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RED.CloudCookbookCover-US.indd 1 6/10/10 5:34:23 PM RED.CloudCookbookCover-US.indd 2 6/10/10 5:34:23 PM Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook

This paper provides an overview of a reference archi- • Step 4: Run Red Hat Enterprise applications tecture prepared by Red Hat that fully documents how in the cloud. to build your own private cloud. The publicly available, • Step 5: Run JBoss Enterprise Middleware in-depth reference architecture captures the experi- applications in the cloud. ence and knowledge of Red Hat engineers who went • Step 6: Run Red Hat Enterprise MRG Grid through the complete process of building a cloud. The applications in the cloud. reference architecture includes not only step–by–step In order to help you implement a private cloud, the instructions, but also scripts, configuration specifics, following Red Hat courses and services are avail- and port settings for cloud building. In short, it shows able to complement the Red Hat Cloud Reference you how to implement a cloud starting from bare metal Architecture: servers and ending with a complete, operating proof– • Red Hat Cloud Training Courses of–concept. This document covers the highlights of Red Hat Cloud Foundations Reference Architecture, • Red Hat Cloud Consulting Services Edition One: Private IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) Future editions of the Red Hat Cloud Reference Archi- Clouds. The full reference architecture document is at: tecture will develop the following concepts further: https://inquiries.redhat.com/go/redhat/cloud-founda- • Red Hat Cloud Foundations Reference tions Architecture: Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Red Hat Cloud Foundations Reference Implementing the foundations for a private cloud are Architecture: Managing applications in the cloud summarized in the following steps: • Red Hat Cloud Foundations Reference • Step 1: Install hardware and configure network. Architecture: Managing mixed private clouds • Step 2: Deploy highly available cloud • Red Hat Cloud Foundations Reference management services. Architecture: Adding public clouds • Step 3: Create cloud hosts and tenants. • Red Hat Cloud Reference Architecture: Creating large-scale clouds

Step 4: Run RHEL Applications in the Cloud

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 5: Install Hardware HA Cloud Create Cloud Run JBoss & Network Management Hosts & Guests Applications in Services the Cloud

Step 6: Run MRG Grid Applications in the Cloud

www.redhat.com/rhel/resource_center/reference_architecture.html Red Hat Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook

Glossary

Cobbler: Installed with (RHN) Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV): Refers , is an installation server that collects collectively to the hypervisor and management the various methods of performing unattended components of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization. system installations, whether they are server or workstation systems. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-H (RHEV-H): Red Hat’s “embedded hypervisor,” which uses a Deltacloud: An application programming interface tailored copy of to provide that abstracts the differences between various public a fully-compatible application environment in a small and private clouds, thereby allowing workloads to be footprint. transportable. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-M (RHEV-M): KVM: Kernel-based Virtual Machine is a module of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-Management the Linux kernel that allows Linux to act as a Type 1 manages virtualized environments, including (native) hypervisor. advanced features such as live migration.

Red Hat Enterprise MRG: A next-generation IT Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite: RHN Satellite infrastructure incorporating Messaging, Realtime, provides management, provisioning, and monitoring and Grid functionality — including support for a full that lets many servers be managed as one. Satellite spectrum of distributed tasks. serves as a software repository for an enterprise and delivers software updates and patches in a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL): Red Hat Enterprise coordinated manner. Linux is the leading commercial Linux, which provides compatibility across private and public clouds. Tenant VM: A guest virtual machine used for a user workload.

