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WINTER 1979 news Vol. 24 No.1 The Humane Society News is published quarterly by The Humane Society of the United States, with headquarters at 2100 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037. Tele­ phone: (202) 452-1100 Humane Livestock Handling OFFICERS Chairman of the Board ...... Coleman Burke Vice Chairman ...... Robert F. Welborn by Temple Grandin President ...... John A. Hoyt Vice President/ Administration ...... Patrick B. Parkes Vice President/Treasurer ...... Paul G. Irwin The livestock indus try loses a major cause of cattle becoming Vice President/General Counsel ...... $46,000,000 every year due to bruised because they get riled up, ...... AfurdaughStuarthfadden bruises on the animals, according ram fences, and get trampled on. In this poorly designed chute, open This dipping vat leadup chute designed by Grandin has high, solid sides and Vice President/Program ..... Patricia Forkan to the Livestock Conservation In­ The human factor in this cannot be bar sides allow the cattle to see out­ flowing curves. The handlers work along the inside radius of the curves. The Secretary ...... Dr. Amy Freeman Lee stitute. This is one indication of the overlooked, but better equipment side distractions. Also, some cattle cattle will move easily through the curved chutes because it is the animal's may refuse to walk on the grid pat­ natural instinct to circle around the handler. Note also the long, narrow DIRECTORS amount of injuries suffered by cat­ which encourages the animals to tle, sheep, and pigs in stockyards move along instead of causing them tern shadow cast on the ground by holding pens at the top of the picture, designed to give more fenceline space Rosemary Benning ...... Pebble Beach, Calif. the sidebars. for the animals. Amanda Blake ...... Phoenix, Ariz. and meat packing plants, and dur­ to balk will reduce the need to use Samuel A. Bowman ...... New York, N.Y. ing transportation to the plants. prods. Coleman Burke ...... Short Hills, N.J. Aside from injuries, the animals Well designed equipment will DonaldS. Dawson ...... Bethesda, Md. can also suffer an enormous amount help reduce stress on the animals Dr. John Doyle ...... Louisville, Ky. of stress from overcrowding and because they will move more easily through the facility with a mini­ Irene Evans ...... Washington, D.C. abusive handling. Cow Psychology Anna Fesmire ...... Greensboro, N.C. Poorly designed facilities and mum of excitement. When the ani­ The effect is so strong that the high­ Experience has shown that curved Harold H. Gardiner .... Salt Lake City, Utah stockyards which do not take into mals move easily without balking, Cattle, sheep, and hogs have wide way departments in Colorado and chutes are more efficient than Robert W. Gilmore ...... New York, N.Y. account the physical and psycholog­ they are less likely to be abused by angle vision. Cattle and sheep have Oregon merely paint the lines straight chutes. Cattle will follow a Dodie Hawn ...... Corpus Christi, Texas ical characteristics of the animals impatient handlers. Knowledge of a 360° visual field. Cattle and other across the highway instead ofbuild­ curved path more readily than a Dr. Amy Freeman Lee ... San Antonio, Texas can cause stress and injuries. When livestock behavior is essential in grazing animals such as deer are ing real cattle guards. Livestock straight one. The curved chute en­ Virginia Lynch ...... San Francisco, Calif. animals balk at moving through order to design equipment which equipped with wide angle vision so handling facilities should be de­ ables the animal to circle the han­ Brooks AfcCormick, Jr ...... Warrenville, Ill. the chutes or up the ramps leading will reduce stress. Natural live­ they can see a predator coming signed to eliminate areas of sharp dler in a natural manner. In a Dr. RobertR. Afarshak .....Philadelphia, Pa. to slaughter, handlers may use elec­ stock behaviors can be utilized to while they have their heads down contrasts in light. The lighting curved chute with high, solid sides, John W. Afettler,III ... : . .... New York, N.Y. tric prods to force them to move. The facilitate the flow of animals grazing. In fact, a cow can see be­ should be even and diffuse, and an­ the animal will only be able to see 0. J. Ramsey ...... Sacramento, Calif. overzealous use of electric prods is through a chute or alley. hind herself without turning her imal areas should be painted one the animal in front of it disappear­ Jacques V. Sichel ...... Union, N.J. head. solid, uniform color. ing around the bend. The elimina­ Everett Smith, Jr ...... Greenwich, Conn. This is why a cow can be easily Most livestock have a strong fol­ tion of distractions and the animal's Robert F. Welborn ...... Denver, Colo. spooked by a moving object. Live­ lowing instinct. In order to take ad­ follow-the-leader instinct will help K. William Wiseman ... Greens Farms, Conn. stock handling facilities such as the vantage ofthis, the animals should move it through the lane without single file chute, which leads to the always be able to see other animals harassment from the handlers. EDITORIAL STAFF stunning pen, should have high, in front of them. If several single Studies have also shown that the Carol Afoulton ...... Editor solid sides. Solid fences prevent the file chutes are placed side by side, shape of a livestock holding pen at Lisa Zurlo ...... Publications Assistant Temple Grandin, of Grandin Live­ stock Handling Systems in Tempe, animals from seeing people, cars, the fences in between the chutes a slaughter plimt may be just as Arizona, is a consultant and de­ and other moving objects outside should be constructed from bars. important as the number of square Charles F. Herrman III ...... signer of livestock facilities. She is the chute, which may frighten them This enables the animals in one feet allotted per animal. A long nar­ ...... Director of Communications currently preparing an in-depth re­ and cause them to balk. chute to see other animals in an ad­ row pen has more perimeter fence The Humane Society of the United States is a port on humane livestock handling With wide angle vision, cattle jacent chute. When an animal in relation to floor area than a non-profit charitable organization, supported for HSUS. She is also working with have very little ability to judge dis­ moves forward, the animals in the square pen. This provides each an­ HSUS and the Council for Livestock tances. This lack of depth percep­ entirely by contributions from individuals. All Protection to implement her design adjacent chute will follow. The two imal with more fenceline space. Ob­ contributions are tax-deductible. for a humane kosher slaughter re­ tion is one of the reasons a cow is outside chute fences should be solid servations indicate that livestock likely to refuse to cross a shadow. to block outside distractions such as The Humane Society of the United States straining system. prefer to lie along the fenceline be­ The cow's reluctance to cross areas shiny truck bumpers or blowing pa­ meets the standards of The National Informa­ cause it gives them a feeling of more of bright and dark contrast is one per, which might spook the ani­ space. The long narrow holding pen tion Bureau. of the reasons a cattle guard works. mals. may help reduce stress. Copyright 1979, The Humane Society of the United States, 2100 L St. N.W., Washington, D.C.20037. The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 1 and working the animals across the trainer system, where the animals servations indicated that a few very Equipment Improvements scale in the stockyards. The truck are conveyed in a continuous line, rough people inflict a high percent­ scale paid for itself in bruise reduc­ greatly reduced bruises and practi­ Kosher Chu.te There are certain instances where age of all the bruises. The worst Air Cylinder tion in six months. Bruised meat cally eliminated injuries to the em­ Push•.s Down. an improvement in equipment will cruelties are inflicted by people, and cannot be used for human consump­ ployees. The conveyor restrainer Ne'k Loc.k drastically reduce bruises and in­ it is impossible to build equipment tion. The scale also reduced labor system is one of the most humane juries. A trucking company was which will prevent a cruel person requirements. systems for restraining cattle or able to reduce bruises by modifying from being cruel. I have witnessed Changing and modifying chutes hogs for stunning. The conveyor the doors on the trucks used to haul people doing some really terrible which are used to restrain animals restrainer was completely paid for the cattle to the plant. When the things to animals, such as ramming for stunning can often greatly im­ within two years from the savings cattle exited from the trucks they a stick down a cow's throat. In these prove the humaneness of the oper­ of reduced bruises. would hit their hips on the door instances, the individual person ation and reduce bruises. This is es­ frame. This would result in a large should be severely punished, not pecially true in plants which use a bruise on the loin. The slaughter the company the person works for. plant owner had the trucker modify stunning pen where two cattle are Rough Handling placed in a single compartment. Fining a slaughter plant $2,000 is the doors so that they were wide at like giving you a $2.00 parking When one animal is stunned, the The number one cause of bruises the top and narrow at the bottom. ticket. A stiff fine to the individual This forced the cattle to walk other live animal will often step on is rough handling. The prevention it and cause bruises. This type of of bruises is mainly a matter of pre­ who was cruel would put an end to through the middle of the door and many of these acts. thus avoid striking the hip. pen is also very dangerous for the venting people from using rough, Another example of a modifica­ employees. Employees shackling abusive methods of handling. Good tion which prevented bruises was cattle from this stunning pen were equipment will help prevent the installation of a truck scale at suffering an average of two serious bruises, but equipment will not Kosher Slaughter a slaughter plant for weighing cat­ injuries, such as broken arms, per solve the problem. The bruise prob­ One of the most serious cruelty tle when they were still on the year. lem has tended to increase during problems in slaughter plants is the truck. This eliminated the extra Replacement of the double two the last five years. People are the pre-slaughter handling of large This large animal restraining chute was designed by Grandin for kosher handling and stress of unloading stunning pen with a conveyor res- cause of over 50% of all bruises. Ob- (over 1000 lb.) steers in kosher slaughter. It holds the animal for slaughter eliminating the need to shackle plants. Federal health laws require and hoist the animal while it is still conscious. that no animal fall in the blood of scious, then slaughter it. With large of finding a plant and installing a another animal after slaughter. Ko­ steers, this process results in great complete working system. Plants sher slaughter requires that an an­ pain. At one plant, the bellows of which slaughter kosher are reluc­ imal be conscious when slaugh­ the animals could be heard from the tant to spend money on equipment tered. To meet both requirements, front office. In some instances, the because the kosher market is so most U.S. kosher plants shackle the shackling chain can break the ani­ variable. A plant can be in the ko­ animal by a hind leg and hoist it off mal's leg. sher business one month and out of the ground while it is still con- The ASPCA pen used to restrain it the next. large steers for kosher slaughter in There are a few well established some plants is an improvement over kosher plants which could be good shackling and hoisting conscious candidates for either a large animal animals, but there have been some or a small animal system. problems with it. It is a complex Better, more humane equipment piece of equipment and requires a would also help reduce employee in­ very skilled operator to operate it juries. In one large kosher plant humanely. In the hands of a care­ which shackled and hoisted, the less operator, it can apply excessive employees had to wear football hel­ pressure to the backbone and neck mets to avoid being kicked by ter­ and cause more carcass damage and rified cattle. broken legs than shackling and Humane livestock handling is hoisting. both morally and economically sen­ Better restraining equipment is sible. Facilities designed with the needed. I have been working on de­ animal's needs and characteristics signing better equipment for large in mind can help eliminate stress cattle. The University of Connecti­ and injuries. It is most important cut has developed a prototype re­ that the people who handle the an­ strainer for kosher slaughter of imals and, run the equipment have sheep and calves. Cincinnati Butch­ a respectful attitude toward the ers Supply Company has also livestock. Str.ong enforcement of The narrow bottom and wide top of A bruise on the hip that had to be worked on this. These projects were current laws;on,humane slaughter this truck door prevents injuries by cut out of this carcass meant a $20 funded by the Council for Livestock will be anotherfactor in improving forcing cattle to walk .through the loss for the packer, proof of the fact Protection, of which The HSUS is a livestock handling~ Animals do not middle of the doorway, so they will The conveyor restrainer system, as shown above, is one of the most humane there are economic as well as moral member. have to suffer before slaughter, and not hit their hips on•the edge of the systems for restraining cattle or hogs for stunning. It reduces the number reasons for handling livestock hu­ Good equipment concepts are every effort should; be made to pre­ door. of bruises on the animals and protects employees from injury. manely. available. It is now mainly a matter vent any crueltyJ fu the process. •

2 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 3 NEW ACCREDITATIONS ANNOUNCED The Pet Overpopulation Problem Can be Solved!

