Annual Report on the State Government Internship Program 1972

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 070 373 HE 003 600

AUTHOR Profughi, Victor L.; Thompson, Oliver L., Jr. TITLE Annual Report on the State Government Internship Program 1972. INSTITUTION Commission on State Government Internships, Providence, R. I. PUB DATE 72 NOTE 54p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *College Students; *Higher Education; *Internship Programs; On the Job Training; Part Time Jobs; *State Government; *Student Employment

ABSTRACT The Rhode Island State Internship Program provides students with off-campus work experiences in State governmentoffices that offer a taste of the real political world. It isfelt that this permits them to make comparisons between their on-the-jobexperiences and those that are presented in textbooks. A uniquefeature of the Rhode Island program is its acceptance of both undergraduateand graduate students, along with carefully selected highschool students. It is hoped that the program will help restorepublic confidence in the State government and that the program willdevelop into an avenue for the recruitment of State employees. (HS) re\ re\ CD

*11 1/41 XI oREPORT r-.- ON -IE or, r1-1-7,1 Fla .L GOVERNMENT INTERNSHIP PROGI:IAIVI 1972

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR D"tjANIZATION ORIG INATING 11 POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY

C.',:.dramissiorion Siate Government Internships HONORABLE ROBERT J. McKENNA Chairman

PartI Prepared by: Victor L. Profughi, Chairman A.acemic Advisory Committee Part II basic Intern Program Vv itten and Compiled by: Ho.. Oliver L. Thompson, Jr. FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY ...cimini4trative Assistant His Excellency FRANK LICHT Governor

Honorable J. JOSEPH GARRAHY Lieutenant Governor

COVER:Senator Matthew F. Callaghan, Jr., and Intern Mar- garet M. Loughran, Rhode Is- land College, discuss pending legislation. COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Honorable David Lamontagne JOSEPH A. BEVILACQUA CANDIDPHOTOGRAPHS: Speaker of the House of Representatives Oliver L. Thompson, Jr. Ototr of iltlobe tirouibrure PLuntaitotto

OLIVER L THOMPSON, JR. Adminirirctin Assistant

Gammiosion rat f.51a1:< Gaurrturtnit 31nterugllips Room 323 State House Providence, Rhoda Island 02903

RE?. RODERT J. McKENNA, Chairman PROF. ELMER E. CORNWELL. JR., Vice Chairman REP. LUCILLE A. LOVE, Secretary

SEN. ALDERT A. CAPPELLI SEN. THOMAS H. NEEDHAM MR. ARTHUR ENGLISH REP. HENRY W. PACHECO SEN. JOHN P. HAWKINS MR. DONALD F. SHEA Honorabk ROBERT J. McKENNA Chairma,2 To The Honorable, The General Assembly of the State of RhodeIsland and Providence Plantations State Capitol Providence, Rhode Island 02903

This second edition of the Annual Report of the Rhode Island State Gov- ernment Internship Program reviews the Intern Programfrom its Inception. The Report presents the history of the intern program and theactivities of the Commission. The program itself is a unique approachfor we have interns at the graduate, under-graduate and high school level. For the pastthree years, the "Model Legislature" program has been integrated into the program. The Commission wishes to thank all who contributed to the success of the program the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Legislators and the many speakers who participated in the seminars, and in particular, our gratitude to Dr. Victor L. Profughi of Rhode Island College for his effort as chairman of the Academic Advisory Committee and his editing of this report. A special word of thanks is also extended to Mr. Oliver L. Thompson, Jr., who has most ably served as the administrative assistant on the Commission. His extensive experience and interest in the intern program has been one of the most important ingredients in its success. We thank you for your past support and urge your continued interest.

Sincerely yours, o-a4e9tX.

Robert J. McKenna Chairman RJM :glr Enclosure

1.1111111111111110 PREFACE

The American constitution outlines a cooperative partnership between the central government in Washington and the states. In recentyears, however, the efforts of the national government frequently overshadow those of thestates, even though the latter may be closer to the citizenry. Scholarstoo have tended to con- centrate on the federallevel and state governments frequently are put inthe position of being more severely criticized than carefully analyzed:state governments and political leaders also arc held in low esteem by the public.

The Rhode Island State Internship Program is dedicated to the conviction that a major step toward restoring public confidence in state affairs will bea link between the public and the state government. It assumes thatas participating students of public affairs state government interns can help to provide this link while bringing a potential gap between the academic community and governmental administrators and decision makers. The program also presentsa logical .avenue for the recruitment of future state employees, and at leastore intern has already entered government service. One poll of interns showed that approximately 50 percent indicated that they planned to become public servantsor run for public office after graduation.

Under the general supervision of the Commission on State Government In- ternships, chaired by Rep. Robert J. McKenna, and including Prof. Elmer E. Cornwell,' Jr. (Vice-Chairman), Rep. Lucille A. Love (Secretary), Sen Albert A. Cappelli, Mr. Arthur English, Sen. John P. Hawkins, Sen. Thomas H. Needham, Rep. Henry W. Pacheco, and Mr. Donald F. Shea, thirty-two students servedas interns during the 1972 legislative session.