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OVERVIEW

The foundation for a private cloud described here The above cloud management services are used to illustrates a phased approach to technology adoption configure a farm of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization starting with server consolidation using virtualization, host systems and configure tenant VMs on the then adding services that help automate the deploy- Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization hosts. Different use ment of additional software. By itself, virtualization cases for deploying the following tenant VMs offers many benefits to IT, including improved server are described: utilization and the ability to move workloads around • Red Hat Enterprise Linux tenant VMs more easily. Expanding beyond virtualization helps an • Windows tenant VMs IT organization better manage the scale and complex- ity of their infrastructure. Cloud management services are used to deploy applications in the VMs. Specifically documented is This reference architecture also demonstrates how the installation of the following types of application a cloud doesn’t need to be built all at once but, rather, in tenant VMs: can build off a new or existing virtualization deploy- • Red Hat Enterprise Linux applications ment. A proof–of–concept, such as this, is often • JBoss Enterprise Middleware applications applied first in a highly dynamic environment such • Red Hat Enterprise MRG Grid applications. as development and test, but it’s a general purpose approach that can be applied to just about any use. This implementation cookbook summarizes key steps, identifies major components, and provides illustra- Red Hat’s approach to cloud computing does not tive examples of deeper-level information, while the lock an enterprise into one vendor’s cloud stack, but companion reference architecture document contains instead offers a rich set of products for building a greater detail, including scripts and specific configura- cloud. These can be used alone or in conjunction with tion settings. components from third-party vendors to create the cloud that best meets the customer’s unique needs.

This reference architecture starts with the deployment of cloud infrastructure management services on a pair of servers configured as a cluster using (RHCS) for high availability. The infrastructure management services include: • Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite • Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager • DNS and DHCP services • RHCS management (using Conga) Most of these services are installed in virtual machines (VMs).

www.redhat.com/rhel/resource_center/reference_architecture.html Red Hat Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook

Step 1: InStall Hardware

The hardware foundation of this private cloud includes: initially used to support the satellite server virtual • A pair of server blades, connected to shared fibre machine (VM) that is in turn used to provision both channel disks and configured as a cluster for management cluster members. high availability, used to deploy cloud infrastruc- • A farm of server blades, connected to shared fibre ture management services. One of the servers is channel storage, used to host the tenant VMs.

MGMT-1 MGMT-2

MRG Mgr JON Cloud Satellite, RHEV-M NFS for ISO RHEL Cobbler Libraries RHEL VM Infrastructure VM Windows Mgmt Services GFS2 for RHEL VM Cluster VM Defn. VM Clustered Services

Red Hat Cluster Suite

RHEL / KVM RHEL / KVM

x86 Blade Server x86 Blade Server Shared FC Storage

RHEL-HOST-1 RHEV-HOST-1

JBoss App Grid App JBoss App Grid App

Hypervisor App JBoss EAP… MRG Grid App JBoss EAP… MRG Grid Hosts for Cloud RHEL Win RHEL Win RHEL RHEL Win RHEL Win RHEL Tenant VMs VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM RHEL / KVM RHEV-H

x86 Blade Server x86 Blade Server

Shared Storage

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Step 2: Deploy highly available clouD management ServiceS

Cloud management services are used to set up the Install Python-based Expect scripts for communicating cloud hosts, the VMs within those hosts, and the ap- with vendor-specific components (Integrated Lights plications in those VMs. To ensure the availability of Out, On-board Administrator, Storage Array, and Virtual these services, two Red Hat Enterprise Linux server Connection Manager) on the server used to manage blades are clustered (active/passive) using Red Hat the installation. Cluster Suite. Each of the cluster nodes is configured to run Red Hat Enterprise Linux with the bundled KVM Download the released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5 hypervisor. For most management services, a VM is DVD and duplicate the media. Modify the duplicate tree created using the KVM hypervisor and configured as with a custom kickstart file configured to: an Red Hat Cluster Suite service. The management • install and configure the system services, such as Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite, are • copy the media to the installed system and then installed in VMs. The Satellite VM provides the configure its NFS export configuration management of the Red Hat Enterprise • set the time and prepare the Network Time Linux system and is the network maintainer of services Protocol (NTP) daemon to auto start including Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), • perform RHN registration Domain Name System (DNS), and Preboot eXecution • configure preferred firewall settings Environment (PXE). • convert the public network to a bridge The first step is to provision one of the cluster member • configure resolv.conf server blades that will create and temporarily host the • disable the Large Receive Offload (LRO) feature satellite VM.

Cloud Infrastructure Management Services running in High Availability Cluster

MGMT-1 MGMT-2

MRG Mgr JON Satellite, RHEV-M NFS for ISO RHEL Cobbler Libraries RHEL VM VM GFS2 to Windows VM Defn. RHEL VM VM Clustered Services

Red Hat Cluster Suite

RHEL / KVM RHEL / KVM

x86 Blade Server x86 Blade Server Shared FC Storage

www.redhat.com/rhel/resource_center/reference_architecture.html Red Hat Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook

The final step performed by the custom kickstart will After the satellite software has completed installing, prepare further actions for execution upon next boot of user interaction is required to add the first satellite the satellite VM. user ‘admin’.

