representative of the ORRI site and is located downstream 10 km with no substantial tributary inputs between.
Figure 9: Mean monthly discharges in the Okanagan River near Oliver (Source: WSC 2014)
ONA Fisheries Department 12 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Figure 10: Real time hydrometric data graph for Okanagan River near Oliver in 2017 (Source: WSC 2018)
The performance criteria were set based on dynamic equilibrium dimensions outlined in Newbury and Gaboury (1993). The general monitoring method and timing are outlined in Table 5, along with the performance criteria for the parameters measured. Specific monitoring methods are found in their associated appendix. The locations of the measurements for the stream channel response and channel morphometry are found in Figure 11.
ONA Fisheries Department 13 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 5: Methods of monitoring the parameters of stream channel response and channel morphology
Performance indicators Expected response Performance criteria General monitoring method fall spring winter summer Appendix Design dimensions Bw= 25-35m Bankfull increase from similar sloped anabranch Standard XS surveyed to monuments based on RIC x width reference reach (1998) standards; dimensions compared to HEC Design dimensions Bd=1.5-2.5m RAS model and time series excel XS plots; before Bankfull A1 increase from similar sloped anabranch and after at 13 XS including 16+899, 17+026, x depth reference reach 17+061, 17+160, 17+289, 17+347, measured during 3 Cross- Summer Pools exist; summer flows 8-20m /s. increase x sectional flow depth total area of pool is stable dimensions Spawning within preferred SK: 0.2-0.6m (Long et al. 2006) Spawning cross sections completed identically to x x depth range CH: 0.1-0.9m (Wright & Long 2006) the above cross sections at the flows are within Spawning within preferred SK: 0.4-0.9m/s (Long et al. 2006) 3 what is expected for spawning (6-12m /s). x x velocity range CH: 0.2-1.3m/s (Wright & Long 2006) A2 Spawning Froude numbers are calculated from cross increase frequency Fr = 0.3 ± 0.1 at spawning flows of Froude 3 sectional surveys using velocity and water depth x of preferred Fr 10m /s (Long et al. 2006) number measurements at flows between 6-12m3/s. Area of Pools are created and remain increase x pools stable over time Identify, map and measure each habitat unit: pools, Channel Area of Riffles are created and remain 2 increase riffles, and glides; calculate unit area (m ); x A3 morphology riffles stable over time photographs taken of each unit. Area of decrease Glides decrease x glides trend toward Channel plan-form maps and photos are taken; Sinuosity = river length/valley Sinuosity stability in channel length & sinuosity surveyed using standard x A4 length sinuosity profile measurements (Newbury & Gaboury 1993). Plan-form Channel length & elevations surveyed using standard stable overall in & slope restored reach; Channelized design grade=0.06%; profile measurements and compared overtime. Slope Anabranch reach=0.13% Localized slopes calculated between XS. Maximal x A5 localized slopes increase Historical=0.19% localized slope determined. Downhill slopes = positive values; uphill slopes = negative values.
ONA Fisheries Department 14 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 XS 14 XS 13 XS 12
Pool us Phase II
XS 11
XS 10 Phase II
XS 9
XS 8
XS 7
XS 6
Phase I XS 5 XS 4
XS 3
XS 2
XS 1 Phase VDS 13
Figure 11: Location of the cross-sections within the ORRI reach (Google Earth 2016)
ONA Fisheries Department 15 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 3.2 Results and discussion
The summary of the results for monitoring the parameters of stream channel response and channel morphology pre- and post-treatment is found in Table 6. Detailed data collected in 2017 are found in the appendices.
2017 Interpretation of findings relative to performance criteria:
• In 2017, the river flow ranged between 9 m3/s and 105 m3/s (Figure 10). The freshet was particularly high in 2017 with river discharges in May higher than the maximum recorded at this river station (1944-2015). Flows were maintained higher than average throughout the summer until September.
• The high freshet created gravel recruitment to the ORRI site as pervious high freshet years (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 & 2016; Appendix B1), increasing the spawning areas within the ORRI reach. However, sediments also deposited in Phase II approach channel creating a blockage issue at low flows (fall 2017; Figure 14). This year, contrarily to previous years (2014 and 2016) and as recommended by the ORRI Steering Committee, the sediment blockage wasn’t manually removed.
• As previous years, water depths measured at redds were within the preferred range for Sockeye and Chinook throughout the restoration reach.
• As previous years, water velocities measured at redds were within the preferred range for Sockeye and Chinook throughout the restoration reach.
• The Froude Number calculated at redds remain improved (frequency of preferred range for Sockeye increased) since construction. • Pool and riffle habitat continues to dominate the restoration reach and the diversity of fish habitats is increasing over time. • Deeper pools were observed in the river mainstem (Figure 12; Appendix B3):
o dowstream Phase II riffle (2.9m deeper); o upstream of the Lougheed Oxbow (0.6m deeper); o upstream of the Nemes Oxbow (1.0m deeper); and o downstream of the Nemes Oxbow (1.5 m deeper). • The overall slope of the thalweg mainstem bed in the restoration reach remained stable and is similar to slope found in the anabranch reach (semi-natural section), as desired (Appendix B3). • The localized slope between cross-sections in the river mainstem increased due to the creation of deeper pools and the deposition of gravel throughout the restoration reach (Appendix B3), providing more diversity.
ONA Fisheries Department 16 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 6: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of stream channel response Performance Expected response & Results Results Results Results Results Results App- indicators Performance criteria Location pre-treatment 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 Unit Comments endix Bankfull Phase I 52.1 ± 4.3 94.5 ± 17.8 X X X X no change after 2012 m - width Phase II 49.8 ± 0.8 92.9 ± 19.6 X X X X Bankfull Phase I 4.2 ± .0.2 3.8 ± 0.5 X X X X no change after 2012 m - depth Phase II 3.9 ± 0.1 3.0 ± 0.3 X X X X B4 Summer Phase I 0.6 - 0.9 1.20 - 2.06 X X X X flow created pools remain stable m Based on maximum pool depth Phase II 0.3 - 0.6 0.83 - 1.04 X X X X depths at XS VDS 13 X X 0.67 ± 0.32 0.5 (1 data) 0.68 ± 0.04 0.77 (1 data) Spawn within preferred range: Phase I 0.77 ± 0.16** 0.64 ± 0.31 0.47 ± 0.20 0.50 ± 0.24 0.57 ± 0.26 0.47 ± 0.23 SK: 0.2-6 m (Long et al. 2006) m Field surveys: depth CH: 0.1-0.9 m (Wright & Long 2006) Phase II 0.55 ± 0.13** 0.83 ± 0.16 0.67 ± 0.26 X 0.82 ± 0.13 0.74 ± 0.12 Aug. 8 & 13, 2008* US pool X X 1.04 ± 0.05 1.15 (1 data) 1.13 ± 0.12 1.00 (2 data) Oct. 30, 2012; Q=11 m3/s VDS 13 X X 0.71 ± 0.08 0.58 (1 data) 0.68 ± 0.36 0.39 (1 data) Oct. 30, 2014; Q=11 m3/s sectional dimensions sectional within preferred range: 3 Spawn Phase I 0.53 ± 0.15** 0.53 ± 0.17 0.71 ± 0.23 0.60 ± 0.24 0.72 ± 0.23 0.78 ± 0.36 Oct. 26, 2015; Q=9 m /s SK: 0.4-0.9 m/s (Long et al. 2006) m/s 3 B12 velocity Phase II 0.71 ± 0.20** 0.43 ± 0.08 0.52 ± 0.22 no redd 0.63 ± 0.09 0.54 ± 0.08 Oct. 28, 2016; Q=15 m /s Cross - CH: 0.2-1.5 m/s (Wright & Long 2006) 3 US pool X X 0.44 ± 0.01 0.48 (1 data) 0.43 ± 0.06 0.51 (2 data) Oct. 30, 2017; Q=11 m /s
VDS 13 X X 0.28 ± 0.04 0.26 (1 data) 0.26 ± 0.13 0.14 (1 data) Note: Q at WSC station Spawn increase frequency of preferred Fr Froude Phase I 0.19 ± 0.06** 0.32 ± 0.08 0.34 ± 0.13 0.29 ± 0.12 0.33 ± 0.15 0.38 ± 0.17 08NM085 for SK: 0.3 ± 0.1 at spawning flows Fr number 3 of 10 m /s (Long et al. 2006) Phase II 0.32 ± 0.10** 0.15 ± 0.04 0.20 ± 0.09 X 0.23 ± 0.05 0.20 ± 0.04 ** data to be reviewed (Fr) US pool X X 0.14 ± 0.01 0.14 (1 data) 0.13 ± 0.02 0.16 (2 data) Area of expect increase; created pools Phase I 0 7,283 X 8,763 X X Field surveys:
pools remain stable over time Phase II* 0 1,482 X 2,610 X X Jul. 15, 2008 Sep. 3, 2009 Area of expect increase; created riffles Phase I 0 11,002 X 13,443 X X 2 m Sep. 26, 2012 - riffles remain stable over time Phase II 0 0 X 702 X X Nov. 9, 2015 Channel
morphology Area of Phase I 9,995 3,354 X 2,904 X X glides decrease glides Phase II 11,863 8,006 X 6,384 X X * including US pool Sinuosity trend toward stability in sinuosity ORRI reach 1.07 1.17 1.18 X X X m - -
Parkrill- Field surveys: Slope stable overall in restored reach; VDS13 0.1 0.1 X X X 0.1 Jul. 2008 form - (thalweg localized slopes increase (overall)* Sep. 2012 % B3
& slope bed (channelized design grade=0.06%; Nov. 14, 2017
Plan XS14-XS1 profile) anabranch=0.13%, historical=0.19%) (localized)* 0.5 (Max) 1.3 (Max) X X X 3.5 (Max) * updated from previous reports
ONA Fisheries Department 17 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 thalweg
Lougheed Oxbow
Nemes Oxbow
Pool us Lougheed Oxbow
Pool ds Phase II riffle Pool us Nemes Oxbow Pool ds Nemes Oxbow
Note: Gap in data set opposite to Nemes oxbow due to instrument accuracy (low satellite reception). Figure 12: Thalweg bed profile in the ORRI reach in 2017
ONA Fisheries Department 18 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 4.0 Hydrologic response
Documenting the high-water conditions is important for answering questions about post-project water levels upstream, both for assuaging concerns of local landowners and for guiding future work. The hydrologic response to the Phase I treatment because setting back the dykes and allowing for channel- floodplain interactions were intended to:
• Allow shallow groundwater aquifers to recharge. • Maintain diverse floodplain habitats such as depression wetlands. • Raise low-flow water surface elevations and re-establish hyporheic linkages, thereby increasing water availability to native riparian vegetation during the growing season. • Aid in restoring floodplain riparian plant communities to enhance fish and wildlife habitat, stabilizes stream banks, and improve ecosystem resilience. • Filter water thereby contributing to clean, secure water sources. • Provide environmental and societal value by moderating the effects of droughts, floods, climate change, and erosion. • Decrease silt loads in the main channel. • Reduce upstream water-surface elevations during flood events.
4.1 Methods
General methods for the monitoring over the five years are found in Table 7 with specific monitoring methods found in Appendix A. Descriptions of the water level loggers monitored within ORRI are found in Table 8. The locations of the measurements for hydrologic response are found in Figure 13.
ONA Fisheries Department 19 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 7: Methods of monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response
Monitor timing
Performance Indicators Expected response Performance Criteria General monitoring method mer fall spring winter sum Appendix Bankfull distance Distances from highest water to the top of the decrease surface to top of West bank and x x
bank to floodplain decrease. SWE are calculated from cross-sectional Distance from lowest water surveys and water levels recorded at River Low-flow distance surface to top of West bank < 1m monitoring loggers. Calculation are made at to the top of the decrease based on soil moisture Lougheed entrance (XS11). x x x surface water West bank requirements of native riparian A6 elevation communities. (SWE) Monitoring loggers recording on-going SWE at Park Rill shows no change located throughout the ORRI site in SWE throughout difference from pre-treatment no impacts at Parkrill the mainstem river, Phase II side channel, x x x x the ORRI reach SWE 297.82m elevation at 3 connected pond (Upper) and adjacent ponds 60 m /s. (Parkrill & Lower ponds). Increasing GWE, decreasing trend in depth to groundwater Increase at Lougheed Monitoring wells recording on-going changes toward <1m below soil surface Groundwater Floodplain in water depths located in the Lougheed during the growing season at x x x x A7 elevation (GWE) No impacts at Nature Floodplain (Phase I) and Nature Trust Lougheed Floodplain. Floodplain Trust Floodplain. Floodplain (Phase II). No changes noticeable at Nature activation Trust Floodplain. Frequency is estimated with HEC RAS using Increasing trend in frequency, Floodplain pre-and post-treatment cross sections. increase depth and areal extent of x inundation Duration, depth and areal extent are floodplain inundation. measured on field when inundation occurs.
ONA Fisheries Department 20 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Nemes Floodplain
Lougheed Floodplain Lower Pond VDS 13 Parkrill Pond
Upper Pond
Phase II side channel Nature Trust Floodplain
Phase II riffle
Monitoring loggers (river & ponds)
Monitoring well (piezometer)
Figure 13: Location of sampling sites within the ORRI (hydrologic response) (Google Earth 2016)
ONA Fisheries Department 21 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 8: Description of the water level loggers monitored within ORRI Logger Name Location Description Comment Air - 25m upstream VDS 13 Used to calculate water pressure at Atmospheric data since 2009 (16+270) the other loggers River- 25m upstream VDS 13 Monitors the impact of VDS 13 VDS data since 2009 (16+270) modifications Monitors the changes related to interrupted data Lougheed Access River - 17+061 Phase I since 2009 River- at ParkRill outlet Monitors changes related to Phase I interrupted data ParkRill River (17+347) & II (designs modelled for no impact) since 2010 ParkRill Pond ParkRill (West Arm) Pond Monitors drainage issue data since 2012 River – 15m above riffle Phase II Pool Monitors changes related to Phase II data since 2013 (0+445) Monitors changes related to Phase II Upstream Phase II River – 500m upstream riffle data since 2013 (design modelled for no impact) Phase II-Side Side-channel (0+160) Monitors changes related to Phase II data since 2014 Channel Upper Pond Upper Pond Monitors changes related to Phase II data since 2012 Monitors changes related to Phase II Lower Pond Lower Pond data since 2011 (design modelled for no impact) Monitors the relation between river Groundwater - Phase I interrupted data Lougheed Well and groundwater changes related to floodplain since 2009 Phase I Groundwater - Phase II Monitors the groundwater changes Nature Trust Well data since 2013 adjacent floodplain related to Phase II
ONA Fisheries Department 22 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 4.2 Results and discussion
The summary of the results for monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response pre- and post- treatment is found in Table 9. Detailed data collected in 2017 are found in the appendices.
2017 Interpretation of findings relative to performance criteria:
• SWE in the river mainstem, throughout the ORRI restoration reach, reacted as expected over the 2017 monitoring period and followed closely the river’s discharge fluctuations, as previous years (Appendix B7). • The bankfull distance to the top of the bank and the low flow distance to the top of the bank remained as modelled (Appendix B5). Peak river flow in 2017 allowed inundation of the floodplain (SWE distance to floodplain peaked at -0.2 m; i.e. up to 0.2 m inundation over average floodplain ground elevation). • As desired, the SWE recorded in the river at Parkrill Outlet at 60 m3/s remained the same as pre- treatment and as predicted by the HEC-RAS model (Appendix B6).
• SWE in Phase II side channel followed the river’s discharge fluctuations but also responded to the presence/absence of a beaver dam at the exit channel and the presence/absence of sediments blocking the approach channel (Appendix B7). In fall 2017, post high flows, the beaver dam was breached, the sediment blockage was higher than SWE in the approach channel and the berm along the approach channel was breached immediately upstream of the sediment blockage (Figures 14 & 15). Therefore, there was no backwatering effect from the beaver dam, there was no flow input into the side channel, and the entrance channel was dewatered. Basically, SWE in the side channel at low flow (<30 m3/s) retuned to pre-restoration conditions, i.e. the side channel being wetted due to groundwater/seepage.
• The groundwater table in Lougheed & Nature Trust floodplains reacted as expected over the 2017 monitoring period (Appendix B8). As predicted, there is no noticeable high flows impact of the Phase II restoration works on groundwater depth observed at the Nature Trust monitoring well. Groundwater table in both floodplains followed closely the river’s discharge fluctuations. The amplitude of changes in GWE was approximately 1 m, which is typical of the floodplains in the area and similar to previous years. As last year, GWE were higher than in 2014 and 2015 for most of the 2017 growing season (May to Oct.) due to river flows higher than normal during this period (Appendix B8).
• We didn’t have the funds to conduct a field inundation survey at peak freshet flows in 2017, but we expect that the majority of the Lougheed and Nemes floodplains was inundated during spring freshet, based on peak river discharges and readings form water levels (Figures 16 & 17).