In pedagogic terms, students are provided with off campus work experiences tl-tat provide a taste of the real political world and this permits them to makecom- parisons between their on the job experiences and that which is presented intext books. The textal and experiential are seen as complimenting each other,not as antithicaL

A unique feature of the program is its acceptance of both undergraduate and graduate students, along with carefully selected high school students. Theco- operative effort is exciting and increasingly successfulas members of the academic and governmental communties work together ina common endeavor, which is of mutual benefit. Victor L. Profughi Chairman Academic Advisory Committee I. HISTORICALSKETCH

The earliest group discussion ofa state inte:nship program came at a luncheon meeting heldat the Uni- versity Club, in Providence February9, 1967. Gathered were political scientists from several RhodeIsland Col- leges.Believing that Rhode Island's smallsize and compact area made the possibility ofa coordinated program involving a consortium of colleges andagencies of state government. Thret, months later,on May 11, the internship idea received the strong endorsementof the EagleLon In- stitute of Politics of RutgersUniversity in a report to the legislature in discussinglegislative staff when the Re- poi t noted that rank and file legislatorswere without staff and in need of personal assistants.To help rectify this situation the Institute recommendedthe establishment of a college internshipprogram designed to serve two Governor Frank Licht and InternDianne Taylor,Salve Regina functions: (A) provide staffassistance and (B) provide College, discussing the reportshe is doing for the Governor. an opportunity for interested studentsto become involved in legislative service.' The Legislative Council agreedto sponsorthepro- gram on an experimental basis and provideda measure of coordination in 1967 and1968, In the earlyyears Prof. Richard Alsfeld of ProvidenceCollege was chosen by the Academic communityto represent it in the selection of interns and coordinationof program. In its first years of operation several deficiencieswere apparent: a) selecting both satisfactory studentsand capable sponsors required the greatestcare; b) mutual trust between the sponsor and his intern was an absoluterequirement; c) it was evident that the LegWave Council, because of the heavy demands madeupan the time of its limited staff by the normal operationof the legislature,was unable to provide the coordinationwhich the program Speaker Joseph A. lievilacquaand Intern Mark Weiner, La- demanded. Salle Academy on the HouseRostrom. Shortly after the 1968 elections,three political sci- r entists including Robert J. McKenna ofSalve Regina College (who had been electedas a freshman representative from Newport), VictorL. Profughi of Rhode Island College, and StephenWood of the University of Rhode Island met and agreed that if governmental , support for the program could be obtained,the experiences should be continued although closeliaison would have to be maintained between thelegislature,the chairman of the academic community'scommittee, and the students. Theprogram, as envisioned by these political scientists, would involvefewer than thirty-two students, and would eventually belegitimatized by legislation that would provide forfunding through theavenue L Minority Leader, RepresentativeFrederick Lippitt and Intern Eagleton Institute of Politics,The Rhode Island Legislature. Steven P. Erickson, University of Rhode Island, duringHouse (May, 1567), p. 1-2S Session.

3 5 of a bi-partisan legislature commission consisting of three representatives and three senators. Recognizing that there would be a time lag between the intioduction of a bill calling for the creation of a legislative intern commission and its passage, Lt. Governor J. Joseph Garrahy, in his capacity as President of the Senate agreed to aid in coordinating the program until a commission could be created and begin 'functioning. Together, Prof. Victor L.Profughi, academic coordinator, and Mr. Robert Perraglia, in behalf of the Lt. Governor, provided general supervision in 1969. 1Vhat had begin as a legislative internship was broad- Intern Andrew R. Cuzmals, Brown University, and Minority ened to the other branches of government in 1969 when Leader, Senator J. William Corr, Jr., go over the Intern's re- Governor Frank Licht urged the creation of a statewide search paper on the history and background of the Republican internship program in his inaugural address. Legislation Party in Rhode Island. creating a hi-partisan State Government Internship Com- mission consisting of nine members (three appointed by the House Speaker, three by the President of the Sen- ate, and duce by the Governor), passed the House March 20th, :and the Senate April 15th by voice votes, and was signed into law April 15th. A copy of the law is included as Appendix I. Anticipating enactment of the legislationthe 1969 internship program got underway at the end of Febru- ary with three seminars with key figures in state government, including representatives of the legislative leadership, Legislative Council, and the Governor's office, as speakers. Several evaluation sessions were held, and a banquet for sponsors and interns concluded the year.In ...... October, 1969, five additional interns were selected to have Ole first experience with the program when the legislature was not in session, and an additional seventeen 1 participated during the 1970 session of the General House Finance Director, William. J. DeNuccio and Intern Dan- Assembly. iel F. Harrington, Bryant College, research the State Budget. The internship concept is hardly a new one for the field of political science. In the 1950's and early years of the present decade, various internship experiences at the national, state and local level were provided through the National Center for Education in Politics and its state and regional affiliates.Similarly, beginning with 1953, the American PoliticalScience Association has annually provided intern opportunities in Washington, D.C. through its Congressional Fellowship Program. Also sponsored by the A.PS.A. is a state and local internship program through which grants arc awarded to selected universities with doctoral programs for the support of graduate internships in state and local politics. Both Congressional Fellowships and state and local internships and state and local internships are supported by Ford Foundation grants. Just as the internship concept is not new nationally, it is also a familiar one in Rhode Island. Senator Clai- Intern Jeffrey J. TM:, Brown University and Representative Robert J. McKenna, Chairman of the Rhode Island State Gov- borne Pell sponsors a program originated in 1961 through ernment Internship Program, during a House session consider an which Rhode Island college students spend a week in act. Washington, D.C. observing the operation of national

4 government. and since his election nI0117,Congressman Robert 0. Ti2rnan has syporteda program similar to that Of During his term of office Governor John 11. Chafee, through an arrangement with theUniversity of Rhode b`lancl. placed student interns in hisoffice. While the ideaofinternships is not a new one, the Rhode island State IllIern::hipprogram contains s:veral unusual features; a) unlikemost internship programs, the Rhode Island State Internshipincludes within its scope the legislative, executive, and judicial branches; b) although most internsare enrolled as undergraduate Representative LOWS M. Richards and InternCarmen Maria DiPetrillo, (daughterof students in the colleges and universities ofRhode Island, Deputy Minority Leader, Representative Carmine DiPetrillo) LincolnSchool,in House Lounge prior to graduate students have been appointed,andlimited. Session. opportunities for high school studentparticipation exist; c) intern selection, under the law; is placedin the hands of a steering committer consistingof one political sci- entist from each of Rhode Island'scolleges and universities;d)the programiscoordinated jointly by a knowledgeable employee and formermember of the General Assembly, Oliver L. Thompson,Jr., and a cooperating faculty member who issympathetic to the aims and objectives of theprogram. l'resently, over two- thirds of the internsarc being awarded credit by their institution for participationas interns. February,1971, and February,1972,each saw 30 students takingpart in the program. Under the 12 current week program, the I students spend two daysa week working in state government offices. In addition, they attendseminars each Dr. Victor F. Profughi, Chairman of Intern Academic Monday afternoon. To datea total of94students have Com- taken part. mittee, Interns Margaret M. Loughran, RhodeIsland College, during Seminar Meeting.