After the installation tree has been modified with the Confirm that all of the required channels have been custom kickstart, create an ISO image from the modi- synchronized and execute a post-Satellite build script fied directory, disconnect fibre channel storage, and that will: install onto the server blade being temporarily used • create the Satellite infrastructure and tenant to create and configure the satellite VM. organizations and their default activation keys Upon first boot, post-install scripts will: • create activation keys for Red Hat Enterprise MRG systems • install the aforementioned Python-based Expect • provision the first management cluster member scripts for communicating with vendor -specific • prepare satellite to install the JBoss Operations components Network (JBoss ON) and Red Hat Enterprise MRG • configure the required volume groups for manage- Manager VMs, as well as the Red Hat Enterprise ment services, cluster quorum, Global File System Virtualization-Hypervisor and Red Hat Enterprise v2 (GFS2), and RHEV-M Linux/KVM hosts. • create the logical volume for the satellite VM. The provisioning of the first management cluster mem- Next the post-install scripts will: ber (called from the post-Satellite build script) includes: • present the volumes to each host bus adapter • setting member two as an NTP peer (HBA) in the server • configuring named to act as a DNS slave • deploy a device-mapper multipath configuration • configuring the first boot to host the satellite file preconfigured with recommended MSA array VM previously created on the temporary server settings • deploying a preconfigured cluster configuration • generate a secure shell configuration for distribu- file tion to other cluster members • creating a logical volume for use as Red Hat • create the satellite VM Enterprise Virtualization NFS storage for the • remove the RHN registration of the temporary sys- ISO image library tem to avoid conflict when this blade later regis- • creating the other management VMs ters as the second management cluster member Once the Satellite VM has started on the first manage- The creation of the satellite VM via custom kickstart not ment cluster member, its preconfigured rc.local com- only installs the OS, it also: mands will start the creation of the second manage- • copies the resources directory to the system ment cluster member. • sets the time and prepares NTP to auto-start • configures firewall rules The creation of the second management cluster • registers the machine with RHN member includes post installation scripts that will: • updates software • set member one as an NTP peer • configures DHCP and DNS • configure named to act as a DNS slave • performs Cobbler-related SELinux configurations • deploy the preconfigured cluster configuration file • deposits a preferred resolv.conf file • shut down the Satellite VM on member one • prepares further actions to be performed upon • label the quorum disk for cluster use next boot.

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• add both interfaces of each member to the list of Enterprise Virtualization is achieved using the secure known hosts of the other member pre-downloaded installer. • create and populate a GFS2 file system for VM configuration file storage The next step in setting up the management cluster is • configure and start cluster services on both to use Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-Management members to create and configure a datacenter with a storage pool and a populated ISO image library for VM installa- • start the Satellite VM as a VM service tions. This is done by creating a new datacenter, creat- The cluster configuration file is preconfigured for clus- ing a new cluster within that datacenter, adding the ter services including an NFS service providing storage pre-created Red Hat Enterprise Linux/KVM host, creat- for the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Management ing and attaching a storage pool, creating and attach- ISO image library, and VM services for Satellite, JBoss ing an ISO library, and finally populating the ISO library. ON, Red Hat Enterprise MRG and Red Hat Enterprise The guest tools and Virt I/O driver images are already Virtualization-Management. included in the predefined image used for installation.

Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-Management pro- Because the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-Hyper- vides enterprise virtualization management features visor host cannot be installed until Red Hat Enterprise including live migration, high availability, load balancing, Virtualization-Management is operational, the final power saving, and more. In this case, a Windows Server step is to install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization- 2008 R2 VM is created that will require user interac- Hypervisor on the target server and reboot so that tion upon its first boot, and the installation of Red Hat it can be discovered and approved in Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-Management.