Ending the cruelty and suffering surgery and forwarding the records resulting from the pet population to the central file. The provincial explosion has been a major focus of municipal statutes are being The HSUS since its beginning. amended to permit regulating au­ Year after year, millions of un­ thorities to enact ordinances re­ wanted pets are euthanized. In ad­ quiring that impounded dogs be tat­ dition, millions of strays die of dis­ tooed prior to release to the claim­ From the left, Anna Fesmire, The cat exercise area at the Hu­ ease or injury. ing owners. booked since it opened in 1976. It Chairman of HSUS' Accreditations mane Society of Smith County's shelter is large, clean, and sunny. According to Phyllis Wright, With Operation Tattoo, there has was financially viable after two Committee, with Terri Luter and HSUS Director of Animal Shelter­ been a significant increase in the months of operation. Margaret Sarna of ARK Humane ing and Control, "This is a people percentage of dogs reclaimed from The Vancouver Branch recently Education Services. At the Humane Society of St. Jo­ The Humane Society problem. Responsible owners who the shelters. In one district, the pro­ issued a summary of animal control seph County, every opportunity is of Smith County leash, license, and neuter their pets portion of animals claimed in­ statistics for 1976 and 1977. The ARK Humane used to educate visitors. One of the best assets a humane will be the solution to the pet over­ creased from 32% to 76% for the summary compares statistics from Education Services society can have is an active, aware population problem. It's the job first quarter of 1978. The result has the eight municipalities participat­ ARK Humane Education Service Board of Directors. The Humane of animal control agencies and hu­ been an increase in revenue from ing in the low cost spay/neuter ofWarren, Michigan, is the first un­ Society of Smith County, in Tyler, mane societies to help create such impounded dogs to support the an­ clinic with those of two municipal­ sheltered society accredited by Texas, has such a board. Members owners." imal control facilities, and a de­ ities which do not participate. The HSUS. ARK devotes all its re­ The Humane Society of the board can often be seen Some communities with aggres­ crease in the numbers of animals summary makes the following ob­ sources to preventing cruelty to an­ of St. Joseph County around the shelter, and frequently sive animal control programs have euthanized because more owners servations: imals through humane education. Training is a large part of the se­ participate in special events and seen a decrease in the numbers of and animals are now reunited. • Impoundments of non-partici­ In the words of its membership bro­ cret of success at the Humane So­ fund raising activities of the soci­ dogs and cats that must be im­ pating municipalities showed an in­ chure, "The organizers of ARK saw ciety of St. Joseph County in Mis­ ety. One result of having a board pounded and destroyed. One of the crease of 41% (partly because one that really cares what happens at best documented is that of the Van­ of the municipalities employed ad­ many humane societies, all dealing hawaka, Indiana. The training be­ SPAY/NEUTER CLINIC with the result of the surplus pet gins with a 45 page manual for the the shelter is having excellent care couver Regional Branch ofthe Brit­ ditional staff) while participating problem. Very little emphasis was staff that covers job descriptions, for the animals sheltered there. ish Columbia SPCA in Canada. Un­ Vancouver's low cost spay/neuter municipalities showed a decrease of placed on reaching the public on a policies and procedures to be fol­ The Smith County Humane So­ der the direction of C. Jack Holmes, clinic was built with one-time impoundments of9%. wide-range scale." To fill this gap, lowed in dealing with the public ciety also does an excellent job of The Vancouver Branch has devel­ grants from eight participating mu­ • Non-participating municipali­ ARK was formed. and the animals. It continues with educating the public in animal care oped a two-part program to induce nicipalities and donations from con­ ties had 39% of impounded dogs re­ ARK reaches the public through monthly staff training sessions held and animal welfare problems. and help pet owners to be more re­ cerned citizens and groups. claimed, while participating mu­ literature, film, and personal ap­ by Executive Director Phil Snyder. Throughout the shelter there are sponsible. All dogs and cats adopted from nicipalities showed an average of displays describing and illustrating the shelters must be neutered. The 58% of impounded dogs reclaimed. pearances in schools, shopping cen­ The result is a conscientious and OPERATION TATTOO ters, libraries, churches, and other skilled staff giving the best of care these problems, telling individuals services of the clinic are also avail­ • The number of surplus animals public places. Newspapers in the to the animals that come through what they can do to help solve them. The Vancouver Branch operates able to citizens of the participating euthanized increased by 37% in the area regularly receive from ARK the shelter. Classes of school children can take seven shelters, and is directly or in­ municipalities at costs ranging non-participating municipalities, press releases on such topics as dog In a letter to the St. Joseph soci­ scheduled tours of the facility, directly concerned with animal con­ from $12.50 for a cat neuter to while decreasing by 27% in t.he par­ licensing, surplus pets, heartworm, ety announcing their accreditation, learning a great deal about cruelty trol in seven other municipalities. $25.00 for spaying a dog, which in­ ticipating municipalities. and traveling with pets. In addi­ HSUS President John Hoyt said "In and kindness to animals. Operation Tattoo was instituted be­ cludes all inoculations. These statistics clearly show that tion, ARK distributes public service every category of our program re­ Under Executive Director Mickey cause statistics showed that 72% of A license fee differential of $5.00 a comprehensive animal control messages to television and radio quirements for accreditation, your Dorey, the shelter staff handles all the dogs entering Vancouver's ju­ for neutered dogs, and $25.00 for program can have a definite impact stations in the Detroit area. society has received exceptionally the animals picked up by animal risdiction had no form of identifi­ unneutered dogs serves as a com­ in reducing the suffering created by In all, during 1977-78, ARK dis­ high marks." control in Smith County. The shel­ cation. pelling incentive for owners to have pet overpopulation. Legislation, ed­ tributed almost 9000 pieces of lit­ Two years ago, the St. Joseph ter itself is well designed and well A policy decision was made in their pets neutered. ucation, and sterilization are the erature, reached over 20,000 people shelter was far from being the well­ maintained to furnish clean, com­ 197 4 that all dogs adopted from the The Vancouver Branch discov­ keys to the creation of a community through film showings and personal run facility it is today. A series of fortable quarters for the animals. Branch's shelters must be tattooed. ered the public responds more read­ of responsible pet owners. appearances, and reached many, newspaper articles written by Gayle In all aspects of this operation, Other citizens can have their dogs ily to tl?-e advantages of neutered HSUS believes that the pet pop­ many more through newspaper, ra­ Zubler, a local reporter, prompted the Humane Society of Smith tattooed at the shelters for a fee of pets than to the abstract problem of ulation problem can be solved by dio, and television. action. The society's staff and man­ County is an excellent example of $3.00. A record of the tattooed num­ pet overpopulation. With this in each community initiating a com­ The initials of ARK stand for Ac­ agement are to be congratulated for what The HSUS Accreditation ber and owner's identification is mind, the clinic emphasizes the prehensive animal control plan in­ tion, Respect, and Kindness for an­ showing what great strides can be program is all about-people doing kept in a central file. Some Vancou­ benefits of healthier, more affec­ cluding spay/neuter programs and imals. This all-volunteer organiza­ taken in a short time when people the best job possible for the animals ver veterinarians are cooperating tionate pets, with less urge to roam other measures designed to encour­ tion truly lives up to its name. really care. and their community. by tattooing dogs during elective and fight. The clinic has been fully age pet owner responsibility. •

4 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 5 letters TUNA BOYCOTT TO CONTINUE

In the Summer issue of The "I think the tuna boycott should save more porpoise. Ifthe U.S. tuna HSUS News, members were asked be discontinued because it has industry were to fail, foreign ships to give their opinions on continuing served its purpose. The tuna indus­ would probably increase their tuna the tuna boycott in light of progress try has finally realized the serious­ fishing capabilities to take up the made by the tuna industry to save ness of an animal's life, and the hu­ slack. Since foreign ships are gen­ ''Smiley'' Dog Poisoning our neighborhoods. porpoises. Of the 512 responses re­ manitarian's seriousness to protect erally less regulated and perhaps The sight of an animal dying of ceived, 306 of you wished to con­ that. The job is not complete, less motivated to save porpoise, any poison is not pleasant; yet children I want to thank you for putting A reprint of the enclosed guest tinue the boycott, while 206 felt it though, until not one life is wasted, increase in their activities could see it every day, and I have known the article about our very special editorial in your magazine would be was time to discontinue it. and! think the tuna industry should mean an increase in porpoise killed. cases in which children have been dog, "Smiley", in the Fall issue of greatly appreciated. Interested par­ While the total number of re­ also realize we haven't forgotten Some respondents suggested a severely traumatized by watching the News. This was a very impor­ ties should write their letters of pro­ sponses was low, the trend toward about them." boycott on foreign tuna only. Unfor­ such cruelty. tant case, both to our Society and test to: Lio. Rodrigo Carazo, Presi­ continuing the boycott was very tunately, it is impossible to distin­ Adults are also deeply affected. "Discontinue-with the under­ as an example to other humane or­ dente, Republica De Costa Rica, definite. Most of those who voted to standing that the boycott will be guish between tuna caught by for­ In Heredia an old woman's two ganizations. I am happy to report to Casa Presidencial, San Jose, Costa continue even underlined their re­ eign ships and that from U.S. ships. dogs, her faithful guardians and ex­ reinstituted if the industry does not you that since sending you the in­ Rica. Your cooperation in this re­ ply to make it more emphatic. Many Canning companies buy from all cellent companions, were poisoned. formation on "Smiley", he has been spect would be of tremendous help added comments such as the follow­ sources and the tuna gets mixed to­ She suffered such an emotional placed in an excellent home. His to put an end to this massacre. ing: gether. In addition, by law since shock that she had to be interned new owner calls us every now and "I don't feel that any porpoise January, 1978, no foreign tuna has in the Psychiatric Hospital, where then to update us on how he is Dr. Gonzalo Vargas Aguilar should be killed just because they been allowed into the U.S. except she remains today. doing. He loves his new home and President swim over tuna. Until someone from ships which have adopted U.S. On the most recent "killing day," his people, of course, really love National Animal Protection comes up with a better way of cap­ porpoise gear and rescue tech­ I arrived home in the afternoon to him. Thank goodness for this happy Association turing tuna, I think the boycott mques. find the neighbor children weeping ending. It is exactly the kind of Costa Rica should remain in force." The tuna industry does deserve over the death of their dog, who had thing that makes all of our work "I feel that discontinuing the boy­ congratulations for its recent ef­ been on his master's property; the worthwhile. And, thank you for let­ cott at this point would be prema­ forts toward saving porpoise, and Ed. Note: As requested by Dr. children were alone, and when they ting your readers know about "Smi­ ture. While the tuna industry seems its success in significantly lowering Aguilar, the following is an ex­ begged the poisoners to spare their ley". to be cooperating in efforts to save the number of porpoise killed to cerpt from a guest editorial in pet, they were told: "Get out of the the porpoise, the legal quotas of 13,500 as of November, 1978, as The Tico Times, from San Jose, way, or we'll poison you, too." Jennifer Hill 31,150 or more a year are still far compared to 26,000 last year and Costa Rica. Our country has reached a cul­ Public Information Officer too high." 112,000 in 1976. tural level that requires, through Peninsula Humane Society "If the boycott is lifted, the tuna However, the industry is becom­ government support and the coop­ industry will think we are giving up ing less efficient and the number of Once again, the Ministry of eration of all citizens who love ani­ and they will slow their efforts, or porpoise being killed per ton of tuna Health has ordered the poisoning of mals, construction of a shelter for maybe quit cooperating altogether. fish caught has risen toward the end dogs. sick, abandoned, and lost animals. Keep the pressure on." of this year. No one is sure why this Despite the fact that the Minis­ A massive spaying campaign would Dog Racing "Even if the boycott were 'offi­ has happened. In addition, the data try's poisoners receive strict orders help enormously, taking the place cially' off, I (and probably many oth­ is not yet available from the special to poison only strays on the street, of this bloody and unnecessary poi­ I feel HSUS would be most inter­ ers) would not want to buy a product one year, million dollar research some become overzealous and throw soning. I would like to emphasize ested to know that in the County of that kills dolphins or harasses them cruise being conducted by the tuna poison into private yards, as hap­ that animals do not suffer from this Muskegon, we had Proposal S on in the chase." industry, so we are unsure if any pened recently to a dog owner operation, as long as it is done by a our November 7 ballot, which was "No more of these intelligent, breakthrough has been made which whose pet had been brought from professional. the Dog Racing Proposal. This Pro­ helpful, inoffensive creatures should continue its efforts to further reduce will reduce porpoise mortality even the United States and wore a vac­ The National Animal Protection posal was defeated with the help of be murdered horribly in the tuna porpoise kill." further. cination tag on its collar. Association is ready to channel all the many articles we collected from nets." "If they (the tuna industry) are Therefore, The Humane Society I know several Ministry of Health its efforts toward the construction our HSUS magazines, which we Even among those who voted to going to make an effort to save the of the United States will continue inspectors who carry out this task. of a shelter, which would fill a great used for free editorials in our paper, discontinue the boycott, many in­ dolphin, we should back them up to call for a boycott of tuna products The only way they can conceive of need in our community and would free talks on our local radio sta­ cluded provisos which showed they and give them our support and call through 1979. During that time, eliminating strays from the streets place our country on a par with the tions, lots of phone calls, and a spot are not really satisfied with the cur­ off the boycott. If things slide back HSUS will continue to monitor is by poisoning them. most cultured nations in the world. on a T.V. station. to the way they were and the dolphin As inspector for the National An­ rent level of porpoise kill, although closely the tuna industry's perfor­ We hope this is finished now and it is considerably reduced from pre­ kill goes higher again, I'm ready to mance-measured by total porpoise imal Protection Association, I Hilda Isabel Duran Umana will never be brought up in our vious years. A recurrent theme was go on another boycott no matter how kill, and its good faith-measured County again or in the state of cannot agree with this method, be­ Inspector that the tuna industry should con­ many years it takes." by its efforts to develop techniques Michigan. Our thanks to HSUS and cause it results in a whole series of National Animal Protection community health problems. The Association tinue to be monitored, and the boy­ Many of the votes to discontinue that will save all porpoise from to our County residents who see were influenced by the paradox that poisoned animals are left to decom­ cott reinstated if efforts to reduce death or harassment by tuna boats. dog-racing as it really is. a healthy U.S. tuna industry is our pose on public roads. In the end, we porpoise kill slackened. We want to be sure the lower por­ The following comments reflect best hope for the development of hu­ poise kill is a trend, and not just a Eleanor Kibbey citizens have to bury the animals, this concern: mane fishing techniques that will one-time event. • Muskegon, Michigan to avoid an outbreak of disease in

The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 7 6 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 HSUS Aids Gorilla Protection Effort

