WOMENWOMEN EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT THROUGHTHROUGH SELFSELF HELPHELP GROUPSGROUPS ININ NIZAMBADNIZAMBAD DISTRICTDISTRICT OFOF ANDHRAANDHRA PRADESHPRADESH
PRESENTATION By APMAS
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 1 OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES OFOF THETHE STUDYSTUDY
•• ToTo understandunderstand thethe processprocess andand statusstatus ofof womenwomen empowermentempowerment inin thethe districtdistrict •• ToTo understandunderstand thethe contributorycontributory factorsfactors forfor thethe observedobserved processprocess •• ToTo knowknow thethe changeschanges inin empowermentempowerment processprocess sincesince thethe lastlast generalgeneral elections.elections.
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 2 SAMPLESAMPLE COVEREDCOVERED
SamplingSampling UnitUnit UnitsUnits
• RevenueRevenue DivisionsDivisions 33
• MandalsMandals --22 perper divisiondivision 66
• VillagesVillages --22 perper mandalmandal 1212
• SHGSHG membersmembers --1010 perper villagevillage 120120
• NonNon --SHGSHG membersmembers --55 perper villagevillage 6060
• TotalTotal SampleSample (120(120 ++ 60)covered60)covered 180180
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 3 NONNON --SHGSHG MEMBERSMEMBERS COVEREDCOVERED
• VillageVillage levellevel -- ShopShop --keeperkeeper --1,1, moneymoney lenders/lenders/ richrich farmerfarmer --1;1; PRIPRI --1;1; VillageVillage OrganizationOrganization OfficeOffice bearerbearer --1;1; VillageVillage ScheduleSchedule • MandalMandal levellevel -- BankBank BranchBranch ManagerManager --1,1, MSMS OfficeOffice bearerbearer --11 • DistrictDistrict levellevel -- AGMAGM -- NabardNabard --1,1, LeadLead BankBank DistrictDistrict ManagerManager --1,1, HeadHead ofof thethe leadingleading NGONGO • DataData collectioncollection techniquestechniques -- interviewinterview schedule,schedule, checklist,checklist, casecase studiesstudies
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 4 DISTRICTDISTRICT PROFILEPROFILE
• Area -7956 Sq km., 21% forest, 55% agriculture • 3-Revenue divisions with 36 mandals • Population 2.3 millions and density - 295 Sq. km • Total literacy -53.26%, Male - 66.27%,female -40.57% • 4-towns; 854 -villages; 91% -small & medium villages • Agriculture & allied activities –Paddy, maize, sugarcane • SHPI -DRDA, IKP, NGOs • Total SHGs -26,269; bank linked -21,244; amount disbursed Rs. 1.24 millions; Avg. loan per SHG Rs. 58,181 • 40% of DCCBs linkage in the state are in Nizamabad
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 5 PROFILEPROFILE OFOF THETHE RESPONDENTSRESPONDENTS
• 3636 yearsyears -- avg.avg. ageage ofof Educational status of women (N=120)
samplesample SHGSHG womenwomen 14 • MajorityMajority areare nuclearnuclear 22 Illiterate/Ne o-literate familiesfamilies (77%),(77%), JointJoint Primary
84 Secondary & familiesfamilies (22%)(22%) above • NearlyNearly 3/43/4 th havinghaving Social Category(N=120) ‘‘wifewife ’’ statusstatus inin thethe 50 40 46 householdhousehold 30 27 20 25
10 • 25%25% areare femalefemale 13 9 0 headedheaded householdshouseholds ST SC BC Min OC
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 6 ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION WITHWITH SHGsSHGs
• 7676 month/6.25month/6.25 yearsyears -- averageaverage periodperiod ofof associationassociation withwith SHGsSHGs
• HalfHalf ofof thethe membersmembers joinedjoined SHGsSHGs voluntarilyvoluntarily andand anotheranother halfhalf onon thethe adviseadvise ofof familyfamily membersmembers (17%)(17%) andand othersothers (32%)(32%)
• 2/32/3 rd areare members;members; 1/31/3 rd areare leadersleaders