ONA Fisheries Department 23 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Sediment blockage in approach channel & berm breached (September 2017)
Berm breached
Sediment blockage
Entrance channel dewatered (September 2017)
Figure 14: Photos of ORRI Phase II approach and entrance channels in 2017 at low flows
ONA Fisheries Department 24 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 9: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response
Performance Expected Response & Results Results Results Results Results Results Location Unit App. Indicators Performance Criteria pre-treatment 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 Lougheed 3 3 3 3 3 3
Bankfull Distances from yearly entrance – top 2.4 (11 m /s) 0.4 (83 m /s) 0.5 (76 m /s) 0.9 (53 m /s) 0.5 (87 m /s) 0.3 (105 m /s) m distance to highest water surface to West bank* the top of the top of West bank and to Lougheed -0.1 (83 m3/s) -0.2 (105 m3/s) 3 3 3 3 bank floodplain decrease entrance – 3.2 (11 m /s) (floodplain 0 (76 m /s) 0.4 (53 m /s) 0 (87 m /s) (floodplain m B5 floodplain* inundated) inundated) Low-flow Distance from lowest Lougheed distance to water surface to top of entrance – top 2.1 (8 m3/s) 1.6 (6 m3/s) 1.7 (6 m3/s) 1.7 (6 m3/s) 1.7 (6 m3/s) 1.6 (9 m3/s) m the top of the West bank < 1m West bank* bank SWE at ParkRill shows no 297.82 River at outlet of 297.59 297.80 297.73 Fig.15 SWE at difference from pre- predicted 297.75 (2011), 3 3 3 Surface water elevation (SWE) elevation water Surface Parkrill Creek on data loss (at Q=54m /s on (at Q=63m /s on (at Q=61m /s on m B6 & Parkrill treatment SWE 297.82m HEC RAS 2012 data loss the East bank May 25, 2015) May 16, 2016) April 29, 2017) B7 elevation at Q=60m3/s (Mould 2010) Increasing trend in GWE, Ranged: Ranged: decreasing depth below Ranged: 3 Ranged: Ranged: Ranged: 3 3 0 (80 m /s)- 3 3 3 +0.07 (105 m /s) ground toward <1m 0.43 (28 m /s)- 3 0.09 (76 m /s)- 0.39 (53 m /s)- 0.10 (87 m /s) - Lougheed Well* 3 1.04 (9 m /s) 3 3 3 above ground - below soil surface during 0.86 (17 m /s) 1.26 (9 m /s) 1.24 (7 m /s) 1.19 (10 m /s) 3 below ground 1.14 (9 m /s) the growing season below ground below ground below ground below ground Groundwater (2011-2012) below ground (May-Oct) elevation m B8 Ranged: (GWE) Ranged: Ranged: Ranged: Ranged: +0.84 (85 m3/s) +0.86 (76 m3/s) +0.57 (53 m3/s) +0.92 (87 m3/s) +1.14 (105 m3/s) above ground - no impact Nature Trust Well* no data above ground - above ground - above ground - above ground - 0.28 (9 m3/s) 0.17 (9 m3/s) 0.15 (7 m3/s) 0.03 (10 m3/s) 0.01 (9 m3/s) below ground below ground below ground below ground below ground Floodplain activation (2013) Increasing trend in 0 (no no data (assume Floodplain frequency, duration, Lougheed & Fig.16 inundation no data no data no data 30% between 2016 % inundation depth and areal extent of Nemes Floodplains & 17 before 2009) and 2018) floodplain inundation * Note: Data updated from previous reports. 2009 is before the dike set back (elevation of floodplain is elevation of top of West dike); data recorded on portion of year only. 2012 is before VDS 13 modifications which reduced SWE.
ONA Fisheries Department 25 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 River Q peaked at 105 m3/s
No sediment blocking approach channel; Sediment blocking approach channel; Beaver dam at exit channel No flow entry (entrance channel dewatered); Beaver dam at exit channel breached
Figure 15: 2017 Surface water elevations at ORRI Phase II monitoring stations
ONA Fisheries Department 26 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Engagement of upper notch Lougheed Floodplain inundation - North part Lougheed Floodplain inundation - South part
Areas inundated
Figure 16: Lougheed floodplain inundation at peak flow in 2018
ONA Fisheries Department 27 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Areas inundated in 2016 at peak flow (85 m3/s) Areas also inundated in 2011 at 85 m3/s (but with debris at VDS 13) Figure 17: Lougheed floodplain inundation at peak flow in 2016 and 2011
ONA Fisheries Department 28 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 5.0 Fish & fish habitat response
Documenting the changes in fish densities, species composition, and the habitat they use is important in this project because it is anticipated that the restored channel structure and hydrology will increase the quantity and quality of salmonid habitat. In particular, the restoration works were designed to:
• Increase the numbers and density of rearing salmonids during the summer months (i.e., Steelhead/Rainbow trout, and Chinook Salmon). • Increase valuable spawning areas. • Increase the quality of the intra-gravel incubation environment for eggs.
5.1 Methods
General methods for the monitoring over the five years are found in Table 10 with specific monitoring methods found in Appendix A. The locations of the measurements for fish habitat response are found in Figures 18 and 19. Water temperature was monitored at the water level monitoring loggers located throughout the ORRI restoration reach (loggers location in Figure 13).
Additional water quality loggers were operated in Phase II side channel in the summer 2017 to have a better understanding of the rearing habitat conditions in the side channel during the summer:
• HOBO water temperature (Pro v2) installed in the upper section of the side channel and recorded hourly water temperatures.
• HOBO dissolved oxygen data logger (U26-001) installed in the middle of the side channel (at water pressure logger; Figure 13) and recorded hourly water dissolved oxygen concentration and water temperatures.
ONA Fisheries Department 29 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 10: Methods of monitoring the parameters of fish and fish habitat response
Expected Performance Indicators Performance Criteria General monitoring method Appendix response fall spring winter summer Increasing trend in amount & Survey habitat diversity: the number, Habitat type & increase diversity of habitat features (i.e. type & dimension of each feature is x A9 features diversity LWD, boulders) determined, mapped & photographed. Reduction of invasive non-native Macrophytes decrease Visual observation survey. x A10 macrophytes Habitat CABIN protocols; 4 samples taken within quality & Invertebrate Increasing trend in diversity and increase the restored reach and 2 samples in the x A11 diversity monitoring numbers of invertebrates natural reach for reference; 2 replicates. Reduced number of days & shorter Monitor on-going temperature changes Summer water duration per day when water at water level monitoring loggers; cooler x A12 temperatures temperatures exceed adult spawner calculate the mean daily and the number & juvenile rearing threshold of days that temperature >15.6oC. Increasing trend of density and Numbers of O. mykiss counted in snorkel Fish holding & increase percent composition of rearing surveys (5 snorkelers-1 pass) of the ORRI x A13 rearing habitat salmonids reach compared to natural reach. Trend of increasing density of redd surveys during October spawning - Redd counts & salmon and salmon redds and noting Sockeye and Chinook redds; Fish distribution increase x A14 spawning habitat within their measure water depth, velocity and population, (SK &CH) densities & preferred ranges Froude numbers at redds. percent Redd surveys immediately after peak Enumeration of Trend of increasing density of composition increase spawning - split reaches to capture x A15 spawning SK & CH salmon within the restored area numbers in Phase I and II. Egg baskets with 100 eggs each in the Egg incubation increase Egg incubation success >18% survey reach which is monitored to hatch x A16 success and percent survival calculated. Bulk sampling of the surface and sub- Fine sediment Percent fines (<2mm) are less than surface require 4 samples to be collected decrease x A17 Substrate accumulation 10% or 14% (Kondolf 1997) (2 replicates of surface and sub-surface composition samples). Samples sieved and weighted. & quality within Wolman substrate procedures used to Substrate gravel Increase in substrate particle sizes preferred determine the D16, D50 and D84; x A18 sizes preferred spawning substrate range range percent of particles 13-128mm.
ONA Fisheries Department 30 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Reach breaks Snorkel survey reaches McIntyre Spawner enumeration reaches Dam Egg basket sites Invertebrate sites Redd survey reaches Macrophyte survey reaches Natural Temperature loggers Portion
Hwy 97 Bridge
Semi-Natural Portion
Channelization
Channelized Portion
ORRI-Phase II ParkRill See inset figure ORRI-Phase I
VDS 13
Bridge at Oliver Channelized Portion
Figure 18: Locations of the measurements for the fish and fish habitat response parameters
ONA Fisheries Department 31 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Reach breaks
Macrophyte surveys reaches
Invertebrate samples sites
Water temperature sites
Snorkel sampling reaches
Egg incubation sites
Sediment sample sites
Figure 19: Locations of fish and fish habitat response within ORRI Phase I and II Note: 2013 Google imagery (post-construction Phase I; pre-construction Phase II)
ONA Fisheries Department 32 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 5.2 Results and discussion
The summary of the results for monitoring the parameters of fish habitat response over the five years of study pre- and post-treatment is found in Table 11. Detailed data collected in 2017 are found in the associated appendices.
2017 Interpretation of findings relative to performance criteria:
• Water temperatures in Phase II side channel fluctuated yearly pending weather and flow in side channel (Appendix B9). Daily average water temperatures were slightly lower (0.5-1.5oC cooler) in the side channel (middle) than in the river mainstem, except in late September when river flows were reduced, sediments in approach channel prevented flow from entering the side channel, and the beaver dam was breached (Figure 20). As in previous years (2014, 2015 & 2016), the number of days with mean daily temperature >15.6oC (general salmonid threshold) was slightly lower (3 to 12 days cooler yearly) in the Phase II Side Channel in comparison of the river mainstem, mostly due to connection to groundwater and/or impact of vegetation coverage. Therefore, Phase II Side Channel acted as temperature refugia during the summer before sediments in approach channel prevented flow from entering the side channel. The upper pond provided more important temperature refuge but wasn't always connected to the side channel (pending flows).
• Dissolved oxygen level is not only correlated to water temperature, but also to water discharges in the side channel (Appendix B10). From mid-August to mid-September 2017, dissolved oxygen level dropped even though water temperature remained relatively stable, mostly due, the reduced water flow in side channel. Dissolved oxygen level was a potential barrier to movement and habitat selection and, therefore, it is unlikely that salmonids reared in the side channel during this period. From late September to October, at very shallow water depths (sediments in approach channel preventing flow from entering the side channel and breached beaver dam), dissolved oxygen level could have cause production impairment to any salmonids present in the side channel. Due to earlier conditions, it is very unlikely that salmonids remained strangled in the side channel at the time.
• It was impossible to conduct the annual snorkel survey this year due to high flow conditions in the river in the summer (Figure 10).
• Sockeye spawners return was very low in the q̓awsitkʷ (Okanagan River) in 2017 (AUC Index = 8,503 spawners; Appendix B13). At peak spawning over a third of the run (in the Index section) was enumerated in the Phase I restoration reach, which is >7 times more than pre-treatment. This very high proportion during a very low escapement year indicates that Phase I restored areas are highly attractive for Sockeye spawning (Sockeye selecting this site in priority over other available areas).
• Four Chinook spawners and one adult Rainbow Trout were observed in the ORRI restoration reach this year, during the sockeye spawner enumeration surveys (ONA, unpublished data).
ONA Fisheries Department 33 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 • Even though this year was an very low Sockeye escapement, a total 7,777 m2 (Appendix B12) of effective spawning occurred throughout the ORRI restoration reach (above VDS 13, Phase I, Phase II and pool created above Phase II). Once again, this indicates that the restored areas are highly attractive for Sockeye spawning. Riffles and deep riffles continue to dominate the spawning areas within the ORRI reach.
Figure 20: Daily average water temperature in the ORRI – Phase II side channel in 2017
ONA Fisheries Department 34 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 11: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of fish and fish habitat response
Habitat quality & diversity Indicator, Expected Results Results Results Results Result response & Comments Location Results 2012 Unit App. pre-treatment 2014 2015 2016 2017 Performance criteria Only 2 of the LWD recorded in 2009 6 Phase I 0 2 X 26 X X Increasing trend were placed during construction the (+30m log jam) in functional rest recruited naturally. no. LWD Field surveys: 15-July-2008., 3-Sept.- Phase II 1 1 X 0 X X 2009, 26-Sept-2012, 9-Nov-2015 - Some displacement of rip rap boulders 214 (was 336 in In-stream Phase I 0 X 75 X X with the river bed. 2009)
Habitat features Habitat boulder clusters no. Field surveys: 15-July-2008., 3-Sept.- present 2009, 26-Sept-2012, 9-Nov-2015 Phase II 0 0 X 0 X X all sp.: 89 all sp.: 9 Phase I (mainstem) The total available area in both exotic sp.: 7 exotic sp.: 3 oxbows is higher in 2012 than in 2008 tes Reduction of all sp.: 102 all sp.: 50 due to the creation of entrance and Phase II (mainstem) invasive non- exotic sp.: 14 exotic sp.: 1 2 exit channels. Exotic invasive species X X X X m - native all sp.: 436 all sp.: 460 are M.spicatum & P crispus. southern oxbow macrophytes exotic sp.:434 exotic sp.:195
Macrophy Field surveys:15&25-Aug-2008, all sp.: 0 all sp.: 147 03-Oct-2012 northern oxbow exotic sp.: 0 exotic sp.: 66 reference in natural Div.=1.76 Div.= 1.77
Benthic index of biological integrity section (transect 2) Rich.= 24.5 Rich.= 24.5 Increasing trend developed to assess health of Div.:=1.19 Div.= 1.41 Div.=
brate semi natural section - in diversity and Okanagan streams (Jensen 2006) also Rich.= 20.0 Rich.= 20.0 Shannon’s X X X X - richness of showed improvement post-treatment. Div.:=1.40 Div.= 1.76 H & Rich. = within Phase I (XS6) invertebrates Field surveys: 2-3-Oct-2008; Rich.:=21.5 Rich.= 24.0 no. taxa monitoring Inverte 4-5-Oct-2012 downstream ORRI Div.:=1.79 Div.= 1.97 (300 m ds VDS13) Rich.= 28.0 Rich.= 25.5 Phase II river X X 139 131 138 116
Reduced Phase II side number of days X X 136 126 134 104 Measured at the water level loggers channel no. days > with temp.
er water o installed between 2009 & 2013 Upper pond not temp. B9 >15.6 C (general X X 93 102 118 (Table 8). (connected) available threshold salmonid
temperatures Lower pond not Summ threshold) X X 139 148 117 (not connected) available
ONA Fisheries Department 35 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018 Table 11: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of fish and fish habitat response - CONTINUED
Fish population, densities & percent composition Indicator, Expected response & Results Results Results Results Results Results Status and comments Location Unit Appendix Performance criteria pre-treatment 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 Natural reach: 63* 28 24* 11 78 X Increasing trend of Field surveys: 3.7 km Semi-natural density and percent 12-Aug-2008 (pre-treatment), 23* 10 11* 4 32 X Fish holding & composition of 7-Sept- 2012, 30-Jul-2014, reach: 2.3 km no./ Channelized B11 rearing habitat rearing 26-Aug-2015, 24-Aug-2016 2* 3 2* 0 3 X km reach: 0.9 km O. mykiss (all ages) No survey in 2017 due to flow & Chinook (juv) conditions. Phase II: 0.45 km 0* 4 4* 0 16 X Phase I: 0.65 km 0* 3 0* 0 3 X Trend of increasing The effective spawning area was a VDS 13 X X 1,259 306 1,740 150 density of salmon deep riffle pre-treatment and in Redd counts & Phase I 6,053** 6,992 10,791 2,818 10,204 7,128 2 and salmon redds 2009 riffles were added. m B12 distribution Phase II 11,928** 4,699 6,645 0 5,454 224 and spawning Field surveys: yearly survey post habitat peak Oct.-Nov. 2008-2017 US pool X X 1,650 45 1,618 275 Proportion of the peak live count in ORRI reaches over total live in Phase I 5 7 5 18 10 38 Spawner Trend of increasing Index section; note the run size is counts density of spawning most likely above the capacity of % B13 (SK & CH) salmon the typical spawning reaches Phase II** 5 7 14 0 10 2 Field surveys: Sept-Nov 2008-2017 D : 14* D : 26* D : 8* Increase in median Phase I – 16 16 16 D : 25* D : 45* X D : 19* X X mainstem (XS 7) 50 50 50 (b-axis) substrate D : 47* D : 67* D : 34* particle sizes within 84 84 84 Field surveys: Substrate 13-128mm, D16 : 0.08* D16 : 2* D16 : 22* 8 &13-Aug-2008, 11-Sept-2009, Phase I – oxbow mm - gravel sizes preferred spawning D50 : 0.18* D50 : 23* X D50 : 34* X X 26-Sept-2012, Sept. 3-4, 2015 (XS 7) substrate size range D84 : 0.71* D84 : 42* D84 : 48* (Bjorn & Reiser D16 : 19* D16 : 25* D16 : 14* 1991) Phase II (XS 11) D50 : 28* D50 : 40* X D50 : 24* X X D84 : 46* D84 : 60 D84 : 41* *Results updated. ** Data to be revised.
ONA Fisheries Department 36 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
6.0 Riparian condition & terrestrial species habitat response
The second objective of the ORRI restoration was to restore floodplain riparian plant communities to enhance fish and wildlife habitat, stabilize stream banks, and improve water quality and ecosystem resilience. This was to be accomplished by:
• Re-vegetation of the riparian areas along the river course and associated newly connected floodplains, and • Monitor the response from avian, reptile, amphibian, and small mammal populations in terms of diversity and usage measures.
Re-established native riparian vegetation contributes shade, cover, water quality, and in-stream nutrients. It also increases potential for woody debris recruitment and storage; and provides seed and vegetative sources for future recruitment. Dense and deep riparian root systems stabilize banks and reduce erosion rates, support overhanging vegetation, and maintain deep and narrow channels thereby contributing to overall habitat quality and complexity. Enhanced riparian corridor and floodplain habitat increases the quality, quantity, and diversity of forage, cover and breeding sites thereby increasing the abundance and diversity of terrestrial wetland- and riparian-dependent species using these habitats.
No funding was available in 2017 to monitor the riparian condition and the terrestrial species habitat response, therefore no update is provided in this report. A summary of the findings of the previous years is presented in Appendices C4 and C5.
ONA Fisheries Department 37 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
7.0 Conclusions
7.1 Monitoring highlights:
The highlights from the 2017 monitoring data included: • The river flow ranged between 9 m3/s and 105 m3/s (extremely high and prorogued freshet).
• High freshet created gravel recruitment to the ORRI site, increasing the spawning areas but also creating a low flows sediment blockage issue in Phase II. As recommended by the ORRI Steering Committee, the sediment blockage wasn’t manually removed this year. • The diversity of fish habitats is increasing over time. Deep pools are developing in the river mainstem: below Phase II riffle; upstream of the Lougheed Oxbow, upstream of the Nemes Oxbow and downstream of the Nemes Oxbow. • The overall slope of the thalweg mainstem bed in the restoration reach remained stable and is similar to slope found in the anabranch reach (semi-natural section). The localized slope between cross-sections in the river mainstem increased due to the creation of deeper pools and the deposition of gravel throughout the restoration reach, providing more diversity.
• As previous years, water depths, velocities and Froude measured at redds were within the preferred range for Sockeye and Chinook throughout the ORRI restoration reach. • SWE in the river mainstem and GWE in adjacent floodplains reacted as expected following closely the river’s discharge fluctuations. As desired, the SWE recorded in the river at Parkrill Outlet at 60 m3/s remained as pre-treatment and as predicted by the HEC-RAS model.
• At low flow (fall 2017), SWE in Phase II side channel was as pre-restoration conditions (i.e. side channel being wetted only due to groundwater/seepage) because there wasn’t no backwatering effect from the beaver dam (dam breached) and there was no flow input into the side channel (sediment blocking the approach channel).