II. THE INTERNSHIPPROGRAM Characteristics of theInternship Rrogram In legal terms it is suggested thatthe Internship Pro- gram has as its objectives: (1) providinga link between the public and stategovernment;(2)opening a channel for the pceential recruitment ofpersonnel for state government employment;(3) supplementing college and university course offerings instate and local government; (4) enabling students to devolpa knowledge of the structure and procedureof state government; and (5; helping to meet researchand staffing needs of in- dividuallegislators and executiveoffices. To realize these objectives key membersof the Legislature and Executive must be willing tosponsor, orient, expose and utilize :nterns. Cooperating sponsors in1972included twelve members of the Legislaturesevenmembers of the House Oliver L. Thompson, and five Senators; the Governor'soffice; the office of 't., Administrative Assistant to Intern Program and Intern Michael Chernick, Hope HighSchool during the Lt. Governor; four Executiveagencies; the Attorney a Senate Session. 5 General; the House Fiscal Staff; the Superior and Family ( ourts, and the League of Cities and Turns. A complete list of the 1972 sponsors is included in Appendix

11 Willingnes..to sponsor internsis avita;firststep toward meeting the program's objectives, bat success also demand:: that sdonsors be willing to expose students to the process of government Loth asobservers and participants. By the end of 1970, interns had gained admittance to many committee meetings in both houses. Accessto the Senate Democratic caucus al.()existed, while Republicans admitted interns assigned to members Family Court, of the Minority to their caucuses in both chambers. Judge Wil:ient R. Goldberg, Associate Justice, to bar discusses a point of law with Intern Michael J.Reverts of Roger Only the Democratic House caucus continues WilliamsCollege. admittance to interns sponsored by/party members. Thus, opportunities for observation in key dedsion making areas have expanded substantiallyin the program's two years of operation. Looking beyond the formal aspects, Miriam Beth Fur- man, a 1972 intern while still in highschool, provides this cogent description: Combine the opportunity to steadily observe the legislature in action with on the scene at the minute work experiences, blendinform- ative seminars on Rhode Island politics, and the resulting concoction is the State Govern- ment Internship Program. Bipartisanship has been an integralaspect of the program from the outset. Among the sponsorsof the legislation creating the program were 47 Democrats and 14 Republicans, including both the majorityand minority party leaders in the House. The program is ad- College discusses Intern Peter G. Armstrong of. Rhode Island ministered by a bipartisan commission of nine members a rescarcl: project with JudgeJacob J. Alprin, Family Court, in three commission members appointed from the his chambers. with House by its Speaker, and a similar numberselected from the Senate by the Lt. Governor. The final three are appointed by the Governor.The law also provides that of the three selected in each Chamber, no more than two may be members of the same politicalparty.2 Another indication of bipartisanship in the operation is the program's continuous support from the Democratic Governor and Lt. Governor, as well as the majority and minority leadership in both Houses. The 1972 interns were chosen from the campusesof ;. all colleges within the state with the final thirty-three persons coming from, eight ofthe institutions. Students from five area high schools also took part. The "typical" intern was a junior and Political Science major;however, the undergraduate internsincluded a wide range of students from freshman to seniors with majors from the -- the Social Sciences to Speech. In academic terms, luterns Donald E. Mitchell, Jr. and Paul M. Riley,University 1972 interns tended to . hold a 3.2 average on a 4.0 of Rhode Island, with lecturer Arthur English,Instructor at Brown University and Bryant College. 2General Laws of Rhode Island, 42-47-1

6 scale, and as a group ;hey had more political sci.ace background 1h:in previims groups. Interns are choson by inetnhas of the faculties of Rhode Islam: coilcges and universities. III specific terms the law prov:,:os, -The Academic Committee shall elect a number of students. .. to serve as state government intents." Tile Rhode island com.artium ineltuis Bar- ringion College, IL.own University, Bryant College, John- son and Wa les Colie..e, Mt. -t. Jose:th ('ollege, Providence College, Rhode IslandCollege, Rhode IslandJunior, College, Roger Williams College, Salve Regina College, and the University of Rhode Island. Members of the Academic Advisory Committee in 1972 were Victor I., lateralsAlan Churney,Universityof Rhode Island;Bella Profughi. Chairman( Rhode Island College),Richard Marie Goes, Salve Regina College; Andrew R. Gignian, Brown Alsfeld Providence College). Allan Arcuri( Bryant University with lecturer Dr. Jay Goodman, Department of Paint- James Essex( Rhode Island Junior), Elmer Cornmell ical Science, Wheaton College. (brown), McKendree Langley (Barrington), Robert Mc- Kenna (Salve Regina), Frank Mancini (Roger Wil- liams), Dean of the Faculty (School of Design), Ken- neth Short( Johnson and Wales), Gail Wheelock (Mt. St. Joseph:, and Steven Wood (University of Rhode Island). Applications are made availabhe through the various college political science faculties in December with Il- iadselectioncoming fromthe Academic Committee in early February. Appointments are made on the basis of demonstrated interestin, and commitment to,the study of state government and previous involvement and experience in community affairs. The internship is viewed as an extension of the classroom and is seen as complimenting and building upon the educationalopportunities available on campuses. Experiences occur under the joint supervision of a mem- - ber of !h academic community (the Chairman of the Interns Jeffrey S. Shinn, Emile Benoit, Richard il. Johrzon, Academic Advisory Committee) and the Administrative all of Brown University with lecturer, Edwin C. Brown, Secre- Assistant the Joint. Committee on Legislative Affairs. tary of AFL-CIO. The weekly c:,ordinating seminar in which qualified faculty mothers;legislators, and representativesofthe executive a,:cncies and the mass media participm be- comes a key integrating experience. The seminar brings these [Apple to,.ether to exchange views and systematically analyze specific problems in state government with :he it.terns. lZeading assignments arc made keyed to each of 1.-.pics, anti a book of readings on Rhode Is- land ,olitics and governments containing material es- peciall., prepared for the program is given'to each intern. Each intern is also asked to prepare a paper evaluating tile internship experience and incorporate into. the work an ae.ilysis of some aspect of state government with v..inch ;ha person has become acquainted as a result of t:-.e internship. Appendix HI contains additional information enthis aspect of the program including the names of all guest lecturers, an outline of seminar topics --- John J. Kilduff, Executive Director Governos Committee on J Law:. of Rhode Island, 42 -47 -S Crime, with Intern Paul M. Riley, University of Rhode Island.

