DOCSLIB.ORG

Towards Room-Temperature Deterministic Ferroelectric Control of Ferromagnetic Thin Films

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Towards Room-Temperature Deterministic Ferroelectric Control of Ferromagnetic Thin Films Towards Room-Temperature deterministic ferroelectric control of ferromagnetic thin films THÈSE NO 6904 (2015) PRÉSENTÉE LE 17 DÉCEMBRE 2015 À LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES DE L'INGÉNIEUR LABORATOIRE DE CÉRAMIQUE PROGRAMME DOCTORAL EN SCIENCE ET GÉNIE DES MATÉRIAUX ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR Zhen HUANG acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. W. Curtin, président du jury Dr I. Stolichnov, Prof. N. Setter, directeurs de thèse Prof. J. Petzelt, rapporteur Dr R. Gysel, rapporteur Prof. J.-Ph. Ansermet, rapporteur Suisse 2015 i Abstract The persisting demand of higher computing power and faster information processing keeps pushing scientists and engineers to explore novel materials and device structures. Within emerging functional materials, there is a focus on multiferroics materials and material-systems possessing both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders. Multiferroics with two order parameters coupled through a magnetoelectric interaction are of particular interest for novel information processing technologies. This thesis explores a promising concept of magnetoelectric multiferroic heterostructure incorporating separate ferroelectric and ferromagnetic thin layers with field-effect-mediated coupling through the heterointerface. The major issues related to ferroelectric control of ferromagnetism in multiferroic heterostructures addressed in this thesis include non-volatile magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature, deterministic switching of magnetization via polarization reversal, ferroelectric control of dynamics of magnetic domains and integration of ferroelectric gates on magnetic channels. The major accomplishments of this thesis are the following: y Non-volatile ferroelectric control of magnetic properties has been demonstrated in ultra-thin Co layers at room temperature. The ferromagnetic transition Curie temperature, magnetic anisotropy energy and magnetic coercivity are shown to be switchable via the persistent field effect associated with the ferroelectric polarization. The magnitude of the effect is comparable or exceeds the results observed using the conventional (non-ferroelectric) gates. y Local control of individual magnetic domain nucleation and propagation in Co channels by creating new ferroelectric domains has been achieved at the ambient conditions. The microscopic ferroelectric domains written on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] ferroelectric polymer gate projected onto the magnetic channel changing locally the magnetic anisotropy energy, and consequently altering magnetic domain dynamics. Therefore it was possible to promote/impede magnetic domain nucleation and significantly change the domain wall velocity using a non-destructive and reversible procedure of ferroelectric domain writing. y Non-volatile control of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) has been demonstrated on diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)(As,P) thin films with integrated P(VDF-TrFE) ferroelectric gate. The field effect induced by the ferroelectric gate has shown the capability to strongly modulate the ii AMR behavior. Profound qualitative changes of the nature of AMR has been observed, including complete on/off switching of the crystalline component of AMR in (Ga,Mn)(As,P). y A workflow for fabrication of integrated FET-type structures comprising a magnetic metal or semiconductor magnetic channel and ferroelectric polymer gate has been successfully developed. Different approaches for enhancement of ferroelectric gate operation were explored including integration of highly resistive hydrophobic interfacial layer and change of polymer composition for lower leakage. A significant increase of the non-volatile gate effect magnitude compared to the state of art was reached via improved quality of the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface. Keywords: Multiferroics, Ferroelectricity, Ferromagnetism, magnetoelectric coupling, FeFET, P(VDF-TrFE), (Ga,Mn)As, ultra-thin Co film, anisotropy, domain kinetics. iii Résumé La demande persistante d’une puissance de calcul plus élevée et le traitement plus rapide de l'information continuent à pousser les scientifiques et ingénieurs à explorer de nouveaux matériaux et structures. Au sein de ces nouveaux matériaux fonctionnels, l’accent est mis sur les matériaux multiferroïques et les systèmes matériau possédant deux paramètres d’ordre, ferroélectriques et ferromagnétiques. Les multiferroïques avec ces paramètres d’ordre couplés à travers une interaction magnétoélectrique ont un intérêt particulier pour les nouvelles technologies informatiques. Cette thèse étudie le concept prometteur d'hétéro structures magnétoélectriques multiferroïques incorporant des couches minces ferroélectriques et ferromagnétiques distinctes couplées par effet de champ. Les grandes