Digit and Uncle Bert died while trying to protect their fam­ ilies. Digit and Uncle Bert were two members of a group of free-ranging ~ mountain gorillas being studied by g researcher Dian Fossey, a remark- :E able woman who has devoted her g. 0, life to the study and protection of il gorillas in the Pare des Volcans of ~ Rwanda and Pare des Virungas of 6 ~ Zaire in Africa. z In the past year, poachers have Y brutally killed and mutilated sev­ Fossey formed a close relationship with Digit over ten years of contact. She eral of these gorillas. Digit was describes one scene: "Digit examining first my pen, then my notebook before speared to death, and his head and carefully returning each to me and rolling over to go to sleep by my side. hands cut off, apparently to be sold That was the nature of Digit-gentle, inquisitive, and trusting." to collectors. Fossey reports that an African dealing in animal goods was offering $20.00 for the head and and to make a future for them-per­ ited donations of camping equip­ hands of a silverback gorilla. haps especially for Mwelu, Digit's ment on behalf of Fossey. North Relief Sought for Animal Actors Uncle Bert and a female, Macho, offspring, born after his death. Face, Trailwise, Coleman, and were shot and killed, and Macho's HSUS is supporting Fossey's Nippe Nose, manufacturers and Fame may be fun for the people Not all abuses covered in the code The canine actor playing the part infant injured, by poachers who efforts to end these brutal and distributors of outdoor equipment, who star in movies, but animal ac­ are obvious. The use of anesthetics was taught to stumble and act may have been trying to capture the senseless killings with a grant to have tentatively agreed to donate tors seldom benefit from their time to make animals appear uncon­ sleepy, but it was impossible to infant for a zoo. Uncle Bert was de­ help buy equipment and supplies tents, clothing, cooking equipment, in the limelight. scious on film carries a subtle risk. teach it to remain completely limp capitated, but one of Fossey's stu­ the patrols need to continue their and other supplies for Fossey's pa­ Animals in films have been shot, Any time an animal is anesthe­ to simulate unconsciousness while dent assistants frightened the work. In addition, HSUS has so1ic- trols. • burned, ridden over cliffs, and made tized, there is a danger that the being carried. poachers away before they could re­ to fight to the death with other an­ drug will kill it. Instead of anesthetizing the dog, move his hands or decapitate imals, all to achieve the special ef­ It is not necessary to take this a stuffed model with fake fur was Macho. The infant later died of its fect the director called for. risk to make a movie. By spending made and used for the filming. wounds. HSUS Wildlife Director Sue more money, an animal model can Thus, the effect was achieved, and When Digit and Uncle Bert were Pressman has investigated how an­ be made that is so lifelike the the real animal protected. killed, they were in each case trying imals are used, and often abused, viewer can't tell it from the real Another not-so-obvious problem to move their group to safety, away in the entertainment industry. thing. is the treatment animals receive at from the attacking poachers. Ac­ Pressman found "It is up to the an­ An example ofthis can be seen in home when not involved in a pro­ cording to trail evidence, Uncle imal trainer to protect his animals the movie "The Wiz." At one point duction. "At home" for many per­ Bert was killed when Macho was from stress or injury. Unfortu­ in the film, a little dog runs into a forming dogs and cats means over­ shot by pursuing poachers and he nately, too many trainers go along field of poppies, becomes very crowded, unsanitary cages. Wild hurried back from leading the with whatever the movie maker sleepy, then loses consciousness. animals with special space or nu­ group to safety to try to rescue her. wants, figuring if he doesn't do it, tritional needs often suffer from a Fossey has organized her student someone else will." lack of both. Some trainers have a assistants into poacher patrols to Pressman wrote the Animal high mortality rate among their an­ try to protect the remaining gorillas Trainer's Code printed above in an imals because they don't furnish and track down the poachers. With effort to outline standards of hu­ veterinary care. This neglect is usu­ the help of police inspectors and mane care for animal performers. ally the result of trying to maximize military commandoes, several of Aside from the minimum standards profits by minimizing animal care the poachers have been appre­ of the Animal Welfare Act, this is expenses. hended, and at least two were given the first such code to be written. There are trainers who put their ten year prison sentences. Pressman will be meeting with a animal's needs first, and suffer no Fossey estimates that within the number of animal trainers this win­ loss of income for doing so. HSUS Virungas there are no more than ter, and will solicit their coopera­ This wolf is being harassed by the hopes the Animal Trainer's Code 230 gorillas left. She continues op­ tion in adopting this Code for their trainer so it will appear ferocious will encourage other trainers to erating patrols to protect these few own operations. for the camera. look to the welfare of their animals. mountain gorillas left in the wild

The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 9 8 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 Jackrabbit Roping Cancelled by Mark Vogler WOR GEST JACK RABBIT Mark Vogler, a reporter for The Midland Reporter-Telegram, cov­ ered the cancellation of the jackrabbit roping contest in Odessa, "'::> O~ESSA,TEXAS ::> .<:: .<::"' Texas for his paper. Here, he reports on the event for The HSUS News. :; :; a."' a."' Vogler has worked as an investigative reporter for several west Texas (jj (jj ::::> ::::> rn rn newspapers and has also written articles on the jackrabbit contro­ I I versy for the wire services. I I This jackrabbit statue is a landmark in Odessa, Texas. Next to the statue is a historical marker. On the other side of this marker is a recipe for jackrabbit.

On October 1, 1978, about ten shipments of jackrabbits from the the rope after looping it around the news reporters converged on the Midland-Odessa area to other states animal's rteck. Ector County Coliseum grounds in for use as live bait in greyhound The present day contest is a re­ Odessa, Texas, to watch officials of coursing. vival of a sport last held in 1932. the Permain Basin Fair and Expo­ Most reporters saw the fair offi­ That year, animal protectionists action with one ofthe rabbit sellers. The issue of cruelty remains a sition stage the annual World cials as trying to save face for what succeeded in urging the Ector with "Be Kind to Rabbits" printed Within a week after the program, Championship Jackrabbit Roping turned out to be an embarrassing County Sheriff to issue an injunc­ on the front. Several west Texas primary concern with The HSUS. the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Depart­ Fair officials denied that the roping Contest in defiance of legal threats episode for the fair. The officials tion to stop the rabbit roping. How­ cowboys cussed at me, and I drew ment in San Angelo launched a by The Humane Society of the knew a showdown with The HSUS ever, County Judge Henry E. Webb plenty of boos from the crowd as I contest constituted cruelty to ani­ United States. could become national news and at the time enabled the show to go walked over to the rabbits, gently probe into the business. Other fed­ mals, but The Humane Society in­ eral and state agencies have begun vestigators disagreed. "We view Most of the reporters were dis­ tarnish the image oftheir city. on when he decreed that "a jackrab­ picked one up and slipped my rope their own investigations into the this event as a clear violation of ar­ appointed. There was no confron­ Odessa touts itself as home of the bit is not an animal, but a rodent around it. tation, no field day for the media. jackrabbit. Business leaders of this or a pest." He issued a restraining Last year, the local humane so­ rabbit "industry." ticle 42.11 of the Texas Penal The contest was cancelled. thriving oil field city of100,000 plus order against the sheriff. ciety had protested the event, but Agents have cited possible viola­ Code," said Paulhus, "and will def­ tions of federal laws such as im­ HSUS investigators Marc Paul­ actually promote the community I saw the event in 1977, and found were unable to stop it. Fair officials initely take action for any animal proper transportation of unlicensed hus and Rich McCracken had ad­ through Chamber of Commerce lit­ that some contestants weren't con­ were pleased with the publicity cruelty acts if the rabbits are tor­ animals which may be carrying vised fair and county officials on the erature which tells tourists and tent to rope the rabbits. A few cow­ generated as radio stations from tured, abused, killed, or injured in communicable diseases, importa­ eve of the event that The Society newcomers to enjoy themselves in boys delighted in jerking the rab­ Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, anyway." tion ofjackrabbits into states where While the cancellation of this planned to file criminal complaints the land of "The World's Tallest bits in the air. One man stretched and other large cities across the under the state's anticruelty stat­ Jackrabbit." City fathers even a rabbit's neck in full view of young­ country took an interest in the un­ coursing is illegal, income tax eva­ year's event was viewed as a victory utes if the event took place as went so far as to erect a statue in sters. Another rabbit was trampled usual event once local members of sion and conspiracy to violate sev­ by the investigators, they realize eral federal and state laws. planned. the middle of town to pay tribute to to death by the hoof of a horse as the humane society tried to put a the roping co;ntest may be sched­ Although fair officials attributed the four-legged creature. one contestant tried to lasso a rab­ stop to it. While the Odessa Chamber of uled again next year. "I can assure the cancellation of the contest to Part of the folklore of the city is bit from the saddle. Recently, however, publicity be­ Commerce promotes the city with you the event will not happen their inability to find enough jack­ how grown men got their kicks rop­ The rabbits were still quivering came less welcome as the ABC tele­ its jackrabbit statue, the animal ap­ again," said McCracken, "If they rabbits, Paulhus said, "It seems to ing jackrabbits while traveling over an hour after the event. Some were vision series "20/20" focused atten­ pears to be in danger of being ex­ try to have it next year, we'll be me they could have rounded up the desert terrain in jeeps. Out of bleeding. Nobody seemed to care tion on the business of catching and ploited out of its existence in the back. We'll do everything in our enough rabbits ifthey really wanted this grew the annual fair's jackrab­ about the animal's welfare except shipping jackrabbits for use in grey­ area. During a previous HSUS in­ power to see that it is stopped." to go ahead with the event. They bit roping contest. A number of an eight-year old boy who felt sorry hound coursing. HSUS Chieflnves­ vestigation, it was learned that one Meanwhile, The HSUS will con­ could have even purchased the rab­ jackrabbits are released in a 40 by for the rabbits, even though he had tigator Frantz Dantzler went with airline serving Odessa shipped out tinue its efforts to protect the west bits from one ofthe local jackrabbit 40 foot fenced area, while entrants won the day's contest. Geraldo Rivera, the ABC reporter about 1000 rabbits in approxi­ Texas jackrabbits from capture and contractors." Paulhus was referring vie to lasso one in the shortest time. I had entered the contest myself, covering the story, to west Texas mately one month to several other shipment for use as live bait in to local merchants who send mass Contestants are supposed to release wearing a specially-made T-shirt where they filmed an actual trans- states. greyhound coursing. •

10 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 11 Animal Welfare Act, but that does needed in the care and use of ani­ not mean the facility meets HSUS' mals in all the zoos. But where the standards or justifications for keep­ money and interest to create a aroh und ing exotic animals in captivity. really good zoo does not exist, we A tenth zoo in Springfield, Mas­ want to help them go gracefully out t er;::;J sachusetts, has been the subject of of business." ANIMALS a joint improvement effort by Regions HSUS, the Massachusetts SPCA and Concerned Citizens for Ani­ OR mals Inc., a group based in Wilbra­ ham, Massachusetts. The Forest Park Zoo closed down PEOPLE? New England Zoos part of its facilities in September Under HSUS Scrutiny after HSUS and MSPCA cited vio­ "Does the public need this zoo, lations of the Massachusetts anti­ want this zoo, and can they raise cruelty laws in the elephant display the funds and interest to support and other areas. it?'' Inman and Captain Donald Lam­ This was a key question for New bert, Chief Officer of the MSPCA England Regional Director John In­ Law Enforcement Division, visited ;;; E man and HSUS Director of Wildlife the zoo again in October and wrote c: Cl"' Protection Sue Pressman as they to the Springfield Parks and Rec­ (jj ::::l en Those who care for animals are inspected nine New England zoos reation Department demanding I too often accused of loving animals last October. that Morganetta, the elephant, be I more than people. The unfairness The itinerary included several given winter quarters immediately. Everett Smith, Jr. of this charge is deeply felt but Connecticut zoos; R.W. Commer­ They also recommended closing the sometimes difficult to express. ford & Sons at Goshen, the Willing­ golden eagle and polar bear dis­ Lord Houghton of Sowerby, a ton Game Farm, the Children's Mu­ plays because "The displays teach HSUS Director Wins member of the British Parliament seum at West Hartford, Old nothing about the behavior or eco­ State Election and a long time champion of animal McDonald's Farm in Norwalk, the logical importance of either species. Everett Smith, Jr., a member of welfare issues, was recently faced Beardsley Park Zoo in Bridgeport, There is, therefore, no justification The HSUS Board of Directors, was with this charge. During a debate and the Moran Nature Center and for keeping these animals in captiv­ elected to the Connecticut General in the House of Lords on hare cours­ Zoo at New London. They also in­ ity." Assembly in November. ing, Lord Houghton disputed the spected the Science Museum Zoo in The city of Springfield agreed to Smith, a HSUS Director since charge. His expression of concern Worcester, Massachusetts, the make the changes for Morganetta, 1965, will represent the 149th As­ for allliving things speaks for many Roger Williams Park Zoo in Provi­ and will seek additional expert con­ sembly District in the state House of us. dence, Rhode Island, and the Wal­ sultation on changes in other parts of Representatives. The district in­ ter Stone Zoo, in Stoneham, Mas­ ofthe zoo. cludes Greenwich, where Smith sachusetts. Commenting on the New Eng­ resides. The pair were particularly con­ land zoos, Inman said "We hope to Smith holds two important posts cerned about the Beardsley Park effect the changes so desperately With your Lordships' permission, or my work. They are a different spe­ is cruel to animals likely to love chil­ on The HSUS Board: Chairman of I want to avail myself of the oppor­ cies each with their rights and dren all the more? Is that the prop­ Zoo. Pressman has visited that zoo the Program and Policy Committee six times since 1971. After the Oc­ tunity on this occasion to refute the claims upon the living world. It is osition, or is cruelty an evil streak and Chairman of the Finance Com­ tober inspection, she wrote to the mittee. He formerly ser.ved as vice­ suggestion which came my way in not a matter of priorities ... of in the nature ofsome humans which Mayor of Bridgeport commenting the course of the debate on the Child "either/or", it is a matter ofthe moral makes selfless love, whether for hu­ chairman and treasurer. "This letter is to register our dis­ Protection Bill Second Reading standards of human beings, and mans or animals, impossible? He has lived in the area he now appointment and concern for this stage last month: namely, that I those to me are all embracing and When Queen Victoria was urging represents for 31 years, and has zoo. It appears to have fallen below lengthy business and management probably care for animals more than all pervasive. They are all that jus­ Members of this House to support the 1971 inspection when it was I care for children. I am by no means tifies the continued existence of man­ the Cruelty to Animals Bill of 1876 experience. listed as one of the worst zoos in the His community activities include alone in this experience because one kind. I am not called upon to appor­ did any noble Lord suggest that Her country. The same problems that frequently hears this kind of re­ tion my deepest feelings between Majesty (who had nine children) 18 years as ari active leader with brought our condemnation seven mark. I am not going to quote what children and animals. I care about cared more for animals than for the local Boy Scouts and 10 years years ago still exist." Pressman rec­ was said or who said it; it is on the all living things-and for the weak children? If not, how many children as director ofthe Community Chest ommended hiring an experienced ~ of Greenwich. record. All I want to do for a moment and helpless most of all. does one have to have to be exempt E or two is to reply to it on my own Moreover, I have no obsessions; I from this imputation? How can one zoo director and new staff, and re- ~ Smith's concern for the welfare of 1il behalf and on behalf of many others am not a fanatic; I am not crazy. I disprove it? The more one analyses modeling the antiquated mammal his constituents goes hand-in-hand who suffer, if! may say so, from this reject the proposition that fondness this taunt, the more unfair it be­ house and anteater's winter quar- 1 with his concern for the welfare of ters. kind of insinuation. for animals implies some lack of comes. With great respect, I ask that The lion display at the Walter Stone animals. HSUS looks forward to a Inman notes that all nine ofthese I do not equate animals with chil­ concern for human beings. Do I have we should hear no more of it. Zoo in Stoneham, Mass., doesn't ed­ long association with him as he of­ zoos have been licensed and in­ fers his expertise in planning sound dren, nor do I make them alterna­ to prove a love of children by being Hansard (House of Lords Report) ucate the viewer, and bores both the spected by the USDA and do meet and successful animal protection tives in my affections, my concern, cruel to animals? Is the person who Monday, June 19, 1978 viewers and the lions by lack of va­ the minimum requirements of the riety in the environment. programs for the future.