7 and readings, and a list of topics discussed ir. the 1972 pipers. Currently, academic credit may be awarded to par- t:cipants from Barrington College, Bryant College, Brown i:niversity, Rhode Island College, Rhode Island Junior College, Roger Williams College, Salve Regina College, and the University .of Rhode Island. The amount of credit provided is determined by each cooperating institution according to local institutional policies. Prior to 1972 the program had been fundt'id by appropriations provided by the General Assembly. This year, .4 a - -- however, fiscal restraints and budget austerity led the Eleanor Slater, Administrator, Division of Aging,Departmen. Assembly to remove the commission's annual appropri- of Community Affairs, and Intern JeanneC. Petrarca, Rhode ation from the Governor's Budget. Through the office Island College. of Governor Frank Licht, the Internship Commission ap- pliedfor, and received, a S6,C00 demonstration grant from the New England Regional Commission. Most of the funds are used to help meet traveling expenses, an especially acute problem for students enrolled at Salve Regina, the University of Rhode Island, Roger Williams and Mount St. Joseph. Interns are awarded a SIO0 stipend for their 12 weeks of participation. A grant obtained from the United StatesOfficeof Education, through Rhode Island College's Bureau of Social and Educational Services, is used to provide honoraria and expenses for guest lecturers taking partin the Monday afternoon seminars. Instructional materials are also made available through the grant. The Rhode Island State Internship Program is unique in providing internship opportunities for graduate and undergraduate, and high school students in the state government operation. Students are alsoinvolved in Judge Joseph R. Weisterger, Associate Justice, SuperiorCourt, executive, legislative, and judicial assignments, and the and Intern Emilie Benoit, Brown University in JudgeWeisberger's effort enjoys the support of key members of both politi- Chum:ars. cal parties. Not only does the program bring governmental leaders and undergraduate students together, but through the vehicle of an academic selection committee, the Politi- cal Science faculties of Rhode Island colleges and universities also are intimately involved inthe program. Interns are selected by the academic community, and the Chairman of the selection committee serves as a liaison between the sponsoring agencies, the interns, and the institutions from which the interns have been selected Thus, a three-way partnership among state government, student, and academic community exists. Original dexiencies though not completely eliminated, are being reduced, and intern response to the programis overwhelmingly favorable. Sponsor evaluation, although more sporadic is also positive. In 1972, for thefirst time, more internship opportunities existedthan there were interns to fill them and an indication of the program's Intern Antonia Levine, Brown University,Anthony Ratak, URI, Carmen M. DiPetrillo, Lincoln School. and lecturerPaul success. In its early years sponsors had to be sought, T. Hints, Executive Director Rhode Island PetroleumAssociation. and now there are too many to be accommodated. Select-

8 10 Inngor Ind appro;iriateinterns. iinee a imiblem, is110 major concernN rarriullypreliminary screening on the campuses 14 ings awell qualified grim!) of internseach year. The 1072 internship grouppresented new situation, lb.uever. with its quite diversebackground ranging from science highschoolseniorsthrough collegepolitical majors. The abilities andneeds of these two types of students are quite different and suggeststhat in the future the group might bedivided on the basis of experience and background. Perhapsthe program has ma- tured to the point that a twotiered approach is in order with one level stressingobservation, description, and emphasizes whilethe other .. limited pgrticipation. _ . analysis and research. of Administrci:on, cud seemed to pit Kevin Coleman, Director, Department weekly seminar, which originglly Intern Bella .ltaria Goes, SalveRegina College, s'gning adnanis- students against the guests: now operatesin. a format trative proclamation. stre:sing the exchange 01inionnation. Here two changes may be in order and once morethe two tiered approach merits consideration. Althoughthere was jar from uni- vetsgl agreement on the point, manyof the 1972 interns expressed the feeling that theseminars should provide more opportunity forintern involvement and shouldplay down lecturing. These suggestionsdo have considerable - merit. It would also be beneficialfor Rhode Island s.._) College to provide released timefor the coordination of the program, rather than expectthe coordinator to give time on a purely volunteerbasis. Such an important and time consuming task should not rest onthe good will of the persons involved. Rhode Island's program is notperfect. It has, however, come a long waysince its beginning a few years ago. Presently itis attracting many of thebrightest young men and women onthe state's college campuses, and many of Rhode island'sdedicated public servants are agreeing to workcloSely with the interns as cooperating sponsors. The future looksbright as the measure of Intern Jeffrey S. Shinn, BrownUniversity, and Attorney Gen- commonality continuesto grow between government owl Richard I. officials, student, and academic.

