Be a Better Birder: Duck and Waterfowl Identification

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Be a Better Birder: Duck and Waterfowl Identification Be A Better Birder: Duck and Waterfowl Identification Lesson 5: Identifying “Not Ducks” Welcome to Lesson Five in the waterfowl identification series. Hi, I am Kevin McGowan. This is our final lesson. We will be going over the not-ducks today, things that look like ducks, swim like ducks, act like ducks, but aren’t ducks at all. But some of them are related. That means swans and geese, loons and grebes. Remember that I say to break it down. Break your thing, your categories down into subcategories, and then try to identify from there. Don’t try to identify all of them, pick a category and narrow it down. This time we’ll be dealing with the swans, geese, and not-ducks. We will be going over 20 species in these three groups in this session. Start with swans. Swans are kind of easy. They’re big, long-necked, and they’re white. We have three species to deal with in North America: two native and one introduced. Let’s start with the introduced one, that’s the basic park swan, the Mute Swan. And it’s big and all white, with a long curved neck. That’s one of the things that you may notice, the “swan-like” neck. The Mute Swan has an exaggerated curve in the neck that’s a little different than the other two. Also note that it’s got an orange bill with a black face and a big swollen knob on the top of the bill. The male’s is a little bigger than the female’s, but otherwise the two look alike. Often we will see these birds with their heads and necks stained, kind of yellow or rusty. That’s just from foraging. Don’t worry about that. When the male is displaying he usually holds his wings fluffed up over the back in kind of an aggressive posture. One of the things to note with these guys is that they do have a relatively long tail for a swan. These guys can occur anywhere; they are the park swans. There are breeding populations along the Atlantic coast and in the Great Lakes. Remember white wingtips in flying swans. Trumpeter Swan is another big swan. It is as big as a Mute Swan. But look how different its profile is. It has a long straight neck with very little curve to it. And an all-black face and bill. No yellow or orange on the bill. Although at times you can see a little bit of orange or pink along the gape of the bill. Be ready for that. These guys also get their head and necks stained rusty fairly frequently. The eye is contained within the black of the face. That’s going to be important; we’ll talk about this in just a minute. These guys are fairly noisy. Mute swans aren’t quite mute, but they certainly don’t honk the way the other two species do. Their wings are noisy; they do rasp, make a raspy noise in flight, not whistling like the goldeneye, but more of a raspy thing. The Trumpeter Swan was previously found in the northern Rockies to Alaska. Now it’s been introduced into the Midwest and eastward, and so you never know when this guy is going to turn up. So, be ready for Trumpeter Swans. Tundra Swan looks very much like the Trumpeter Swan. It has a black bill and face. Size is a little smaller, but that’s really hard to tell. Note also that these guys have a yellow spot in front of their eye. It’s kind of variable, with different birds having it to different degrees. Sometimes it can be really yellow, and sometimes it’s completely missing. These birds, true their name, breed on the tundra and then come through most of the rest of North America in migration into winter. So, if you see large, large flocks of swans, chances are they’re Tundra Swans. So how do we tell Trumpeter from Tundra? They both have black faces. It can be a tricky ID. But look them in the eyes. The eyes have it here, just like we talked about some other birds. If there is yellow on the face, if there’s yellow in front of the eye, that’s definitive. That means that this is a Tundra Swan. The Trumpeters won’t have that. Unfortunately, there are, fairly frequently we find Tundra Swan’s without yellow. But the way to look at these guys is that, two things really. The Tundra Swan has more of a rounded head, and a bit of a dished profile, whereas the Trumpeter Swan’s is more or less a straight line all the way down flattened. The Tundra Swan is just a little bit cuter than the Trumpeter Swan. The other big thing, and this is one that I really like to use, is can you see the eye? If you notice the eye standing out away from the black, then it’s probably a Tundra Swan. Notice how the black seems to constrict in front of the Tundra Swan’s eye. And then the eye enlarges at the back. Whereas if we look at the Trumpeter Swan on the other hand, this is kind of a straight line right there, and it is not really opening up so much as it is moving back at a slightly different angle. And that to me is a really good characteristic. One of the other things that these guys have going for them for ID is their sounds. They both honk, but they sound different. The Trumpeter Swan is a bigger bird, has a more rumbly noise. The thing that I like to use is a Canada Goose as a marker, because most people are familiar with Canada Geese. And Trumpeter Swan has a lower call than the goose, and the Tundra Swan has a higher one. Let’s listen. Here’s Trumpeter Swan.[sound] Kind of low and resonant. Let’s listen to the Tundra Swan.