12 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 13 Protests Bring iffs Department, assisted Dantzler Mrs. Carol Browning and Mrs. Tiffin, Ohio with a cruelty investi­ In Washington, Seattle humani­ in the seminar. Rosemary Benning who also serves gation which resulted in the first tarians won a referendum on their Changes at Corpus Persons interested in conducting on HSUS' Board of Directors, who conviction ever obtained by that so­ November ballot authorizing the Christi Pound similar law enforcement seminars have worked together to introduce ciety. The case involved a man who city to build a public low cost spay/ Protests from The HSUS and the in other cities, should contact Doug humane education to the public kept about 79 dogs on his property. neuter clinic. Although money had Coastal Bend Humane Society have Scott, director of the Gulf States school system in Utah. An integral Rowland reports that when she ac­ been raised privately for the clinic, caused Corpus Christi, Texas offi­ Regional office. part of their work was the prepa­ companied Humane Agent Steve the City Council refused to build it. cials to reconsider the method of eu­ On February 23-25, the Gulf ration of an appropriate curricu­ Tanner and Shelter Manager Scott HSUS personnel visited Seattle and thanasia used in the city pound. States office will host a workshop lum, which was distributed Rosenberg to the property, she saw met with officials to support Mayor The pound presently uses injections in San Antonio, Texas, on "Solving throughout the metropolitan school "emanciated dogs tied on short Royer's stand that the city of Seat­ of succostrin, a drug that kills by Animal Problems in Your Commu­ districts. They also made available chains to clothes dryers which had tle needed a new animal shelter as This van, from Jefferson Parish, LA, paralyzing the muscles until suffo­ nity." For information on the pro­ to teachers humane education ma­ served as dog houses for them. well as the spay/neuter clinic. was shown at the Montgomery cation occurs. gram and registration, call the Gulf terials from the National Associa­ Many dogs appeared to have symp­ Coming up in Nevada will be ef­ workshop. Citizens can get licenses, Regional Director Doug Scott and States office at 512-854-3142. tion for the Advancement of Hu­ toms of mange. Other dogs also ap­ forts to change the anti-cruelty educational material, and rabies Phyllis Wright, HSUS' Director of mane Education, a division of The peared to have symptoms of distem­ statutes. Nevada members inter­ shots from it. Animal Sheltering and Control, at­ HSUS. per." ested in helping on legislation tended a public meeting last May Cashen represented HSUS at a The owner was found guilty un­ should contact the West Coast Re­ at which the Corpus Christi Health Investigator Added to dinner given to recognize this der the Ohio anti-cruelty laws. He gional Office. Hosted by the Montgomery Hu­ Director and the Animal Advisory Rocky Mountain Staff achievement. Attending the dinner was fined, but the fine was dropped The National Association for the mane Society, the workshop dealt Board discussed the euthanasia The staff of the new Rocky Moun­ were representatives from the me­ when he agreed to dispose of all but Advancement of Humane Educa­ with wildlife rehabilitation, cruelty problem. They advised the officials tain Regional Office expanded re­ dia, local and state governments, ten of the dogs by finding homes for tion and HSUS will hold a seminar investigations, humane education, that studies on succostrin had cently with the addition of Philip the state Board of Education, and the adoptable ones and euthanizing on humane education in Seattle shelter management, public rela­ prompted the American Veterinary Steward as Field Investigator. school districts throughout the those that were very ill. during the last weekend in April. tions, and euthanasia. Medical Association to remove Steward came from the western state. Rowland has also been working Local humane society personnel their support of it for animal states originally, but for the past (Editors note: As of this writing, closely with the Toledo Humane So­ and teachers are all invited to at­ euthanasia. several years has been working out Donald Cashen has resigned the po­ ciety, which handles animal control tend. Details can be obtained from Sissi Sweeney, President of the of HSUS' headquarters office in sition of Director of the Rocky for the city. The society recently an­ HSUS/West Coast Regional Office, Midwest Director Coastal Bend Humane Society, has Washington, D.C., doing cruelty in­ Mountain Regional Office.) nounced that it will shortly discon­ 1713 J Street, Suite 4, Sacramento, continued to urge the city officials vestigations nationally. Before tinue use of its decompression CA, 95814. Checks Christmas to stop using this cruel method. As joining HSUS, Steward had worked chamber, and switch to sodium pen­ Pups At Airports a result of these efforts, it now ap­ in law enforcement and in animal Great Lakes Regional tobarbital as a euthanasia method. With the number of airports Ann pears that the pound will change to control in California. Gonnerman visited in the weeks be­ a carbon monoxide gas chamber for His new assignment will be to in­ Office Opens fore Christmas, you'd think she was all euthanasia. vestigate complaints of cruelty, For almost a year, Sandy Row­ a worldwide traveler. Not so! Two law enforcement seminars abuse, and neglect in the Rocky land has been HSUS' Great Lakes New Laws Help HSUS's Midwest Regional Director were recently conducted by HSUS Mountain states, and work with the Representative in Ohio, Michigan, California Animals went looking for trouble in the pet staff members in Nacogdoches and national investigations staff on cru­ Indiana, and Illinois on a part-time Several major pieces of legisla­ trade. Corpus Christi, Texas. elty cases in the other western basis. Her effectiveness in the job tion that the West Coast Regional Southeast Office Because her region is the "home" Frantz Dantzler, chief investiga­ states. increased the demands on her time. Office staff worked hard on became of many of our country's puppy tor for HSUS, led both seminars de­ Regional Director Donald Cashen Therefore, to serve these states bet­ law in California on January 1, Assisting Shelters and mills and pet brokers, Gonnerman signed to educate volunteer inves­ went to Salt Lake City inNovember ter, Rowland was named full time 1979. There is now a state law spec­ Societies has found that she needs to keep a tigators and public officials. to participate in Utah's celebration Director of the Great Lakes Re­ ifying that it is unlawful to kill or In the past few months the South­ constant eye on the way pets are Dantzler was assisted in Nacog­ of Humane Education Week. The gional Office, which opened Janu­ injure animals in the course of mak­ east Regional office has been ac­ shipped. Visits were made to the doches by Bernard Weller, former public proclamation of this special ary 1, 1979. The office is located at ing movies. Also passed was a law tively assisting local humane groups airports in Omaha, Kansas City, Gulf States ·Regional Field Repre­ week was the result of the efforts of The Fairwood Office Building, 725 banning private citizens from keep­ and municipal animal control agen­ Lincoln, and Wichita. sentative, and Howard Radford, Haskins Street, Bowling Green, ing any cat except house cats in the cies. Requests, mainly from Florida Gonnerman found that some manager of the Nacogdoches shel­ Ohio 43402, telephone 419-352- future. organizations, have been keeping USDA regulations were being ig­ ter. The event was sponsored by the 8543. Another law forces animal shel­ Director Donald Coburn and Inves­ nored. She found shipping crates Humane Society of Nacogdoches Rowland has been involved in ters that release animals for re­ tigator Bernard Weller busy in­ without the necessary arrows and County. Dr. E. L. Miller, long time several cruelty investigations in search to advise the person surren­ specting shelters and providing signs indicating "Live Cargo." She supporter of the Humane Society of the past few months. In Illinois, she dering the animal in writing that guidance. Among the many places found turned over water and food Nacogdoches and HSUS, arranged has looked into problems with it may be used for research. requesting help have been the Flor­ bowls in some crates. But happily the meeting for local law enforce­ puppy mills where large numbers Decompression chambers are now ida counties of Hillsboro, Citrus, she also found some cooperation ment officials and county commis­ of animals suffer from close confine­ banned in the state. Because of the Manatee, Leon, and Orange. In Or­ from pet brokers and pet shops. Sev­ sioners at the request of local ment in unsanitary facilities with law, the West Coast office has been ange County, a two-day workshop eral pet shops asked her to identify county officials. inadequate diet and veterinary called on continuously by city and in animal handling techniques was brokers who would not allow her to Mrs. Virginia Hufsmith of PAWS/ care. She is currently working with county officials for information held for animal control workers. visit their premises. One airline Gulf Coast Humane Society in Cor­ the Illinois State Prosecutor's office about using sodium pentobarbital. In the early part of November, even refused a shipment when she pus Christi, organized the seminar Carol Browning, left, and Donald to prompt legal action against such Although the bill allows nitrogen animal welfare and animal control requested it. in that city. Mike Westergren, Cashen, center, visit the Ogden Na­ establishments. and/or carbon monoxide with re­ workers from the southern states Gonnerman's vigilance may make Nueces County attorney and Ron­ ture Center during Humane Edu­ In one case, Rowland assisted the strictions, most cities and counties attended a HSUS sponsored work­ it a happier new year for some lucky nie Polston, Nueces County Sher- cation Week in Utah. Seneca County Humane Society in are adopting the injection method. shop in Montgomery, Alabama. pups.

14 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 15 ANIMAL RIGHTS

The Search for a l.egal Definition

For the first time, the 1978 HSUS Annual Conference featured a workshop on the rights of animals. The dis­ cussion, titled "Can Animal Rights Be Legally De­ fined?", was conducted by Mr. Robert Welborn, Vice Chairman of the Board of HSUS and a practicing attor­ ney in Denver, Colorado, and Murdaugh Stuart Mad­ den, General Counsel of HSUS. Their thoughts form a background for the resolution, "Animal Rights and Hu­ man Obligations," adopted by the membership at the Conference. Below are excerpts from the remarks of Mr. Welborn, and Mr. Madden.

Remarks by Mr. Welborn: Over 200 years ago Thomas Jefferson proclaimed the inalienable rights-life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap­ piness. These, he said, are the endowment of the Creator inherent rights, than it is not just bad for man's morals Creator with these inalienable rights, it does not mean our society to claim through a representative their own and represent a station to which men are entitled by to deny these rights, it is an offense against life itself. that no animal may be killed, that animals may roam position and station under the laws of Nature and Na­ the Laws of Nature and Nature's God. Did Jefferson Possessing inherent rights, animals have a status, or without restriction, and that animals may not be re­ ture's God. The recognition of animal rights can dispose contemplate that only man is or should be under the station as Jefferson called it, which is entitled to respect strained in gratifying their physical appetites. Nature of the rationale advanced by some superficial writers aegis ofthe Laws ofNature and Nature's God? Possibly by virtue of itself and quite apart from man. Finally, itself brings about limitations on these rights. One an­ that the only reason man should avoid cruelty to ani­ this question did not occur to him, but how ironical it as a practical legal matter, rights may be enforced in imal kills another by instinct; life feeds upon life; the mals is because the practice of cruelty is not good for would be ifN ature's creatures could not claim the rights behalf of the possessor if the possessor is not capable, liberty of one animal to roam freely is naturally limited man and that animals have no inherent dignity and no that are the endowment of creation. as in the case of a guardian in behalf of minor children. by its fear of other animals. inherent rights. Laws dealing with the protection of animals and pro­ These rights are not without restriction and limita­ Since man dominates this earth and all other living What greater inherent dignity than in the mother hibiting certain cruelties to them are premised to a tion, of course, even as applied to man. A man's life things, it may seem academic to distinguish between cow with her calf, the community of wolves, the colony large extent on the concept that cruelty to animals is may be called upon as in war; liberty is limited in many animal rights and human obligations. It may be said of ants building and rebuilding, the chimpanzee free in immoral rather than on the concept of inherent rights ways in the interest of others in the society; happiness that in either case the animal will receive only such the jungle, the bird guarding its nest, and the dog of animals. in the physical sense may not be pursued without in­ respect and humane treatment as man is willing to mourning its lost friend. It is an affront to the laws of There is a fundamental difference between an ap­ hibition. These concepts, therefore, are more profound give. This may be true in a limited sense, but the dec­ Nature and a sacrilege under Nature's God to say that proach to animal welfare in terms of the inherent rights than the outward manifestations. They mean an appro­ laration of animal rights standing by itself because it only one species of God's creation has inherent dignity of animals and an approach in terms of humane moral priate right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness reflects the fundamental truth will be an important and inherent rights. obligations. The difference is spiritual, philosophical, in relation to the rights of others. weapon in the spiritual, philosophical, and legal battle We need a declaration of independence for animals and practical. If animals by virtue of life itself do have Thus, if we say that animals are endowed by their that must be waged. It will give animals standing in confirming these inalienable rights of life, liberty, and