questions ayant trait au contrôle ferroélectrique du ferromagnétisme dans les hétérostructures multiferroïques abordées dans cette thèse incluent le couplage magnétoélectrique non volatile à température ambiante, le renversement déterministe de l'aimantation par l’inversion de polarisation ferroélectrique, le contrôle ferroélectrique de la dynamique des domaines magnétiques et l’intégration de grilles ferroélectriques sur des canaux magnétiques. Les principales réalisations de cette thèse sont les suivantes y Le contrôle ferroélectrique non-volatile des propriétés magnétiques a été démontré dans des couches ultra-minces de Co à température ambiante. La température de Curie de transition ferromagnétique, l'énergie d'anisotropie magnétique et la coercivité magnétique semblent être modifiables via l'effet de champ persistant associé à la polarisation ferroélectrique. L'amplitude de l'effet est comparable ou supérieur aux résultats observés à l'aide de grilles conventionnelles (non-ferroélectriques). y Le contrôle local de la nucléation et de la propagation de domaine magnétique individuel dans les canaux de Co en créant de nouveaux domaines ferroélectriques a été démontré en condition ambiante. Les domaines ferroélectriques microscopiques écrits sur la grille à base du polymère ferroélectrique poly(fluorure de vinylidène-trifluoroéthylène) [P(VDF-TrFE)] changent localement l'énergie d'anisotropie magnétique dans le canal magnétique et par conséquent altère la dynamique de domaines magnétiques. Il fut donc possible de promouvoir/entraver la nucléation de domaines magnétiques et changer de façon significative la vitesse de paroi de domaine à l'aide d'une procédure d’écriture non-destructive et réversible de domaine ferroélectrique. iv y Le contrôle non-volatile de la magnétorésistance anisotrope (AMR) a été démontrée dans des semi-conducteurs magnétiques dilués (Ga,Mn)(As,P) en couche mince avec P(VDF-TrFE) comme grille ferroélectrique. L'effet de champ induit par la grille ferroélectrique a démontré la capacité de moduler fortement le comportement de l’AMR. D’importants changements qualitatifs sur la nature de l’AMR a été observée, y compris une commutation ON/OFF complète de la composante cristalline de l’AMR dans les films de (Ga,Mn)(As,P). y Un flux de travail pour la fabrication de structures de FET-type comprenant comme canal un métal magnétique ou un semi-conducteur magnétique et une grille polymère ferroélectrique a été développé avec succès. Des approches différentes pour l'amélioration du fonctionnement de la grille ferroélectrique ont été explorées notamment l'intégration de couche d’interface hydrophobe très résistive ou le changement de composition du polymère d'étanchéité inférieure. Une augmentation significative de l'amplitude de l'effet de la grille non-volatile par rapport à l'état de l'art a été atteint par l'amélioration de la qualité de l'interface ferroélectrique/ ferromagnétique. Mots clés: Multiferroïque, ferroélectricité, ferromagnétisme, couplage magnéto- électrique, FeFET, P(VDF-TrFE), (Ga,Mn)As, film de Co ultra-mince, anisotropie, cinétique de domaine. v Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... i Résumé .................................................................................................................... iii Preface ..................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Ferroelectric materials and their application in field effect devices ..... 5 1.1 Ferroelectricity ............................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Historical background ........................................................................ 5 1.1.2 Ferroelectricity and its origin ............................................................. 6 1.1.3 Phase transition between ferro-/para-electric phases ......................... 9 1.1.4 Permittivity development as a function of temperature in ferroelectrics .................................................................................... 12 1.1.5 Ferroelectric domains....................................................................... 14 1.1.6 Polarization switching and ferroelectric hysteresis.......................... 15 1.1.7 Depolarization effect ........................................................................ 17 1.1.8 Ferroelectric materials ..................................................................... 19 1.1.9 The selection of ferroelectric materials for multiferroics studies .... 20 1.2 PVDF and its ferroelectric properties .........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arxiv:Cond-Mat/9705180V2 [Cond-Mat.Stat-Mech] 18 Jun 1997 Ehd Frarve E 5