[sound] Higher pitched. And so that’s something that you can use to identify these two birds; Trumpeter has a deeper voice. I do not recommend looking at the forehead to distinguish the two species. It’s a popular field mark, but it’s unreliable. It’s hard to see, and it’s hard to know if you actually saw it. For me, it doesn’t seem to be reliable. The way it’s stated is that the Trumpeter Swan’s forehead, if you’re looking at straight on, has a V-shape. And the tundra’s has a U shape. As I say, I don’t really believe it. Let’s take a look here. Here’s a swan that looks to have a fairly strong U shape. But in fact that’s a Trumpeter Swan, a typical Trumpeter Swan. Here we see this is clearly a Tundra Swan here, with yellow in front of the eye, with a nice V-shaped forehead. So I don’t trust that, I don’t think that’s the way to do it. I think it’s more, look for the head shape and the eye prominence. Juvenile swans can be confusing. Especially because Mute Swan’s bill starts out dark, and then turns orange. It gets paler. Whereas the other guys, both other species, start pink and then turn dark. So it’s kind of confusing. You’re going to see juvenile swans with a mixture of light and dark on their bills. Eye prominence is still a really good clue for Tundra and Trumpeter, especially when they’re really young. Look at this. You can see that on a Tundra Swan juvenile the eye doesn’t even look like it’s connected to the black of the face, whereas on the Trumpeter Swan it is. So that can still be a good characteristic for these two. Also the Tundra Swan gets white faster, so in the late season, in the late winter, if the bird is still dark all over it tends to be Trumpeter Swans. The juvenile Tundras are already white. Shape is still good to tell Mute Swan apart: it has a real curvy neck, even as a kid, and it does still have a longer tail. Ok. Here’s a quick quiz. Got to test you. What’s this swan? Have you decided? Obviously it’s a black face, so it’s got to be Tundra or Trumpeter. You have a 50-50 chance. And it is a Trumpeter Swan. Did you get that right? There’s a small point of confusion here, possibly. There’s a small bright spot on the bill. That’s simply a highlight, a reflection of the sunlight off the wet bill. This was a sunny day. So be careful. There are places to be confused about these things, but still a very flat profile, and the eye is pretty much the same width as the end of the black of the face. Alright, let’s turn to the geese. There are six common species of geese, and a couple more rare visitors. The sexes all look alike. Here we get lots of patterns of black and white. But watch for white besides the face. All of these birds have white under the tail, but look at the sides too. Notice that the Greater White-fronted Goose has a thin broken line going up the side. Brant have these kind of messy white patches on the side.
Recommended publications
  • Bird Report 1999
    YELLOWSTONE BIRD REPORT 1999 Terry McEneaney Yellowstone Center for Resources National Park Service Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR–NR–2000–02 Suggested citation: McEneaney, T. 2000. Yellowstone Bird Report, 1999. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, YCR–NR–2000–02. Cover: Special thanks to my wife, Karen McEneaney, for the stunning pencil drawing of a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) talon. The Golden Eagle is one of Yellowstone’s most formidable avian predators. When viewing Golden Eagle talons up close, one soon realizes why the bird is a force to be reckoned with in the natural world. Title page: Great Horned Owlet. The photographs in this report are courtesy of Terry McEneaney. ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 5 Bird Impression .............................................................. 20 Weather Patterns and Summary ....................................... 5 National Geographic Field Guide .................................... 21 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES .............................. 7 Retirement of Yellowstone Pilot Dave Stradley .............. 21 Peregrine Falcon ............................................................... 7 Yellowstone Birds: Their Ecology and Distribution ....... 21 Bald Eagle ........................................................................ 7 Computerized Database ................................................. 21 Whooping Crane .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • April 2018 VOL XXVIII No. 1
    TRUMPETINGS Voice of The Trumpeter Swan Society 12615 Rockford Rd., Plymouth, MN 55441-1248 715-441-1994 www.trumpeterswansociety.org [email protected] Since 1968: Assuring the vitality and welfare of wild Trumpeter Swans VOL. XXVIII No. 1 APRIL 2018 Changes to Migratory Bird Treaty Act weaken bird protections The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), signed into law in 1918, is among the oldest and most effective wildlife protection laws on the books. When Congress passed the MBTA in 1918, it codified a treaty already signed with Canada, then part of Great Britain. The Treaty was in response to the serious overharvest of numerous bird species that had resulted in extinction in a few instances and near extinction in some species. Since 1918, the MBTA has broadened its international scope through treaties with Mexico, Japan, and Russia. The MBTA is credited with saving numerous species from extinction, including Trumpeter Swans. It continues to protect nearly all native birds in the U.S. covering more than 1,000 species, including Trumpeter Swans. The Department of Interior made significant changes to the Legislation in Congress (HR 4239), and a new interpretation interpretation of the century-old Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Photo by Margaret Smith of the law by the Administration, would end the ability to hold industries accountable for bird deaths. Industries would only be held accountable if their intention or purpose was to harm birds through their activities. This rolls back decades of bipartisan support and interpretation of the MBTA. It also removes industry incentives to prevent bird deaths and its associated penalties.