16 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 17 (Animal Rights continued) As far as protection goes, the Old Testament contains imal of another, there is an increasing number of stat­ trusteeship which they carry, have certain inalienable the pursuit of happiness in a reasonable degree; we a number of clear provisions for the protection of ani­ ues being passed that surely appear to be solely for the duties with respect to animals. need the laws delineating more specific rights that de­ mals-rest on the Sabbath for cattle as well as man, benefit of the animals themselves, i.e., the statutes pro­ An earlier recitation of the "obligation" theory was rive from such a declaration; and we need the method animals of unequal strength were not to be made to hibiting dogfighting and bullfighting, the ban on the set down many years ago by the distinguished Neth­ of protecting and enforcing such rights. The following work together, and the ox, when working, was not to export of live horses enroute to slaughter, etc. erlands Professor Hofstra when he served as President general statements of rights (as adopted with HSUS be deprived of his food. Of course, there are those who suggest that the only of the World Federation for the Protection of Animals. Resolution-see box) could be the basis for the delin­ But for this discussion it is more important to note legal right being recognized in the recent wild horse It was presented in the form ofaCharterofMan's Duties eation. that animals were widely prosecuted in courts in Europe and burro protective legislation is the human right to Toward Animals (see inside cover ofHSUS News, Sum­ The declaration and establishment of animal rights between the 13th and 17th centuries. When they caused have a pleasing and civilized environment free of so mer 1978), and I have drawn almost verbatim from its in detail and with force and effect is the only hope for injuries to humans or private property, they were sub­ much misuse and cruelty to animals. I, for one, disagree, preamble for the language which I feel will clearly es­ success in the achievement of animal welfare. Other­ jected in due form to trial, judgment, and sentencing, and feel that we are increasingly recognizing and artic­ tablish and restate the concept of man's duties and wise, we will continue just to treat the illness of cruelty often to death in a very cruel manner. This mode of ulating the, if you will, "legal rights" of animals. obligations vis-a-vis animal rights-! now propose that with bandages but without the cure which can only be punishment, pronounced by the Court, was death by The missing ingredient in the earlier discussion is it be grafted onto Mr. Welborn's four paragraphs of found in the assertion of rights to which all life is en­ burning, hanging, mutilation or maiming, and varied the role of man in all of this. I feel that this is man's Rights-and that the combined language be presented titled. We will continue to operate under laws which widely according to the offense committed. All of this problem; he created it-he continues it-and only man to this Conference for adoption as a Resolution of The say that men should not mistreat animals unless such may seem almost impossible to believe today, but it can solve it. It is man's sole obligation and duty to do HSUS entitled Animal Rights and Human Obliga­ is necessary, should not cause unnecessary pain and went further, and in many cases, elaborate, exacting so. tions. suffering, with the sanction for violating these laws pleadings or court papers were filed and counsel was My theorem is one of rights and obligations. We have being a slap on the wrist. Progress has been made appointed by the Court to defend the alleged wrongdoer so often heard that with rights go obligations. Yet here, through voluntary effort, through the awakening of sow, ox, or pack of rats. the equation is entirely different-entirely one-sided, sensitivities and consciences, but these are tenuous Where physically possible, the offending animal was if you will. threads on which to rely for building a sure and certain cited, summoned into court, jailed pending trial, tried, The animals surely do have rights-call them legal, foundation for animal welfare. and, as noted above, often executed. In my research, I inalienable, whatever you like. Proclaim them, pro­ If, however, animals through their representatives saw few or no cases of acquittals, but there are several nounce them, promulgate them, bestow them, grant ANIMAL RIGHTS AND HUMAN are enforcing their own rights, the approach to animal reported trials that reflect more lenient sentences them, or recognize them-again, whatever you like. OBLIGATIONS What are those rights? I think that it can be very simply welfare is different in the most fundamental kind when the animal was more docile during the judicial Members and constituents of The Humane Society rather than in degree. Not only is it the difference be­ proceedings. put as follows: of the United States, assembled in Annual Confer­ tween the status of the American colonists before and Accordingly, I now say, so much for the movement ence in Dearborn, Michigan, on this 14th day of Oc­ Animals have the legal right not to be abused and after the Revolution; more profoundly it is the differ­ to have animals treated exactly like humans before the tober, 1978, do hereby proclaim, by resolution, with mistreated by man. ence between the true nature of things under the laws law. reference to animal rights and human obligations, As far as obligations go, man has the legal obligation that animals possess certain inalienable and legally of Nature and Nature's God and the pathetic conceit of The next phase in history had animals treated like protectable rights, and mankind and his govern­ one species which ignores these Laws and that God in "property"-like cabbages and carriages. We tend to not to abuse animals. ments possess certain inalienable and enforceable its dominion over this earth. say "terrible, terrible," but I submit that there are That is it, in a nutshell. We then ask whether the obligations and duties with respect thereto, as Truly the belief in the understanding of, and the worse things under the law, and one of them is and was animal has any obligations that generally are equated follows: dedication of our efforts to the sanctity of all life is the to have animals treated as though they were not even with the rights. The answer is no; no more than an 1. Animals have the right to live and grow under only hope for any meaningful survival of any life on property. The property concept ties into a human's in­ infant child who also has only one basic legal right, i.e., conditions that are comfortable and reasonably natural; this earth. volvement, and it was long ago a crime to damage or the right not to be abused by adults, has any obligations. We then ask "Is this fair?" Of course it is, if you 2. Animals that are used by man in any way have injure· the property of another, or in the case of wildlife, the right to be free from abuse, pain and tor­ the property of the Crown. Therefore, being "property" review most of the reasons why animals need protection ment caused or permitted by man, other than Remarks by Mr. Madden of another gave a measure of protection to the animal­ today (or as I have used the term, to be free of abuse). pain necessarily resulting from treatment for I accept and adopt everything that our distinguished from cruelty and brutality by third persons. However, It is because they have been disrupted and dislocated the welfare of the animal; Vice Chairman, Bob Welborn, a prominent Denver at­ it did not protect the animal from the owner's own by man. For example, there is a clear right of a deer 3. Animals that are domesticated or whose natu­ torney by profession, has just set forth-except that I mistreatment and neglect, and, of course, if it were a not to be maimed by a hunter, but there exists no right ral environment is altered by man have the of a deer not to be ravaged in its natural state by a right to receive from man adequate food, shel­ want to add on and implant within it an element which stray or a varmint with no owner, anyone could mis­ ter, and care; wolf. Man's involvement has been almost entirely neg­ I feel is an integral part of any consideration of the treat it, starve it, or abandon it with impunity. This 4. Animals that are or should be under the control legal definition of animal rights. created a very serious problem historically within the· ative vis-a-vis animal life, and therefore, he today does and protection of man have the right to receive Before we get to that, perhaps a few historical obser­ animal welfare movement in the Anglo Saxon world, have a tremendous obligation to meet. such control and medical treatment as will pre­ vations are in order. Many of us have heard that ani­ because the so-called "non productive" dogs and cats To restate my proposition in a single sentence, clar­ vent propagation to an extent that causes over­ mals should be treated, insofar as legal rights are con­ were not treated like property as were horses, cows, ifying the interrelationship between the rights and ob­ population and suffering; and cerned, exactly like man. Do we really mean this? Do sheeps, swine, etc., and this left these pets out com­ ligations, I suggest that: "An animal has an inalienable THE HUMANE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED right to have man fully and in every respect live up to STATES RECOGNIZES FURTHER that it is a duty we really want animals to be thrust into the main­ pletely as far as protection and prohibited conduct to­ common to all mankind of whatever religion or phil­ stream of our legal and judicial process? A brief histor­ ward them was concerned. his obligations and duties toward that animal." osophical conceptions, of whatever people or culture, ical glance would suggest otherwise. In the Middle Ages Today there are literally thousands of animal related I am convinced that we must speak of rights and to protect animals against cruelty and avoidable pain animals were the subject of many laws and had both laws on the books-city, state, and national here and duties together, and I would urge this Conference to and to treat them well, to cultivate an attitude of legal rights and obligations. They were both pro­ throughout the world. While admittedly many of these adopt a Resolution stating that all animals have the compassion and of kindness towards them, and to inalienable and protected rights discussed above, and respect their dignity, their life, their liberty and their tected-and punished-in the same manner as human are really for man's benefit, i.e., the hunting laws, and own sphere of existence. beings. the ever-prevalent prohibition against injuring the an- that all people, because of the stewardship and the

18 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 19 Sensitivity-The Quality of Caring Animal Rights 8l. Human Ethics An excerpt from The President's Report given by John A. Hoyt at the 1978 Conference. A Review of the 1978 Annual Conference A final quality I wish to mention Hardly a one of us would object which is basic to an animal welfare to the progress made in the area of Humanitarians from around the troit, and to the TV station itselffor organization's effectiveness and vi­ scientific inquiry and research, es­ country gathered at the Regency its outstanding coverage of animal tality is that of sensitivity, or caring pecially in those areas where the Hyatt Hotel in Dearborn, Michigan issues. concern. It is, I believe, that quality objective and results are clearly in last October to attend the 1978 Two more Certificates of Appre- · which distinguishes between super­ the interest of human or animal HSUS Annual Conference. A full ciation were given to Charles ficiality and genuine leadership. welfare. But when such progress in­ schedule of general sessions, work­ Thompson and Geraldo Rivera of I am hopeful that every organi­ volves extensive and repeated cru­ shops, and special events kept con­ ABC-TV. Thompson produced and zation involved in animal welfare elty to animals, it is both appropri­ ferees busy learning and talking Rivera reported a segment of the work understands the importance ate and right to challenge the pro­ about animal issues during the news program "20/20" on the cruel­ of this dimension. I am proud that cess if not the objective itself. three-day conference. ties of greyhound coursing which The HSUS gives it a place of prom­ We do not object to biomedical re­ The highlight of the conference was partly responsible for the re­ inence. For unless we really care, search per se, and clearly under­ was the Annual Awards Banquet. cent banning of public coursing by and are genuinely sensitive to the stand the importance of protecting Richard Knowles Morris received the National Greyhound Associa­ Dr. Leon Weiss of the University of reality of pain and suffering being both humans and animals from the Joseph Wood Krutch Medal. His tion. Pennsylvania Veterinary School experienced by animals in so many dangerous drugs and other chemi­ addressed the Conference on the most recent service to animal wel­ For those who could not attend ways, we shall find it all too easy to cal products. But when millions role of the scientist as humanitar­ compromise our objectives and give upon millions of animals are used fare was co-editing, with Dr. the conference, we are reprinting on ian. Michael Fox, the book "On The the next few pages excerpts from in to the pressures of our adver­ in these processes annually, a high Fifth Day," a compilation of essays the President's Report given by saries. percentage of which are subjected on man's views of animals and an­ John A. Hoyt, and from Dr. Amy to pain and suffering, it is not at all imal rights. Freeman Lee's Keynote Address. • Akron University senior Elaine certain that the end justifies the Well-known author, naturalist, pho­ means. The price of progress is then Certificates of Appreciation were tographer, and radio-TV personal­ The full text of the resolutions Weil (center) received the KIND presented to Robert McBride, Gen­ ity Roger Caras served as Program passed at the annual membership Youth Recognition A ward for her too high. So what if we cure the eral Manager of WJBK-TV in De- Chairman for the Conference. meeting is given on pp. 24-26. many efforts to help animals and world's physical illnesses if we lose build public awareness of animal our soul, or moral and spiritual in­ problems in her college and her tegrity, in the process. This is not community. She is shown here with progress at all, but an illusion of Richard Knowles Morris­ REMEMBERING Great Lakes Regional Director the highest magnitude. We must Sandy Rowland and Dale Hylton, care, and care enough to challenge Joseph Wood Krutch Medalist She taught me all I dared to know Director of the Youth Division of and change even the most sacred HSUS. Of love for seen and unseen life and legitimate pursuits of science That wills to live amidst the strife when they involve fundamental And beauty of a winter's cold. wrongs. A master, she, of sights that told The same kind of challenge and Of melting snow-a movement bold confrontation must be directed to In frozen meadows, a whir of wing­ the agricultural industry. The preludes to the songs of spring Again, the emphasis of The And life renewing life tenfold. HSUS has been on reform rather than a rejection of the appropriate­ The years did pass, and she grew old ness of the industry itself. For the And died. And Christmas seems to hold utilization of animals for food will A little less of love to share most likely always be one of the With those who've learned to breathe the air major uses of animals, and it helps Of planet earth-for now she's gone. them not at all if we hide behind \VJ. So sing a requiem, you throng our moral blindness. HSUS President John Hoyt and Board Chairman Cole­ In silent woods, you strong For those who of conscience have man Burke applaud as Dr. Morris accepts the Krutch Of will. She heard your weakest call; chosen vegetarianism, I say bless Medal. She felt your pain; she joyed when all you. And for those of us who have Rang well in chorus from the hill. not, let us surely know that there Richard Knowles Morris was awarded the Joseph is much work to be done lest we be Wood Krutch Medal in recognition of a lifetime of I've seen her mend the hunter's kill guilty of the wrong of complicity. humanitarian service. He accepted the Medal in the And bring it back to life and will, t . But most important of all, let us name of his mother, the late Mae Norton Morris, and And from her own impassioned faith HSUS Certificates of Appreciation were presented to Robert McBride (left) care enough to cause the changes read a poem he wrote about her shortly after her death, I've seen arise a Christ-like wraith of WJBK- TV in Detroit for the station's favorable coverage of animal issues, that will free animals from the ex­ titled "Remembering." For future Christmases to fill. and to Charles Thompson (right) of ABC-TV for the special segment on tensive suffering they now experi­ greyhound coursing he produced for the program "20/20." ence.