    Bose-Einstein condensation of the magnetized ideal Bose gas Guy B. Standen∗ and David J. Toms† Department of Physics, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom NE1 7RU (October 9, 2018) 1 Ω= dDx |DΨ¯ |2 − eµ|Ψ¯|2 We study the charged non-relativistic Bose gas interacting 2m with a constant magnetic field but which is otherwise free. Z 1 The notion of Bose-Einstein condensation for the three di- + ln 1 − e−β(En−eµ) . (1) β mensional case is clarified, and we show that although there n is no condensation in the sense of a phase transition, there is X h i still a maximum in the specific heat which can be used to de- The first term in Ω is the “classical” part which accounts fine a critical temperature. Although the absence of a phase for a possible condensate described by Ψ,¯ and the second transition persists for all values of the magnetic field, we show term is the standard expression for the thermodynamic how as the magnetic field is reduced the curves for the spe- potential from statistical mechanics. Here β = (kT )−1, µ cific heat approach the free field curve. For large values of is the chemical potential, and En are the energy levels of the magnetic field we show that the gas undergoes a “dimen- the system. Ω in (1) can be evaluated from a knowledge sional reduction” and behaves effectively as a one-dimensional of the energy levels for a charged particle in a constant gas except at very high temperatures.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Application 20110255645 Kind Code A1 Zawodny; Joseph M
    ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent Application 20110255645 Kind Code A1 Zawodny; Joseph M. October 20, 2011 Method for Producing Heavy Electrons Abstract A method for producing heavy electrons is based on a material system that includes an electrically-conductive material is selected. The material system has a resonant frequency associated therewith for a given operational environment. A structure is formed that includes a non-electrically-conductive material and the material system. The structure incorporates the electrically-conductive material at least at a surface thereof. The geometry of the structure supports propagation of surface plasmon polaritons at a selected frequency that is approximately equal to the resonant frequency of the material system. As a result, heavy electrons are produced at the electrically-conductive material as the surface plasmon polaritons propagate along the structure. Inventors: Zawodny; Joseph M.; (Poquoson, VA) Assignee: USA as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington DC Family ID: 44788191 Serial No.: 070552 Series 13 Code: Filed: March 24, 2011 Current U.S. Class: 376/108 Class at Publication: 376/108 Current CPC Class: G21B 3/00 20130101; Y02E 30/18 20130101 International Class: G21B 1/00 20060101 G21B001/00 Goverment Interests STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT [0002] The invention was made by an employee of the United States Government and may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Chemistry and Metamagnetism of an Homologous Series of Layered Manganese Oxysulfides Zolta´Na.Ga´L,† Oliver J
    Published on Web 06/10/2006 Structural Chemistry and Metamagnetism of an Homologous Series of Layered Manganese Oxysulfides Zolta´nA.Ga´l,† Oliver J. Rutt,† Catherine F. Smura,† Timothy P. Overton,† Nicolas Barrier,† Simon J. Clarke,*,† and Joke Hadermann‡ Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K., and Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), UniVersity of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Received February 7, 2006; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: An homologous series of layered oxysulfides Sr2MnO2Cu2m-δSm+1 with metamagnetic properties is described. Sr2MnO2Cu2-δS2 (m ) 1), Sr2MnO2Cu4-δS3 (m ) 2) and Sr2MnO2Cu6-δS4 (m ) 3), consist of 2+ MnO2 sheets separated from antifluorite-type copper sulfide layers of variable thickness by Sr ions. All three compounds show substantial and similar copper deficiencies (δ ≈ 0.5) in the copper sulfide layers, and single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction measurements show that the copper ions in the m ) 2 and m ) 3 compounds are crystallographically disordered, consistent with the possibility of high two-dimensional copper ion mobility. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show high-temperature Curie- Weiss behavior with magnetic moments consistent with high spin manganese ions which have been oxidized to the (2+δ)+ state in order to maintain a full Cu-3d/S-3p valence band, and the compounds are correspondingly p-type semiconductors with resistivities around 25 Ω cm at 295 K. Positive Weiss temperatures indicate net ferromagnetic interactions between moments. Accordingly, magnetic susceptibility measurements and low-temperature powder neutron diffraction measurements show that the moments within a MnO2 sheet couple ferromagnetically and that weaker antiferromagnetic coupling between sheets leads to A-type antiferromagnets in zero applied magnetic field.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Materials