    [Show full text]
  • Trumpeter Swan
    Alaska Species Ranking System - Trumpeter Swan Trumpeter Swan Class: Aves Order: Anseriformes Cygnus buccinator Review Status: Peer-reviewed Version Date: 20 February 2018 Conservation Status NatureServe: Agency: G Rank:G4 ADF&G: Species of Greatest Conservation Need IUCN:Least Concern Audubon AK: S Rank: S4B,S3N USFWS: BLM: Watch Final Rank Conservation category: IX. Blue low status and low biological vulnerability and action need Category Range Score Status -20 to 20 -8 Biological -50 to 50 -24 Action -40 to 40 0 Higher numerical scores denote greater concern Status - variables measure the trend in a taxon’s population status or distribution. Higher status scores denote taxa with known declining trends. Status scores range from -20 (increasing) to 20 (decreasing). Score Population Trend in Alaska (-10 to 10) 2 Trumpeter swans were nearly driven to extinction in the early 1900s due to overhunting. They have recovered since then, and in Alaska have exhibited an average annual increase of +5.3% per year from 1968 to 2015 (i.e. since USFWS surveys began; Groves 2017). This growth rate has slowed in recent decades and the population appears to have stabilized since 2005 (Groves 2017; D. Groves, pers. comm.). Distribution Trend in Alaska (-10 to 10) -10 Over the past 50 years, trumpeter swans have expanded their distribution, both within the core and the peripheries of their Alaskan range (Conant et al. 2002). The population now occupies much of the suitable habitat within Alaska's boreal forest and appears to be reaching carrying capacity in some parts of the state (Groves 2017). Further significant expansion within their core breeding range is unlikely; however, the population has continued to expand into peripheral boreal-tundra ecotone habitat (Bryant et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Download! the Trumpeter Swan
    G3647 The Trumpeter Swan by Sumner Matteson, Scott Craven and Donna Compton Snow-white Trumpeter Swans present a truly spectac- Swans of the Midwest ular sight. With a wingspan of more than 7 feet and a rumpeter Swans, along with ducks and geese, belong height of about 4 feet, the Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buc- to the avian Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae. cinator) ranks as the largest native waterfowl species in T Trumpeters have broad, flat bills with fine tooth-like North America. serrations along the edges which allow them to strain Because the Trumpeter Swan disappeared as a breed- aquatic plants and water. The birds’ long necks and ing bird in the Midwest, several states have launched strong feet allow them to uproot plants in water up to 4 restoration programs to reintroduce it to the region. This feet deep. publication will provide you with background informa- Most Trumpeter Swans weigh 21–30 pounds, tion on the Trumpeter Swan’s status and life history, and although some males exceed the average weight. The on restoration efforts being conducted in the upper male is called a cob; the female is called a pen; and a swan Midwest. in its first year is called a cygnet or juve- nile. The Trumpeter is often con- fused with the far more common Tundra Swan (formerly Whistling Swan, Cygnus columbianus), the only other native swan found routinely in North America. Tundra Swans can be seen in the upper Trumpeter Swan Midwest only during spring and fall migration. You can distinguish between the two native species most accurately by listening to their calls.