• 13%13% -- areare dropdrop --outout respondents;respondents; dropdrop --outout periodperiod variesvaries fromfrom 66 toto 9696 monthsmonths
• 11%11% ofof SHGsSHGs areare thethe membersmembers inin otherother CBOsCBOs
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 7 AWARENESSAWARENESS && UTILIZATIONUTILIZATION OFOF DEVELOPMENTALDEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMESPROGRAMMES
Aw areness and Utilization of Developmental Programmes (in %)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 t F S Y W P p g R PV G F m in E JR F I s RYS jobs nsion R CLD D CMEY e P L ammma P A Hou r Adarana Awareness UtilizationIndi
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 8 ACCESSACCESS TOTO RESOURCESRESOURCES
• ManyMany reported reported ‘‘equalequal role role ’’ followedfollowed by by ‘‘minorminor rolerole ’’ inin thethe salesale ofof smallsmall quantitiesquantities ofof householdhousehold produceproduce
• InIn the the case case of of raising raising of of hand hand loans loans many many reportedreported ‘‘solelysolely ’’ followedfollowed byby equalequal rolerole
• WhereWhere asas inin thethe casecase ofof repaymentrepayment ofof loansloans maymay reportedreported equalequal rolerole followedfollowed byby ‘‘solelysolely ’’
• However,However, there there is is a a little little increase increase (1 (1 --22 percent)percent) now now in in the the ‘‘equalequal ’’,, ‘‘moremore ’’ andand ‘‘solelysolely ’’ rolesroles comparedcompared toto 33 yearsyears agoago
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 9 CONTROLCONTROL ONON RESOURCESRESOURCES • ManyMany reported reported ‘‘equalequal ’’ controlcontrol on on the the use use of of earningsearnings of of IGA IGA over over the the periods. periods. But, But, ‘‘majormajor ’’ andand ‘‘totaltotal ’’ controlcontrol is is 1% 1% --2%2% more more now now comparedcompared toto 33 yearsyears agoago
• ManyMany reportedreported ‘‘equalequal controlcontrol ’’ onon thethe useuse ofof SHGSHG loansloans followed followed by by ‘‘minorminor ’’ controlcontrol in in both both now now andand 3 3 years years ago. ago. However However percentage percentage of of ‘‘majormajor ’’ andand ‘‘totaltotal ’’ controlcontrol isis littlelittle moremore (2%(2% --3%)3%) inin comparisoncomparison toto 33 yearsyears agoago
• SameSame asas aboveabove inin thethe casecase ofof personalpersonal savingssavings andand salesale /mortgage/mortgage ofof jewelleryjewellery alsoalso
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 10 DECISIONDECISION MAKINGMAKING
• Many reported ‘equal ’ role followed by ‘minor ’ role in taking decisions relating to improve/purchase/sale of assets, family savings, children ’s marriage & education, change of occupation • Where as in costing of own vote many reported ‘do solely ’ followed by ‘equal ’ in both now and 3 years ago • There is 1 -2 percent increase in ‘major ’ and ‘solely ’ and 1-2 percent decrease in ‘equal ’ and ‘minor ’ compared to 3 years ago • The percentage of women reported ‘equal ’ role varies from issue to issue - improve/purchase/sale of assets -31%, family savings -41%, children ’s marriage -30% & education -51%, and change of occupation -31%
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 11 MOBILITYMOBILITY
• TheThe percentage percentage of of women women go go alone alone has has been been significantlysignificantly increased increased to to banks banks (15%), (15%), PHC PHC (14%),(14%), Shops Shops --outsideoutside the the village village (15%) (15%) comparedcompared toto 33 yearsyears agoago