    Vol 442|17 August 2006|doi:10.1038/nature05023 REVIEWS Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials W. Eerenstein1, N. D. Mathur1 & J. F. Scott2 A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements. A ferromagnetic crystal exhibits a stable and switchable magnetization that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange. There are very few ‘multiferroic’ materials that exhibit both of these properties, but the ‘magnetoelectric’ coupling of magnetic and electrical properties is a more general and widespread phenomenon. Although work in this area can be traced back to pioneering research in the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a recent resurgence of interest driven by long-term technological aspirations. ince its discovery less than one century ago, the phenomenon magnetic ferroelectrics8 (Fig. 1). Magnetoelectric coupling may arise of ferroelectricity1, like superconductivity, has been considered directly between the two order parameters, or indirectly via strain. in relation to the ancient phenomenon of magnetism. Just as We also consider here strain-mediated indirect magnetoelectric recent work has shown that magnetic order can create super- coupling in materials where the magnetic and electrical order S 2 conductivity , it has also been shown that magnetic order can create parameters arise in separate but intimately connected phases (Fig. 3). (weak) ferroelectricity3 and vice versa4,5. Single-phase materials in A confluence of three factors explains the current high level of which ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity arise independently also interest in magnetoelectrics and multiferroics. First, in 2000, Hill exist, but are rare6. As this new century unfolds, the study of materials (now Spaldin) discussed the conditions required for ferroelectricity possessing coupled magnetic and electrical order parameters has and ferromagnetism to be compatible in oxides, and declared them to been revitalized.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Field-Enhanced Unusual Hysteresis Produced By
    PHYSICAL REVIEW B 94, 184427 (2016) Low-field-enhanced unusual hysteresis produced by metamagnetism of the MnP clusters in the insulating CdGeP2 matrix under pressure T. R. Arslanov,1,* R. K. Arslanov,1 L. Kilanski,2 T. Chatterji,3 I. V. Fedorchenko,4,5 R. M. Emirov,6 and A. I. Ril5 1Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Daghestan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 367003 Makhachkala, Russia 2Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland 3Institute Laue-Langevin, Boˆıte Postale 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France 4Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia 5National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049, Moscow, Russia 6Daghestan State University, Faculty of Physics, 367025 Makhachkala, Russia (Received 11 April 2016; revised manuscript received 28 October 2016; published 22 November 2016) Hydrostatic pressure studies of the isothermal magnetization and volume changes up to 7 GPa of magnetic composite containing MnP clusters in an insulating CdGeP2 matrix are presented. Instead of alleged superparamagnetic behavior, a pressure-induced magnetization process was found at zero magnetic field, showing gradual enhancement in a low-field regime up to H 5 kOe. The simultaneous application of pressure and magnetic field reconfigures the MnP clusters with antiferromagnetic alignment, followed by onset of a field-induced metamagnetic transition. An unusual hysteresis in magnetization after pressure cycling is observed, which is also enhanced by application of the magnetic field, and indicates reversible metamagnetism of MnP clusters. We relate these effects to the major contribution of structural changes in the composite, where limited volume reduction by 1.8% is observed at P ∼ 5.2 GPa.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanoparticle Synthesis for Magnetic Hyperthermia
    Declaration Nanoparticle Synthesis For Magnetic Hyperthermia This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Chemistry) Luanne Alice Thomas Supervised by Professor I. P. Parkin University College London Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ 2010 i Declaration I, Luanne A. Thomas, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ii Abstract Abstract This work reports on an investigation into the synthesis, control, and stabilisation of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications using magnetic hyperthermia. A new understanding of the factors effecting nanoparticle growth in a coprecipitation methodology has been determined. This thesis challenges the highly cited Ostwald Ripening as the primary mechanism for nanoparticulate growth, and instead argues that in certain conditions, such as increasing reaction temperature, a coalescence mechanism could be favoured by the system. Whereas in a system with a slower rate of addition of the reducing agent, Ostwald ripening is the favoured mechanism. The iron oxide nanoparticles made in the study were stabilised and functionalised for the purpose of stability in physiological environments using either carboxylic acid or phosphonate functionalised ligands. It was shown that phosphonate ligands form a stronger attachment to the nanoparticle surface and promote increased stability in aqueous solutions, however, this affected the magnetic properties of the particles and made them less efficient heaters when exposed to an alternating magnetic fields. Tiopronin coated iron oxide nanoparticles were a far superior heater, being over four times more effective than the best commercially available product.