    [Show full text]
  • ILSOLC Bird Checklist
    Birding in Seguin Irma Lewis Seguin Outdoor Irma Lewis Seguin, Texas is located in south- central Texas, in an ecological area on Learning Center Seguin Outdoor Learning the boundary of Blackland Prairie to the north and the Post Oak Savannah The Seguin Outdoor Learning Center to the south and east. Most of the Center a 115-acre private, non surrounding land is in agricultural use, primarily cattle grazing, providing a -profit educational facility fairly diverse environment for birds. nestled along Geronimo Creek The Guadalupe River runs through the in northeast Seguin. Our city. Large pecan and cypress trees line the river, including the city park, facilities include a pavilion, Starcke Park, on Bus. 123 South. The natural history center, walking trail in Starcke Park East, along the confluence of Walnut Branch, environmental science center, offers good birding for warblers, blue- amphitheater, ropes course, “Education Through Experience For All Ages” birds and other passerines. Several small reservoirs located along the river nature trail, outdoor class- near town, including Lakes Dunlap, room and pond. Schools, youth McQueeney, and Placid also provide groups, sports teams, clubs, areas for waterfowl. churches and corporations enjoy our peaceful, natural Some species that are common around setting where children and Seguin may be of special interest to citizens of the community can birders from other regions. learn through discovery and Scissor-tailed Flycatchers are unique adventure common during the breeding season. Look for them on fences and telephone experiences. wires anywhere in the countryside around Seguin. Crested Caracaras are The ILSOLC is open to also common in the countryside and are Birding Hours: members, scheduled and especially visible when feeding on Monday-Friday, 8a-5p road-kill carcasses, often in the supervised groups only.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Analyses Reveal the Origin of Domestic Ducks and Identify Different
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.03.933069; this version posted February 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Genomic analyses reveal the origin of domestic ducks and identify different 2 genetic underpinnings of wild ducks. 3 Rui Liu1,*, Weiqing Liu2,3,*, Enguang Rong1, Lizhi Lu4, Huifang Li5, Li Chen4, Yong 4 Zhao3,6, Huabin Cao7, Wenjie Liu1, Chunhai Chen2, Guangyi Fan2,6,8, Weitao Song6, 5 Huifang Lu3, Yingshuai Sun3, Wenbin Chen2,9, Xin Liu2,6,9, Xun Xu2,6,9, Ning Li1,# 6 1State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 7 100094, China. 2BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. 3BGI-Wuhan, Wuhan 8 430075, China. 4Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang 9 Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China. 5Institute of Poultry 10 Science of Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225125, China. 6BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, 11 China. 7Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal 12 Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural 13 University, Nanchang 330045, China. 8State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in 14 Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 15 Macao, China. 9China National GeneBank-Shenzhen 16 *These authors contributed equally 17 #Corresponding authors: N.L.([email protected]) 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.03.933069; this version posted February 4, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterfowl/Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations
    2021 - 2022 Migratory Game A Bird Hunting L Regulations A S K Photo by Jamin Hunter Taylor Graphic Design by Sue Steinacher A The 2021 state duck stamp features a photograph by Jamin Hunter Taylor of a male ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris). Jamin is an Alaska-based nature photographer who specializes in hunting Alaska’s diverse avifauna through the lens of his camera. Ring-necked ducks breed throughout much of Alaska and often congregate into large flocks during fall migration. Unlike most other diving ducks, ring-necked ducks are frequently found in relatively small, shallow ponds and wetlands. The appropriateness of the bird’s common name (and scientific name “collaris”) is often questioned because, in the field, the neck ring is rarely visible. However, in hand it becomes obvious that males of the species do exhibit a chestnut-colored collar at the base of the neck. Despite their name, the species is more easily identified based on their pointed head shape and white ring around the bill. The State of Alaska is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. Contact [email protected] for alternative formats of this publication. 2 LICENSE AND STAMP REQUIREMENTS Resident Hunters All Alaska residents age 18 or older must possess a hunting license to hunt in Alaska and must carry it while hunting. Resident hunters 60 years old or older may obtain a free, permanent identification card issued by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). This card replaces the sport fishing, hunting, and trapping licenses. Disabled veterans qualified under AS 16.05.341 may receive a free hunting license.