APPENDIX I

EXPLANATION INTERNSHIP AN ACT PROVIDINGFOR A STATE GOVERNMENT ADDITION TO TITLE PROGRAM AND INAMENDMENT OF AND IN AFFAIRS AND GOV- 42 OF THE GENERALLAWS ENTITLED "STATE ERNMENT" AND CREATING ACOMMISSION ON STATEGOVERNMENT INTERNS, AND MAKING ANAPPROPRIATION THEREFORE.

i It is enacted by thc General Assembly asfollows: SectionI. Title 42 of the. General Laws entitled'State Affairs and Government" is hereby amendedby adding thereto the following chapter: "CHAPTER 47 "COMMISSION ON STATE GOVERNMENT INTERNSHIPS -42-47-1.Composition. There is hereby created a commission on state government interns to consistoi nine (9) members, three (3) of whom shallbe from the house of representatives to be appointed bythe Intern Michael Revensparticipating in court proceedingsin speaker, not more than two (2) of whom shall befrom Judge William R. Goldberg's Court. the same political party; three (3) of whomshall be from the senate to be appointed by the Lieutenant Gov- ernor, not more than two (2)of whom shall be from the same political party, and three (3) to be appointed by the governor. Vacancies shall be filled in like manner as the original appointments.The legislative members of said commission shall serve so long as theyshall remain members of the house from which they were appointed and until their successors are duly appointed and qualified, and the remaining members shall serve at the pleasure of the governor. "42-47-2.Purpose 01 intern program. -- The pufpcse of the state government intern program shall be to enable students and young persons to develop a knowledge oi' the structure and procedure of the sate government in order to encourage them to take al, active partin the civic life of the state and to further encourage them to enter government service. Upon organization of - "42-47-3.Selection of officers. the commission, by majority vote, one of their members College with Intern Peter G. Armstrong of RhodeIsland shall be chosen assecretary. Judge Jacob .4lprin, Family Court. 42-47-4.Place.of meeting Quorum. The Di- rector of Administration shall provide adequate space in the State House lot. the use of the commission; provided, however, that saidrommission may conduct hear- ings and hold meetings elsewhere when doing so will better serve its purpses..A majority in number of said ocmmission shall, be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction; of business. "42 -47 -S.Dtaie.1,.' Itshall be the duty of the commission to cl...oper,t:e with an academic committee on interns conski.:'ng of one memberfrom each of the political science 6pprtri:m: of the colleges and universities in the state, in accoitioace with the recommendations of the heads o'Z .akh departments. The academic committee shall select a number of students from the various colleges and universities in the state as designated by !he commission, to serve as state government interns, said commission shall make such assignments to .!..e.a:Timental agencies ,subject' to approval of the Goilernr and the presiding officers of the House of Student Interns Monday sessions.

10 12 Representatives rvIel Senate, as pertains to their respe.c- tive jurisdictions. The commission shall also establish a program for said interns to be followed during the cours., of their internship. "42-47-6.Expenses. The General Assembly shall annually appropriate such sums as they deem su : :cient for the payment of necessary expenses of the commission and for payment of such stipends of the interns as the commission deems appropriate; and the commission may engage such clerical, technical and other assistance as it. may deem necessary to accomplish its purposes. "42-47-7.:lid to special committcc. The commission shall be empowered to apply for and receive from any federal, state or local agency, privp.te foundation or from any individual, any grants, appropriations or gifts - _- - - - - _ - _ _ - - Judge Joseph R. Weisberger, Associate Justice Superior Court in order to carry out. the purposes of the intern porgram. and Intern Emilie Benoit, Brown University, in Court. This bill provides for a commission of nine (9) members whose purpose is to establish and oversee the operation of a state government internship program.

. Interns will be selected by an academic committee, but assignments to the various agencies of government will be made by the Commission. Funds are appropriated for fiscal years 1969 and 1970 to permit payment of necessary clerical and other expenses of the Commission, and to provide for payment of nominal stipends to the interns.