Step 3: Create Cloud HoStS and GueStS

After creating the cloud infrastructure management ety of different ways. Windows tenants can be deployed services, the next steps involve creating virtualization using either an ISO library or templates created from hosts using either the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization previously installed tenants. Red Hat Enterprise Linux embedded hypervisor or Red Hat Enterprise Linux with tenants can use those two methods as well as PXE. KVM. This document uses Red Hat Enterprise Virtual- ization-H but the detailed reference architecture fully To install a Red Hat Enterprise Linux VM on a Red Hat documents both cases. Enterprise Virtualization-H host using PXE, an activa- tion key is first created and configured as a user in the PXE booting of the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-H tenant organization of Satellite. This key is added to a live image is first enabled on the Satellite VM. This new kickstart profile along with additional settings that is done by downloading its RPM package from RHN, help to automate the installation process. The new VM installing it, and using the included live CD tools to instance is started from Red Hat Enterprise Virtual- generate the files required for PXE. Then create profiles ization-M by specifying PXE in the boot sequence tab in Cobbler to automate the hypervisor configuration along with other details, such as the VM’s memory size. and installation process. After PXE booting the system, After initial PXE booting, the cobbler PXE boot menu is approve it from the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-M displayed. Select the previously created kickstart. host tab. Tenant VMs can now be configured in a vari-

www.redhat.com/rhel/resource_center/reference_architecture.html Red Hat Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook

Alternatively, if using the ISO library, first populate the the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-M user interface. ISO library with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO image, A new VM can now be created from this template by which can be downloaded from the RHN website. This specifying the template’s name when creating a new takes place through the ISO uploader utility in Red Hat VM from Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-M. When the Enterprise Virtualization-M. After mounting the ISO VM is ready to boot for the first time, register it with image as a DVD and setting it as the second device in the Satellite VM because it will be known to Satellite the boot sequence, configure and boot the VM through with its parent ID until doing so. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization-M as before. The main procedural difference for deploying Windows To use a template instead, prepare the template system tenants using the ISO library or templates is that to register with Satellite upon booting and clear hard- systems are prepared differently for templating with coded settings, such as hostnames; the sys-unconfig Windows. The details differ by Windows version, but the command is one way to make the system reconfigure basic process involves using Microsoft’s System Prepa- network, authentication, and several other subsystems ration tool (sysprep) to strip the source VM of on the next boot. Then use the “Make Template” in its individual computer identity.

Step 4: Run Red Hat enteRpRiSe Linux appLicationS in tHe cLoud

The process with standard Red Hat Enterprise Linux applications is similar. They can be treated as what Running RHEL Applications in are sometimes called virtual appliances — effectively Tenant VMs in the Cloud an application pre-combined with a tailored copy of the . Alternatively, the operating RHEV-HOST-1 system can be a standard or customized Red Hat RHEV-HOST-1 Enterprise Linux image that is installed into a VM with RHEL App RHEV-HOST-1RHEL App … the application layered on top in the usual manner. RHEL App RHEL App RHEL App RHEL … RHEL AppRHELRHEL 5.5 AppVM Windows applications can also be installed into RHELRHEL 5.5 AppVMRHEL 5.5 … RHEL AppVMRHEL 5.5 VM Windows VMs in this infrastructure. RHEL 5.5 VMRHEL 5.5 VMRHEL 5.5 VM RHEL 5.5 VM RHEV-H VM RHEV-H x86 Blade Server RHEV-H x86 Server x86 Server

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Step 5: Run JBoSS enteRpRiSe ApplicAtion plAtfoRm ApplicAtionS in the cloud

What has been covered so far takes the user through Running JBoss Applications in the process of creating a virtualized foundation for a Tenant VMs in the Cloud cloud infrastructure. Building on top of that dynamic infrastructure can now begin. This section shows the RHEV-HOST-1 process for JBoss Enterprise Application Platform (EAP) applications. RHEV-HOST-1 JBoss App RHEV-HOST-1JBoss App JBoss App JBoss App The first step is to install JBoss Operations Network, JBoss AppJBoss EAP … JBoss AppJBoss EAP an integrated management platform that simplifies JBoss EAP JBoss App JBoss AppJBoss EAP … JBoss AppJBoss EAPRHEL VM the development, testing, deployment, and monitor- JBoss EAPRHEL VM … RHEL VM JBoss EAP ing of JBoss Enterprise Middleware; it gets installed JBoss EAPRHEL VM JBoss EAPRHEL VM in a Red Hat Enterprise Linux VM on the management RHEL VM RHEL VMRHELRHEV-H VM services cluster. RHEL VM RHEV-H x86 Blade Server Create a storage volume. Use Satellite to configure the RHEV-H activation key and create a new kickstart profile using x86 Server the settings provided in the reference architecture. x86 Server Next, run scripts available from Red Hat to configure firewall ports, update packages, and download JBoss ON. JBoss ON is then provisioned using the previously created kickstart profile. Now configure this VM as a cluster service in the same manner as the other VM services.