• As in previous years, daily average water temperatures were slightly lower in the side channel than in the river mainstem (except in late September) and the total number of days with mean daily temperature >15.6oC (general salmonid threshold) was slightly lower the side channel in comparison of the river mainstem. Therefore, Phase II side channel acted as temperature refugia for most of the summer, mostly due to connection to groundwater and/or impact of vegetation coverage.
• From mid-August to mid-September, dissolved oxygen (DO) level dropped even though water temperature remained relatively stable, mostly due to reduced water flow in side channel. DO level was a potential barrier to movement and habitat selection and, therefore, it is unlikely that salmonids reared in the side channel during this period. From late September to October, at very shallow water depths, dissolved oxygen level could have cause production impairment to any salmonids present in the side channel. Due to earlier conditions, it is very unlikely that salmonids remained strangled in the side channel at that time.
ONA Fisheries Department 38 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
• It was impossible to conduct the annual snorkel survey this year due to high flow conditions in the river in the summer (safety reasons).
• Sockeye spawners return was very low in the q̓awsitkʷ (Okanagan River) in 2017. At peak spawning over a third of the run (in the Index section) was enumerated in the Phase I restoration reach, which is >7 times more than pre-treatment. This very high proportion of Sockeye spawners in Phase I during a very low escapement year indicates that ORRI Phase I restored areas are highly attractive for Sockeye spawning (Sockeye selecting this site in priority over other available areas).
• Four Chinook spawners and one adult Rainbow Trout were observed in the ORRI restoration reach this year, during the sockeye spawner enumeration surveys.
• A total 7,777 m2 of effective spawning occurred throughout the ORRI restoration reach. Once again, this indicates that the restored areas are highly attractive for Sockeye spawning. Riffles and deep riffles continue to dominate the spawning areas within the ORRI reach.
Highlights from the five years of monitoring data (2008-2012) of Phase I included (Alex et al. 2013):
• Desired spawning-flow Froude numbers achieved during construction in Phase I remained within the range preferred by salmon even after changes in the bed due to natural sediment transport processes during subsequent freshets. • Pool and riffle habitats continue to dominate the Phase I restoration area, and the channel configuration is self-sustaining for spawning salmon needs even though there has been bedload movement, gravel bar creation, and pool depth changes. • During the 2011 freshet, the newly connected ORRI floodplain was inundated with water for 3-4 weeks; observed in just over 1/3 of the floodplain area. • Post-treatment, the number of fish habitat features such as large woody debris (LWD) increased from natural transport and was sustained. • Total coverage of all macrophyte species was reduced, the proportion of introduced invasive macrophyte species was reduced, and native macrophyte species diversity increased. • Pre-treatment, no salmonids were documented during snorkel surveys; however, post- treatment snorkel surveys documented O. mykiss in Phase I in all three years from 2010 – 2012. • The proportion of Sockeye spawners in Phase I increased over upstream unchanged reach (i.e. Phase II reach), and continued increase over pre-treatment conditions for Phase I. • Low egg-incubation survival was an issue in the pre-treatment ORRI sites, but drastically improved in Phase I post-treatment with survival rates similar to those measured in natural reaches. • Spawning substrate gravel sizes changed between post-treatment 2009 and 2012 becoming more diverse after the two freshets of 2011 and 2012.
ONA Fisheries Department 39 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
The highlights from the 2014 monitoring data included (Machin et al. 2015):
• Natural spawning areas were created in the river mainstem. • The side channel acted as a water quality refuge during a high turbidity event.
The highlights from the 2015 monitoring data included (Rivard-Sirois et al., 2016): • Channel configuration within the entire reach remained self-sustaining even though natural sediment transport processes occurred since the construction works. • The diversity of fish habitats and features in the ORRI reach is maintained over time. The total number of large woody debris continued to increase, however the log jam created in 2011-2012 disappeared during the 2014 freshet flows. The number of boulders continued to reduce. These boulders were placed over the entrance and exit channel of both reconnected oxbows and are loss because they become embedded in the gravel overtime. • As desired, the ORRI restoration works haven’t impacted the Parkrill Outlet (SWE elevation remained as pre-treatment and predicted by the HECRAS model). • In this very low Sockeye escapement year, the proportion of the entire run using the Phase I for spawning was 3 times more than pre-treatment.
• Effective Sockeye spawning occurred in above VDS 13, within Phase I and the pool created above Phase II. The spawning conditions remained mostly within preferred range for Sockeye. • Phase II Side Channel and the connected Upper Pond acted as temperature refugia for a few days during the summer. • O. mykiss have started to colonize the Phase II Side Channel and a few juveniles were captured during minnow trapping efforts in the spring, only 2 years post construction.
The highlights from the 2016 monitoring data included (Rivard-Sirois et al. 2017):
• The high freshet created gravel recruitment to the ORRI site, increasing spawning areas within the ORRI reach, but also creating blockage issue in the approach channel creating at low flows. The sediment blockage was manually removed and berm breach was temporally patched. • SWE recorded in the river at Parkrill Outlet at 60 m3/s remained as predicted by the HEC-RAS. • The bankfull distance to the top of the bank and the low flow distance to the top of the bank remained as modelled. River flows of ≈80 m3/s are required to activate the floodplain notches.
• Just under a third of the Lougheed/Nemes floodplain was inundated during 2016 spring freshet which was favorable to the floodplain’s flora and fauna.
• The total number of days with mean daily temperature >15.6oC (general salmonid threshold) remained slightly lower in the side channel than the river mainstem (mostly due to connection to groundwater and partial connection to Upper Pond).
ONA Fisheries Department 40 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
• Both juveniles and adults O. mykiss were observed using the restored river features in Phase II. Juveniles O. mykiss were observed in the Phase I reach.
• The restored areas are highly attractive for Sockeye spawning. Approximately 20% of the run (in the Index section) was enumerated in the ORRI restoration reach in 2016, which is 2 times more than pre-treatment. The proportion of the run using the reach upstream of ORRI has also increased since the construction of Phase II riffle.
• Even though this year was an average Sockeye escapement, a total 19,015 m2 of effective spawning occurred throughout the ORRI restoration reach which is typical of high escapement years, such as 2014.
• Since 2008, Sockeye spawning redd area size varied yearly between 0.3 m2 and 2.5 m2 pending the abundance of spawners. Redd superimposition occurs when >50% of the total available spawning area is used. • The spawning conditions (water depth, water velocity and Froude Number) measured at Sockeye redds remained mostly within the preferred range for this species.
7.1 Recommendations and next steps: 2018 is the last year (year 5) of secured funding for this monitoring program. It will be especially important to monitor all aspects of the program and track site stability and changes. Based on results obtained to date, we recommend:
• Continue to monitor the aquatic and terrestrial responses as the proposed workplan with the following additions: o Re-survey the offset of the water level loggers to ensure no change occurred over time and adequate calibration. o Scope other methods to survey salmonids rearing in Phase II side channel, in the spring. o Confirm at what river flows the Upper Pond become connected to the side channel. • Scope potential improvements of the Phase II side channel, especially for spring rearing habitat. • Scope option to increase the engagement of the Lougheed floodplain notches during freshet. • Continue funding research and/or seek collaboration with local University/College for the study of the parameters currently unfunded. Analyse further the sediments transport processes in the restoration reach, as well as, the interactions between river and the reconnected floodplain.
• Continue the funding research for improvements of the Lougheed Floodplain and Lower Pond. • Continue the funding research for creation of riffles and salmon spawning areas below VDS 13.
The ONA looks forward to documenting the successes and challenges of these projects as part of the larger vision of the Okanagan Nation Elders to heal the river by “bringing it back” kł cp’əlk’ stim’.
ONA Fisheries Department 41 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
8.0 References
Alex, K. and C. Rivard-Sirois. 2010. Aquatic monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2009. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.
Alex, K., C. Louie, Z. Masters, C. Rivard-Sirois, A. Stevens and J. Squakin. 2013. Aquatic monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2012. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Alex, K., C. Rivard-Sirois, and J. Enns. 2014. Okanagan Sub-basin Habitat Improvement Program (OSHIP) Project implementation effectiveness. Prepared for the Colville Confederated Tribes. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Alex, K., C. Louie, N. Lukey, C. Mathieu, H. Sungaila, and J. Squakin. 2015. Okanagan Sub-basin Habitat Improvement Program (OSHIP) Project implementation effectiveness 2014-2015. Prepared for the Colville Confederated Tribes. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Benson, R. and N. Audy. 2012. Okanagan River Sockeye Spawner Enumeration and Biological Sampling 2010. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance – Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.
Bjorn, T. C. and D. W. Reiser. 1991. Habitat requirements of salmonids in stream, in. Meehan, W. R. (Ed.) Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19. Bethesda, Maryland.
Bull, C. J. 1999. Fisheries habitat in the Okanagan River Phase I: Options for protection and restoration. Prepared for Public Utility District No. 1 of Douglas County Washington.
Bull, C., M. Gaboury and R. Newbury. 2000. Okanagan River Habitat Restoration Feasibility. Prepared for Public Utility District No. 1 of Douglas County, Washington and Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Kamloops, BC.
Bussanich, R., R. Benson, N. Audy, and A. Warman. 2012. q̓awsitkʷ [Okanagan River] Sockeye spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2010. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.
COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada). 2012. Wildlife Species Search. http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/index_e.cfm
Coulombe-Pontbriand, M. and Lapointe, M. 2004. Geomorphic Controls, riffle Substrate Quality, and Spawning Site Selection in Two Semi-Alluvial Salmon Rivers in the Gaspe Peninsula, Canada. River Res. Applic. 20: 577–590.
ONA Fisheries Department 42 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Cunjak, R.A., D. Guignion, R.B. Angus, and R. MacFarlane. 2002. Survival of eggs and alevins of Atlantic salmon and brook trout in relation to fine sediment deposition. pp. 82-91. In D.K. Cairns (Ed.). Effects of land use practices on fish, shellfish and their habitats on Prince Edward Island. Can. Tech. Rpt. of Fish. and Aquat. Sci. 2408:157p.
Dale, N. and L. Burge. 2013. A Grain size analysis of substrate sediment in a remediated reach of the Okanagan River, British Columbia. Honors thesis. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of British Columbia – Okanagan.
Davis, C., M. Squakin, L. Wiens, and T. Kozlova. 2009. Okanagan River Sockeye Spawner Enumeration and Biological Sampling 2008. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance – Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Emery, J. 2007. Terrestrial Habitat Enhancement Plan Nemes/Lougheed Property Oliver, British Columbia February 2007. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Emery, J. 2008. Terrestrial Habitat Enhancement Plan. Nemes/Lougheed Property. Oliver. British Columbia. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Emery, J. 2009. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative, South Okanagan, British Columbia Biological Monitoring Report 2006-2009. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Emery, J. 2010. Riparian Habitat Restoration of Priority Sites for Yellow-breasted Chat Recovery in the South Okanagan, British Columbia summary report 2009-2010. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Emery, J. 2011. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative, South Okanagan, British Columbia Biological Monitoring Report 2010-2011. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Emery, J. 2012. Riparian Habitat Restoration of Priority Sites for Yellow-breasted Chat Recovery in the South Okanagan, British Columbia summary report 2011-2012 for methods and detailed results. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Emery, J. 2013. Priority Sites for Riparian Restoration – South Okanagan – Avian Point Counts – Data. Summary Report. Solitudo Environmental Services Inc. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Environment Canada. 2010. Laboratory Methods: Processing, Taxonomy, and Quality Control of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Samples. Available at: http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/CDC2A655-A527- 41F0-9E61-824BD4288B98/CABINLabMethodsManual.pdf
Flanagan, J. 2003. The impacts of fine sediments and variable flow regimes on the habitat and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs. MSc Thesis. University of New Brunswick. Fredericton, NB.
Groot, C. and L. Margolis (Eds). 1991. Pacific Salmon Life Histories. UBC Press. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
ONA Fisheries Department 43 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Hyatt, K.D. and D.P. Rankin. 1999. A habitat based evaluation of Okanagan Sockeye Salmon Escapement Objectives. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/191.
Hyatt, K.D., M.M. Stockwell, H. Wright, L. Weins, and P. Askey. 2009. Okanagan Fish and Water Management Tools Project Assessments: Brood Year 2008 Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Abundance and Biological Traits. Report to file: JSIDS-SRe05-2009. Salmon in Regional Ecosystems Program, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo.
Hyatt, K.D., M.M. Stockwell, H. Wright, L. Weins, and P. Askey. 2010. Okanagan Fish and Water Management Tools Project Assessments: Brood Year 2009 Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Abundance and Biological Traits. Report to file: JSIDS-SRe05-2010. Salmon in Regional Ecosystems Program, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC.
Hyatt, K.D., M.M. Stockwell, H. Wright, L. Weins, R. Bussanich, and P. Askey. 2011. Okanagan Fish and Water Management Tools Project Assessments: Brood Year 2010 Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Abundance and Biological Traits. Report to file: JSIDS-SRexx-20xx. Salmon in Regional Ecosystems Program, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC.
Jensen, E.V. 2006. Cumulative Effects Monitoring of Okanagan Streams using Benthic Invertebrates, 1999 to 2004. Prepared by the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection Division, Penticton, BC.
Kondolf, G.M. 1997. Application of the pebble count: Reflections on purpose, method, and variants. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (formerly Water Resources Bulletin) 33: 79-87.
Lawrence, S. 2003. Okanagan River Sockeye spawning habitat assessment 2002; of the Fish-Water Management Tools Project. Prepared by the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Long, K. 2005. Okanagan River Sockeye Spawning Habitat Assessment 2004. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Long, K., R. Cunjak, and R. Newbury. 2006. The effects of redd site selection and redd geometry on the survival of incubating Okanagan Sockeye eggs. Masters Thesis, University of New Brunswick.
Long, K. and C. Rivard-Sirois. 2009. Aquatic monitoring the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) - the initial year, 2008. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Lukey, N. 2014. Post-Construction herpetofauna and vegetation monitoring for the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Machin, D., K. Alex, C. Louie, C. Mathieu, and C. Rivard-Sirois. 2015. Aquatic monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2014. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Mandaville, S.M. 2002. Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters – Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols. Project H-1. Soil and Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax.
ONA Fisheries Department 44 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Masters, Z. and L. Burge. 2010. Substrate Composition Data report for the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI). Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Prepared by the Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of British Columbia – Okanagan.
Masters, Z. 2010. Substrate Composition of the Restored Northern Section of Okanagan River and its Adjacent Oxbow Lakes. Honours Thesis prepared by the Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of British Columbia – Okanagan. Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department.
McDaniels, T.R., K.M. Pratt, T.R. Meyers, T.D. Ellison, J.E. Follett, and J.A. Burke. 1994. Alaska Sockeye salmon culture manual. Alaska Department of fish and Game Division of commercial Fisheries Management and Development Special fisheries Report No. 6. Juneau, AK.
McGrath, E., C. Rivard-Sirois, and C. Louie. 2011. Aquatic monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2010. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC
Merrit, R.W. and K.W. Cummins. 1996. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Kendell/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque, Iowa. 3rd Edition.
MOE (Ministry of Environment of British Columbia). 2006. British Columbia Approved Water Quality Guidelines. 2006 Edition. Prepared pursuant to Section 2(e) of the Environment Management Act, 1981. Original signed by Don Fast, Assistant Deputy Minister, Environment and Lands HQ Division, Sept. 1998. Updated Aug. 2006. Available at: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines /approv_wq_guide/approved.html
MOE (Ministry of Environment of British Columbia). 2012. Habitat Atlas for Wildlife at Risk. South Okanagan Species at Risk. Available at: http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/sir/fwh/wld/atlas/about/ about_index.html
Mould Engineering. 2010. Design Summary Report Okanagan River Restoration Initiative Phase I Nemes – Lougheed Reach.
National Geographic. 2009. Top Ten Endangered Canadian Rivers Named. Available at: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/07/0707_030707_canadarivers.html
Newbury, R. and M. Gaboury. 1993. Stream analysis and fish habitat design: a field manual. Newbury Hydraulics and the Manitoba Habitat Heritage Corporation.
NPCC (Northwest Power and Conservation Council) 2004. The Okanogan Sub-basin Management Plan.
Overstreet, B.T., C.S. Riebe, J.K. Wooster, L.S. Sklar, and D. Bellugi. 2016. Tools for gauging the capacity of salmon spawning substrates, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 41(1), 130–142.
Payne, B. A. & Lapointe, M.F. 1997. Channel Morphology and Lateral Stability: Effects on Distribution of Spawning and Rearing Habitat for Atlantic Salmon in a Wandering Cobble-bed River. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 2627–2636.
ONA Fisheries Department 45 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Peterson, R.H. and J.L. Metcalfe. 1981. Emergence of Atlantic salmon fry from gravels of varying compositions: A laboratory study. Publication 1020, Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station: St-Andrews, New Brunswick.
Phillips, B. 2004. Okanagan River Sockeye Spawning Habitat Assessment 2003; Task B3 of the Fish-Water Management Tools (FWMT) Project. Prepared by Summit Environmental Consultants ltd. For the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Reynoldson, T.B., C. Logan, T. Pascoe, and S.P. Thompson. 2006. CABIN, (Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network) Invertebrate Biomonitoring, Field and Laboratory Manual. National Water Research Institute Environment Canada.
RIC (Resource Information Committee). 1998. Manual of standard operating procedures for hydrometric surveys in British Columbia. Prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Resources Inventory Branch for the Aquatic Inventory Task force. Version 1.0.
Rivard-Sirois, C. and K. Alex. 2010. Construction report, Okanagan River Restoration Initiative-Phase I. Summer 2009. Prepared by the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.
Rivard-Sirois, C. 2014. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) Phase II – Construction Works. 2010- 2014. Prepared for the ORRI Steering Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Rivard-Sirois, C. 2014. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) Modification of VDS 13 - Construction Report. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Rivard-Sirois., C. 2016. ORRI – Phase II Adaptive Management (year 3 post-construction) Memo. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Rivard-Sirois., C., K. Alex, C. Louie. 2016. Aquatic Monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2015. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Rivard-Sirois., C., K. Alex, C. Louie. 2017. Aquatic Monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2016. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Rubin, J.F. 1995. Estimating the success of natural spawning of salmonids in streams. J. of Fish Bio. 43:603-622.
Schubert, B. 1983. Okanagan Flood Control System: plan, profile and cross-sections of Okanagan River 1980 survey sheet 16 of 19. BC Ministry of Environment. Water Management Branch. Okanagan Basin Implementation Program. File no. O.B.-35 SS3 VOL8.