• HoweverHowever SHGSHG workwork outsideoutside thethe villagevillage (8%)(8%) andand MDO/MROMDO/MRO OfficesOffices (3%)(3%) thethe increaseincrease isis less.less. TheThe percentagepercentage ofof attendingattending alonealone toto thesethese placesplaces isis lowlow eveneven inin bothboth nownow andand beforebefore 33 yearsyears agoago
• DependencyDependency on on family family members, members, SHG SHG membersmembers and and others others have have been been decreased decreased in in allall instancesinstances
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 12 GOVERNANCE/POLITICALGOVERNANCE/POLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPARTICIPATION
Participation Before Now WW/FI/OP WW/FI/OP Contested to political office 1/0/0 2/2/2 Selected as CBO member 4/1/1 6/3/0 Campaigned for candidate 3/3/1 4/7/0 GS/JB/PP 25/8/1 15/7/1 Protest/campaign -injustice 3/2/0 2/5/0 Note: WW -with own will; FI -family interest; OP -others ’ pressure; GS -gramsabha ; JB -Janmabhoomi ; PP -prajapatham
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 13 SHGsSHGs -- SOCIALSOCIAL ISSUESISSUES
• VeryVery poorpoor toto poorpoor participationparticipation inin addressingaddressing thethe social social issues issues like like anti anti --liquorliquor campaign campaign (3%),(3%), dowry/child dowry/child marriages marriages (4%), (4%), violence violence againstagainst women women (8%) (8%) family family planning planning (17%) (17%) andand communitycommunity infrastructureinfrastructure (11%)(11%)
• 50%50% of of the the SHGs SHGs have have been been participating participating in in GuppedubiyyamGuppedubiyyam --foodfood securitysecurity programmeprogramme
• 33 SHGs SHGs paid paid Rs.150, Rs.150, Rs. Rs. 200,and 200,and Rs. Rs. 700 700 as as donationsdonations to to pay pay pensions, pensions, meet meet the the funeral funeral expensesexpenses andand educationeducation ofof aa poorpoor childrenchildren
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 14 SHGsSHGs -- GENDERGENDER ISSUESISSUES • 70%70% ofof casescases childrenchildren studied/studyingstudied/studying inin thethe samesame schoolschool
• 80%80% reportedreported thatthat theythey areare mixingmixing freelyfreely withwith otherother castecaste peoplepeople
• 63%63% reportedreported thatthat theythey mixmix freelyfreely withwith menmen
• 38%38% reported reported that that interact interact freely freely in in village village meetingmeeting
• NearlyNearly halfhalf ofof thethe peoplepeople reportedreported thatthat therethere areare different different etiquettes etiquettes to to various various social social categoriescategories
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 15 CAMPAIGNS,CAMPAIGNS, MEETINGS,MEETINGS, RALLIESRALLIES
• NearlyNearly 1/51/5 th ofof SHGsSHGs participatedparticipated inin AIDSAIDS ralliesrallies
• 30%30% ofof SHGsSHGs attendedattended CMCM && otherother politicalpolitical meetingsmeetings
• VeryVery FewFew SHGsSHGs (1(1 --5%)5%) participatedparticipated inin thethe meetings,meetings, rallies,rallies, campaignscampaigns relatedrelated toto womenwomen issues,issues, childchild labor,labor, JanmabhoomiJanmabhoomi ,, pulsepulse polio,polio, waterwater problemproblem andand otherother SHGSHG relatedrelated issuesissues
• ParticipationParticipation andand distancedistance areare negativelynegatively correlated.correlated. MostMost ofof thethe campaignscampaigns areare organizedorganized atat villagevillage levellevel (47%)(47%) followedfollowed byby mandalmandal (27%)(27%) andand districtdistrict (22%)(22%)
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 16 CAMPAIGNS,CAMPAIGNS, MEETINGS,MEETINGS, RALLIESRALLIES