SPONSORS INTERNSHIP PROGRAM -1972 EXECUTIVE BRANCH Governor Frank Licht, Lt. Governor J. Joseph Garrahy Attorney General Richard J. Israel Fred Burke, Commissioner of Education L Dr. Joseph E. Cannon, Direv_or, Department of Health Monday session lecturers Edwin C. Brown, AFL-CIO; Dr. Kevin K. Coleman, Executive Director, Department of Jay Goodman, Department of Political Science, Wheaton College; Administration Paul T. !licks, Director of Rhode Island Petroleum Association, Jack Kilduff, Governor's Crime Commission discussing "The Need and Effectiveness of the Lobbyist." Frederick C. Williamson, Director, Department of Com- munity Affairs LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Senator Harold C. Acaro, Jr. Senator Matthew Colleghan, Jr. Senator S. William Corr, Jr. Sen ator Louis H. Pastore, Jr. Seaator Frank Sgambato Speaker Joseph A: Bevilacquia Representative Frederick Lippitt 14: Representative Robert J. McKenna Representative George F. McDonald Representative Frank L. Nunes Representative Walter A. Quinn, Jr. Representative Louis M. Richards William J. DeNuccio, Fiscal-Advisor, House Finance Committee L...... _...... ____... .. JUDICIAL BRANCH Associate Justice Thomas F. Kelleher, Rhoda Island Supreme Honorable Jitcub Alprin, Family Court Court, lecturing on the Court system. Fellow lecturers on the Judicial system, Robert L. Gammell, Assistant Attorney General; Honorable Joseph R. Weisberger, Superior Court Professor Alan Aresof, Bryant College; Dr. Victor Profughi, Honorable William R. Goldberg, Family Court Rhoda Island College. 11 APPENDIX II RHODE ISLAND STATE INTERNSHIP PROGRAM SEMINAR OUTLINE, TOPICS AND READINGS 1972 I.Reception and Meeting of Interns and Sponsors II.1 ntroductory Seminar III.Background and History of Politics in the State Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., "Politics and Par- ticipation in !node Island in the Year 1975." Symposium: Rhode Island: 1975; pp. 69-79. Cornwell, Elmer E. ct.al., The Rhode Island General Assembly., pp. 1-7 last full paragraph pp. 133-141. Lockard, Duane, New England State Politics, chs. 7-8. 1V.News Media and State Government Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., et.al., op.cit., Pp. 151-166. Dunn, Delmer D., Public Officials and the Press, chs. 4-5. Intern Mirium Bet). Furman, Pilgrim Iligh School, and Lt. V.State Legislatures and Legislators Governor J. Joseph Garrahy on the Senate Rostrum. 15-76. Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., a. al., op. cit., pp. 15-76. 1 VI.Legislative Influentials Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., Ibid., pp. 77-98, 116-133. VII.Research and Bill Drafting Readings: Rhode Island Legislative Council, Leg- islatures and Legislative Councils, entire. VIII.Legislative Apportionment Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., Ibid., pp. 8-10 Representation and Apportionment, pp. .38-44. IX.A.Finance Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., et. al., op. cit., I pp. 99-110. B.Governor Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., Ibid., pp. 10-14, 110-115. Herzberg, Donald G. and Jess Unruh, Essays on the State Legislative Process, pp. 68-76. X.Lobbyist and Labor Relations Readings: Cornwell, Elmer E., a. al., op. cit., pp. 142-151. Zeigler, Harmon and Michael Baer, Lobbying: Interaction and Influence in Ameri- can State Legislatures, pp. 81-105,162-197. XI.Justice and the Judiciary Readings: Jacob, Herbert, "The Effect of Insti- tutional Differences in the Recruitinent Process: The Case of the State Judges," Journal of Public Law, XIII,; pp. 104-119. XII.Closing Session Senator William C. Fecteau, Jr., Deputy Majority Leader, Sen- ate, and Intern Anthony J. Nat.* University of Rhode Island Readings: Herzberg, Donald G. and Jess Unruh, on Senate floor. op. cit. pp. 14-26, 103-111. APPENDIX III INTEGRATING SEMINARS RESOURCE PERSONS 1970-72 Profe.%-or Allan Arcuri, Dept. of Social Scicaces, Bryant College 1-1 Honorable Joseph A. Bevilacqua, Speaker, House of Representatives Mi. Edwin C. Brown, Executive Secretary, Rhode Island AFL-CIO Mr. David D. Bouchard. Director of Legislative Press Bureau Mr. Americo Campanella, Rhode Island Attorney Gen- eral's Office Professor Elmer E. Cornwell, Brown University Honorable C. George DeStefano former Senator and former Republican State Chairman Mr. William J. DeXuccio, Fiscal Advisor, House Finance Committee Professor Arthur English, Bryant College Professor James Essex, Rhode Island Jr. College Honorable Aldo Freda, House of Representatives, Deputy Majority Leader Honorable J. Joseph Garrahy, Lt. Governor L. Mr. Richard Gammell, Attorney General's ()nice Professor Jay Goodman, Chairman Dept. of Political Science, Wheaton College Mr. John Hackett, State House Reporter, Journal Bulletin Mr. Maurice W. Hendel, Law Revision Assistant, Office of the Secretary of State Mr. Paul T. Hicks, Executive Director, Rhode Island Pe- , *troleum Association .Honorable John J. Hogan, Chairman, former House Fi- nance flommittee and former Chairman, Democratic Intern Mama. M. Loughran, Rhode Island College, and State Committee Thomas Keeling, Principal, Rhode Island School for Boys, dis- Professor Douglas R. Irvine, Rhode Island College cuss her project. Honorable Richard J. Israel, Attorney General Honorable Samuel C. Kagan, Deputy House Majority Leader Honorable Thomas Kelleher, State Supreme Court Professor Sol Lebovitz, Dean of Graduate Studies, Bry- ant College Honorable Frank Licht, Governor Honorable Frederick Lippitt, House Miniority Leader Mr. Peter J. McGinn, Rhode Island Chamber of Com- merce Mr. Harry McKenna, News Director, WEAN Honorable Robert McKenna, Chairman, State Intern- ship Commission Honorable Julius C. Michaelson, Deputy Senate Majority Leader Proce:ssor Peter Moore, Rhode Island College 211).... Mr. Angelo A. Mosca, Director, Legislative Council Intern Donald E. Mitchell, Jr., Rhode Island College and spon- Honorable Thomas H. Needham, Deputy Senate Mi- sor Joseph McDevitt, Director, of Rhode Island League of Cities nority Leader and Towns.

13 15 ammrarsiontlintmiiealimBEIMetliniORINRIIMMINTIIIIII1160 Mr. Arthur Norwalk, WJAR-TV Mr. David Ogle, Director, Connecticut Legislative Staff Services Mr. Gus Sao Bento, Director of Research, Legislative Council Honorable John J.Skiffington,Jr., House Majority Leader Honorable Frank 'Sgambato, Senate Majority Leader Honorable J. William Corr, Jr., Senate Minority Leader Honorable Joseph P. Thibaudeau, Deputy House Speaker Professor Jack Thompson, University of Rhode Island Honorable Anthony P. Travisono, Director, Department of Corrections ...... l'rofesor Stephen Wood, University of Rhode Island Intern. Linda M. Durfee, Brown University, and Reptesenta- give Frank L. Nunes discuss legislation on the floor of the house. Dr. Victor L. Profughi, Rhode Island College Honorable Oliver L. 'Thompson, Jr., Administrative As- sistant Legislative Affairs and former Legislator

APPENDIX IV 1972 INTERNS

-4 UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND Alan D. ChorneyGovernor Licht's Office Stephen P. EricksonRep. Frederick Lippitt, R-Provi- dence, House Minority Leader Joanne E. MattiaceSen. LouisH. Pastore, Jr., D- Providence Vincent P. MiglioreSen. Harold C. Arcaro, Jr., D- Providence Anthony J. Natale Sen. Frank Sgambato, D-North Providence, Majority Leader Student Interns Monday sessions. Paul M. RileyJack Kilduff, Givernor's Crime Com- mission RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE Peter G. ArmstrongJudge Jacob Alprin, Family Court Katherine P. BuckleyOffice of Lt. Governor J. Joseph Garrahy Margaret M. LoughranSen. Matthew F. Callaghan, Jr., D-Providence Donald E. Mitchell, Jr.League of Cities and Towns Jean C. PetrarcaFrederick C. Williamson, Director, Department of Community Affairs Sandford TrachtenbergGovernor Licht's Office RHODE ISLAND JUNIOR COLLEGE Vincent T. Amitrano, Jr.Internship Staff