Schuett-Hames, D., A. Pleus, and L. Bullchild. 1994. Habitat unit survey module. Section 4 in Schuett- Hames, D. et al. (eds.), Timber-Fish-Wildlife 1994 Ambient Monitoring Program Manual. Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, Olympia, WA. TFW-AM9-94-001.
ONA Fisheries Department 46 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Schuett-Hames, D., and A. Pleus. 1996. Literature review and monitoring recommendations for salmonid spawning habitat availability. Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission.
SECL (Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd.). 2000. Okanagan River Sockeye spawning habitat assessment. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Fisheries Commission. Westbank, BC.
SECL (Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd.). 2001. 2000 Okanagan River Sockeye spawning habitat assessment. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Fisheries Commission. Westbank, BC.
SECL (Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd.). 2002. 2001 Okanagan River Sockeye Spawning Habitat Assessment. Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Fisheries Commission, Westbank, BC
SECL (Summit Environmental Consultants Ltd.). 2003. A review of geomorphic and hydraulic factors controlling the distribution, abundance and quality of Sockeye salmon habitat in the Okanagan Basin from 1900 to present. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Fisheries Commission. Westbank, BC.
Squakin, J., C. Rivard-Sirois, and E. McGrath. 2013. Aquatic Monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post –construction 2011. Prepared by the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Stockwell, M.M. and K.D. Hyatt. in prep. A detailed audit and reconstruction of Okanagan Sockeye salmon escapement estimates from 1961 to 2010. Pacific Science Advisory Review Committee Working Paper. in preparation. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC.
Voshnell, J.R. 2002. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. Blacksburg, Virginia. 442 pp.
Water Survey of Canada (WSC). 2012-2017. Available at: www.wsc.ec.gc.ca
Wolman, M.G., 1954. A method of sampling coarse bed material. Am. Geophysican Union, Transactions, 35: 951-956.
Wright, H. and K. Long. 2006. Okanagan River chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) 2005 brood year summary report. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.
Zar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis 4th Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc, New Jersey.
ONA Fisheries Department 47 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Appendix A: Monitoring methods
ONA Fisheries Department 48 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A1: Cross section sampling procedures
Sampling equipment: • Surveyors level, total station, or RTK • Stadia rod/ prism pole • Range finder • Gurly velocity meter
Study site locations: • ORRI Phase I (X sections 1-8) • ORRI Phase II (X sections 9-14)
Sampling methods: Based on the “Manual of Standard Operating Procedures” for Hydrometric Surveys in British Columbia (RIC 1998). 1. Locate and verify your monuments, and complete the lines on your data sheet describing your monuments and any changes to the site. 2. At the cross section monument, place a tagline across the watercourse. Anchor the tagline with the zero referenced to the initial point. The initial point is a permanently marked point at the start of a cross section, normally located above the high water mark on the right bank. 3. Wade across the watercourse, stringing the tagline at a right angle to the direction of the current. Secure the tagline on either shore, and determine the overall width of the metering section. Assess the approximate spacing of the verticals, according to the flow pattern. 4. Record the tagline distance for the edge of the water. If there is a steep drop at the edge of the stream, the first "vertical" depth and velocity observation should be taken close to the edge. Move to the next vertical. Record the distance indicated by the numbered marker on the tagline. Observe and record the depth of the difference and the water depth if applicable. 5. Set the current meter to the correct depth to obtain the velocity. To obtain the velocity, count and record the number of revolutions the bucket wheel makes for a duration of time between 40 and 70 seconds. • Spacing of Verticals. Obtain 20 - 25 observations of both depth and velocity for one complete measurement. If the cross section is narrow, do not space the verticals closer than 0.15 m or ensure the distance between verticals must be greater than the diameter of the current meter bucket wheel. • Position of the technician. The technician should stand to the side and downstream from the meter so as not to influence the velocity. • Position of the current meter. Hold the wading rod in a vertical position and the current meter parallel to the direction of flow while making the velocity observation. Vertical axis meters - if the axis of the meter is not kept vertical, the meter will tend to under-register. • Observing Velocities. If depths are sufficient, the calculation is based on the range of water depths from the cross sectional measurements that represent >60% of the distribution
ONA Fisheries Department 49 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A2: Froude Number calculations
Sampling equipment: • calculator
Study site locations: • ORRI Phase I reach • ORRI Phase II reach
Sampling methods:
Measurements of water depth and velocity at cross sections are needed to calculate the Froude number. The water depth, D, in metres (m) and velocity, V, in metres per second (m/s) are measured and Froude numbers are calculated using D and V measurements. Within the cross sections, water depth is documented at the same point average velocities are recorded. The average velocity of the water depth profile is taken at 60% of the water depth measuring from the water surface, using a velocity meter that records averages over 40 seconds. Velocity meters needed to be calibrated and tested periodically during the study against a Gurley meter.
The Froude number is calculated using V, D and g, which is the force of gravity (9.81 m/s2), such that: V Fr = gD In past studies (Long et al. 2006), the range of Froude numbers between 0.21 and 0.41 were found to be selected by Sockeye salmon in the Okanagan River. This analysis is the background for future analysis of red site selection at newly restored river reaches.
ONA Fisheries Department 50 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A3: Channel morphometry measurements
Sampling equipment: • 100’ tape, or range finder • camera, photo log
Study site locations: • ORRI Phase I reach • ORRI Phase II reach
Sampling methods: 1. Sketching the reach as laid out in Newbury and Gaboury (1993). 2. Beginning at a baseline (i.e. Park Rill Creek outlet) the reach is walked while recording the length and width of habitat types such as pools, riffles and glides. 3. The surface area of each feature is then calculated in meters. 4. A photograph of each habitat type is taken.
ONA Fisheries Department 51 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A4: Sinuosity measurements
Study site locations: • Entire ORRI reach (ORRI Phase I & II): XS 1-Parkrill
Sampling methods: • Based on methods set out in Newbury and Gaboury (1993). • Sinuosity = river length/valley length. • The river length is measured as the distance along the thalweg. • The valley length is the measurement of the straight line distance between the start and end of the project reach. • Google Earth imagery was used to determine river length and valley length.
2008 2012 2014 (Pre-treatment) (Post Phase I) (Post Phase II) River length (m): 970 1062 1076 Valley length (m): 910 910 910 Sinuosity 1.07 1.17 1.18
Post Phase I
Valley length Post Phase II
ONA Fisheries Department 52 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A5: Thalweg profile/reach slope
Sampling equipment: • Total station, RTK, or surveyors level (and related equipment) • range finder or measuring tape • stadia rod • data sheet, clipboard, pencil
Study site locations: • ORRI overall restored reach (Parkrill Outlet to VDS 13) • ORRI cross-sections (XS14-XS1)
Sampling methods: • The rod-holder puts the stadia rod straight up on level ground next to the end of the sight-level and determines the sigher’s pupil-level height, to the nearest tenth of a foot. • The sighted stays in place while the rod/prism holder moves downstream between 25m and 100m depending on the variability of the bed and ideally within a habitat unit (i.e. pool, riffle or glide). • The sighted and rod holder keep moving downstream as long as visibility of each other is good while staying along the thalweg. • Record at each point the change in elevation along with the distance along the thalweg and the water depth.
Analysis methods: • The gradient (i.e. the “rise over the run”) is calculated in the office for: o Overall slope: gradient from Parkrill Outlet to VDS 13. o Localized slopes: gradient between each of the cross-sections (XS14 to XS1). • The maximal slope (i.e. steepest) of all the calculated localized slopes is determined. • Downhill slopes have positive values; uphill slopes (rising bottom) have negative values.
ONA Fisheries Department 53 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A6: Surface water elevation (SWE) & Groundwater elevation (GWE)
Sampling Equipment: • HOBO freshwater data loggers (Model U20-001-01; 30-Foot Depth) • HOBO waterproof data shuttle (Model U-DTW-1) • Field computer with HOBO software • Water tape (for piezometer well) • Surveying equipment (level, stadia rod, tripod) • Repair kit, including pliers, clamps, tie raps, cloths, etc. • Data sheets • GPS • Camera • Waders and safety equipment
Study site locations: • Atmospheric: Air 25m upstream VDS 13 (16+270) • VDS 13: River 25m upstream VDS 13 (16+270) • Lougheed Access: River ORRI phase I (17+061) • ParkRill: River at ParkRill outlet (17+347) • Phase II-Pool: River ORRI Phase II: River – 15m above riffle (0+445) • Upstream Phase II: River – 500m upstream riffle • Phase II-Side Channel -Side-channel (0+160) • Upper Pond • Lower Pond • ParkRill Pond: ParkRill (West Arm) Pond • Lougheed Well: Groundwater- Phase I floodplain • Nature Trust Well: Groundwater-Phase II adjacent floodplain
Sampling methods: • Based on the “Manual of Standard Operating Procedures for Hydrometric Surveys in British Columbia” (RIC 1998). • On-going recording using HOBO data loggers. • Download water level logger data 3-4 times/year. o Download the data using the HOBO software and data shuttle. Re-launch the logger for hourly recordings. o Survey the offset of each logger to a known elevation benchmark or alternatively note the height of the water level on the gauge to the nearest centimetre. For peizometer wells, measure the distance between the top of the well and the groundwater level using the water tape. o Record the date and time measurement taken.
ONA Fisheries Department 54 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Data analysis: • Post-construction discharge and water level at Park Rill Creek were plotted against each other in excel and a linear trend line was fitted to the data. • The function of the trend line was then used to calculate projected flood flows at 119 m3/s. • The predicted value was compared to pre-construction data. • A continuous record of surface water elevations (Appendix A6) over a range of flows is required to calculate the distance between surface water elevation and the bank at high and low flows. • The bankfull distance between surface water elevation and the floodplain or top of the bank (in channelized sections) is calculated by subtracting surface water elevation at bankfull flows from floodplain elevation. The low flow distance is calculated in the same manner for surface water elevations during low flows. • Separate rating curves are then developed between the calculated distances and stream flows (Hydrometric Station on the Okanagan River near Oliver) at high and low flows, pre- and post- construction. Based on the calculated relationships, distances between water surface and bank at various flow volumes are calculated. Due to a limited range of flows encountered during the pre-treatment time period (first half of 2009), predicted distances were calculated at 7.0 m3/s and 10.5 m3/s.
ONA Fisheries Department 55 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A7: Groundwater depth
Sampling Equipment:
• Established piezometer wells • HOBO loggers
Study site locations: • Lougheed well (Phase I) • Nature Trust well (Phase II)
Sampling Methods: • Based on the “Manual of Standard Operating Procedures" for Hydrometric Surveys in British Columbia (RIC 1998). • Note the height of the water level on the gauge to the nearest centimetre • Measure as below ground level (bgl) • Record the date measurement taken
ONA Fisheries Department 56 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A8: Hydro-period and floodplain inundation
Sampling Equipment: • 100’ tape, and range finder • camera, photo log • kayak & paddle • field notes
Study site locations: • ORRI Phase I • ORRI Phase II • Lougheed floodplain • Nemes Floodplain
Sampling Methods: 1. Map the location of immerged areas with Lougheed and Nemes floodplain 2. Measure the dimensions of each mapped inundated polygon to the meter 3. Measure water depth in each immerged areas (to the cm) 4. Take photos of all the flooded sites 5. Summarize data in the office by calculated the areas of each inundated polygon 6. Record the time and date of the survey and review this with the discharge data from Water Survey of Canada station 08NM085 real-time data 7. Repeat the survey if significant changes in water discharges and therefore inundation area changes.
ONA Fisheries Department 57 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A9: Fish habitat features survey
Sampling equipment: • 100’ tape • range finder • camera, photo log
Study site locations: • ORRI Phase I reaches • ORRI Phase II reaches
Sampling methods: 1. For each Large woody debris (LWD) piece a. tally on your data sheet the number of pieces within each cross section reach b. for each LWD note the diameter and length c. note its location either on the right bank, left bank or on the islands d. If there are any pieces that don’t meet the criteria above but nevertheless seem to be serving channel-forming or habitat-creating functions, note them on your data sheet. e. For log jams, note the area covered by the jam in (m2) f. Take photos of the LWD features 2. For Pipes that extend into the river a. Note its location either on the right bank, left bank or on the islands b. for each pipe note the diameter and length c. take photos of the feature 3. For in-stream boulders present a. Note its location either on the right bank, left bank or on the islands b. for each cross section reach the total number of boulders and their average diameter c. take photos of the feature 4. For areas of the bank covered with rip rap a. Note its location either on the right bank, left bank or on the islands b. Measure the length of the bank with significant rip rap present c. Calculate the length of bank covered in rip rap in m 5. For gravel bars a. Note its location either on the right bank, left bank, along the islands or in-stream b. Note its location within the cross section reaches c. Measure the length and width of the bar d. Calculate the area of the gravel bar in m2
ONA Fisheries Department 58 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A10: Macrophytes survey
Sampling Equipment: • GPS • Zodiac • Range finder and measuring tape • Data sheets • Camera • Plastic bags and waterproof labels • Snorkel equipment • Waders and safety equipment
Study site locations: • Southern oxbow, including created entrance and exit channels (within ORRI-Phase I) • Northern oxbow, including created entrance and exit channels (within ORRI-Phase I) • Mainstem channel of ORRI-Phase I • Mainstem channel of ORRI-Phase II
Sampling methods A. Divide the river (or oxbow) in 2 portions: Right side and Left side B. Walk, or snorkel pending on visibility, in along the right portion of the riverand record information on each herbarium (area covered by macrophytes): • Note the shape of the herbarium: rectangle or triangle. • Take the measurements of the herbarium with measuring tape or the range finder depending on the size of the herbarium: length (m), width (m). • Take the GPS coordinates of the herbarium, in the middle of the herbarium. For herbarium that are 10m or more long, take a GPS point at each extremity of the herbarium. • Note the density of the herbarium (i.e. the percentage of coverage by macrophytes) along the following choices: 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. • Note each species present in the herbarium and it relative abundance (i.e. the percentage of the herbarium cover by each species). • Take pictures and note other observations. Collect a specimen of any unknown species for further identification C. Walk in along the left portion of the river and record the same information on each herbarium.
Methods for data analysis: • Group similar species due to common hybridization and morphological similarity
ONA Fisheries Department 59 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A11: Invertebrate monitoring
Field sampling was conducted according to CABIN (Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network) protocol. Documents such as field manuals with detailed methods, equipment list, and data sheets can be accessed at: http://www.ec.gc.ca/rcba-cabin/default.asp?lang=En&n=74876ADD-
Sampling equipment:
• D-frame kicknet w/ 500 um mesh • Velocity meter or tennis ball • Wide mouth sample jars (250ml) • Ethanol or Formalin • Forceps • GPS • Wash bottle and swirl bucket • Thermometer • Tape measure • Stop watch • Waterproof labels • Data sheets • Camera • Waders and safety equipment
List of Reaches (2008 and 2012): • Reference site (Natural section) • Above ORRI site (Semi-natural) • Within ORRI site • Below ORRI site (Channelized)
Sampling methods: A. In 2012, GPS coordinate data from 2008 were used to ensure sampling was conducted in the same location for all sites. B. Two replicate samples were collected at each site. C. Get invertebrate sample by walking and scuffing stream bed in a zigzag, starting downstream and going upstream – net needs to be downstream and close to feet. D. Zigzag up riffle for 3 minutes. E. Rinse sample into 250ml wide mouth jars – sample jar should have 2/3 sample and 1/3 preservative. F. Do random walk (100 pebble count) to determine substrate size. G. Take channel measurements, which include velocity, bankfull width, and wetted width for 3 XS H. Send to invertebrate identification lab (Cordillera Consulting, Summerland, BC). Note: Invertebrates should be collected at the end of September, beginning of October.
ONA Fisheries Department 60 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Data analysis:
Benthic invertebrate samples were processed by Sue Salter (Cordillera Consulting), a North American Benthological Society certified taxonomist based out of Summerland, British Columbia. Samples were processed following Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network (CABIN) protocol (Environment Canada 2010).
Several metrics were calculated for each of the eight (4 sites x 2 replicate samples) benthic invertebrate samples collected in 2008 (pre-treatment) and 2012 (post-treatment). Individuals not identified to the family or genus level were excluded from the data set prior to analysis, with the exception of the ‘total number of benthic invertebrates in sample’ metric. Benthic invertebrate diversity was calculated at the family level using the Shannon Index:
= 𝑆𝑆 ( ) ′ 𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖 𝐻𝐻 − � 𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖=1 where H’ is the diversity index, S equals the total number of families, and pi is the frequency of the ith family. Diversity was not calculated at the genus/species level because too few individuals were able to be identified to this level of taxonomic resolution.
A benthic index of biological integrity (B-IBI) developed by Jensen (2006) to assess the health of the Okanagan’s lowland streams was calculated for each sample. The Okanagan B-IBI is based on the following five metrics, which were all selected for their predictable and measurable response along a gradient of human impact.
• Total number of taxa • Number of Plecoptera (stonefly) taxa • Number of Ephemeroptera (mayfly) taxa • Number of intolerant taxa (tolerance values of 0-2) • Number of clinger taxa
To compare pre-treatment and post-treatment metrics, average values from each of the two replicate samples from each site were used.
ONA Fisheries Department 61 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A12: Water temperature measurements
NOTE: these methods are for the collection of water temperature from 2009 to 2012. Since 2013 water temperatures were recorded with the HOBO water level loggers (see Appendix A6)
Sampling equipment:
• 4 temperature loggers (e.g., Onset Computer Corporation Optic StowAway®, Instrumentation northwest Inc. AquiStar® PT2X, Global Water Instrumentation WL16U®) • Software (e.g., Onset Computer Corporation BoxCar Pro 4.0, Aqua4Plus®) • 4 aluminum pipes the size of the temperature logger • Aircraft carrier cable • Cable sleeves • Cutter • GPS • Data sheets • Camera • Waders and safety equipment
Installation methods: • Launch each logger using appropriate software. Set the data-recording interval to one hour. • House each logger in aluminum piping to protect the logger from damage. • Place each logger within the active channel representative of each site. • Secured each logger to a tree with aircraft cable. • Record information on the installation and a site description. • Retrieve the logger and download the data.
Data analysis: • Where complete data series existed, daily maximum temperatures were calculated from hourly data • Days with temperatures exceeding salmonid temperature thresholds of 15.6°C and 18.3°C were counted.