• >> 4%4% ofof thethe membersmembers participatedparticipated inin thethe meetingsmeetings withwith thethe interestinterest ofof SHPIsSHPIs includingincluding governmentgovernment
• >3%>3% ofof thethe membersmembers participatedparticipated forfor thethe interestinterest ofof thethe groupgroup andand otherother 15%15% withwith thethe interestinterest ofof otherother playersplayers
• OnlyOnly 12%12% participatedparticipated withwith theirtheir ownown interestinterest
• 5252 SHGsSHGs investedinvested 115115 daysdays (average(average 2.11days)2.11days) toto organizeorganize 7878 eventsevents
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 17 SHOP KEEPERS’ OBSERVATIONS: Changes in their sales pattern Indicator Unit 2003-04 2006-07 SC & ST as % of total customers % 29 31 Cash sale as % of total sale % 60 65 Credit sale as % of total sale % 40 35 Proportion of women customers % 45 50 No of people taking hand loans No 18 14 No of people selling their output in the shop No 43 21 Proportion of people consuming cold drinks % 30 68 Proportion of people consuming branded liquor % 27 39 Proportion of people consuming cheap liquor % 38 67
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 18 SHOP KEEPERS’ OBSERVATIONS: Changes in Women’s purchasing pattern Three years ago Now
Indicator Frequency Indicator Frequency
No bargaining 3 Asking brands/ quality 11 Asking for promotion No comparison 1 schemes 1
No questions 4 Aware product quality 4 Not aware discount schemes 2 Bargaining 7 Not aware of brands/ quality 10 Comparison 2
Total 20 Total 25
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 19 MONEYMONEY LENDERSLENDERS ’’ PERCEPTIONSPERCEPTIONS
Indicator 2003-04 2006-07 No. of money lenders 450 341 Total borrowers 3,690 3,320 % of SC & ST borrowers 38 ---- % of Women borrowers 42 11 Interest rate per month 2 2
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 20 FARMERSFARMERS ’’ PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION
Indicator 2003-04 2006-07 Wage labor families 3,270 2,470 Wage rate for men in Rs. 62 99 Wage rate for women in Rs. 31 48
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 21 BANKERS’ PERCEPTION: SHGs as % of total
Indicator 2003-04 2006-07 SHG customers as % total 13 38 Loan accounts 3.4 5.7 Advances 2.3 29.7 Loans outstanding 5.7 16.9 NPA 0.6 6.2 90% profit in rural branches is due to SHG lending
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 22 PERCEPTIONSPERCEPTIONS OFOF SARPANCH/WARDSARPANCH/WARD MEMBERMEMBER
3 years ago Now Attending Panchayat meetings 21 60 Participation in discussions 17 39 Women participation in Grama Sabha 4 19 Women participation in discussions in Grama Sabha 3 11 Family involvement in Panchayat 26 50 Awareness about Panchayat role 9 27 Awareness about finance of Panchayat 7 37 Involvement in implementation of programs 0 15
Ability to manage Panchayat funds 7 15 Involvement in negotiations 0 0 Approaching govt. offices 0 8
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 23 SARPANCHSARPANCH PERCEPTIONS:PERCEPTIONS: IssuesIssues raisedraised byby womenwomen
Three years ago Now Indicator Frequency Indicator Frequency Drainage 5 Drainage 4 ISL 1 ISL 8 Roads 4 Roads 1 Street lights 1 Street lights 4 Water 10 Water 1 Total 21 Total 18
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 24 ACCESSACCESS TOTO CREDITCREDIT
ParticularsParticulars BeforeBefore NowNow No.No. ofof bankbank loansloans 1.541.54 1.251.25 No.No. ofof internalinternal loansloans 2.842.84 1.721.72 OtherOther loansloans --VO/MSVO/MS 1.001.00 1.211.21 Avg.Avg. BankBank loanloan inin Rs.Rs. 6,6306,630 10,85610,856 Avg.Avg. InternalInternal loanloan inin 6,3306,330 4,5564,556 Avg.Avg. otherother loansloans inin Rs.Rs. 9,0679,067 7,2817,281