BROWN UNIVERSITY Emilie BenoitJudge Joseph R. Weisberger, Superior Court Linda M. DurfeeRep. Frank L. Nunes, R-Middletown Sponsor Representative Walter A. Quinn, Jr., and Intern Merl- Andrew R. GuzmanSen. J. William Corr, Jr., R-East dells L. Bell, Providence College, in the House Chambers. Greenwich, Minority Leader

14 Richard A. johnsonJosephA. Thibeault, Education Department. community relations IiIIVANT COLLEGE officer Daniel F. HarringtonFiscal Antonia LevineRep. GeorgeF. McDonald, D-Cranston, Adviser to House Finance Committee Chairman, Rhode IslandBicentennial Observance Corn. Jeffrey S. ShinnResearchDirector, Attorney General's Department ROGER WiLLIA/VIS COLLEG:: Jeffrey J. TeitzRep. Michael J. RevensJudge Robert J. McKenna,D-Newport William R. Goldberg,Family Court PROVIDENCE COLLEGE Meredith L. BellRep. WalterA. Quinn, Jr., D-Prov. HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Carmen M. DiPetrilloRep.Louis M. Richards, D- SALVE REGINA COLLEGE Coventry Linda AmoriggoDepartmentof Health Mark WeinerOffice ofHouse Speaker Joseph A.Bevi- Bella Marie GoesDirector,Department of Admin. lacqua, D-Providence Marlene Anne JohnstonEducation Department, com- Miriam Beth FurmanOffice munity relations officer of Lt. Governor J.Joseph Garrahy Diane TaylorGovernorLicht's Office Michael ChernickInternshipStaff

' F. Intern Katherine P. Buckley and Lt. overnor J. JosephGarra- Intern Sanford Trachtenberg, hy go over her research project. Brenon University andJoseph DeAngelis, Governor's Stag,discuss research project. IS

. 17 BASIC INTERN PROGRAM

STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

Written and Compiled by Hon. Oliver L. Tho.apson, Jr. Administrative Assistant

COMMENTS BY THE AUTHOR.

In presenting this basic plan for internships,the author makes no claim to exclusiveness for some of the ideas have been takenfrom the best of existing plans, but perhaps it is presented ina little different manner and to this the author has added some of his own ideas and thoughts. Itdoes however, present a basisupon which a plan may be built tailoredto a given local situation. Oliver L. Thompson, Jr.

17 GENERAL INDEX

Introduction 19

Observations 19 Conclusions...... 20 Proposal 20 Purpose of Intern Program 20

Commission and Academic Committee 21 Budget 22

Intern Prog-ams 22 Program A 22

Program B 23 Program C 23 Benefits 23 Monday Meetings 27

Subject I 28

Subject II 29 Subject III 30

Subject IV 32

Subject \' 33 Subject VI 34 Subject VII 35 Subject VIII 37 Subject IX 38 Subject X 39

Subject XI 41 Subject XII 42

. Instructor Suggestions 43 Reading Material 44 Appendix I Edward G. Warren 46 II Intern Application Form 49 III Certificate Sponsor 50

Intern 50

Appendix IV Profughi Biography 52

Appendix V Comments 53

Appendix VI Biographical Sketch 53

18 INTRODUCTION The American state legislature has inrecent years on apportionment, many state legislatures already have a come under the increasingly severe criticism and scrutiny "new look." The election of many freshman members an- from journalists. scholars, and the general public. In the xious to be effective is one important source of support spirit of the -muckrakers- of the early 20th century for change in the legislative process. Veteran legislators many of these observers seek only to reveal corruption iv are seeing, too, that reforms once considered hopeless and the state house or to weaken public confidence in repte- impractical are now politically possible and may streng- sentative government. More sober observers, many spon- then their own role as members and leaders. sored by civic 3r legislative study groups have worked A vital link between the public and the member of the. for legislative reform and the need to raise standards of legislature is the participating student of public affairs, legislative performance. Proposals for increased compen- the intern. He can do a great deal to promote understand- sation for members, professional staffing of key commit- ing and to clarify knotty problems and issues confronting tees, streamlining of procedures, electronic voting devices, the State Government, the General Assembly and its and tighter controls over lobbying and political finance, members. Members of Congress have in recent years have resulted from these studies. To say that the State of warmly accepted national intern programs designed for Rhode Island and its General Assembly are exempt from students of political science, promising journalists, and these judgements and these problems would be foolish. law students. These have been sponsored by the American Indeed, most legis?ators are keenly aware of the need to Political Science Association and with support from the improve the image of the elected public servant and prac- Ford Foundation. On smaller scale, but equally import- titioner of politics. ant, a legislative intern program for Rhode Island can serve at once the General Assembly, the Executive and Spurred by the revolutiur, in representation which fol- Judicial Departments, the academic community, and the lowed the decisions of the United States Supreme Court general public.