ONA Fisheries Department 62 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A13: Snorkeling procedures
Sampling equipment: • Snorkel equipment • wetsuit • Kayak • GPS • Data sheets • Camera • Safety equipment
List of reaches: • McIntyre Dam to the Bridge at Highway 97 (natural reach) • Bridge at Highway 97 to the channelized portion of the river (semi natural reach) • Channelized portion of the river to Park Rill Creek outlet (channelized reach) • Park Rill to Cross section 8 (ORRI-Phase II reach) • Cross section 8 to VDS 13 (ORRI-Phase I reach )
Survey Methods: Snorkeling survey was conducted to identify, enumerate, and classify salmonids and non-salmonids into length categories. Data collection was recorded per reach and included the start and end times, species (for salmonids), family (for non-salmonids), the number of fish of each species or family, and the length category (<100mm, 100-300mm, or >300mm) (Table). The underwater visual distance, average wetted width, stream temperature and environmental conditions at the time of the survey were also recorded.
The number of crew members needed for the snorkel survey is dependent upon the underwater visual distance. In 2008, five snorkelers as well as one person in charge of recording the note were required. Each snorkeler snorkeled downstream in a straight line across the wetted width of the stream and spaced in intervals determined by the underwater visual distance. Snorkel survey commenced at the upstream end of the study site and ended at the downstream end of the site.
Table: Description of the biological measurements collected.
Measurement General Description Units Salmonids and non-salmonids are identified to species Fish species Species or family where possible. Number of fish The number of fish of each species and family are counted. Number Counted fish are measured and classified into one of three Length category Millimetres fish length groups (<100mm, 100-300mm, or >300mm).
ONA Fisheries Department 63 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A14: Redd distribution assessments
Sampling equipment: • GPS • Depth stick • Velocity meter • Range finder
List of reaches: • McIntyre Dam to VDS12 – Index reach • VDS12 to Osoyoos Lake – VDS reach
Survey methods: The Okanagan River was surveyed between 2000 and 2004 just after spawning had occurred (SECL 2000, 2001, 2002; Lawrence 2003; Long 2005). Within the index section a transect was surveyed across the river at 200m intervals. Both a hip chain and a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver was used to locate each transect.
The entire surveyed area was sketched in detail (McIntyre Dam to Osoyoos Lake). All patches of redds were mapped and measured and spawner density within each redd patch was estimated to the nearest 25%. The highest observed redd densities were taken to represent 100% density with medium low and very low observed redd densities representing 75%, 50% and 25%, respectively. Single redds were not included as redd patches. In addition to clearly defined single redds, any patches smaller than 6 m2 were assumed to be single redds based on our experience observing Sockeye redds in the Okanagan River over the past four spawning seasons.
Patterns in spawning habitat location within the channel were also identified, namely the distribution of individual measured redds (i.e., those near transects) and redd patches by spawning habitat type. The six spawning habitat types are: 1. Deep riffle: deep turbulent flow found throughout the site length, with depths greater than 0.3m; 2. Run-end: shallow to deep runs found immediately upstream of islands or mid-channel bars; 3. Riffle: shallow turbulent flow found throughout the site length, with depths less than 0.3m; 4. Margin: found along the steep sides of islands, bars, and banks especially on the downstream side of inside bends; 5. Side-channel: characterized as having much shallower water than the main channel but not including areas where the main channel split into nearly equal halves; and 6. Bar-end: a sub-class of margin habitat found on the low gradient downstream tails of bars.
In each redd patch water depth and water velocity are measured using a Gurley current meter. Descriptive statistics (mean, range, standard deviation) are calculated for each of the habitat variables, using data from all of the redd patches measured.
ONA Fisheries Department 64 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A15: Salmon spawning enumeration survey
Sampling equipment: • Zodiac boat • Paddles • Personal safety gear • Tally counters • Thermometer • Polarized glasses for crew • Brimmed hats for crew
List of reaches: • Index reach o McIntyre Dam to Highway 97 Bridge o Highway 97 Bridge to Channel section o Channel to Park Rill Creek o Phase II ORRI o Phase I ORRI o VDS13 – VDS12 • VDS reach o VDS12 to Osoyoos Lake
Survey Methods: • Zodiac floats are completed every 5 days from Sept 15th to Nov 1st • The floats consisted of a single sweep of the index section with one boat and a crew of three. • All floats include walks of the side channels. • DFO ground level Stream Inspection Logs (SIL’s or BC16 forms) are used throughout the float surveys. • All salmon species are counted • Spawning and holding are ascertained • Count quality is documented (visibility, brightness and weather etc.) • In the VDS reach, bank walks are conducted by a single observer walking along both banks and over the drop structure. • The bank walks are confined to the fenced area upstream of each structure.
ONA Fisheries Department 65 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A16: Egg incubation assessments
Sampling equipment: • GPS • Depth stick • Velocity meter • Egg baskets • Temperature loggers • 3cm sieve
List of reaches: • Natural reach • ORRI Phase I • ORRI Phase II Figure: Incubation basket (Flanagan 2003)
Survey methods: To determine egg survival, survival rates are measured from incubation baskets in artificial redds placed within study reaches. Sockeye eggs are collected from wild fish caught as part of the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department’s (ONAFD) broodstock program in accordance with the Alaska Protocol (McDaniels et al 1994). The time elapsed between extracting the eggs and having them set in artificial redds was ≤4 hours.
Control baskets are also prepared the same way, seeded with the same batch of eggs, and kept on site under similar conditions as the incubation baskets. Control baskets are retrieved and the eggs are checked for notochord development after 150 Accumulated Thermal Units, which is usually 10 to 15 days after fertilization using the vinegar technique1. The results of on-site controls are used to correct for the survival of eggs in baskets by accounting for egg viability and the success of fertilization.
Seeded incubation baskets are placed in artificial redds. To prevent the risk of density dependent mortality, only densities of 100 eggs per 2860 cm3 were use. This density is well below recommended densities of 30 eggs per 108 cm3 (Rubin 1995). The baskets are covered from the upstream side with clean sieved gravel to avoid the chance of fines being introduced into the basket. Only a portion of the basket lid was left exposed.
1 Seimens, M. Manager, Summerland Trout Hatchery Summerland, BC. personal communication, October 5, 2002). The vinegar technique: by soaking salmon eggs in vinegar only days after fertilization is suspected, the notochord becomes opaque in the translucent egg and a present notochord verifies that the egg has been fertilized and is beginning to develop.
ONA Fisheries Department 66 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Incubation baskets are removed from their artificial redds simply by pulling them out. A bucket is placed below the basket as soon as it is retrieved from the redd in order to collect all the sediment that accumulates within the basket. Once the basket is retrieved, the contents are separated to count live and dead eggs; gravel is sieved from the accumulated fines. The displacement volume of gravel placed inside the basket (> 2 mm) is measured along with the measurement of each piece’s b-axis. The b-axis is neither the largest or smallest diameter of the gravel and therefore it represents the average substrate diameter. Fine sediment (<2 mm) is bagged on site for drying and sieving in the lab.
The median size of the diameter of the gravel both within the incubation baskets and those in hummocks built by Sockeye are measured to determine if the gravel matrix inside the incubation baskets is representative of the matrix in hummocks built by wild Sockeye salmon. All of the gravel placed in the incubation baskets is measured. In a portion of the natural redd hummocks measured, 24 particles of gravel are collected from the top of the hummock. Substrate sizes are measured using calipers along the b-axis (i.e. neither the longest nor the shortest). In order to determine if the gravel sizes in artificial and Sockeye built redds are similar, the D50 (or median of the 24 samples from each basket or hummock) is compared using a Mann-Whitney test statistic. This non-parametric test is typically chosen because of the non-normal distribution substrate sizes found in past work.
The percent survival for each basket is recorded as survival (S, as a %) to pre-hatch and is calculated as:
where n is the number of live eggs (or emergent fry for 2002) enumerated upon retrieval of basket; i equals the initial number of eggs placed in basket (e.g. i = 100); and m is the number of dead eggs in hatchery/control group (Cunjak et al. 2002). The survival values (S%) were tested for statistical difference between the two reaches using a two sample t-test (α = 0.05; Zar 1999). The data was assumed to be normal and homogeneous.
ONA Fisheries Department 67 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A17: Fine sediment collections and analysis
Sampling equipment: • Flow isolation chamber • Weights • Buckets, shovel • Tarp • Scale • Tripod • Granulometer • Field Sieves • Sample bag, permanent marker • Data sheets • Camera • Waders and safety equipment
Sites location: • Within ORRI-Phase I site - 6 sample sites as well as 3 grab samples of fines • Within ORRI-Phase II site - 2 sample sites
Sampling methods: The methods that we will be used for the sediment are described in Payne & Lapointe (1997) and Coulombe-Pontbriand & Lapointe (2004). Bulk sampling of the surface and sub-surface bed material requires four samples to be collected (2 replicates of surface and sub-surface samples at each site). Sample holes will be 20 to 30 cm deep. The coarser particles will be wet sieved directly in the field at single phi-intervals ranging from 256mm to 16 mm. Representative sub-samples of particles smaller than 16mm will be brought to the laboratory to be dry sieved down into 4 partitions (2mm; 0.85mm; 0.025mm; remaining). Each sieve partition will be weight.
To minimize the loss of fine particles during the sampling, a flow-isolation will be used. The device is composed of a pentagonal enclosure, measuring approximately 1m X 1m X 1m, with an open top and bottom, driven 5–10 cm into the substrate. After insertion, the perimeter is held down with weights.
Percentages of fine material in the samples will be then compared to the Sand Index (SI) as described in Peterson & Metcalfe (1981). The Sand Index is defined as: SI = Sc/16 + Sf/8 Sc is the percentage by weight of the coarse sand fraction (between 0.5 and 2 mm) and Sf is the percentage by weight of the fine and medium sand fraction (smaller than 0.5 mm). A Sand Index value is considered excellent if smaller than 1, mediocre if between 1 and 1.5 and poor if larger than 1.5 (Peterson & Metcalfe, 1981).
ONA Fisheries Department 68 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A18: Streambed gravel assessments
Sampling equipment: • Calipers • Data sheets • Camera • Waders and safety equipment • Buckets
Site locations: • at each of the cross section (13) in Phase I and 2 of ORRI
Sampling methods: (From Kondolf 1997, Wolman 1954, and Schuett-Hames et al. 1994) 1. The counter(s) walk back and forth within a riffle/run across the entire channel bottom where the stream runs during normal flows, Don’t sample at pools or “glides” (places of deep, uniform-depth, slow-moving water). 2. Walk heel-to-toe straight across this channel. 3. Straight down to the stream-bottom along the line drawn at the tip of your boots. 4. Don’t count bedrock, garbage, construction debris, or organic materials. Otherwise, measure whatever you first touch with the welding rod, be it silt, gravel, or a boulder. 5. If you hit fine sediment that covers a rock completely (not sporadically), count the fines, not the rock. 6. If you’ve hit fine sediment, you don’t need to pick it up. Just call out “fines,” and the recorder will enter a tally in the “<4 mm” row. 7. Otherwise, pick up the first piece you hit and measure its diameter along its intermediate axis, which is perpendicular to the other two. To find this, first find the longest axis; then find the smallest axis that is perpendicular to the longest axis. There is now one more axis that is perpendicular to both the longest and shortest axes—that is the intermediate axis (Schuett-Hames et al., 1994) 8. If you can’t easily remove the rock from the bed, excavate around it and measure it in place. (You may have to “let the dust clear” for a few seconds.) The intermediate axis will be the smaller of the two exposed axes. 9. For each piece of sediment measured, make two tallies on your data sheet: a. one in the appropriate row for the piece’s size class, in either the “Loose” or “Embedded” column (not both!). The classes are: < 4 mm; 4-5.7 mm; 5.7-8 mm; 8-11.3 mm; 11.3-16 mm; 16-22.6 mm; 22.6-32 mm; 32-45.3 mm; 45.3-64 mm; 64-90.5 mm; 90.5-128 mm; 128- 181 mm; 181-256 mm; 256-362 mm; 362-512 mm; >512 mm. (These increments are called “half-phi” classes; they increase by the square root of two and mimic data collected by putting sediment through successively finer sieves.) b. one in the “Total tally” row, to keep track of how many pieces you’ve counted. The recorder should verbally repeat each measurement back to the caller for error checking before placing the tally mark. 10. Repeat this procedure, walking heel-to-toe and crossing back and forth across the riffle.
ONA Fisheries Department 69 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX A19: Minnow trapping procedures
Sampling equipment: • 10 minnow traps (mesh size: 6mm; circular opening diameter: 2cm) • Baits contained in nylon bags • Twine, knife • Data sheets • GPS • Camera • Waders and safety equipment
Study site locations: • ORRI Phase II side channel (from end of the Entrance channel to beginning of the Exit channel).
Installation methods: • Place 10 minnow traps throughout the side channel, distributing them ≅25m apart from each other. • Bait each trap with salmon row, cat food, and/or commercial bait. • Secure each trap to the surrounding vegetation with twine. Flag and identify each trap. • Completely submerge each trap orienting the trap opening in the direction of the stream flow or expected fish movement. • Leave traps over 24-hour fishing period; then check for fish presence; re-bait and install traps for another 24-hour fishing period (total 48 hour). • Identify and count all species of fish caught.
Data analysis: • Catch per unit effort is calculated by number fish caught/per day (24h).