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 25 % SHARE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES IN TOTAL LOAN AMOUNT % share of different sources in total loan amount
Source BC Min. OC SC ST Total Bank loan other than SHG 7.3 11.5 38.9 7.3 4.3 15.1 Money lenders 85.3 70.4 54.2 83.6 85.8 75.7 Relatives and friends 0.0 16.4 2.6 4.4 8.6 4.0 SHG/ VO/ MS 5.3 1.8 4.3 4.2 1.3 4.2 Others 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Change between 2003-04 & 2006-07 in % points Bank loan other than SHG 3.0 -7.9 7.4 7.0 4.7 5.4
Money lenders -33.9 13.6 -18.8 -27.4 -39.5 -25.5 Relatives and friends 19.1 -13.4 0.0 4.9 19.5 8.3 SHG/ VO/ MS 11.9 7.8 5.6 13.0 4.1 9.2 Others -0.1 0.0 5.7 2.5 11.2 2.6 Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 26 % SHARE OF RESPONDENT PRIMARY INCOME IN FAMILY’S PRIMARY INCOME IN 2003-04
Division BC Min. OC SC ST Total Bodhan 0 36 27 77 0 38 Kamareddy 50 5 24 71 39 39 Nizamabad 44 16 17 30 32 30 Grand Total 49 22 27 57 35 36 Changes during last three years in % points Bodhan 39 20 -1 -4 0 3 Kamareddy -5 7 16 -9 -19 2 Nizamabad -17 8 -9 8 9 0 Grand Total -10 12 -1 1 4 2
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 27 SUPPORTSUPPORT FROMFROM FAMILYFAMILY
• CooperationCooperation fromfrom familyfamily inin payingpaying monthlymonthly savingssavings hashas beenbeen increasedincreased fromfrom 78%78% ofof SHGsSHGs toto 89%89% ofof SHGsSHGs inin comparisoncomparison toto pastpast
• SameSame asas inin thethe casecase ofof repayingrepaying loanloan instalments;instalments; PuttingPutting hurdleshurdles andand indifferentindifferent alsoalso decreaseddecreased nownow inin comparisoncomparison toto pastpast
• DifferenceDifference ofof cooperationcooperation fromfrom familyfamily isis 9%9% betweenbetween nownow (56%)(56%) andand 33 yearsyears agoago (47%)(47%)
• LessLess %% ofof SHGsSHGs couldcould bebe becausebecause mostmost ofof thethe timestimes leadersleaders gogo outsideoutside thethe villagevillage
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 28 ASSETASSET CREATIONCREATION
• 62% of respondents created some sort of assets once; 35% twice; 12% thrice and 1% four times • Of the total 131 cases of asset creation many members invested on household articles (39%) followed by livestock (26%) housing (11%) and land (8%) • Very few (1 -3 percent each) purchased sewing machine, bore -well, auto/taxi, two -wheelers, ornaments, water tap connection and so on. • Of the total 120 respondents, 76 members created assets of worth Rs. 59,84,600 since their membership in SHGs • Majority times (63%) asset was created on the name of family followed by self (29%) 6% and 3% assets created on the name of son and daughter respectively
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 29 MEMBERSMEMBERS ’’ INVOLVEMENTINVOLVEMENT
ParticularsParticulars Before(%)Before(%) Now(%)Now(%)
OrganizationOrganization ofof meetingsmeetings 4949 7474
Savings/loanSavings/loan collectioncollection 5353 7171
UpUp --dationdation ofof booksbooks 3838 5858
DecisionDecision makingmaking 5757 8585
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 30 ATTITUDEATTITUDE OFOF PERSONNELPERSONNEL
• TheThe percentage percentage of of ‘‘moremore positive positive ’’ attitudeattitude is is moremore compared compared to to ‘‘reasonablereasonable ’’ andand not not -- cooperativecooperative ’’ inin both both ‘‘beforebefore ’’ andand ‘‘nownow ’’ inin all all aspectsaspects --PR,PR, PDS,PDS, VH,VH, MS,MS, MDOMDO andand BankBank