20 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 21 There are many industries and An educated and, consequently, In his book, The Unexpected Uni­ businesses that utilize animals for The Star Throwers concerned citizen in order to fulfill verse, the late, eminent anthropol­ purposes not so clearly appropriate, his responsibility must put his be­ ogist, Loren Eiseley wrote: and some that are without question Excerpts from the Keynote Address given by liefs into action, and legislation of­ "From Darwin's tangled bank of ethically and morally wrong. Dr. Amy Freeman Lee at the 1978 Annual Conference. fers one practical, effective way. In unceasing struggle, selfishness, Through our staff investigators, preparation, one must study the and death, has arisen, incompre­ both nationally and regionally, The status quo thoroughly, evaluate it hensibly, the thrower who loved not HSUS is involved in extensive ef­ If I know anything at all about ciples to substantiate the fact. The objectively and summon the cour­ man, but life ... there is a hurler forts to challenge and confront both my own society, it's that we applaud former promulgated the absurd age to act on one's decision. To use of stars, and he walks, because he individuals and corporations. and honor that which is practical. concept that since all animate en­ the legislative process successfully, chooses, always in desolation, but We have and shall continue to op­ By practical, we mean anything tities other than Homo sapiens are one must contact his state and fed­ not in defeat." pose rodeos, animal coursing, hunt­ that makes a profit. In the main, mere machines, and, therefore, feel eral congressmen not only by letter This passage had special signifi­ ing for sport, roadside zoos, cock­ the game is motivated by self-inter­ no pain, we humans may do as we and phone but also by direct visits cance to me, because once after a fights and dog fighting, bullfight­ est and by immediate monetary like with them. Perhaps no idea in and make one's views known. In ad­ heavy storm, I found numerous ing-bloodless or otherwise, and gains. However, when you examine human history has encouraged dition, one should spread the word starfish washed up on the beach many other uses of animals which to what extent we have ravished the more cruelty and caused more suf­ in every possible way from back­ near my studio in Ogunquit, Maine. involve a suffering and abuse ne­ planet and destroyed the basic life fering. In contrast, Albert Dr. Amy Freeman Lee told the au­ yard conversations with neighbors I thought they were dead until, as dience "We human beings who cre­ gating the economic or social bene­ sustaining elements of air, water, Schweitzer's principle, "reverence to letters to newspaper editors. I held them in my hand, I felt a for life"-all life-not just human ated most of the problems must take fits when viewed from a moral-eth­ soil, and food, to say nothing of each on the task of solving them." Above all else, never underestimate gentle suction. To save them, I ical perspective. other, how practical have we really life, has helped us to survive on this the importance of yourself and the gathered as many as I could and ran There comes a point when a peo­ been? When we dress the carcasses planet. Unfortunately, to date, Des­ role you play. out beyond the tide to cast them ple, or an organization of people, of our bruised and battered domes­ cartes has more disciples than What can we do about the ambi­ back into the sea. Though I had al­ must stand up and be counted for tic food animals, we find that our Schweitzer. ence we have created out of our The distinguished B'ritish histo­ ways wanted to meet Loren Eiseley, what to them seems right and cruelty and neglect result in enough But even before the philosophic macho motivation, varmint activa­ rian, Arnold Toynbee, said that the it was then that I knew that it mat­ against that which they believe to wasted meat to feed one million peo­ base can be established, it is nec­ tion, and cowboy civilization? Two greatest of all historical forces are tered little whether we ever met be wrong. And because of who you ple for one year in the world in essary to place it on a firm spiritual potentially effective tools are edu­ set in motion when people decide to face to face, but what did matter are, who your directors are, and which one thousand, one hundred foundation. If one examines the ex­ cation and legislation. By educa­ pit themselves against serious chal­ was that we were both "star throw­ who your staff is, The HSUS has and sixty human beings die of star­ tant, operative framework of most tion, we mean the lifelong self-dis­ lenges. We have never had a graver ers". Suddenly, I recalled a line of taken the leadership in standing vation every hour. religions, the church, one finds few cipline through which we build challenge than that created by the Robert Frost's from his poem, against those who exploit animals On this same earth, there are priests, ministers or rabbis con­ character by exercising on the bars devastating results of our brutality, "Birches": "One could do worse than for unjustified purposes or for pur­ more people than ever before with cerned with reverence for all life. If of ethical and moral disciplines; cruelty, and violence. We are talk­ be a swinger of birches," And I poses made wrong because of the more means of destruction than at one asked the question, "Has orga­ learn to think for ourselves by com­ ing about nothing less than human thought, one could do better, too, cost in terms of suffering and abuse. any time in recorded history. When nized religion missed the boat prehending substantive and signif­ survival itself. and be a thrower of stars! • It is a matter of sensitivity and con­ you add to these ingredients the sad called the Ark?", the answer is a icant material, and master the tech­ cern, a matter of caring enough to fact that there is a blatant lack of resounding "Yes". The men and nique of making trouble about what believe enough to be what one be­ ethical, moral, and spiritual moti­ women of the cloth hide behind the is wrong as well as developing the lieves. vations, our status quo is both ter­ stock rationalization that they are courage to wage the campaign in a Yet there can be no arrogance rifying and challenging. We human concerned primarily with saving legal, non-violent way. The vehicle presumed by any of us individually beings who created most of the souls, and since they believe that of education provides a major or The HSUS as an organization. problems must take on the task of only humans have souls, this means means for shaping and developing We are far from perfect, and the solving them. Obviously, every­ saving human beings. If you ask humane attitudes. Ideally, humane 1979 goal we seek is yet far removed. We thing is a people problem. them whether or not they believe education should become an inte­ are a people of our times, perhaps In my opinion, there is little hope in the possibility of self-brutaliza­ gral part of the curriculum per se a bit ahead of our times, yet limited of success without embracing "sa­ tion through the spiritual boomer­ by creating subject content imbued by our current mores and values. cred discontents" and without en­ ang of committing brutal acts, most with the essence of humaneness it­ Our 25th Anniversary! What we shall be in the years acting the emanating philosophic reply that they do. Then by axiom self. Isolated and sporadic classes ahead, no one knows. But unless it and spiritual revolution. Defini­ one, they should concentrate on the restricted to instructions on the is more and better than what we tively, this means a legal, non-vio­ humane ethic. To the uncaring who, care of pets, however valid and now are, we shall surely fail. For lent re-evaluation of our societal when in search of an excuse, sud­ helpful, are not comprehensive we are only now awakening to the values, restructuring of our moti­ denly turn into so-called Bible enough, and, therefore, not effec­ possibility that ours is not the most vations, and reordering of our prior­ scholars, and inform us that God tive. The desired status will be unique of all species-<>nly the most ities. In our society, there is a myth gave us dominion over all the crea­ reached when education and hu­ educated-but not for that reason abroad that economists and politi­ tures, it is wise to point out that the maneness are truly synonymous. Plan now to attend the 1979 HSUS Annual the most ethical or moral. Perhaps cians rule the land. Nothing could word, dominion, implies the ines­ Conference to be held in Orlando, Florida at the there are values yet to be learned, be further from the truth as every capable ethical principle that if one taught us by another species, or a a cursory observer of history knows. is given authority, he must assume Sheraton Twin Towers hotel, November 7-10. The complete text of Dr. Lee's new mysticism evolving not from a While poets and philosophers are the corresponding responsibility. speech, the President's Report, Look for further information in upcoming God removed but from a god within, ridiculed and feared, in actuality, Further, we might suggest that and Dr. Leon Weiss' address on issues of The HSUS News. enlightening us regarding our one­ they provide the principles for our they would do well to read Genesis "The Role of The Scientist as Hu­ ness with all life and our responsi­ conduct. One has only to recall the more thoroughly to discover that we manitarian" are available from bility for its nurture and well two philosophic extremes of the are admonished to be stewards of The HSUS, 2100 L Street, NW, being.• Cartesian and Schweitzerian prin- God's garden. Washington, DC, 20037.

22 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 23 nessee Walking Horses to affect their gait for the sole animals can be effectively replaced by inanimate mod­ Adopted by Membership purpose of winning prizes and recognition; and els in scenes requiring special effects; WHEREAS, in 1978 Tennessee Walking Horse THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ 1878 Resolutions trainers and exhibitors are still showing and winning mane Society of the United States convey to the leaders Meeting, October 1878 with sored horses through the use of more sophisticated in the motion picture and television industries its de­ and hidden techniques of soring; and mand that this practice of using drugs and tranquilizers Marine Mammals WHEREAS, the HSUS, together with other WHEREAS, there is still no effective enforce­ on animals to produce special effects cease; and humane organizations, undertook in January 1971 to ment of the Horse Protection Act by the USDA; BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane WHEREAS, the United States has organize the Counsel for Livestock Protection for the THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ Society of the United States expose and condemn this traditionally been the world leader purpose of building a pen for ritual slaughter (Exhibit mane Society ofthe United States, recognizing the need practice in its publications and urge its constituents to in the conservation and protection A); and for stronger action, monitor enforcement of the HPA express their condemnation of these cruel and unnec­ of marine mammals; and WHEREAS, the HSUS has contributed through its field investigators and reports from mem­ essary practices to the motion picture and television WHEREAS, that leadership thousands of dollars for the construction of such pen bers in order to educate the public and the membership industries. role has been seriously eroded dur­ (Exhibit B); and of The HSUS about the suffering ofTennessee Walking ing the current administration in regard to the great WHEREAS, the University of Connecticut En­ Horses, and to increase the public pressure on the ·whales; and gineering Department, in contractual relations with USDA to demand sufficient funding and to take the WHEREAS, the tuna industry has not achieved the Council for Livestock Protection to build such a steps necessary to enforce the Horse Protection Act and the goal of near zero mortality of porpoise; and pen, stated in 1975 that such pen was ready for com­ put an end to this cruel practice of so ring. Bird Trafficking WHEREAS, the United States continues to club mercial construction (Exhibit C); and WHEREAS, such pen is still not available; and WHEREAS, the United States is a seals on its own Pribilof Islands off Alaska; Barn Cats major market for international THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ WHEREAS, the Council for Livestock Protec­ tion at the present time is engaged with the Cincinnati commerce in wild birds intended for mane Society of the United States continue to demand WHEREAS, most farms and stables sale as pets; and that the United States policy for a ten year moratorium Butcher Supply Company in building a pen for ritual slaughter (Exhibit D); and in the nation keep barn cats to con­ WHEREAS, accelerated pet on the commercial killing of whales receive top priority; trol rats and mice; and industry trafficking in wild birds, and WHEREAS, the same company has not been able to report any progress (Exhibit E); and WHEREAS, barn cats are in combination with habitat loss, is having a deleterious BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane too often not fed, due to a popular impact upon avian populations; and Society ofthe United States call upon the U.S. Govern­ THEREFORE, LET IT BE RESOLVED THAT HSUS seek to establish a dialogue with leaders of the misconception that they can ade­ WHEREAS, the pet bird trade represents an un­ ment to do everything it can to end the killing of fur quately provide for themselves; and justifiable and cruel exploitation of wild animals; and seals in Alaska. Jewish community to bring about coordination in the field of ritual slaughter. WHEREAS, they are also seldom altered or WHEREAS, a substantial incidence of suffering given veterinary treatment when sick or injured; and and mortality is associated with trade in wild birds as High School WHEREAS, most barn cats are allowed to breed well as with their captivity; Predator freely and become disease ridden and parasite infested, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ Science Fairs Control unlike other working animals on the farm which are mane Society of the United States urge the adoption of given adequate care; and import regulations and international agreements to WHEREAS, the International Sci­ WHEREAS, in 1972, after many WHEREAS, barn cats frequently become feral, prohibit the collection and shipment of wild birds in­ ence and Engineering Fair con­ years of indiscriminate poisoning contributing to the cat overpopulation problem and ov­ tended for the pet trade. dones the use oflive animals in high on federal land, the government erpredation of wildlife as well as acting as a reservoir school science fair projects at the local, state, and na- was persuaded by the animal welfare movement and for viruses, such as rabies and panleukopenia, which tional levels without due safeguards of adequate rules the environmental community that these programs affect the quality of life of other cats as well as of man governing the use of such animals; and were unnecessary, ineffective, harmful to other species himself; and WHEREAS, it has been shown over the past few and to the environment, and were indescribably cruel WHEREAS, the keeping of barn cats and all of years that many such projects entail needless and un­ and inhumane, and the government did effectively these attendant problems often constitute cruel and Factory Farming justifiable animal suffering; and eliminate the use of poisons for the control of predators inhumane treatment and cause problems for society WHEREAS, THE ISEF has not only not insti­ which shelters across the nation are asked to solve; WHEREAS, the stresses of live­ on federal lands; and stock transportation are responsi­ tuted adequate rules for the welfare of animals used in WHEREAS, since that time the sheep industry, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ science projects but has even failed to effectively enforce mane Society of the United States commit itself whole­ ble for considerable cruelty to ani­ aided and abetted by government employees who dis­ mals and frequent loss of life; and the weak rules they have promulgated; agreed with the poisoning ban, has kept up unrelenting heartedly to conducting a public education campaign THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ to put an end to the cruelty involved in this traditional WHEREAS, there is an in­ pressure to have the ban lifted to permit the operational creasing trend towards intensive, mane Society of the United States condemn the ISEF use of Compound 1080, and vastly increase and expand form of cheap rodent control, and by promoting through judging standards until adequate high school science literature such minimum standards for the care of barn confinement raising of pigs, poultry, beef, and dairy the control program generally; and cattle, and veal calves; and fair regulations are instituted and enforced for the pur­ WHEREAS, there has been no real attempt on cats as feeding, vaccinations, altering, and routine vet­ pose of precluding projects that involve animal suffer­ erinary care. WHEREAS, such systems are contrary to the the part of the government to increase the use of alter­ best traditions of ethical animal husbandry; and ing or abuse in all science fair competitions; and native non-lethal methods of protecting the livestock; BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane WHEREAS, such systems can be unduly stress­ THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ ful to the animals and rarely satisfy the animals' basic Society of the United States encourage the ISEF to mane Society of the United States take a firm and vig­ Animals In consider as a judging criterion the highest standards behavioral, emotional, and social needs; and orous stand with the executive and legislative branches WHEREAS, the numbers of animals potentially of animal care with special emphasis on the use of re­ of the government opposing this proposed increased use Entertainment placement techniques. involved is close to four billion annually; of poisons, and prepare to institute legal action to ban WHEREAS, the practice of tran­ THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ it, if the aforesaid efforts are unsuccessful. quilizing animals or giving them mane Society of the United States urge all members to Ritual Slaughter drugs to produce a special illusory both recognize the unprecedented magnitude of the po­ Pen For Small Walking Horses effect, such as the simulation of death, is widespread tential suffering in this area of animal utilization and among animal trainers in the motion picture and tele­ support the Society's efforts to bring about effective Animals WHEREAS, the Horse Protection vision industries in the United States; and humane reforms which are of the utmost urgency and Act was passed in 1970 and subse­ WHEREAS, many animals are subjected to se­ priority; and WHEREAS, no progress has been quently amended and strengthened vere stress by this practice and some are even killed BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane made in the field of kosher slaugh­ to stop the brutal practice of chem­ by it; and Society of the United States urge Congress to appoint ter; and ical and mechanical soring of Ten- WHEREAS, the state of the art is such that live a Federal Humane Commission to study this issue.