    [Show full text]
  • Trumpeter Swans Return to Michigan, by Joe Johnson (Pdf)
    Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) W.C. Joe Johnson Status: State Threatened Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Schoolcraft Co., MI June, 2009 © Al Menk This species sponsored by Bryce & Paula Dreezen and Not found in MBBA I. also by Joe Johnson. Banko (1960) presents some compelling through the Great Lakes States to Eastern Ontario and New York. evidence that this species was once abundant and widespread on the North American All of the swans in the Interior Population are Continent; from the Atlantic to the Pacific and the result of restoration projects by federal, state the Arctic to the Gulf coast. The population was and provincial biologists between 1962 and severely depleted by subsistence hunting and 2008. Biologists began the Michigan effort in over 125 years of commercial swan skin harvest 1986 and finished releasing swans in 1993. A by hunters and trappers for the Hudson Bay total of 124 Trumpeters were released as two Company. Many thousands of skins were year olds. About a third of the swans were shipped to Europe between 1772 and the late released in the eastern UP, another third in the 1800s (Banko 1960). By 1933 there were NLP and the remainder in the southwestern LP. thought to be only 66 Trumpeters alive in North Many of the swans were hatched and reared America and thus nearly extinct (Banko 1960). from eggs collected in Alaska; many others Unknown and unrecorded remnant populations were donated by major zoos and private existed in Canada and Alaska (Mitchell 1994). aviculturists. From 1994 to 2005, 122 more were released in the western UP, northeastern Major conservation efforts have resulted in a LP, northwestern LP and southeastern LP by significant recovery of this species.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterfowl in Iowa, Overview
    STATE OF IOWA 1977 WATERFOWL IN IOWA By JACK W MUSGROVE Director DIVISION OF MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES STATE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT and MARY R MUSGROVE Illustrated by MAYNARD F REECE Printed for STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION DES MOINES, IOWA Copyright 1943 Copyright 1947 Copyright 1953 Copyright 1961 Copyright 1977 Published by the STATE OF IOWA Des Moines Fifth Edition FOREWORD Since the origin of man the migratory flight of waterfowl has fired his imagination. Undoubtedly the hungry caveman, as he watched wave after wave of ducks and geese pass overhead, felt a thrill, and his dull brain questioned, “Whither and why?” The same age - old attraction each spring and fall turns thousands of faces skyward when flocks of Canada geese fly over. In historic times Iowa was the nesting ground of countless flocks of ducks, geese, and swans. Much of the marshland that was their home has been tiled and has disappeared under the corn planter. However, this state is still the summer home of many species, and restoration of various areas is annually increasing the number. Iowa is more important as a cafeteria for the ducks on their semiannual flights than as a nesting ground, and multitudes of them stop in this state to feed and grow fat on waste grain. The interest in waterfowl may be observed each spring during the blue and snow goose flight along the Missouri River, where thousands of spectators gather to watch the flight. There are many bird study clubs in the state with large memberships, as well as hundreds of unaffiliated ornithologists who spend much of their leisure time observing birds.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    Conservation Assessment For Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region December 18, 2002 Darci K. Southwell 2727 N. Lincoln Rd Escanaba, MI 49829 (906) 786-4062 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service - Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................... 4 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY .................................................. 5 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES .................................................................... 5 LIFE HISTORY...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Ecology of Petrels
    M o le c u la r e c o lo g y o f p e tr e ls (P te r o d r o m a sp p .) fr o m th e In d ia n O c e a n a n d N E A tla n tic , a n d im p lic a tio n s fo r th e ir c o n se r v a tio n m a n a g e m e n t. R u th M a rg a re t B ro w n A th e sis p re se n te d fo r th e d e g re e o f D o c to r o f P h ilo so p h y . S c h o o l o f B io lo g ic a l a n d C h e m ic a l S c ie n c e s, Q u e e n M a ry , U n iv e rsity o f L o n d o n . a n d In stitu te o f Z o o lo g y , Z o o lo g ic a l S o c ie ty o f L o n d o n . A u g u st 2 0 0 8 Statement of Originality I certify that this thesis, and the research to which it refers, are the product of my own work, and that any ideas or quotations from the work of other people, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices of the discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Behaviour of the Musk Duck by Roy P
    July J COOPER, Musk Duck 53 1971 Unusual Behaviour of the Musk Duck by Roy P. Cooper, Melbourne The Musk Duck, Biziura lobata, is seen usually as a low silhouette, floating motionless on the surface of the water, far from the shore. Seldom will they be observed close to the edge of a lake or swamp, as they immediately dive, and swim very fast underwater, at the approach of man. The bird swims so low in the water that it can dive without any noticeable disturbance of the surface, and the observer is usually unaware of the proximity of the duck until it emerges some distance out on the lake. Most members of the Anatidae, the family which contains the ducks, geese and swans, become tame when they are unmolested and fed by man. T his particularly applies to many, but not all , of the European countries, especially E ngland and Spain, where the rivers, lakes and ponds are used each year as stop-over places for the migrating waterbirds. In addition to protection, the birds are fed, if not by the local authorities, then by the public. Two years ago, in Tokyo, Japan, the migrating ducks, returning to their breeding grounds in northern Asia, were caught in an exceptionally late snowfall. T he lakes had partly frozen and the birds could not continue northward until the weather became warmer. Much food had been put out and the birds were very tame, and were easily photographed. In A ustralia. when the same conditions and protection are granted, we find the same reactions from the ducks.
    [Show full text]