ONA Fisheries Department 70 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Appendix B: Monitoring data and analysis
ONA Fisheries Department 71 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B1: Yearly river hydrographs since ORRI restoration work (Source: WSC 2018)
2009: Construction Phase II – DROUGHT YEAR 2010: NORMAL YEAR
2011: VERY HIGH FRESHET YEAR (gravel recruited) 2012: VERY HIGH FRESHET YEAR (gravel recruited)
2013: Construction Phase II & VDS 13 2014: HIGH FRESHET YEAR (gravel recruited) VERY HIGH FRESHET YEAR (gravel recruited)
ONA Fisheries Department 72 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
2015: MEDIAN FRESHET YEAR 2016: HIGH FRESHET YEAR (gravel recruited)
2017: EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH FRESHET (gravel recruited)
ONA Fisheries Department 73 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B2: Cross-sectional data and other survey data
Survey info: Acronyms: Date: Nov. 7, 2017 W water/wetted
Crew: CRS, CL R River
Wx: partly cloudy I Ice
Analysis: CRS BR Bridge
Units: m WE Water edge
Base: at Phase II side channel BE Berm (along approach channel)
Reference US bridge=299.78m BLK Blockage (sediment in approach channel; dewatered)
elevation: DS bridge=299.54m US Upstream
Q (08NM085): 11 m3/s DS Downstream
P Pipe
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 301 5453292 314332 WE 297.3
302 5453292 314331 W-T 296.87
303 5453292 314329 WE 297.28
304 5453292 314328 BE 297.46
305 5453292 314328 WE-R 297.28
306 5453294 314327 W-R 296.62
307 5453293 314326 W-R 296.84
308 5453294 314324 W-R 296.73
309 5453295 314324 W-R 297.01
310 5453297 314322 W-R 296.68
311 5453299 314321 W-R 296.53
312 5453300 314322 W-R 296.41
313 5453289 314321 W-R 296.62
314 5453289 314321 W-R 296.98
315 5453288 314322 W-R 296.75
316 5453287 314322 WE-R 297.21
317 5453287 314323 BE 297.36
318 5453285 314323 WE 297.25
319 5453284 314324 W-T 296.77
320 5453280 314320 W-T 296.65
321 5453282 314319 WE 297.26
322 5453282 314318 BE 297.28
323 5453283 314318 WE-R 297.05
324 5453285 314317 W-R 296.74
325 5453285 314316 W-R 296.48
326 5453287 314316 W-R 296.55
327 5453286 314316 W-R 297.03
328 5453285 314311 W-R 296.23
329 5453285 314308 W-R 295.78
330 5453283 314310 W-R 296.21
331 5453282 314312 W-R 296.48
ONA Fisheries Department 74 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 332 5453282 314313 W-R 296.82
333 5453281 314314 WE-R 296.96
334 5453279 314315 BE 297.42
335 5453278 314315 WE 297.27
336 5453277 314316 W-T 296.57
337 5453276 314313 WE 297.26
338 5453277 314312 WE-BE 297.15
339 5453278 314311 WE-R 296.81
340 5453283 314306 W-R 295.53
341 5453280 314309 W-R 295.98
342 5453279 314310 W-R 296.63
343 5453278 314306 W-R 295.48
344 5453279 314306 W-R 295.1
345 5453277 314308 W-R 295.99
346 5453275 314311 BE 297.03
347 5453273 314313 W-T 296.8
348 5453271 314314 WE 297.27
349 5453269 314309 W-T 297.04
350 5453270 314307 WE-BE 297.26
351 5453269 314305 BE 297.01
352 5453266 314307 WE-BLK 297.26
353 5453267 314305 WE-BE 297.08
354 5453268 314302 WE-R 296.8
355 5453270 314300 W-R 295.07
356 5453262 314302 BLK 297.38
357 5453263 314300 BE 297.61
358 5453255 314296 BLK 297.51
359 5453251 314294 BLK 297.22
360 5453250 314293 W-T 296.95
361 5453251 314291 BE 297.46
362 5453252 314289 BE 297.4
363 5453253 314288 WE-R 296.82
364 5453253 314289 WE-R 296.78
365 5453247 314284 WE-R 296.82
366 5453247 314285 BE 297.23
367 5453247 314285 BE 297.23
368 5453244 314287 BE 297.58
369 5453241 314290 W-T 296.91
370 5453220 314291 W-T 296.94
371 5453205 314288 WE 296.88
372 5453189 314281 W-T 296.4
373 5453185 314280 W-T 296.74
374 5453184 314279 WE 296.89
375 5453182 314284 WE 296.87
376 5453171 314276 WE 296.85
377 5453167 314277 HWM 297.45
ONA Fisheries Department 75 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 378 5453170 314273 W-T 296.57
379 5453172 314271 WE 296.81
380 5453155 314268 HWM 297.38
381 5453156 314265 WE 296.82
382 5453157 314264 W-T 296.72
383 5453157 314263 WE 296.76
384 5453158 314264 WE 296.94
385 5453159 314251 HWM 297.57
386 5453154 314261 W-T 296.62
387 5453141 314259 HWM 297.38
388 5453142 314257 WE 296.78
389 5453144 314253 W-T 296.57
390 5453146 314250 WE 296.71
391 5453150 314246 HWM 297.42
392 5453130 314252 HWM 297.46
393 5453131 314249 WE 296.78
394 5453134 314245 W-T 296.59
395 5453136 314244 WE 296.76
396 5453139 314237 HWM 297.45
397 5453126 314227 HWM 297.43
398 5453123 314235 WE 296.75
399 5453122 314237 W-T 296.65
400 5453121 314238 WE 296.76
401 5453109 314249 HWM 297.32
402 5453104 314232 WE 296.78
403 5453106 314230 W-T 296.57
404 5453108 314226 WE 296.7
405 5453232 314291 US BR 299.78 299.79 406 5453232 314291 US BR 299.78 299.79 407 5453101 314208 HWM 297.76
408 5453097 314214 WE 296.71
409 5453093 314219 W-T 296.64
410 5453090 314224 WE 296.72
411 5453078 314218 WE 296.74
412 5453079 314213 W-T 296.52
413 5453083 314205 WE 296.75
414 5453084 314202 HWM 297.34
415 5453072 314200 WE 296.74
416 5453071 314203 WE 296.39
417 5453063 314203 W-T 296.43
418 5453054 314197 W-T 296.4
419 5453050 314194 W-T 296.33
420 5453053 314189 WE 296.75
421 5453026 314197 WE 296.75
422 5453024 314197 HWM 297.54
423 5453030 314193 W-T 295.82
ONA Fisheries Department 76 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 424 5453025 314186 WE 296.77
425 5453028 314184 W-T 296.26
426 5453005 314166 WE 296.8
427 5453009 314161 W-T 296.29
428 5453011 314157 WE 296.78
429 5453013 314152 HWM 297.23
430 5452987 314139 HWM 297.63
431 5452989 314147 WE 296.82
432 5452986 314151 WE 297.09
433 5452984 314151 HWM 297.61
434 5452987 314149 W-T 296.43
435 5452980 314147 WE 296.77
436 5452978 314148 BD 297.43
437 5452979 314146 BD 297.37
438 5452977 314147 BD 296.72
439 5452978 314142 BD 296.96
440 5452970 314143 W-T 296.67
441 5452962 314143 W-T 296.65
442 5452963 314138 HWM 297.3
443 5452954 314141 HWM-estimate 297.19 444 5452955 314130 W-T 296.63
445 5452956 314114 W-T 296.57
446 5452957 314114 WE 296.74
447 5452958 314109 WE 296.72
448 5452957 314108 W-T 296.59
449 5452954 314107 WE 296.75
450 5452957 314105 W-R 295.85
451 5452958 314104 W-R 295.52
452 5452957 314101 W-R 295.57
453 5452955 314120 DS BR 299.54 299.54 454 5453202 314291 WE 297.81
455 5453203 314283 HWM-estimate 297.52 456 5453340 314394 WE-R 297.35
457 5453339 314393 top pipe-river 299.36 458 5453312 314414 top pipe-TEN ditch 296.97 459 5453312 314415 WE-TEN-ditch 296.49 460 5453320 314405 WE in pipe 296.51
461 5453320 314405 top pipe 296.72
ONA Fisheries Department 77 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Survey info: Acronyms: Date: Nov. 14, 2017 WSE Water surface elevation Crew: CRS, CL R River mainstem Wx: sunny, partly cloudy O Oxbow Analysis: CRS WT Thalweg Units: m Base: at XS13 old dike Reference elevation: US bridge deck=299.78m Q (08NM085): 9.8-9.9
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 1 5453290 314294 PP ≈297.3 297.24 2 5453301 314283 BM1(estimate) ≈299.95 299.94 3 5453312 314314 WSE-R 297.32
4 5453311 314316 WT-R 295.99
5 5453309 314310 WSE-R 297.25
6 5453308 314311 W-R 297.17
7 5453308 314312 W-R 296.92
8 5453304 314314 W-R 296.72
9 5453303 314315 W-R 296.78
10 5453301 314316 W-R 296.46
11 5453306 314309 W-R 296.59
12 5453304 314307 W-R 296.65
13 5453302 314308 W-R 296.55
14 5453303 314304 WSE-R 297.05
15 5453303 314304 W-R 296.55
16 5453302 314306 W-R 296.51
17 5453298 314309 W-R 296.54
18 5453298 314311 W-R 296.27
19 5453296 314308 W-R 296.16
20 5453296 314306 W-R 296.42
21 5453296 314304 W-R 296.49
22 5453295 314305 W-R 296.09
23 5453294 314305 W-R 296.91
24 5453298 314302 W-R 296.37
25 5453300 314301 WSE-R 296.95
26 5453297 314300 W-R 296.26
27 5453294 314301 W-R 296.41
28 5453293 314303 W-R 296.22
29 5453292 314304 W-R 296.24
30 5453291 314305 W-R 296.09
31 5453290 314302 W-R 296.00
32 5453287 314301 W-R 295.60
33 5453288 314300 W-R 295.69
34 5453288 314299 W-R 295.39
35 5453290 314296 W-R 295.39
36 5453292 314294 WSE-R 296.76
37 5453288 314297 WSE-R 295.29
ONA Fisheries Department 78 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 38 5453286 314297 WT-R 294.77
39 5453261 314271 W-R 294.85
40 5453264 314268 WSE-R 296.77
41 5453243 314259 W-R 295.27
42 5453235 314259 W-R 295.63
43 5453229 314253 W-R 295.84
44 5453220 314245 WT-R 295.91
45 5453227 314234 WSE-R 296.78
46 5453210 314235 WT-R 295.79
47 5453211 314235 WT-R 295.77
48 5453196 314226 WT-R 295.74
49 5453169 314206 WT-R 296.00
50 5453151 314193 WT-R 295.96
51 5453139 314185 WT-R 296.02
52 5453144 314172 WSE-R 296.74
53 5453121 314170 WT-R 296.06
54 5453103 314159 WT-R 296.07
55 5453086 314150 WT-R 295.93
56 5453050 314132 WT-R 295.89
57 5453029 314121 WT-R 295.86
58 5453034 314110 WSE-R 296.72
59 5453006 314105 WT-R 295.72
60 5452998 314100 WT-R 295.52
61 5452980 314095 WT-R 295.26
62 5452955 314089 WT-R 295.28
63 5452956 314080 WSE-R 296.70
64 5452936 314078 WSE-R 296.34
65 5452932 314082 WT-R 295.21
66 5452900 314069 WT-R 295.11
67 5452886 314068 WT-R 295.34
68 5452892 314057 WSE-R 296.63
69 5452865 314050 WT-O 296.16
70 5452865 314036 WT-O 296.01
71 5452856 314027 WT-O 295.99
72 5452844 314018 WT-O 295.83
73 5452841 314016 WT-O 295.85
74 5452839 314002 WSE-O 296.44
75 5452836 314004 WT-O 295.79
76 5452820 313995 WT-O 294.75
77 5452813 313990 WT-O 295.11
78 5452800 313980 WT-O 295.21
79 5452789 313979 WT-O 295.54
80 5452789 313977 WT-O 295.38
81 5452789 313975 WSE-O 296.37
82 5452774 313972 W-O 295.83
83 5452763 313971 WT-O 295.22
ONA Fisheries Department 79 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 84 5452754 313970 WT-O 294.35
85 5452744 313970 WT-O 294.69
86 5452734 313973 WT-O 294.51
87 5452728 313978 WT-O 294.88
88 5452720 313986 WT-O 294.88
89 5452711 313996 WT-O 294.71
90 5452708 313997 WT-O 294.42
91 5452703 313994 WSE-O 296.31
92 5452702 313998 WT-O 295.12
93 5452702 314003 WT-O 295.74
94 5452698 314009 WT-O 295.98
95 5452691 314016 WT-O 295.72
96 5452674 314023 WT-O 295.56
97 5452659 314021 WSE-R 296.17
98 5452620 314032 WSE-R 296.16
99 5452575 314023 WSE-R 296.13
100 5452558 314026 WT-O 295.49
101 5452549 314022 WT-O 295.34
102 5452542 314008 WSE-O 295.89
103 5453232 314291 BM-2 299.78 299.78 104 5452901 314082 WT-R 295.25
105 5452892 314077 WT-R 295.35
106 5452872 314067 WT-R 295.55
107 5452861 314066 WT-R 295.83
108 5452843 314057 WT-R 296.21
109 5452840 314050 WT-R 295.68
110 5452811 314051 WT-R 296.02
111 5452810 314040 WSE-R 296.58
112 5452788 314047 WT-R 296.11
113 5452769 314049 WT-R 296.05
114 5452753 314051 WT-R 295.95
115 5452742 314054 WT-R 295.70
116 5452727 314054 WT-R 295.53
117 5452724 314057 WSE-R 296.32
118 5452708 314050 WT-R 294.46
119 5452691 314046 WT-R 295.82
120 5452672 314038 WT-R 295.87
121 5452671 314036 WT-R 295.14
122 5452655 314037 WT-R 294.91
123 5452582 314039 WT-R 295.29
124 5452567 314044 WT-R 295.15
125 5452544 314039 WT-R 295.89
126 5452540 314036 WT-R 295.08
127 5452540 314033 WSE-R 296.13
ONA Fisheries Department 80 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Survey info: Acronyms:
Date: Nov. 18, 2017 WSE Water surface elevation
Crew: CRS, CL R River mainstem
Wx: sunny, partly cloudy O Oxbow
Analysis: CRS WT Thalweg
Units: m
Base: west dike at Louheed oxbow
Reference elevation: VDS 13 monument 297.09m
Q (08NM085): 9.7
PT_ID North East Description Known elevation Surveyed elevation 201 5452542 314008 SWE-O 295.9
202 5452542 314013 WT-O 295.52
203 5452539 314006 WT-O 294.2
204 5452542 314005 SWE-O 295.92
205 5452528 314001 WT-O 294.22
206 5452503 313987 WT-O 294.18
207 5452484 313989 SWE-O 295.91
208 5452418 314022 WT-O 294.02
209 5452415 314021 SWE-O 295.91
210 5452416 314026 WT-O 294.39
211 5452417 314030 WT-O 295.13
212 5452419 314055 WT-O 295.04
213 5452421 314083 SWE-O 295.74
214 5452417 314073 WT-R 294.61
215 5452417 314066 WT-R 294.38
216 5452398 314059 SWE-R 295.68
217 5452371 314072 SWE-R 295.69
218 5452352 314087 WT-R 294.37
219 5452325 314096 WT-R 294.67
220 5452325 314103 SWE-R 295.68
221 5452262 314099 WT-R 294.7
222 5452258 314090 SWE-R 295.64
223 5452255 314092 VDS13 297.09 297.09 224 5452136 314129 GD-WT-R 293.45
225 5452070 314141 GD-WT-R 293.79
226 5452070 314140 GD-SWE-R 294.26
227 5452045 314143 GD-WT-R 293.66
228 5452045 314143 GD-SWE-R 294.31
229 5452114 314142 GD-WT-R 293.47
230 5452956 314120 DS BR 299.54 299.56 231 5453233 314291 US BR 299.78 299.78
ONA Fisheries Department 81 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B3: River mainstem thawleg bed slope and pool depth calculation
2017 thalweg slope (river mainstem) Location Elevation Cumulative Distance with Elevation change Slope with Phase PT_ID XS (m) distance (m) ds XS (m) with ds XS (m) ds XS US us pool 4 295.99 0 6 -0.54 -9.00% Phase II riffle crest 311 296.53 6 21 1 4.76% XS14 340 295.53 27 39 1.21 3.10% XS13 NA 294.32 66 49 -1.59 -3.24% Phase XS12 44 295.91 115 104 -0.11 -0.11% II XS11 51 296.02 219 127 0.16 0.13% XS10 57 295.86 346 77 0.58 0.75% XS9 62 295.28 423 72 -0.06 -0.08% XS8 67 295.34 495 83 -0.68 -0.82% XS7 110 296.02 578 84 0.49 0.58% XS6 116 295.53 662 72 0.62 0.86% Phase I XS5 122 294.91 734 114 -0.17 -0.15% XS4 126 295.08 848 47 0.36 0.77% XS3 128 294.72 895 80 0.11 0.14% XS2 214 294.61 975 31 1.07 3.45% XS1 NA 293.54 1006 127 -1.16 -0.91% VDS 13 VDS13 221 294.7 1133 NA NA NA Note: Downhill slopes have positive values; uphill slopes (rising bottom) have negative values.
Overall slope (Parkrill Outlet-VDS13) 0.1% Max. localized slope (XS14-XS1) 3.5%
2017 pools depth (at 10 cms) 2017 Thalweg 2017 Max 2009 As-built Depth Pool location elevation (m) depth (m) max depth (m)* variation (m) Below Phase II riffle 293.16 3.6 0.7 -2.9 Upstream Lougheed 295.11 1.5 0.9 -0.6 Lougheed oxbow 294.35 2.0 2.2 0.3 XS5-XS4 294.46 1.8 0.8 -1.0 Nemes oxbow 293.36 2.6 2.2 -0.3 XS2-XS1 293.54 2.2 0.7 -1.5 * Source: Mould Engineering 2010
ONA Fisheries Department 82 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
2008- 2012 thalweg slope (river mainstem)- Calculation updated in 2017
River Mainstem elevation (m) Local slope with ds XS Location chain (m) 2012 2009 2008 2012 2009 2008
XS 14 (17+347) Parkrill 17347 295.8 no data no data -0.34% NA NA
XS 13 (17+289) Phase II 17289 296 296.0 296.0 0.08% 0.00% -0.33%
XS12 (17+259) 17259 no data 296.0 296.1 NA 0.20% 0.30%
XS 11 (17+160) Phase II 17160 295.9 295.8 295.8 0.20% 0.10% 0.10%
XS 10 (17+061) Phase II 17061 295.7 295.7 295.7 0.39% 0.26% 0.26%
XS 9 (16+985) Phase II 16985 295.4 295.5 295.5 0.36% -0.36% -0.36%
XS 8 (16+930) Upstream Lougheed Entrance 16930 295.2 295.7 295.7 -0.48% -0.14% 0.28%
XS 7 (16+785) Lougheed Oxbow 16785 295.9 295.9 295.3 0.24% 0.84% 0.48%
XS 6 (16+702) Lougheed Oxbow 16702 295.7 295.2 294.9 1.34% -0.12% -0.24%
XS 5 (16 + 620) between oxbows 16620 294.6 295.3 295.1 -0.47% 0.33% 0.00%
XS4 (16+590) between oxbows 16590 no data 295.2 295.1 NA 0.10% 0.00%
XS 3 (16 + 493) Nemes Oxbow 16493 295.2 295.1 295.1 0.11% -0.11% -0.21%
XS 2 (16 + 398) at Nemes Exit 16398 295.1 295.2 295.3 1.20% -0.20% 0.20%
XS 1 (16 + 348) 16348 294.5 295.3 295.2 NA NA NA
Note: Downhill slopes have positive values; uphill slopes (rising bottom) have negative values.
2012 2009 2008
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Overall slope (Parkrill Outlet-VDS13) 1.3% 0.8% 0.5% Max. localized slope (XS14-XS1) Note: In 2008 and 2009, elevations at Parkrill Outlet were estimated from XS13, as data not available. Note: In 2008, 2009 and 2012 elevations at VDS 13 were estimated from XS1, as data not available.
ONA Fisheries Department 83 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Figure: Progression of thalweg bed elevation in the river mainstem and reconnected oxbows
ONA Fisheries Department 84 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B4: High-water marks observed in Phase II side channel
High-water marks & observed groundwater connection in ORRI Phase II side channel (Nov. 7, 2017)
High -water marks surveyed elevations (Nov. 7, 2017) PT_ID Elevation (m) Average HWM elevation (m): 297.5 377 297.45 Average HWM width (m): 25 380 297.38 385 297.57 387 297.38 391 297.42 392 297.46 396 297.45 397 297.43 401 297.32 407 297.76 414 297.34 422 297.54 429 297.23 430 297.63 433 297.61 442 297.3
ONA Fisheries Department 85 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B5: Calculation bankfull and low flow distances to the top of bank
Notes: 2009 is before the dike set back (elevation of floodplain is elevation of top of West dike); data recorded on portion of year. 2012 is before VDS 13 modifications which reduced SWE. SWE within the ORRI reach is also influenced by the presence of woody debris at VDS 13.
Bankfull and low flow distances to the top of bank at Lougheed access (XS11) 2009-2017 2009* 2012* 2014 2015 2016 2017
Min SWE recorded during year (m) 296.32 296.58 296.54 296.50 296.50 296.63 River Q at Min SWE (m3/s) 7.7 5.5 6.3 6.1 5.8 8.7 Max WSE recorded during year (m) 296.45 297.82 297.66 297.30 297.70 297.91 River Q at Max SWE (m3/s) 10.6 82.6 76.3 53.1 87.3 105.0 Top bank elevation (m) 298.4 298.2 298.2 298.2 298.2 298.2 Floodplain elevation (m) 299.6 297.7 297.7 297.7 297.7 297.7 Lowest flow distance to top of bank (m) 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 Highest flow distance to top bank (m) 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.3 Highest flow distance to floodplain (m) 3.2 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.2 * 2009 and 2012 data may need revision.