24 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 25 Permissive WHEREAS, the humane public has a real inter­ est in determining which cosmetic products have been Medication developed and tested without such exploitation and use Of Race Horses of animals; books THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ Reviewed by Guy Hodge WHEREAS, anti-inflammatory, mane Society of the United States should call upon the analgesic, anaesthetic, and diuretic cosmetic industry to disclose the facts regarding the drugs, medications, and other sub­ absence of testing with animals any of its cosmetic prod­ ucts so that the humane public can be selective in its Goren Bergman, The Complete ordered by HSUS News readers. To stances have been improperly used to mask injuries obtain a free copy of their catalog, and ailments and enable horses to run which would purchase of cosmetics rather than boycott all of them Book of Dog Obedience by Blanche otherwise be incapable of racing; and due to the inability to be selective; and Saunders, and The Collins Guide to write to the publisher's New York WHEREAS, as a result of the permissive use of BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane Dog Nutrition by Donald R. Collins, City office. When ordering books such drugs as butazolidin and asix, ontrack breakdowns Society of the United States should promote by all pos­ D.V.M. from the catalog, note on your order have drastically increased and injuries and ailments sible means the development of alternative test meth­ The Howell Book House pub­ that you are responding to the 20% ods for the cosmetic industry. have been markedly more severe; and lishes 51 books on particular breeds discount offer in The HSUS News. WHEREAS, this abuse is increasing in the Animal Welfare of dog ranging from the popular United States; Poodle to the uncommon Schip­ THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ Act Resolution perke. Each breed book contains in­ mane Society of the United States vigorously urge track officials, state racing commissions, and state legisla­ WHEREAS, Animal Welfare Act formation on the origin, history, tures to ban the use of these drugs and substances when­ enforcement has been largely inef­ and development of the breed. The Antarctica, Eliot Porter (E.P. ever such use would be for the purpose of deadening fective and many violations of the books provide instruction on care, Dutton, $29.95) the pain reaction in a horse at the time of racing. Act have continued unchecked; and training, feeding, grooming, and Through the eye of the camera, WHEREAS, the current administration has housing of the particular breeds. Eliot Porter reveals the awesome Livestock Handling failed to request and provide adequate funding for vig­ Character and temperament of in­ beauty of a continent unmarred by orous and total enforcement of the Act; and dividual breeds is reviewed. Infor­ the ravage of human exploitation. In Slaughterhouses WHEREAS, many USDA employees have failed mation on show standards is pro­ Porter captures on film visual in their duty to thoroughly investigate all parties reg­ vided for the serious dog fancier. images of stone and ice. He offers a WHEREAS, cruel and abusive han­ ulated by the Act; The Howell Book House pub­ stunning picture gallery of Antarc­ dling of livestock in slaughtering THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ establishments is still widespread mane Society of the United States strongly urges that lishes several titles written espe­ tica's seals, whales, and penguins. and often unchecked; and the funding for administration and enforcement of the cially for the young reader includ­ In 82 color plates, Porter demon­ WHEREAS, humane handling must begin from Animal Welfare Act be brought up to a level consistent ing Dog Training forK ids by Carol strates his unique talent for com­ the time the livestock comes into the custody of the with that required for effective enforcement of the Act; Lea Benjamin and Dog Care and position, detail, and color nuances. slaughterhouse up to and including the moment of and Training for Boys and Girls by An informative, thought provoking slaughter; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane Blanche Saunders. These volumes text further accents Porter's illus­ WHEREAS, it is possible to design, maintain, Society of the United States recommends to the USDA One of the 7 4 Howell dog books are intended to teach children the trations. Antarctica is that rare and operate livestock facilities not only to be more hu­ that it take the appropriate internal steps to insure basics of responsible pet ownership. book written in celebration of nat­ mane but also to save millions of dollars yearly because that personnel working on Animal Welfare Act matters The Howell Book House is offer­ ural beauty which captures the es­ of reduction in carcass bruising and other losses; be properly trained and highly motivated. sence of its subject. THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ Howell Dog Books (How­ ing a 20% discount on any dog books mane Society of the United States urge the USDA to Alternatives In ell Book House, Inc., 230 Park Ave­ immediately promulgate and strictly enforce regula­ nue, New York, New York 10017) tions which will effectively work towards ending cur­ Biomedical Research The Howell Book House claims rent cruelties in handling connected with slaughter; the distinction of offering the most and WHEREAS, approximately complete and authoritative collec­ BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that slaughtering 100,000,000 animals are used tion of dog books currently in pub­ establishments be encouraged to build facilities which every year in biomedical pro­ assist rather than hinder the movement of the livestock; grams, including unnecessary toxicology testing and lication. The company was founded and poorly planned research projects; and in 1961 with the objective of spe­ BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that these estab­ WHEREAS, the use of alternatives to laboratory cializing in the printing of scholarly lishments take appropriate punitive action against any animals can, in many cases, eliminate and, in other books on dogs. The 7 4 titles cur­ employee guilty of cruel treatment of the animals. cases, reduce the use of laboratory animals; rently in print explore all facets of THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The Hu­ knowledge relating to domestic mane Society of the United States and its members canines including dog care, dog Cosmetic Testing make every effort to promote the use and development lore, dog grooming, dog nutrition, of alternatives such as tissue culture, unicellular sys­ dog breeds, showing dogs, dog train­ WHEREAS, new cosmetic formu­ tems, mathematical/computer models and increased lations and products are usually use of clinical and epidemiological results; and ing, and dog behavior. tested on animals; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that The Humane Among the best known Howell WHEREAS, these tests can Society of the United States urge the relevant govern­ Book House titles are Dog Stan­ cause extreme pain and suffering, ment agencies such as the Food and Drug Administra­ dards Illustrated, Dog Psychology, especially since analgesics or tion and the Environmental Protection Agency to make by Leon F. Whitney, D.V.M., The anaesthetics are rarely used; and every effort to collate and analyze the extensive infor­ New Knowledge of Dog Behavior by WHEREAS, the information derived from these mation on the toxicity of chemicals already available Clarence J. Pfaffenberger, The tests is of no value except to the manufacturer in con­ in commercial and government files so as to provide Complete Dog Book, The Interna­ nection with the promotion and sale of the cosmetic; access to this invaluable information, thereby reducing tional Encyclopedia of Dogs, Why and the amount of repetitive testing. Does Your Dog Do That? by Dr. Photo from Antarctica showing Dancing Adelie Penguins at McMurdo Sound

26 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 27 For those who want to study the topic further, the mals in research, although there is only one chapter on following books may be of some use: alternatives. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, by D. M. Smyth, The Future ofAnimals, Cells, Models and Systems in (Southwest Book Service, 4951 Top Line Drive, Dallas, Research, Development, Education and Testing, (Office TX, 75247, $5.95 paper, $11.95 hardbound.) This is a of Publications, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 useful book, although it is too pessimistic about the Constitution Ave., Washington, D.C. 20418, $9.25.) real potential for alternatives. This is the most technical of the three publications, but Painful Experiments on Animals, by Dallas Pratt, well worth reading for the articles on biostatics and (Argus Archives, 228E. 49th St., New York, NY, 10017, cell culture prospects. • $2.95.) This is useful for background on the use of ani- When talking about the technical subject of alterna­ wide-ranging. The Institute for the Study of Animal tives to the use of animals in research, one is frequently Problems is producing a pamphlet to help you under­ asked "what can we do about it?" It is always difficult stand the use of animals in research and alternatives to give reasonable and practical suggestions because of to their use. Notice of the pamphlet's availability will the complexity of the topic. For those interested, the be given in a future issue of The HSUS News. following steps provide a basic approach for a local an­ imal welfare group with only limited technical exper­ If possible, set up an advisory committee on the tise to call upon. subject of animal experimentation consisting of people with some biological training drawn from among your Decide what stand you will take on the issue. own membership. There are a wide range of stances you could adopt, some of which are outlined below. They all have their prob­ lems, either philosophical or practical, and you should Start involving yourself in local issues and estab­ develop an awareness of the implications whatever de­ lishing contacts with local research institutions and cision you make. science fair organizers. The following suggestions may Abolish all laboratory animal use. When taking this help you in deciding at what level you wish to work. approach, you may want to augment it with a policy of Schools-Develop dialogue with local biology teach­ vegetarianism. You should also be aware of the di­ ers and discuss the use of live animals in schools. Es­ lemma posed by medical research. Most of medicine is tablish contacts with science fair organizers and mon­ based on animal research at some point or another. itor the entries involving experiments with live ani­ HELP US HELP THE ANIMALS Abolish the use oflaboratory animals in non-medical mals and the diligence with which science fair rules on research and testing. The attraction of this approach is this subject are upheld. The animals need your help now The Humane Society of the that it appears to avoid the dilemma of opposing med­ University students-Contact local student groups more than ever. Millions of dogs United States is committed to the ical research with animals. However, it is virtually and try to interest them in the subject and some of the and cats are suffering as homeless, goal of ending animal cruelty and impossible to draw a clear line between medical and newer ideas which are being discussed and developed. unwanted strays. Cattle, pigs, poul­ suffering. Your membership, and non-medical research. Even the testing of cosmetics can Laboratories-Most research institutions will (or try and other animals are being that of tens of thousands of other subjected to the cruelties of modern humanitarians, increases The So­ be defined as medical in terms of preventing human should) have supervisory committees responsible for farming methods. In research lab­ ciety's ability to stamp out cruelty injury. This doesn't mean you cannot draw your own the care and use of laboratory animals. See if they are oratories, animals from monkeys to through legal, legislative, and ed­ lines, but you should be fairly specific about what you willing to enter into a dialogue and perhaps accept a mice are used and abused in painful ucational avenues. oppose and why you oppose it. member of your scientific panel (step three) on to the experiments which are too often Why not give a membership in Promote alternatives to laboratory animal use. This Committee. badly planned and pointless. And The HSUS as a gift to a friend or approach accepts that laboratory animal use is valid Impounded animals-Find out if impounded animals these are only a few of the ways the neighbor? We'll send a card to your given the philosophy of modern society, but only ifthe in your area are released to research institutions. The animals are suffering today. friend acknowledging your gift. researcher has made (and is making) every effort to HSUS believes pound animals should not be used for In addition to your membership, reduce his use of animals. This is the 'gradualist' ap­ this purpose. Not only does it raise problems in animal you can help the animals by remem­ proach, and it suffers the usual disadvantage of any control programs, but pound animals are unsatisfactory bering The Society in your Will. moderate approach. It does not satisfy either of the as research and teaching models. The unknown back­ Such a bequest can be a lasting con­ tribution to the needs of animals vocal groups at the two ends of the spectrum. Further, ground of the animal could invalidate research studies, that will continue long after you've it usually requires a fair amount of technical informa­ or at the very least produce misleading results. gone. Your request for information tion and expertise to discuss the alternatives effec­ When setting a policy on the use of laboratory ani­ about wills will be treated in the tively. mals, you should appreciate that it is a complex subject strictest confidence by our General with few easy answers. However, there are simplified Counsel. Familiarize yourself with the ways animals are texts available. Real progress is possible and there is Much remains to be done in the used in research, why they are used, and the re­ no doubt that you can help to reduce the level of labo­ fight to end cruelty to animals. The searcher's justifications for using animals. You must ratory animal use (from around 100 million a year) and animals need your help. Won't you understand the other person's point of view before you at the same time improve the quality cf biomedical help us help them? can promote your own. The subject is complex and very research and the effectiveness of each research dollar.