Applications and their associated middleware software Because, in this example, each new JBoss VM auto- stack can then be installed on the tenant VMs; the matically registers with JBoss ON, deployment via entire application stack can be PXE booted. After template will differ only as much as the VM created to configuring kickstart, a post-installation script is used act as a model for the template will not register itself to open JBoss-specific firewall ports, ensure all in- with JBoss ON; this lets any VM created from this stalled software is up-to-date, install and configure the template register its own IP address. Using a template JBoss Enterprise Application Platform and JBoss ON and a PowerShell script accessed through the Red Hat agent, and deploy a JBoss application. The application Enterprise Virtualization-M scripting library, multiple can then be PXE booted in a VM using Red Hat Enter- instances of a JBoss application VM can be rapidly prise Virtualization-M. Once the installation is complete, provisioned on the tenant VM cluster. This allows for the JBoss ON console dashboard will display the VM as rapid scaling in response to changes in demand, a an auto-discovered resource. hallmark of a cloud architecture.

www.redhat.com/rhel/resource_center/reference_architecture.html Red Hat Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook

Step 6: Run Red Hat enteRpRiSe MRG GRid applicationS in tHe cloud

Red Hat Enterprise MRG Grid applications can also be As with the JBoss example, MRG Grid applications can installed on this platform. Based on the Condor project, be installed on the tenant system as part of a the full MRG Grid provides the most advanced and scalable software stack (Red Hat Enterprise Linux, MRG Grid platform for high throughput and high performance middleware, plus the application itself). computing with capabilities, such as: • Advanced features for handling priorities, work- flows, concurrency limits, utilization, low latency Running MRG Grid Applications scheduling, and more. in Tenant VMs in the Cloud • Support for a wide variety of tasks, ranging from sub-second calculations to long-running, highly parallel (MPI) jobs. RHEV-HOST-1 RHEV-HOST-1 • The ability to schedule to all available comput- Grid App RHEV-HOST-1Grid App ing resources, including local grids, remote grids, Grid App Grid App virtual machines, idle desktop workstations, and Grid AppMRG Grid … Grid AppMRGGrid Grid App dynamically provisioned cloud infrastructure. MRGGrid Grid AppMRG Grid … Grid AppMRG GridRHEL VM MRG GridRHELMRG VM Grid … As with JBoss ON, the MRG Manager is installed as a RHELMRG VM GridRHEL VM MRG GridRHEL VM cluster service on the management services cluster. It’s RHEL VM RHEL VM RHEL VM RHEV-H installed via Satellite by preparing the MRG channels RHEL VM and configuring them with provided files that contain RHEV-H x86 Blade Server all non-default values. Create the storage area, con- RHEV-H x86 Server figure the activation key, add required packages, and configure the kickstart. A supplied script performs the x86 Server necessary configuration for the MRG Manage Console. After provisioning the MRG Manage VM, configure it as a cluster service.

TakinG iT FurTher Over time, Red Hat will add additional cloud services Red Hat provides not only the products to build a that build on and augment the components demon- cloud implementation, but also the documentation, strated in this proof–of–concept. However, as we have scripts, detailed step-by-step instructions, and ser- described, Red Hat today has the products necessary vices to get started today. to configure a rich set of highly available management tools and services on top of a flexible, virtualized foun- Future versions of the reference architecture will dation. Applications installed into this environment describe expanded details of Red Hat’s cloud can be rapidly resized, scaled, updated, or retired as infrastructure, including the following: requirements change. • Managing applications in the cloud • Managing mixed private clouds In short, this is an on-ramp for customers who want to • Adding public clouds either dip their toes into cloud computing or want to • Creating large-scale clouds begin building a more ambitious implementation.