• ComparisonComparison to to 3 3 years years ago, ago, now now the the percentagepercentage ofof ‘‘moremore positivepositive ’’ attitudeattitude hashas beenbeen increasedincreased (PR (PR --13%;13%; PDS PDS --6%;6%; VH VH --7%;7%; MS MS --5%;5%; MDOMDO --14%;14%; Bank Bank --17%)17%) where where as as ‘‘reasonablereasonable ’’ andand nonnon --cooperativecooperative hashas beenbeen decreaseddecreased
• InIn other other words, words, not not --cooperativecooperative attitude attitude personnelpersonnel has has been been slowly slowly changed changed to to ‘‘reasonablereasonable ’’ andand moremore cooperativecooperative Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 31 ATTITUDEATTITUDE OFOF IKPIKP STAFFSTAFF • TheThe percentage percentage of of ‘‘moremore positive positive ’’ attitudeattitude is is highhigh compared compared to to ‘‘reasonablereasonable ’’ andand not not -- cooperativecooperative ’’ inin both both ‘‘beforebefore ’’ andand ‘‘nownow ’’ inin all all casescases --Animator;Animator; CC/MBK;CC/MBK; ECEC --VO/MSVO/MS
• ComparisonComparison to to 3 3 years years ago, ago, now now the the percentagepercentage ofof ‘‘moremore positivepositive ’’ attitudeattitude hashas beenbeen increasedincreased (Animators (Animators --20%;20%; CC/MBK CC/MBK --16%;16%; EC EC -- VO/MSVO/MS --10%;)10%;) where where as as ‘‘reasonablereasonable ’’ andand non non -- cooperativecooperative hashas beenbeen decreaseddecreased
• TheThe percentagepercentage ofof ‘‘moremore positivepositive && reasonablereasonable ’’ isis highhigh amongamong IKPIKP staffstaff whenwhen comparedcompared toto otherother departmentsdepartments
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 32 ATTITUDINALATTITUDINAL CHANGESCHANGES ININ IKPIKP STAFFSTAFF
Before Now
100 62 70 81 53 53 60 80 63 63 50 40 60 28 27 33 30 18 40 20 20 20 6 4 5 20 7 7 10 4
0 0
Animator / CA CC/ MBK EC-VO/ MS Animator/CA CC/MBK EC-VO/MS
More positiv e Reasonable Not-cooperativMore e positiv e Reasonable Not-cooperativ e
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 33 GRANTSGRANTS TOTO VOsVOs ANDAND SHGSHG PROGRESSPROGRESS
GRANTS TO VOS SHG PROGRESS Amount in Year Rs. Indicator 2003-04 2006-07
2003 223,548 No SHG in the sample vill. 232 445
2004 50,000 No SHGs covered in Vos 200 337
2005 797,600 No of defunct SHGs 32 17
2006 1,204,550 No of SHG revived 17 9
2007 862,000 No. of people covered 2,906 5,560
Total 3,137,698 Total BPL families 2,490 2,689
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 34 CHANGESCHANGES ININ SHGSHG FUNCTIONINGFUNCTIONING
• MoreMore oror lessless equalequal no.no. ofof SHGsSHGs followingfollowing monthlymonthly (45%)(45%) andand weeklyweekly (39%)meetings(39%)meetings andand thethe remainingremaining areare fortnightlyfortnightly (16%)(16%)
• MajorityMajority SHGsSHGs (65%)have(65%)have beenbeen increasedincreased thethe frequencyfrequency ofof meetingmeeting perper yearyear
• 1/41/4 th ofof thethe SHGsSHGs havehave beenbeen decreaseddecreased thethe no.no. ofof daysdays takentaken toto paypay monthlymonthly thrift;thrift; nono changechange --72%72%
• However,However, onlyonly 15%15% ofof SHGsSHGs havehave beenbeen decreaseddecreased thethe no.no. ofof daysdays takentaken toto paypay loanloan instalments;instalments; nono changechange inin 82%82%
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 35 CHANGESCHANGES ININ SHGSHG FUNCTIONINGFUNCTIONING
No. of meetings No. of days to pay savings 2 42 100 80 60 40
76 20 0
Increased Decreased No change
Dominance of leaders No. of days to pay loan savings
150
100
50
0 Increased Decreased No change Increased Decreased No change
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 36 CHANGESCHANGES ININ SHGSHG FUNCTIONINGFUNCTIONING ……