28 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 29 tricts. Pressure from the potentially yes. There is a wide disparity be­ Thus, trying to salvage some pro­ I I unemployed and from corporations tween the voice of the majority of tection for the horses from this Con­ and groups wishing to use the land the constituents and the voice of the gress, HSUS fought hard to get a federal for development caused many con­ representatives. HSUS wonders to provision into the law which allows I I gressmen to abandon their lofty ide­ whom congress is listening? an individual to adopt only four an­ als for regional interests and toss imals per year. Unfortunately, that Report the Endangered Species Act out Congress Mandates section of the new law goes on to into the cold. say "unless the Secretary (of Inte­ Section 7 of the original law said Death to Wild Horses rior) determines in writing that LJ that if the survival of an endan­ The Wild Free Roaming Horses such individual is capable of hu­ gered species would be threatened and Burros Act of 1971 gave the manely caring for more than four by interference with a particular Department of Interior and its Bu­ animals." That "unless" could be a habitat, then no Federal develop­ reau of Land Management (BLM) big enough loophole to drive a very Compiled by ment project could be allowed to go several choices in dealing with so­ large truckload of horses through. Patricia Forkan, forward in that area. Difficulties called "excess" horses and burros on We also won a hard fight to get a Margaret Morrison, and with this stricture came to a head public lands. Those choices in­ scientific study to determine the Marguerite Perkins in a confrontation between the Tel­ cluded euthanasia, adoption, and true number of wild horses and lico Dam project and the endan­ relocation. The burden of the deci­ their interrelationship with the gered Snail Darter-a tiny, very sion between alternatives was on ecosystem. Since HSUS does not be­ rare fish. 231 out of 393 congress­ BLM, which hesitated to use the eu­ lieve there are huge numbers of ex­ Humane Slaughter men voting sent the Snail Darter thanasia option for fear of public cess horses on the range, we de­ Act Becomes Law possibly to its doom by altering Sec­ disapproval. manded a full study be made. Even tion 7 to require that economic fac­ In the final weeks before the 1978 using ELM's own estimate of 50,000 On October 10, 1978, President tors be considered when critical elections, Congress took this bur­ wild horses, we still wonder how so Jimmy Carter signed into law the habitats are designated. That could den onto its own shoulders by vot­ few animals on only Vi of all BLM Humane Methods of Slaughter Act mean the same doom for the whoop­ ing to change the law so the killing land can cause so much damage to of 1978. This is a major victory for ing crane, the wolf, the peregrine of "excess" horses is mandated that land compared to the four mil­ humanitarians and for the food an­ HSUS Vice President for Program Coordination, Patricia Forkan, presents Cer­ falcon, the cougar, and other endan­ rather than just allowed. The man­ lion or more sheep and cattle that imals that still suffer in slaughter­ tificates of Appreciation to Senator Bob Dole, Kansas (right), and Congressman gered animals. date specifies that old, lame, and graze on it? houses. George Brown, Cal., (left), in recognition of their efforts towards the enactment A cabinet level committee, em­ sick animals be killed first. Other One of the biggest blows to the The new law requires that all of the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978. Each sponsored the legislation powered to grant exemptions to the horses can be adopted out, but those original law was an amendment to state and federally inspected and led it through their respective house in Congress. Without their interest Endangered Species Act, has been for which "an adoption demand by allow transfer of ownership after and hard work, many thousands of animals would continue to suffer. slaughterhouses in the U.S. use hu­ created. The committee will consist qualified individuals does not exist" one year. Before this, the U.S. gov­ mane slaughtering methods. In ad­ of the Secretary of Agriculture, the must be killed. ernment retained actual ownership dition, all meat imported into this Secretary of the Army, the Chair­ While this may appear reason­ of adopted horses and burros. This country must have been humanely suing new regulations reflecting The Endangered man of the Council ofEconomic Ad­ able, The HSUS fears the law could was done to ensure that no one re­ slaughtered. The new law, a cul­ that interpretation and HSUS will visors, the Administrator of the En­ result in a loose interpretation by ceived free horses and then sold mination of several years' effort by work closely with them to ensure Endangered Species vironmental Protection Agency, BLM to mean they can immediately them for profit. Unfortunately, due HSUS, Humane Information Ser­ the most humane handling possi­ Act the Secretary of the Interior, the kill horses on the range and not to the lack of enforcement by BLM, vices, and other humanitarian ble. Administrator of the National make a bona fide effort to find this happened anyway in some groups, will take effect in one year, One of the most exciting aspects In 1973, the U.S. Congress passed Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin­ homes for them. cases. Now, it will be even easier allowing time for companies to of the new law is the new authority The Endangered Species Act, a istration, and one presidential ap­ HSUS also fears that even less for such abuse to occur because one come into compliance. Some addi­ vested in Federal Meat Inspectors landmark in legislative efforts to pointee. With a vote of 5 out of 7, effort will be put into determining year after adoption an individual tional time may be granted to states which allows them to actually stop protect the diminishing wildlife on these people can order the extinc­ just what is the true "excess" num­ will actually own the horses and which find it necessary to enact new the slaughter line in case of equip­ the planet. It was one of the most tion of a species in favor of a devel­ ber, and thousands more horses and will legally be able to sell them. Al­ legislation in order to comply. This ment malfunction or abusive be­ noble and well-intentioned bills opment project. burros will die on the range only to though the limit of four horses or is the first change in federal slaugh­ havior by an employee. Many vio­ ever enacted. Now, even though The message of the 95th Congress make room for more cattle and burros adopted per year would seem ter laws in twenty years. lations can be corrected immedi­ species of wildlife and plants are seems to be that it's perfectly all sheep. to safeguard against abuse, it will Besides the actual stunning and ately upon discovery and time con­ disappearing at the rate of two per right to preserve rare and precious On the other hand, one change in only do so if BLM truly checks to killing of food animals, HSUS suming legal proceedings won't be day and the quality and availability wildlife as long as no jobs or money the law may help save more horses ensure that no one is, in fact, get­ worked diligently to improve their necessary. of habitat have worsened in the last are lost in the process. from needless suffering and from ting hundreds of these animals, or handling throughout the entire The one major exception in the five years; the 95th Congress has This message is very discourag­ being illegally slaughtered for pet illegally exploiting them for profit. journey through the slaughter­ new law is for ritual slaughter. Un­ seen fit to weaken protection. ing to receive. Is this the will of the food. In past issues of The HSUS Finally, the new law still doesn't house. As a result, the Senate Ag­ fortunately, the cruel practice of The Act was under attack for po­ American people? Apparently not, News we have reported on cases address what HSUS considers one riculture committee in its report on shackling and hoisting fully con­ litical and economic reasons. As because shortly after this vote, Re­ where hundreds of horses were of the biggest problems: cruel the new law states that pre-slaugh­ scious animals prior to slaughter more and more species became of­ sources for the Future published the adopted to single individuals with­ roundups and poor care by BLM and ter handling should be interpreted will still be allowed. HSUS is cur­ ficially endangered, more and more results of a recent national poll on out a proper investigation to deter­ some adopters. Specifically, it does to begin at the time the livestock rently working on new approaches conflicts arose with development environmental attitudes. When mine if these individuals were able not require BLM to write humane come into custody of the slaughter­ to this problem, which will allow projects in the few remaining areas asked if they thought an endan­ to care for that many horses ade­ standards for themselves or indi­ house, up to and including the mo­ religious and legal requirements to where some of the listees lived. This gered species must be saved at the quately. In several cases, adopted vidual adopters. Without such writ­ ment of slaughter. The U.S. De­ be met while giving a humane had some serious short term effects expense of commercial activity, horses have disappeared and others ten standards, it is harder to enforce partment of Agriculture will be is- death to the animals. on jobs in certain congressional dis- 67% of the Americans polled said have been found starving. humaneness.

30 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 31 from the Nevada ranges, even in of data regarding the effects of var­ the face of what HSUS feels is in­ ious independent factors including adequate information about the humidity, temperature, ventila­ Meaningful Reform is Possible horse population, forage resources tion, and the heat conduction and in the area, and so forth-was up­ IIawl insulating properties of materials It has long been recognized that one of the major cruelties still existing in the United States is the N held by the court. used in the construction of crates. preslaughter shackling and hoisting of conscious animals destined for kosher slaughter. To a major HSUS, believing that the District Although plans exist to study these otes extent this condition was eliminated with the development of the ASPCA large-animal restraining pen Court's decision is based on an er­ factors, the USDA proposed to roneous legal standard, has ap­ change current regulations without in the 1960s. However, no similar device currently exists for small animals such as sheep and calves. pealed the ruling to the Ninth Cir­ reliable data. Determined to help resolve this dilemma, The Council for Livestock Protection, Inc. was formed in 1971 cuit Court of Appeals. In the mean­ consisting of several national animal welfare organizations, including The HSUS, and concerned indi­ time, the advent of the winter sea­ In its official comments, The LJ HSUS, through Animal Welfare viduals. As a result of a study at the University of Connecticut commissioned by The CLP, a small­ son in Nevada has prevented any animal restraining device has been developed but not yet proven in actual operation. This delay is due further roundups. Act Coordinator Margaret Morri­ son;,.c;:riticized the lack of solid sci­ in part to a lack of purposeful and meaningful cooperation between The Council for Livestock Protection Compiled by entific evidence to support the pro­ and leaders within the various segments of the Jewish community. It appears, however, that a significant Murdaugh Stuart Madden, Transport posal. The Department had not potential for that cooperation now exists. As a result of initiatives taken by The HSUS as formulated in HSUS General Counsel, and Temperatures cited any study or data on the ef­ a resolution proposed by HSUS member Max Schnapp, (seep. 24) the following letter was received in Roger Kindler, Associate Counsel fects of lower temperatures on ani­ my office on December 15, 1978. mals under transport conditions. Based on the negative comments Furthermore, although requested Dear John: received from The HSUS and other by The HSUS and required by law, Wild Horse Suit animal welfare activists, the U.S. As part of the long-standing cooperation and ongoing conversations the Department has been unable to between representatives of The Humane Society of the United States and Department of Agriculture decided date to produce all of the evidence On October 15, 1978, the United the Joint Advisory Committee of the Synagogue Council of America and in December not to allow the sub­ it stated it had used as a basis for States District Court for the Dis­ jection of many animals, including the proposal. the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council, we were trict of Nevada ruled against HSUS puppies, to near-freezing tempera­ delighted to meet with you and representatives of The Council for Live­ in the suit brought by The HSUS tures. On October 9, 1978, at the fourth stock Protection on November 16. in conjunction with the American In October the Animal and Plant annual meeting of the Animal Air Two years ago, as you recall, representatives of the JAC viewed slides Transport Association, a Resolu­ Horse Protection Association to Health Inspection Service, the Di­ of an experimental apparatus commissioned by The Council suitable for prevent the round up and removal tion was passed calling upon the vision of the USDA responsible for humanely positioning a small animal in connection with ritual or non­ of over 5,000 wild horses from pub­ administering the Animal Welfare USDA to leave the air temperature lic lands in Nevada under the con­ Act, proposed to lower the mini­ regulations for animal transport as ritual slaughtering. We offered constructive suggestions for its develop­ trol of the Bureau of Land Manage­ mum air temperature at which an­ they stand until more studies have ment at that time arid again during a subsequent visit to the experimental ment (BLM). (See Summer, 1978 imals can be held in airport facili­ been done and additional data is site at the University of Connecticut. HSUS News.) ties from 45° to 35°. The proposal made available. In the preface of We were, therefore, heartened to learn on November 16 that the appa­ The judgment, handed down after had been instigated by some com­ the newly proposed regulations, ratus is now sufficiently developed so that further experimentation can a two-day trial, upheld BLM's au­ mercial animal dealers who had ex­ USDA announced that it would ini­ take place in a slaughtering plant. Rabbi Emanuel Holzer, who has been thority to conduct the roundups perienced difficulties shipping ani­ tiate action to gather more infor­ actively involved in these matters on our behalf for over 20 years, has without environmental impact mals in cold months, thereby dis­ mation. offered to be helpful to The Council in their attempts to secure approval statements being prepared. Also, rupting their lucrative Christmas Nevertheless, a serious danger from an appropriate slaughtering house for further experimentation with while the Court agreed with HSUS business. Problems occurred be­ remains for animals transported the device. that several inhumane conditions cause the airlines could not guar­ during cold weather. In May, USDA I was particularly pleased to note the continuing positive relationship had existed in the past in the BLM's antee that the air temperatures issued a regulation which allows between our groups in light of the deep religious strain within Judaism holding corrals, it decided that most within the cargo and terminal fa­ USDA licensed dealers to ship ani­ calling for the highest level of humane treatment of all animals. That of the conditions had been corrected cilities would meet USDA stan­ mals at lower temperatures than and that such conditions were "un­ dards. those specified in the regulations if ·concern further explains the desire and willingness on the part of the likely" to recur. Thus, the Court de­ The proposed decreased mini­ the shipper provides a certificate, JAC to find common purpose with The HSUS, The Council and the many clined to order sweeping changes. mum air temperature would have signed by a veterinarian, stating Americans who support your efforts. In the one positive result of the applied to all breeds of dogs, cats, that the individual animal has been I look forward to further positive developments in the near future. suit, the Court did require that any hamsters, and wild animals regu­ acclimated to lower temperatures. Sincerely, future destruction of horses held in lated under the Animal Welfare Act However, since at present USDA Joel 0 llander corrals be done by the more humane except for non-human primates. has not instituted an effective National Coordinator method of injection with barbi­ Particular concern arose for young scheme to monitor the issuance of tuates rather than by shooting, and shorthaired dog breeds which might the certificates, the potential for further ordered BLM to obtain a have difficulty adjusting to lower abuse is considerable. HSUS is con­ Through the kind of cooperation pledged in this letter and a continued determination on the part of certificate of a licensed veterinar­ temperatures. If this proposal had cerned that the certificates will be humanitarians, I am confident the cruelties experienced by the animals destined for kosher slaughter ian that the animal is in fact se­ been made final, the results could executed mechanically, without a can and will be resolved. Not only would this achievement eliminate the suffering of millions of animals, verely injured or seriously sick and have been disastrous. Animals can bonafide examination of the ani­ it would demonstrate in a most significant manner the potential that exists for meaningful reform when should be destroyed as an act of wait at airports for long hours. mal. HSUS will continue its careful people of goodwill are willing to unite in a common endeavor. mercy before the agency can so de­ The development of acceptable monitoring of shippers' and air­ John A. Hoyt stroy a horse. However, BLM's transportation standards for ani­ lines' compliance with the regula­ broad authority to remove horses mals has been hindered by the lack tions. 32 The Humane Society News • Winter 1979 ~------Pepres~1v e~ Animal Rights Page16 What rights do animals have, and what rights should they have in our legal sys­ tem? What obligations and duties do humans have toward animals?

Humane Livestock DEPARTMENTS Handling Pagel Letters ...... Livestock handling systems designed to Around the Regions ...... 1 utilize the animals' natural behavior Books ...... 2 patterns can help eliminate cruelty in the stockyards. How To ...... 2 Federal Report ...... 3 Law Notes ...... 3 Pet Overpopulation President's Perspective ...... 3 Page5 Statistics from Vancouver, B.C., show that progress can be made in solving the pet overpopulation problem.

Animal Trainers Code Page9 HSUS Director of Wildlife Protection Sue Pressman gives 10 do's and don'ts for animal trainers.

Jackrabbit Roping Cancelled Page 10 Lassoing jackrabbits is no longer an an­ nual event in Odessa, Texas, since two HSUS investigators came to town. Cover illustration by Soliteir Jaeger

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