www.redhat.com/solutions/cloud Red Hat Cloud Foundations, Edition One: Implementation Cookbook red haT Cloud TraininG Course

Red Hat Training provides a robust set of technologies The course (available Fall 2010) is targeted at: and partnerships for customers to learn to build cloud • Senior system architects, administrators, con- solutions. Among the key technologies are Red Hat sultants, and other IT professionals responsible Enterprise Virtualization, Red Hat Network Satellite, for the planning and implementation of cloud Red Hat Cluster Suite, JBoss Enterprise Application solutions Platform, and JBoss Operations Network. Red Hat • IT professionals at cloud providers wanting to Training courses are available for each of these tech- understand how to use Red Hat technologies nologies today. The cloud training course will lever- to build enterprise-class cloud solutions age Red Hat’s Cloud Reference Architecture and bring these technologies together into an integrated train- ing course on how to build an enterprise cloud solu- tion with Red Hat. red haT Cloud ConsulTinG serviCes

Red Hat Consulting delivers services to help you workloads to the established test cloud to deliver a navigate and execute your cloud adoption strategy: proof-of-concept.

I. Red Hat Cloud Quickstart The engagement helps organizations accelerate time- For customers ready to explore the viability of cloud to-deployment, with on-site product experts delivering in their infrastructure and develop proof points of configuration, support, and knowledge transfer. At the cloud viability. end of the engagement, customers can assess the vi- ability of cloud for their enterprise and, if chosen, can II. Red Hat Services Pathway to Cloud Computing demonstrate a tangible implementation of a private For customers ready to embark on a path to strategic cloud for testing purposes. This is a valuable step in planning and deployment of cloud technologies. cloud adoption, providing confidence in the organiza- tion’s ability to support larger cloud strategies. i. red haT Cloud QuiCksTarT Engagement duration: Quickstart: Two weeks The Red Hat Cloud Quickstart consulting engagement Quickstart plus proof-of-concept: Four weeks leverages Red Hat’s unique business and technology Deliverables: cloud model to help customers get started with a Sets up a environment along prototype cloud infrastructure. with JBoss Enterprise SOA Platform. The engagement provides on-site setup and configura- • Install and configure Red Hat Enterprise tion of cloud infrastructure technologies (up to ten Virtualization Manager for Servers and two servers) and knowledge transfer. For customers ready Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor hosts. to develop proof points of cloud viability, the quickstart • Install two Linux virtual machines into the Red Hat can be coupled with a migration of one to two actual Enterprise Virtualization environment.

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• Prepare IT staff with the knowledge to manage and configurations. The Pathway to Cloud Computing virtualization tasks beyond engagement. Includes leverages open source technologies, tools and stan- a one-day Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization dards, industry insight, and proven IT methodologies to Manager Workshop. provide you with the best approach to cloud computing. • Install JBoss Enterprise SOA Platform onto each virtual machine, along with a demonstration Each Pathway to Cloud Computing consists of four service. core strategic engagements: • Document the setup and create an OVF image • Cloud Readiness Assessment: Analyzes the of the virtualized environment. existing environment and provides a high-level • Provide SOA Workshop on creating services on roadmap to cloud adoption. JBoss Enterprise SOA Platform. • Cloud Quickstart: Leverages Red Hat’s unique business and technology cloud model to help customers get started with a prototype cloud ii. red haT serviCes PaThway infrastructure. To Cloud ComPuTinG • Cloud Architecture: Provides recommendations on which workloads are best suited for cloud. The Red Hat Services Pathway to Cloud Computing • Cloud Implementation: Builds a test bed cloud is a series of strategic consulting engagements that infrastructure. develop and implement a tailored roadmap to help Engagement duration customers move into a future of cloud computing and Red Hat Services Pathways are tailored to each business agility. customer’s needs. As a result, full pathway durations With Red Hat’s Cloud Computing Pathway, organiza- will vary. The first step along the Pathway to Cloud tions can build a private or public cloud infrastructure Computing, the Cloud Readiness Assessment is now using open standards as well as proven designs typically a four-week engagement.

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