ONA Fisheries Department 86 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B6: Analysis of SWE recorded at various discharges
ONA Fisheries Department 87 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B7: Surface water elevations recorded at monitoring stations (water level loggers)
2017 Surface water elevations at ORRI monitoring stations (mainstem river) and river discharge
ONA Fisheries Department 88 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
2013-2017 Surface water elevations at ORRI monitoring stations (mainstem river)
ONA Fisheries Department 89 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B8: Groundwater elevations recorded at monitoring stations (groundwater wells)
2017 Water elevation at ORRI adjacent floodplains monitoring stations (groundwater wells)
ONA Fisheries Department 90 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Calculation distance groundwater elevation (GWE) with ground at monitoring wells (2014-2017)
May-Oct, 2017 Lougheed Well Nature Trust Well MAX Recorded GWE (m) 298.07 298.43 MIN Recorded GWE (m) 296.86 297.28 Ground elevation at logger (m) 298.0 297.3 MIN GWE distance with ground (m) -0.07 -1.14 MAX GWE distance with ground (m) 1.14 0.01
May-Oct, 2016 Lougheed Well Nature Trust Well MAX Recorded GWE (m) 297.90 298.21 MIN Recorded GWE (m) 296.81 297.26 Ground elevation at logger (m) 298.0 297.29 MIN GWE distance with ground (m) 0.10 -0.92 MAX GWE distance with ground (m) 1.19 0.03
May-Oct, 2015 Lougheed Well Nature Trust Well MAX Recorded GWE (m) 297.61 297.86 MIN Recorded GWE (m) 296.76 297.14 Ground elevation at logger (m) 298.0 297.29 MIN GWE distance with ground (m) 0.39 -0.57 MAX GWE distance with ground (m) 1.24 0.15
May-Oct, 2014 Lougheed Well Nature Trust Well MAX Recorded GWE (m) 297.91 298.15 MIN Recorded GWE (m) 296.74 297.12 Ground elevation at logger (m) 298.0 297.29 MIN GWE distance with ground (m) 0.09 -0.86 MAX GWE distance with ground (m) 1.26 0.17
ONA Fisheries Department 91 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B9: Water temperature data
Average daily and maximum daily water temperatures exceeding salmonid thresholds in 2017 AVERAGE DAILY MAXIMUM DAILY Side Channel Mainstem River Side Channel Mainstem River >15.6oC 104 days 116 days >15.6oC 114 days 125 days >18.3oC 72 days 84 days >18.3oC 75 days 87 days >21oC 50 days 69 days >21oC 58 days 73 days >24oC 0 day 0 day >24oC 0 day 1 day Max. mean daily 22.7oC 23.5oC Max. daily 22.7oC 24.2 oC
Average daily water temperature exceeding salmonid thresholds over time (2014-2017) Side Channel Mainstem River Upper Pond Comment >15.6oC 136 days 139 days 93 days * A few days during peak >18.3oC 87 days 84 days 34 days summer heat, sediments 2014 >21oC 60 days 60 days 1 day blocked the approach >24oC 17 days* 14 days 0 day channel before being Max mean daily 25.4 oC 25.0 oC 21.1 oC excavated.
>15.6oC 126 days 131 days 102 days Average freshet year. No >18.3oC 101 days 104 days 47 days complete flow blockage at 2015 >21oC 75 days 77 days 0 day river low flows. >24oC 19 days 21 days 0 day Max mean daily 25.7 oC 25.4 oC 20.9 oC
>15.6oC 134 days 138 days 118 days * A few days during peak >18.3oC 90 days 93 days 62 days summer heat, sediments 2016 >21oC 60 days 60 days 7 days blocked the approach >24oC 7 days 2 days 0 day channel before being Max mean daily 26.4 oC * 24.4 oC 22.1 oC excavated.
>15.6oC 104 days 116 days incomplete data set River flows reduced and >18.3oC 72 days 84 days incomplete data set side channel dewatered 2017 >21oC 50 days 69 days incomplete data set later than previous years. >24oC 0 day 0 day incomplete data set Sediment blockage not Max mean daily 22.7 oC 23.5 oC 22.7 oC excavated this year.
ONA Fisheries Department 92 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Daily average water temperatures in the ORRI-Phase II Reach overtime (2014-2017)
ONA Fisheries Department 93 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B10: Dissolved oxygen data (Phase II Side Channel)
Dissolved oxygen in Phase II side channel and salmonid thresholds during summer 2017
No. days mean daily No. hours below DO Level or effect on salmonids below thresholds thresholds <3 mg/l 1 65 mortality after 3.5 days (USPA 1986) <4 mg/l 12 315 severe production impairment (USPA 1986) <5 mg/l 24 530 potential barrier to movement & habitat selection (WDOE 2002) <6 mg/l 34 807 slight production impairment (USPA 1986) <8 mg/l 61 1525 no production impairment (USPA 1986)
ONA Fisheries Department 94 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B11: Snorkel data
No data in 2017 as river flow were too high to allow survey during summer.
2014-2016 Comparison numbers salmonids, indigenous minnows and exotic fish species between snorkel reaches
% No. No. RBT/ST No. RBT/ST Reach Total No. % No. indigenous % exotic 2016 indigenous exotic (all stages) + (all stages) + length (km) fishes* salmonids* samonids* minnows fishes minnows fishes CH (juv) CH (juv) /km NATURAL SECTION (McIntyre Dam to Hwy 3.7 1134 291 26% 136 12% 707 62% 285 78.1 bridge) SEMI-NATURAL SECTION 2.3 379 75 20% 28 7% 276 73% 74 32.2 (Hwy bridge to channel) CHANNELIZED SECTION 0.9 146 3 2% 7 5% 136 93% 3 3.3 (channel to Parkrill) ORRI PHASE II 0.5 87 7 8% 3 3% 77 89% 7 15.6 (Parkrill to XS8) ORRI PHASE I 0.7 76 2 3% 1 1% 73 96% 2 3.1 (XS8 to VDS13) OVERALL 8.0 1822 378 21% 175 10% 1269 70% 371 46.7 (McIntyre Dam- VDS 13) *Note: excluding sockeye and adult chinook
ONA Fisheries Department 95 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
No. RBT/ST No. RBT/ST Reach length Total No. % No. indigenous % indigenous No. exotic % exotic 2015 (all stages) + (all stages) + (km) fishes* salmonids* samonids* minnows minnows fishes fishes CH (juv) CH (juv) /km NATURAL SECTION 3.7 1952 62 3% 110 6% 1780 91% 39 10.7 (McIntyre Dam to Hwy bridge) SEMI-NATURAL SECTION 2.3 1394 20 1% 288 21% 1086 78% 9 3.9 (Hwy bridge to channel) CHANNELIZED SECTION 0.9 169 0 0% 5 3% 164 97% 0 0.0 (channel to Parkrill) ORRI PHASE II 0.5 78 0 0% 10 13% 68 87% 0 0.0 (Parkrill to XS8) ORRI PHASE I 0.7 295 1 0% 31 11% 263 89% 0 0.0 (XS8 to VDS13) OVERALL 8.0 3888 83 2% 444 11% 3361 86% 48 6.0 (McIntyre Dam- VDS 13) *Note: excluding sockeye and adult chinook
No. RBT/ST No. RBT/ST Reach length Total No. % No. indigenous % indigenous No. exotic % exotic 2014 (all stages) + (all stages) + (km) fishes* salmonids* samonids* minnows minnows fishes fishes CH (juv) CH (juv) /km NATURAL SECTION 3.7 490 100 20% 140 29% 250 51% 89 24.4 (McIntyre Dam to Hwy bridge) SEMI-NATURAL SECTION 2.3 310 26 8% 99 32% 185 60% 26 11.3 (Hwy bridge to channel) CHANNELIZED SECTION 0.9 48 2 4% 7 15% 39 81% 2 2.2 (channel to Parkrill) ORRI PHASE II 0.5 212 2 1% 152 72% 58 27% 2 4.4 (Parkrill to XS8) ORRI PHASE I 0.7 159 0 0% 68 43% 91 57% 0 0.0 (XS8 to VDS13) OVERALL 8.0 1219 130 11% 466 38% 623 51% 119 15.0 (McIntyre Dam- VDS 13) *Note: excluding sockeye and adult chinook
ONA Fisheries Department 96 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B12: Redd survey data Date Oct. 30, 2017 Crew CL/CRS 2017 Redd survey raw data Q (08MN085) 11.2 m3/s
Redd Redd Redd Patch Patch Patch Effective Patch Shape Froude spawn density D50 D84 Spawning Super Phase Sub-reach depth velocity @ velocity @ length width area spawning # (T/R) Fr= v/√gD 25, 50, 75, 100% (mm) (mm) habitat imposition (m) 40% (# rot) 40% (m/s) (m) (m) (m2) area (m2) ii us XS 14 1 1.00 25 0.43 R 0.14 10 22 220 75% 165 5 70 DR ii us XS 14 2 1.00 35 0.59 R 0.19 5 22 110 100% 110 10 50 DR ii xs12-11 3 0.86 36 0.61 R 0.21 4 3 12 75% 9 10 50 GL ii xs11-10 4 0.58 35 0.59 R 0.25 30 10 300 25% 75 10 50 M ii xs11-10 5 0.75 32 0.54 R 0.20 3 5 15 100% 15 20 50 M ii xs10-9 6 0.77 25 0.43 R 0.15 50 10 500 25% 125 10 40 M i xs8-7 7 1.22 22 0.38 R 0.11 30 15 450 25% 112.5 5 60 M i xs8-7 8 0.52 57 0.96 R 0.43 30 5 150 75% 112.5 20 40 DR i xs8-7 9 0.32 56 0.95 R 0.53 30 5 150 100% 150 20 40 R i xs8-7 17 0.66 27 0.46 R 0.18 43 30 1290 100% 1290 20 60 DR X i xs8-7 18 0.42 20 0.34 R 0.17 18 20 360 100% 360 10 50 R X i xs7-6 10 0.68 85 1.43 T 0.56 32 11 176 75% 132 20 40 DR i xs7-6 11 0.64 55 0.93 R 0.37 17 5 85 75% 63.75 20 50 R X i xs7-6 19 0.50 27 0.46 R 0.21 70 25 1750 100% 1750 10 50 R i xs7-6 20 0.40 38 0.64 R 0.33 40 12 480 25% 120 10 50 R i xs7-6 21 0.65 70 1.18 R 0.47 40 13 520 50% 260 10 50 R i xs6-5 12 0.30 34 0.58 R 0.34 10 30 300 100% 300 25 50 R i xs6-5 13 0.38 30 0.51 R 0.26 11 30 330 25% 82.5 25 50 R i xs6-5 22 0.30 54 0.91 R 0.53 40 28 1120 25% 280 20 50 R i xs5-4 23 0.39 33 0.56 R 0.29 23 25 575 100% 575 20 50 R i xs4-3 14 0.45 80 1.35 R 0.64 35 20 700 50% 350 10 60 R X i xs4-3 15 0.28 26 0.44 R 0.27 15 10 150 75% 112.5 10 60 R i xs3-2 16 0.48 79 1.33 R 0.61 28 20 560 25% 140 20 50 R i xs3-2 24 0.24 21 0.36 R 0.23 40 25 1000 75% 750 20 50 R i xs3-2 25 0.20 54 0.91 R 0.65 30 5 150 25% 37.5 10 40 R i xs3-2 26 0.43 60 1.01 R 0.49 30 10 300 50% 150 10 40 R vds13 xs1-VDS13 27 0.77 23 0.39 R 0.14 12 25 300 50% 150 10 40 R
ONA Fisheries Department 97 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
2017 Redd survey- SUMMARY
PHASE II + PHASE I Redd depth Redd velocity Froude Effective spawning D50 D84 (including VDS 13 and (m) (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) area (m2) (mm) (mm) upstream pool) Average 0.56 0.71 0.33 NA 14 50 Median 0.50 0.59 0.27 NA 10 50 Min 0.20 0.34 0.11 NA 5 40 Max 1.22 1.43 0.65 NA 25 70 Std 0.26 0.33 0.17 NA 6 8 Total NA NA NA 7777 NA NA
Redd depth Redd velocity Froude Effective spawning D50 D84 UPSTREAM POOL (m) (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) area (m2) (mm) (mm) Average 1.00 0.51 0.16 NA 8 60 Median 1.00 0.51 0.16 NA 8 60 Min 1.00 0.43 0.14 NA 5 50 Max 1.00 0.59 0.19 NA 10 70 Std 0.00 0.12 0.04 NA 4 14 Total NA NA NA 275 NA NA
PHASE II (excluding Redd depth Redd velocity Froude Effective spawning D50 D84 upstream pool) (m) (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) area (m2) (mm) (mm) Average 0.74 0.54 0.20 NA 13 48 Median 0.76 0.57 0.21 NA 10 50 Min 0.58 0.43 0.15 NA 10 40 Max 0.86 0.61 0.25 NA 20 50 Std 0.12 0.08 0.04 NA 5 5 Total NA NA NA 224 NA NA
Redd depth Redd velocity Froude Effective spawning D50 D84 PHASE I (m) (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) area (m2) (mm) (mm) Average 0.47 0.78 0.38 NA 16 50 Median 0.43 0.78 0.35 NA 20 50 Min 0.20 0.34 0.11 NA 5 40 Max 1.22 1.43 0.65 NA 25 60 Std 0.23 0.36 0.17 NA 6 7 Total NA NA NA 7128 NA NA
Redd depth Redd velocity Froude Effective spawning D50 D84 VDS 13 (m) (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) area (m2) (mm) (mm) Average 0.77 0.39 0.14 NA 10 40 Median NA NA NA NA NA NA Min NA NA NA NA NA NA Max NA NA NA NA NA NA Std NA NA NA NA NA NA Total NA NA NA 150 NA NA
ONA Fisheries Department 98 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX B13: Sockeye enumeration data
Details of the reach lengths used in the analysis McIntyre Dam Deer Park to Hwy Br to Channel Parkrill XS8 to VDS13 to VDS reach Reach details to Deer Park Hwy Bridge Channel to Parkrill to XS8 VDS13 VDS12 (VDS11-1) Reach setback Channel ORRI ORRI channelized natural reach VDS reach characteristics dyke reach reach Phase II Phase I reach Reach length 1.13 2.52 2.30 0.90 0.45 0.65 1.30 13.15 (km) 3.65 4.30 1.30
Details of the run size at Wells Dam and spawning ground Total live Sockeye Wells Dam Mean monthly Year Date peak* Reference at peak* counts** discharge (m3/s)*** 2008 14-Oct-08 70,618 165,334 10.5 Davis et al. 2009 2009 19-Oct-09 39,618 134,937 10.1 Audy et al. 2011 2010 16-Oct-10 87,190 291,764 12.3 Bussanich et al. 2012 2011 20-Oct-11 20,409 111,508 10.4 Benson & Audy 2012 2012 20-Oct-12 44,849 326,107 10.5 ONAFD unpub. Data 2013 15-Oct-13 21,353 129,993 13.4 ONAFD unpub. Data 2014 19-Oct-14 79,880 490,804 12.8 ONAFD unpub. Data 2015 16-Oct-15 5,589 187,055 8.2 ONAFD unpub. Data 2016 17-Oct-16 41,560 216,036 13.7 ONAFD unpub. Data 2017 11-Oct-17 4,287 42,299 10.5 ONAFD unpub. Data * in the Index section at peak spawning (Index peak Live + Dead); **www.fpc.org; ***http://www.wsc.ec.gc.ca
Percent of Total Live Sockeye enumerated in each reach at peak spawning date (updated from previous report) Note: Fish Passage was provided at Skaha Dam in 2014. Sockeye counted upstream of Skaha Dam are NOT counted in calculations for consistency. Section: Above Section: Section: Index McIntyre Dam VDS McIntyre Deer Park Channel Phase II Phase I Skaha Dam to Hwy Br to VDS 13 to VDS 11- Year Peak date * Dam to to Hwy to (Park rill (XS8 to VDS 14 Channel VDS 12 VDS 1 Deer Park Bridge Parkrill** to XS8) VDS13) 2008 14-Oct-08 X 2.5% 14.2% 67.1% 5.1% 5.2% 4.6% 1.3% 2009 19-Oct-09 7.3% 1.1% 16.7% 28.3% 19.1% 9.3% 11.2% 5.7% 1.3% 2010 16-Oct-10 2.9% 1.8% 26.6% 36.9% 13.0% 6.5% 8.9% 2.3% 1.1% 2011 20-Oct-11 4.6% 4.8% 21.0% 35.7% 10.8% 4.3% 11.8% 4.1% 3.0% 2012 20-Oct-12 2.5% 4.2% 29.8% 30.4% 15.9% 6.3% 6.2% 2.7% 2.1% 2013 16-Oct-13 5.3% 2.6% 23.8% 31.5% 7.0% 6.2% 18.2% 2.7% 2.7% 2014 19-Oct-14 1.0% 3.1% 17.7% 30.6% 24.6% 13.8% 5.3% 2.9% 1.0% 2015 16-Oct-15 1.4% 0.9% 14.9% 34.7% 12.4% 0.3% 15.8% 10.8% 8.8% 2016 17-Oct-16 0.8% 0.8% 15.0% 32.2% 27.3% 9.3% 9.8% 2.3% 2.6% 2017 11-Oct-17 0.9% 1.5% 27.0% 14.0% 8.7% 1.4% 33.5% 3.2% 9.7% * at peak spawning date (peak Live + Dead) in the Index section ; ** includes sockeye spawning in pool upstream Phase II riffle
ONA Fisheries Department 99 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Total Live enumerated in the Index and ORRI sections in 2017
General Info Index L+ D Peak
Date 26-Sep-17 2-Oct-17 6-Oct-17 11-Oct-17 14-Oct-17 17-Oct-17 20-Oct-17 23-Oct-17 26-Oct-17 31-Oct-17 4-Nov-17
Crew CL, LG, CT, KA CL, CT, LG CL, LG, CT CL, LG, CT CL, LG, CT CL,LG,CT CL, LG, CT CL, LG, CT CL, LG, CT, TM CL, LG, CT CL, LG, CT
Air Temp (oC) NA NA 10.5 13.6 6.8 16.9 15.2 7.5 7.8 4.8 -2.3
Water Temp (oC) NA 14.7 13.2 11.7 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.1 8.6 8.0 6.0
Measurement Quality
Sky Brightness full med med bright med med full med full med med
Precipitation no no no no no yes no no no no yes
% Cloud 0 85% 100% 35% 100% 100% 25% 100% 0% 100% 100%
Wind light strong med light med strong light light light light light
Water Clarity to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom to bottom
Stream Visibility low low med med med low high med med low med
Count Quality low low-med low-med med-high med low high med-high med-high med low-med
Sockeye Enumeration - Index sum
Total Live 563 726 2,062 4,271 3,851 3,599 3,827 3,289 2,357 845 322 25,712
Sockeye Enumeration Parkrill to X8 (Phase II)
Total Live 60 70 93 66 174 65 70 90 35 23 1 747
Sockeye Enumeration X8 to VDS 13 (Phase I)
Total Live 63 62 422 1,602 655 883 1,074 992 756 281 89 6,879
Percent of total Live
Phase II - Parkrill to X8 10.7% 9.6% 4.5% 1.5% 4.5% 1.8% 1.8% 2.7% 1.5% 2.7% 0.3% 3% Phase I - X8 to VDS 13 11.2% 8.5% 20.5% 37.5% 17.0% 24.5% 28.1% 30.2% 32.1% 33.3% 27.6% 27%
ONA Fisheries Department 100 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Appendix C: Summary tables from aquatic monitoring of the Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) – Post-construction 2009 - 2012
ONA Fisheries Department 101 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX C1: Parameters of stream channel response 2009-2012 Note: Some errors occurred in this table and the 2015 tables were updated with correction.