    [Show full text]
  • Metamagnetism in Linear Chain Electron-Transfer Salts Based on Decamethylferrocenium and Metal–Bis(Dichalcogenate) Acceptors
    www.elsevier.com/locate/ica Inorganica Chimica Acta 326 (2001) 89–100 Metamagnetism in linear chain electron-transfer salts based on decamethylferrocenium and metal–bis(dichalcogenate) acceptors S. Rabac¸a a, R. Meira a, L.C.J. Pereira a, M. Teresa Duarte b, J.J. Novoa c, V. Gama a,* a Departamento Quı´mica, Instituto Tecnolo´gico e Nuclear, P-2686-953 Saca6e´m, Portugal b Departamento Engenharia Quı´mica, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, P-1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal c Departamento Quı´mica Fı´sica and CER Quimica Teo´rica, Uni6ersidad de Barcelona, A6. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Received 15 May 2001; accepted 12 September 2001 In memory of Professor Olivier Kahn Abstract The crystal structure of the electron-transfer (ET) salts [Fe(Cp*)2][M(tds)2], with M=Ni (1) and Pt (2), consists of an array of + − \ parallel alternating donors, [Fe(Cp*)2] , and acceptors, [M(tds)2] , ···DADADA···, stacks. For T 20 K, the magnetic susceptibility follows a Curie–Weiss behavior, with q values of 8.9 and 9.3 K for 1 and 2, respectively. A metamagnetic behavior was observed in 2, with TN =3.3 K and HC =3.95 kG at 1.7 K, resulting from a high magnetic anisotropy. A systematic study of the intra and interchain magnetic interactions was performed on 1, 2 and other ET salts based on decamethylferrocenium and on metal–bis(dichalcogenate) acceptors, with a similar crystal structure. The observed magnetic behavior of these compounds is consistent with the presence of strong ferromagnetic intrachain DA interactions and weaker antiferromagnetic interchain interactions, predicted by the McConnell I model.
    [Show full text]
  • Theories of Superconductivity (A Few Remarks)
    Theories of superconductivity (a few remarks) Autor(en): Ginzburg, V.L. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Helvetica Physica Acta Band (Jahr): 65 (1992) Heft 2-3 PDF erstellt am: 10.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-116395 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Helv Phys Acta 0O18-O238/92/030173-72$l.50+0.20/0 Vol. 65 (1992) (c) 1992 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel Theories of superconductivity (a few remarks)1 By V. L. Ginzburg P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 117924, Moscow, USSR Abstract. The early history in the development of superconductivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents (Online, Part 1)
    PERIODICALS PHYSICAL REVIEW BTM Postmaster send address changes to: For editorial and subscription correspondence, APS Subscription Services please see inside front cover Suite 1NO1 (ISSN: 1098-0121) 2 Huntington Quadrangle Melville, NY 11747-4502 THIRD SERIES, VOLUME 83, NUMBER 4 CONTENTS JANUARY 2011-15(II) RAPID COMMUNICATIONS Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems Signatures of Wigner localization in epitaxially grown nanowires (4 pages) ................................. 041101(R) L. H. Kristinsdottir,´ J. C. Cremon, H. A. Nilsson, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, H. Linke, A. Wacker, and S. M. Reimann Suppression of metal-insulator transition at high pressure and pressure-induced magnetic ordering in pyrochlore oxide Nd2Ir2O7 (4 pages) ............................................................................ 041102(R) Masafumi Sakata, Tomoko Kagayama, Katsuya Shimizu, Kazuyuki Matsuhira, Seishi Takagi, Makoto Wakeshima, and Yukio Hinatsu LDA + DMFT study of Ru-based perovskite SrRuO3 and CaRuO3 (4 pages) ................................ 041103(R) E. Jakobi, S. Kanungo, S. Sarkar, S. Schmitt, and T. Saha-Dasgupta √ √ Geometrical frustration and the competing phases of the Sn/Si(111) 3 × 3R30◦ surface systems (4 pages) . 041104(R) Gang Li, Manuel Laubach, Andrzej Fleszar, and Werner Hanke Relativistic effects in a phosphorescent Ir(III) complex (4 pages) .......................................... 041105(R) A. R. G. Smith, M. J. Riley, S.-C. Lo, P. L. Burn, I. R. Gentle, and B. J. Powell Impurity scattering in a Luttinger liquid with electron-phonon coupling (4 pages) ............................ 041106(R) Alexey Galda, Igor V. Yurkevich, and Igor V. Lerner Semiconductors I: bulk Persistent polarization memory in sexithiophene nanostructures (4 pages) ................................... 041201(R) Benoit Gosselin, Vincent Cardin, Alexandre Favron, Jelissa De Jonghe, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Carlos Silva, and Richard Leonelli Candidates for topological insulators: Pb-based chalcogenide series (4 pages) ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Spin Canting, Metamagnetism, and Single-Chain Magnetic Behaviour in the Cyano-Bridged Homospin Iron(II) Compound