• 60%60% ofof thethe SHGSHG membersmembers notnot havinghaving theirtheir savingssavings passpass booksbooks withwith them;them; manymany withwith leadersleaders (42%)(42%) andand CAsCAs (17%)(17%)
• LeadersLeaders ’’ dominancedominance hashas beenbeen decreaseddecreased onlyonly inin 25%25% ofof SHGsSHGs andand increasedincreased inin 5%5% ofof SHGsSHGs
• 88%88% ofof SHGsSHGs allall membersmembers participateparticipate inin loanloan relatedrelated aspects.aspects. However,However, inin 11%11% ofof SHGsSHGs leadersleaders dominateddominated inin loanloan disbursementdisbursement
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 37 CHANGESCHANGES ININ SAVINGS/THRIFTSAVINGS/THRIFT
• MonthlyMonthly savingssavings hashas beenbeen decreaseddecreased fromfrom 91%91% toto 68%68% ofof SHGs;SHGs; fortnightlyfortnightly andand weeklyweekly savingssavings hashas beenbeen increasedincreased
• 10%10% ofof thethe SHGsSHGs regularizedregularized theirtheir monthlymonthly thriftthrift whichwhich havehave nono fixedfixed savingsaving scheduleschedule
• MajorityMajority ofof SHGsSHGs increasedincreased theirtheir savingssavings fromfrom Rs.Rs. 3030 toto Rs.Rs. 5050 andand SomeSome SHGsSHGs toto Rs.Rs. 60/10060/100
• TheThe percentagepercentage ofof SHGsSHGs distributeddistributed theirtheir savingssavings isis lessless nownow (7%)(7%) inin comparisoncomparison toto threethree yearsyears agoago (20%)(20%)
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 38 OPINIONOPINION ONON UTILITYUTILITY OFOF VARIOUSVARIOUS SERVICESSERVICES Opinion on services - Useful (in %) Before Now 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bank Linkage VO/MS Services Promotion of Promot ion of Exposure Visit s Services Livelihoods Livelihood relat ed Services
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 39 CHANGESCHANGES ATAT VILLAGEVILLAGE LEVELLEVEL
• Increase in beedi rolling HH from 2,290 to 2,530 (10%) • Milk collection centres - 12 to 18 • Migration (Gulf) -1040 to 1718 members • Pucca houses increased from 62% to 72% • Private schools - 22 to 28; Private clinics -56 to 68 • Fancy store -4-9; Cable connection -1,950 to 3,290 • Increase in transportation -waiting times declined from 2.15 hours to 30 minutes
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 40 SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS FROMFROM SHGSHG WOMENWOMEN Credit Purpose -Education, agriculture, self employment Loans -large, timely, regular and need -based loans Bank Linkage -regular and to more no. of SHGs Livelihood Trainings on sustainable livelihoods self employment to both men and women large financial support from banks and market linkages Systems Information from VO/MS/project to SHGs about Meetings, trainings, interventions, guidelines etc. MS/VO meeting discussions to SHGs
Meetings Regular meetings; More attendance; more participation in the discussions of SHG/VO/MS
Capacity Trainings on various SHG & Federation concepts building awareness &orientation to family members
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 41 SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS TOTO IKPIKP
•• RegularRegular monitoring monitoring & & participation participation inin meetingsmeetings •• SHGSHG strengthening, strengthening, revival revival of of defunctdefunct SHGsSHGs •• HandholdingHandholding supportsupport atat allall stagesstages •• GovernmentGovernment should should take take proactive proactive rolerole
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 42 ThankThank YouYou
ForFor furtherfurther detailsdetails contact:contact: [email protected]@apmas.org [email protected]@apmas.org
Research & Advocacy, APMAS, Hyderabad 43