Performance Performance Status Location Results Results 2009 Results 2010 Results 2011 Results Unit Comments Indicators Criteria pre- 2012 treatment Cross- Bankfull Design dimensions Field survey Phase I 52.1 ± 4.3 93.0 ± 21.3 x x 94.5 ± 17.8 m 2008 discharge: sectional width from similar sloped Aug 8 & 13, Phase II 49.8 ± 0.8 96.8 ± 18.7 x x 92.9 ± 19.6 10.2 m3/s dimension anabranch reference 2008 2009 discharge: s reach Sept 11, 2009 9.2 m3/s Bankfull Design dimensions Nov, 10, 2010 Phase I 4.2 ± .0.2 4.3 ± 0.5 x x 3.8 ± 0.5 m 2010 discharge: depth Td=1.5-2.5m from Oct. 28, 2011 Phase II 3.9 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.7 x x 3.0 ± 0.3 12.9 m3/s similar sloped Sept 26 – 2011 discharge: anabranch reference Oct 3, 2012 10.4m3/s reach 2012 discharge: Spawn SK 0.28-0.77m (SECL Phase I 0.77 ± 0.16 0.70 ± 0.44 0.45 ± 0.20 0.47 ± 0.25 0.64 ± 0.31 m 10.4 m3/s
depth 2003) Phase II 0.55 ± 0.13 0.61 ± 0.14 0.48 ± 0.15 0.70 ± 0.16 0.83 ± 0.16 CH 0.06-0.88m WSC station (Wright & Long 08NM085 2006) Spawn SK - 0.45-0.96m/s Phase I 0.53 ± 0.15 0.59 ± 0.26 0.67 ± 0.23 0.66 ± 0.21 0.53 ± 0.17 m/s velocity (SECL 2003) Phase II 0.71 ± 0.20 0.56 ± 0.12 0.48 ± 0.11 0.50 ± 0.23 0.43 ± 0.08 CH- 0.16-1.25m/s (Wright & Long 2006) Spawn Fr = 0.315 ± 0.1 at Phase I 0.19 ± 0.06 0.27 ± 0.16 0.34 ± 0.14 0.35 ±0.17 0.32 ± 0.08 Fr Froude spawning flows of Phase II 0.32 ± 0.10 0.23 ± 0.06 0.23 ± 0.05 0.20 ± 0.12 0.15 ± 0.04 number 10cms (Long et al. 2006) Summer Average water Phase I 0.6 - 0.9 0.7 - 2.2 x x 1.20 - 2.06 m Based on flow depths increase in Phase II 0.3 - 0.6 0.7 - 0.8 0.83 - 1.04 maximum pool depth the pools depths at cross sections.
ONA Fisheries Department 102 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Performance Performance Status Location Results Results 2009 Results 2010 Results 2011 Results Unit Comments Indicators Criteria pre- 2012 treatment Channel Area of Pools are created Field survey Phase I 0 6,088 x x 7,283 m2 - morpholo pools and remain stable July 15, 2008 Phase II 0 1,612 1,482 gy over time Sept. 3, 2009 Area of Riffles are created Sept 26, 2012 Phase I 0 5,574 11,002 riffles and remain stable Phase II 0 0 0 over time Area of Amount of glides Phase I 9,995 8,496 3,354 glides decrease Phase II 11,863 10,779 8,006 Plan-form Sinuo-sity 2.3 times bank-full No sinuosity Phase I 1 1.21 x x 1.21 m - and slope width (Newbury & Gaboury 1993) Phase II 1 1 1 Slope Present slope 0.07- Field survey Phase I 0.07 0.10 x x 0.55 % Calculated as (thalweg 0.09% July 15, 2008 average bed anabranch reach June 2010 Phase II -0.01 -0.01 0.26 changes in profile) 0.13% Sept 2012 slope locally historical slope between cross 0.19% sections
ONA Fisheries Department 103 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX C2: Parameters of hydrologic response 2009-2012 Note: Some errors occurred in this table and the 2015 tables were updated with correction.
Performance Performance Status Location Results Results Results Results Results Unit Comments Indicators Criteria pre- 2009 2010 2011 2012 treatment Surface Bankfull Distance from Data analyzed Lougheed floodplain: see pre- floodplain: floodplain: x m Predicted water distance to water surface to from 2008-2011 entrance 1.75 treatment 1.69 1.50 from rating elevation the top of the top of bank 25m berm: 2.01 results berm: 2.19 no data x curve at high bank approaches zero upstream of floodplain: floodplain: flow of 10.5 VDS13 1.11 2.30 m3/s (highest pre- treatment flow value available) Low-flow Distance from Data analyzed Lougheed floodplain: see pre- floodplain: floodplain: x m Calculated distance to water surface to from 2008-2011 entrance 1.89 treatment 1.76 1.73 from rating top of bank top of bank < 1m results curve at low based on soil 25m berm: 2.13 berm: 2.33 berm: 2.34 x flow of 7.0 moisture upstream of floodplain: floodplain: floodplain: m3/s (lowest requirements of VDS13 1.23 1.44 1.44 pre- native riparian treatment communities in the flow value Southern Okanagan available) Surface water SWE upstream of 2011 &2012 data location: 297.82 logger Logger 297.75 m See Appendix elevation the project area from gauge upstream predicted stolen stolen B6 upstream of (Park Rill gauge) installed at Park ORRI (outlet from again the project shows no difference Rill of Parkrill HEC RAS area from pre-treatment Creek on the (Mould SWE 297.82m east bank) 2010) elevation at Q = 60m3/s Groundwater Groundwater Decreasing trend in Measurements piezometer range x x 51-155 cm No new m bgl = below elevation depth depth to taken in 2008 to located on 94-137cm bgl analysis ground level groundwater 2012 but only Lougheed bgl
ONA Fisheries Department 104 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Performance Performance Status Location Results Results Results Results Results Unit Comments Indicators Criteria pre- 2009 2010 2011 2012 treatment toward <1m below analyzed for property 9-80 m3/s soil surface during 2008 and 2011 (17-28m3/s) the growing season Hydro-period Hydro-period Increasing trend in Observations Lougheed no no no inundation No data - Low freshet and frequency and done 2008-2012 and Nemes inundation inundation inundation 3-4 weeks flows in 2009 floodplain duration of hydro- – measurements properties and 2010; inundation period taken in 2011 high flows in Floodplain Increasing trend in no no no > 33% No data % May - Aug inundation depth and areal inundation inundation inundation floodplain 2011 extent of floodplain inundation (>60m3/s inundation with peak 91 m3/s in 2011)
ONA Fisheries Department 105 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX C3: Parameters of fish and fish habitat response 2009-2012 Note: Some errors occurred in this table and the 2015 tables were updated with correction.
Performance Status Location Results Results 2009 Results 2010 Results 2011 Results 2012 Unit Comments Criteria pre-treatment Habitat Increasing trend Field survey Phase I 0 10 x x 6 & no. Only 2 of the LWD features in functional 15- July-08 30m2 log jam recorded in 2009 were LWD 3-Sept.-09 Phase II 1 0 1 placed during 26-Sept-12 construction the rest recruited naturally In-stream Phase I 0 336 214 no. Some displacement of boulder clusters Phase II 0 0 0 rip rap boulders with the present river bed Macro- Reduction of Completed: Phase I all sp.: 89 x x x all sp.: 9 m2 The total available area phytes invasive non- 15-Aug-08 (mainstem) exotic sp.: 7 exotic sp.: 3 in both oxbows is higher native 03-Oct-12 Phase II all sp.: 102 all sp.: 50 in 2012 than in 2008 due macrophytes (mainstem) exotic sp.: 14 exotic sp.: 1 to the creation of Completed: southern oxbow all sp.: 436 all sp.: 460 entrance and exit 25-Aug-08 exotic sp.:434 exotic sp.:195 channels. Exotic invasive 03-Oct-12 northern oxbow all sp.: 0 all sp.: 147 species are exotic sp.: 0 exotic sp.: 66 Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton crispus. Inverte- Increasing trend Field survey reference in Div.=1.76 x x x Div.= 1.77 Div.= Benthic index of brate in diversity and 2-Oct-08; natural section Rich.= 24.5 Rich.= 24.5 Shannon’s H biological integrity monitor richness of 4-5-Oct-12 (transect 2) and Rich. = developed to assess invertebrates semi natural Div.:=1.19 Div.= 1.41 no. taxa health of Okanagan section Rich.= 20.0 Rich.= 20.0 streams (Jensen 2006) Field survey: within ORRI (xs6) Div.:=1.40 Div.= 1.76 also showed 3-Oct-08; Phase I Rich.:=21.5 Rich.= 24.0 improvement post- 4-5-Oct-12 downstream Div.:=1.79 Div.= 1.97 treatment. ORRI (300m ds Rich.= 28.0 Rich.= 25.5 VDS13)
ONA Fisheries Department 106 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Performance Status Location Results Results 2009 Results 2010 Results 2011 Results 2012 Unit Comments Criteria pre-treatment Summer Reduced Installed downstream of x 132 (>15.6 oC) 116 (>15.6 oC) No data 108 (>15.6 oC) days > temp. Loggers installed pre- water number of days 23 may 2009 Phase I - channel 121 (>18.3 oC) 82 (>18.3 oC) 75 (>18.3 oC) threshold treatment were stolen tempera with water at VDS13 repeatedly tures temperatures Installed Phase I - channel x x 123 (>15.6 oC) 105 (>15.6 oC) 108 (>15.6 oC) exceed 15.6oC 18 may 2010 at Nemes oxbow 85 (>18.3 oC) 76 (>18.3 oC) 76 (>18.3 oC) (general entrance salmonid Installed 26 Phase I - channel x x 115 (>15.6 oC) 104 (>15.6 oC) No data threshold) and > June 2009 at Lougheed 77 (>18.3 oC) 83 (>18.3 oC) 18.3 oC (adult oxbow entrance spawner Installed 26 Phase II - Park rill x x 118 (>15.6 oC) 102 (>15.6 oC) 115 (>15.6 oC) threshold June 2009 80 (>18.3 oC) 78 (>18.3 oC) 90 (>18.3 oC) Shorter duration Installed 23 downstream of x 2999 (>15.6 oC) 2552 (>15.6 oC) No data 2610 (>15.6 oC) hours > Loggers installed pre- per day when may 2009 Phase I - channel 2405 (>18.3 oC) 1711 (>18.3 oC) 1834 (>18.3 oC) temp. treatment were stolen water at VDS13 threshold repeatedly temperatures Installed 18 Phase I - channel x x 2544 (>15.6 oC) 2494 (>15.6 oC) 2590 (>15.6 oC) exceed 15.6oC may 2010 at Nemes oxbow 1630 (>18.3 oC) 1890 (>18.3 oC) 1826 (>18.3 oC) (general entrance salmonid Installed 26 Phase I - channel x x 2536 (>15.6 oC) 2421 (>15.6 oC) No data threshold) and > June 2009 at Lougheed 1710 (>18.3 oC) 1840 (>18.3 oC) 18.3oC (adult oxbow entrance spawner Installed 26 Phase II - Park rill x x 2739 (>15.6 oC) 2421 (>15.6 oC) 2806 (>15.6 oC) threshold June 2009 1790 (>18.3 oC) 1840 (>18.3 oC) 41 (>18.3 oC)
ONA Fisheries Department 107 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Performanc Performanc Status Location Results Results Results Results Results Unit Comments e Indicators e Criteria pre- 2009 2010 2011 2012 treatment Fish holding Increasing Field survey: Natural reach 17.3 13.2 30.7 109.9 28.1 no./k Rainbow Trout (all ages) and rearing trend of August 12, 2008 (Mc Dam to Hwy Br) m & Chinook (juv) per habitat density and August 28, 2009 Semi-natural reach 10.0 7.0 14.3 24.3 10.0 kilometer percent August 17, 2010 (Hwy Br to Channel) composition August 19, 2011 Channelized 2.2 0 1.1 6.7 3.3 of rearing Sept 7, 2012 (Trans 6 to Parkrill) salmonids 2014 Phase II: 0.45km 0 0 4.4 0.0 4.4 Phase I: 0.65km 0 0 6.2 7.7 3.1 Redd counts Trend of Field surveys: Phase I 6,053 2,867 3,344 3,825 3784 m2 The effective spawning and increasing Oct. - Nov. Phase II 11,928 4,984 3,613 3,013 4084 area was a deep riffle distribution density of 2008-2014 pre-treatment and in salmon and 2009 riffles were added salmon redds and spawning habitat Enumeratio Trend of Field surveys: Phase I 5.2 12.1 9.1 12.4 6.2 % Proportion of the peak n of increasing Sept - Nov Phase II 5.1 10.1 6.7 4.6 6.3 live count in each reach; spawning density of 2008-2012 note the run size is most Sockeye and spawning likely above the capacity Chinook salmon of the typical spawning reaches Egg Increase in Completed in Natural setback reach (site 4) 89.6 ± 24.5 x 75 ± 17.3 x x % Planned for 2013 as part incubation egg survival 2003 and 2010, Natural setback reach (site 3) 37 ± 25.3 of the VDS13 success % planned for Phase II x x 15 ±19.3 modification 2013 Phase I Loug entrance 30.7 ± 14.4 x 74 ± 20.3 construction project Phase I Loug Spawning 69 ± 27.0 Phase I Loug Exit 75 ± 21.8 Phase I Nemes Entra 48 ± 14.6 Phase I average 67 ± 23.2 Channel (upstream of VDS13) x x 51 ± 5.5
ONA Fisheries Department 108 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
Performanc Performanc Status Location Results Results Results Results Results Unit Comments e Indicators e Criteria pre- 2009 2010 2011 2012 treatment Fine % fines not Field survey: Phase I 7.45 ± 3.84 7.18 ± x x 11.29 ± % With OC assistance; sediment to exceed June 2009 2.71 3.83 criteria based on MOE accumulatio 10% (at Sept 2009 Phase II 9.88 ± 5.41 x x x 10.12 ± 2006 guidelines; Masters n salmonid Sept 2012 3.37 and Burge 2010; Dale spawning and Burge 2013. sites) Substrate Increase in Field survey Phase I 30 + 3 37 + 6 x x 40 ± 17 mm Available 2015. Sampling gravel sizes median (b- Aug. 8 & 13, Phase II 30 + 4 35 + 5 x x 45 ± 5 mm in progress axis) 2008 substrate Sept 11, 2009 particle sizes Sept 26, 2012 within 13- 128mm, preferred spawning substrate size range (Bjorn and Reiser 1991)
ONA Fisheries Department 109 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX C4: Parameters of riparian and wildlife response 2009-2012
Performance Performance Status Location Results Results 2009 Results 2010 Results 2011 Results 2012 Indicators Criteria pre-treatment
Native plant Re-vegetation Increase 2008 ORRI Phase I Soils were Seventeen Ten different Vegetation Ten different species community of the riparian native riparian 2009 and II (both classified as different species species were planted in 2010 were planted at the and soils areas along vegetation 2010 the Nemes generally a mix were planted, planted with a total had a ORRI site, with a total river course and 2011 and of lacustrine with a total of of 975 plants. survivorship of 995 plants. associated 2012 Lougheed silts, fluvial 1,945 plants. Survivorship ranged classified as Survivorship ranged extending floodplains) sands, gravels Survivorship from 40%-85% moderate from 40%-85% (report floodplains and glacial tills ranged from 30%- (Emery, 2011) (Emery, 2012) in prep.). (Emery, 2009) 100%.(Emery, 2010) Wildlife Avian, reptile, Increase the 2008 ORRI Phase I Yellow-breasted No avian SARA The wildlife use Generalist avian Twelve different avian habitat amphibian and abundance 2009 and II (both Chat was species were remains static from species were species were detected value small mammal and diversity 2010 the Nemes documented detected in 2009 previous years detected, with a in the ORRI site population/ of terrestrial 2011 and nesting in 2008. or although there was total of 8 including Yellow- diversity/usage wetland- and 2012 Lougheed A total of 31 reptiles/amphibia an explosion of different breasted chat. measures riparian- floodplains) avian species ns (Emery, 2010) Great Basin species. Great Spadefoot toad dependent were detected in Spadefoot Toad Basin Spadefoot tadpoles were also species 2006, 28 avian breeding (Emery, Toad and Carp detected in ORRI (particularly species in 2007 2011) were observed during spring Species at and 32 species in within the ORRI conditions. (Report in Risk) 2008. (Emery, site. prep.) 2009) (Emery, 2012)
ONA Fisheries Department 110 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018
APPENDIX C5: Parameters of riparian and wildlife response 2013-2014
Performance Performance Criteria Status Location Results Results 2013 Results 2014 Indicators pre-treatment
Native Re-vegetation of the Increase native 2008 ORRI Phase I and II Soils were classified as ORRI Phase II -3000 m2 ORRI Phase I survivorship plant riparian areas along riparian vegetation 2009 (both the Nemes generally a mix of riparian habitat re-vegetated ranged from 78-100%; community river course and 2010 and Lougheed lacustrine silts, fluvial with native bushes and trees Nemes/Lougheed Islands and soils associated extending 2011 floodplains) sands, gravels and glacial (2775 plants) and grass seeds. survivorship was 50-100% floodplains 2012 tills (Emery, 2009) Survivorship range of 2013 Nemes/Lougheed site 40-85% 2014
Wildlife Avian, reptile, Increase the 2008 ORRI Phase I and II Yellow-breasted Chat was Nineteen different avian Amphibian detections: Pacific habitat amphibian and small abundance and 2009 (both the Nemes documented nesting in species were detected in the Treefrog, Great Basin value mammal population/ diversity of terrestrial 2010 and Lougheed 2008. A total of 31 avian ORRI site. Four Western Spadefoot, Western Painted diversity/usage wetland- and 2011 floodplains) species were detected in Painted Turtle and Spadefoot Turtle. Incidental detection of measures riparian-dependent 2012 2006, 28 avian species in Toad juveniles were noted. common Garter Snake and species (particularly 2013 2007 and 32 species in Western Yellow-bellied Racer. Species at Risk) 2014 2008. (Emery, 2009) Avian report not available. Beaver activity.
ONA Fisheries Department 111 Draft Report ORRI Monitoring 2017 May 2018