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chem. Commun. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Spin canting, metamagnetism, and single-chain magnetic behaviour in the cyano-bridged homospin Iron(II) compound Dong Shao, Shao-Liang Zhang, Xin-hua Zhao, Xin-Yi Wang* † State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. *Email: [email protected] Supporting Information 1 Table of contents: 1. Physical Measurements……………………………………………………………..3 2. Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………….3 3. X-ray crystallography……………………………………………………………….4 3.1 X-ray data collection, structure solution and refinement for 1 ……………………………4 Table S1 Crystallographic Data and Structure Refinement Parameters for 1 …………………5 Table S2 Selected Bond Lengths (Ǻ) and Bond Angles (deg) in 1 ……………………………6 Figure S1 The asymmetric unit of 1…………………………………………….……….……6 Figure S2 The packing diagram of 1 showing the interchain distances.………………………6 4. Magnetic Properties…………………………………………………………………………….7 Figure S3 Field-dependent isothermal magnetization curve for 1 below 7 K.…...……………7 Figure S4 The derivatives of the magnetization (dM /dH vs H) of 1 ……………….…………7 Figure S5 A series of magnetic susceptibility curves of 1 measured at different dc fields.…...8 Figure S6 Frequency dependence of χ' and χ" of the ac susceptibility for 1 at different temperatures at 0 or 2200 Oe dc fields.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Classical Physicist
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Stephen Ducharme Publications Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy 9-2007 Vitaly Ginzburg: The Last Classical Physicist Vladimir Fridkin Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Stephen Ducharme University of Nebraska, [email protected] Wolfgang Kleemann University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany, [email protected] Yoshihiro Ishibashi Nagoya University, Japan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicsducharme Part of the Physics Commons Fridkin, Vladimir; Ducharme, Stephen; Kleemann, Wolfgang; and Ishibashi, Yoshihiro, "Vitaly Ginzburg: The Last Classical Physicist" (2007). Stephen Ducharme Publications. 49. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicsducharme/49 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Stephen Ducharme Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Ferroelectrics , 354 :1–2 (2007), pp. 1–2; doi 10.1080/00150190701455054 Copyright © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Vitaly Ginzburg: The Last Classical Physicist (Guest Editorial) It is a great honor and responsibility to be Guest Editors for the special issue of Ferroelectrics , dedicated to the 90th Birthday of Nobel Prize Winner Prof. Vitaly Ginzburg. We have entitled our Guest Editorial “The Last Classical Physicist” because his creative work practically covers all regions of the modern physics: astronomy, astrophysics, cosmic rays, high spin elementary particles, quantum electrodynamics, solid state physics, including superconductivity and superfluidity, superdiamagnetism and ferrotoroics, crystallooptics and last (but for this journal not least) the theory of ferroelectricity and soft mode conception.
    [Show full text]
  • NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Excitons, Photons, and Plasmons In
    NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Excitons, Photons, and Plasmons in Novel Material Structures A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of Materials Science and Engineering By Mark A. Anderson EVANSTON, ILLINOIS December 2008 2 © Copyright by Mark A. Anderson 2008 All Rights Reserved 3 ABSTRACT Excitons, Photons, and Plasmons in Novel Material Structures Mark A. Anderson Characterizing the interaction of light and matter has become increasingly important in recent decades, as devices scale down, data transfer speeds up, and the use of photon-based technology (photonics and optoelectronics) becomes widespread. Copper chloride (CuCl) thin films and zinc oxide (ZnO) inverse opal photonic crystals are the two material systems investigated herein, and they interact with light in very different ways. CuCl is a nonlinear optical material with unique excitonic properties. CuCl thin films were fabricated by thermal evaporation and characterized by low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and angle-dependent second harmonic generation. Angle-dependent PL from CuCl films under resonant two- photon excitation revealed that the generated excitonic molecules have an angular dispersion along the laser direction, implying the creation of bipolaritons rather than biexcitons. A broad non-resonant two- photon excitation regime was discovered in CuCl pellets, but not for films. This regime is likely caused by the presence of surface and bulk defects that create an intermediate state for exciton generation. Measurements of second harmonic generation (SHG) from CuCl films revealed the strength of the SHG response is highly dependent on the stress, orientation, and quality of the growing films.
    [Show full text]