OBSERVATIONS Today there is a definite need for a well-rounded in- even more bleak. A majority offer no courses at all that tern program to supplement college or university teaching focus wholly or predominantly on local government, al- if state Government is to be correctly portrayed to the though in some large universities these subjects are dealt. student. with in separate centers for governmental research and State Government has not had its proper role in co.,lege urban studies. State government and intergovernmental and university studies and if portrayed at all has been relations receive even less attention. incorrectly pictured. The virtual neglect of state government and intergov- This is more vividly brought out in the A.C.I.R. Bul- ernmental relations, the report suggests, may be due to letin 69-13 May 1969 in the statement quoted as follows: the fairly low "visibility" of these fields until recently. -The enclosed A. C. I. R. Information Report (M-44) Other reasons for neglect may be the complex and inter- Federalism and the Academic Community probes the cur- disciplinary nature of intergovernmental relations, and rent status of courses in State and local government and the low esteem in which many political scientists hold intergovernmental relations 1:1 college and university po- State government. The somewhat greater popularity of litical science curricula. The report analyzes the results local government courses may reflect increasing concern of a survey conducted with the coopers' of the Ameri- with "the crisis of the cities." can Political Science Association of Sc 2 public and private colleges and universities of sizes across the The report underlines the crucial role of higher educa- country." tional institutions in training the public servants of to- The survey reveals scant attentir : to the State House morrow, and asserts that students and scholars cannot and to City Hall. Although a majority of schools give come to grips with the urban crisis, the problems of rural some coverage to state and loe..al government in lectures America and the pathology of urban discord if the inter- and reading assignments for beginning courses, a strong governmental dimensions of these questions are ignored minority of the institutions ignore these subjects even at in the classroom." the introductory level. Only a handful of schools report To document this situation more fully we find in the substantial coverage of these critical fields in their basic A.C.I.R. Information Report M-44 3/69 entitled Federal- courses. ism and the Academic Community the following conclu- At the intermediate and advance levels the picture is sions:

19 20 CONCLUSIONS -This survey's findings lead to an inescapable conclu- reason suggested in certain questionnaire responses is the sion that the fields of American State and local govern- tendency of the -process" approach in developingpoliti- ment and intergovernmental relations receive second-rate cal science departmental curriculato ignore or to treat treatment in today's college and university political sci- slighting in these intergovernmental subjectareas, since ence curricula. While a majority of political science de- they arc rooted in an institutional framework andin some partments give some attention to State and local govern- cases are taught by so-called 'traditionalists.' " ment in introductory reading. assignments and lectures, -Going beyond the questionnaire,courses in these areas a strong minority ignore these areas at this level. Equally generally and roughly since World War II have significant, only a handfulreportreally substantial been unable to compete successfully with the glamorof coverage of these critical subjects in their basic courses." international relations, underdevelopedareas, comparative The situation at the intermediate and advancedcourse political systems, American nationalgovernment, and levels is even more bleak. A majority of the responding political parties and behavior. The virtual neglectoi departments have no courses which focus whollyor par- State government and intergovernmental relations could tially on local government. This may be accounted for in be attributed to the fairly low visibility of thesefields part by the tendency among larger universities to deal until fairly recently. The complex and interdisciplinary with these subjects in separate centers for governmental nature of intergovernmental relations and the lowesteem research and urban studies. Finally, thesurvey responses in which many political scientists hold Stategovernment dramatically document the fact that State government might well be additional reasons for this neglect. The and intergovernmentalrelations are indeed the 'dark somewhat greater popularity of State-local and localgov- continents' oi teaching at the college and university level, ernment courses could be a reflection of increasingcon- with about three-iourths of the 562 responding depart- cern on the part of both public officials and scholars with ments offering no course in either field." the far-reaching implications of the 'crisis ofthe cities.' The enthusiasm of some academicians for community "Why do State government and intergovernmentalre- power structure studies also might be a factor explaining lations receive so little instructional focus in higher edu- the relatively larger number ofcourses in these subject cational institutions? Why this scant attention in light areas. On the other hand, many offerings in State-local of the growing appeal of these areasas research topics? and local government could well be simply leftovers from The summary tables and appendices suggest stronglythat the 'traditionalist' period, with their current inclusion the degree of specialization called for here is for themost in political science curricula attributablemore to custom part only feasible in larger institutions. Somesurvey re- and convenience than to actual need and demand." spondents explained that. theirfailuretooffer such We thus see the need for an internprogram if the stu- courses was due to difficulties in obtaining teaching per- dent of today who will be the leader oftomorrow is to be sonnel with the requisite qualifications. Another possible given the proper perspective on State Government.

PROPOSAL

In a cooperation among the State of Rhode Island,the It is believed that such an internprogram can be of Executive Department, the General Assembly, the Judic- mutual benefit to the students and to the membersof the ial Department and the Departments of Political Science General Assembly. Further; itcan be of assistance to of the state's major institutions of higher education, it is those leaders and civic groups interested in thereexam- proposed to inaugurate a program of internships for stu- ination and improvement of the legislativeprocess in dents in the first two years of graduate study, thejunior Rhode Island and throughout the nation. and senior years of college, and in the future selected senior high school students.

PURPOSE OF INTERNPROGRAM The purpose of the state government internprogram to encourage them to take an active part in the civic life shall be to enable students to developa knowledge of the of the state, and further toencourage them to enter structure awl procedures of the state government in order government service.

20 21 Considerations in Establishingan Internship Program COMMISSION AND ACADEMIC COMMITTEE administrative assistant to the JointCommittee on Leg- For successful coordinationa commission of nine (9) islative Affairs to serveas a secretariat to the Intern Pro- members whose purpose isto establish and oversee the grams, the direction and management of theeffort can operation of a state governmentinternship program, is remain flexible and simple inoperation. necede. Budget Considerations': Interns will be selected by an academic committee, but It is an embarrassmentto speak of a stipend for legis- assignments to the various agenciesof government will be lative interns when legislators in made by the Commission. Rhode Island are paid hardly better than doorkeepersand pages. Nevertheless COMMISSION ON students who would serveas Legislative interns would make major financial commitments STATE GOVERNMENT INTERNSHIPS for transportation, food, and time lost from part-timeemployment. Further, Composition. There is hereby createda commission on a stipend adds prestige to aprogram and can provide state government interns to consist of nine(9) members some measure of control and disciplineover the intern- three (3) of whom shall be fromthe House of Repre- ships. A demanding internprogram might lead to with- sentatives to be appointed by the Speaker,not more than drawal by volunteers. It might leadto serious study and two (2) of whom shall be from thesame political party; involvement. for interns who receivea modest stipend. three (3)of whom shall be from the Senateto be ap- a.Suggested Stipends for Interns: pointed by the Lieutenant Governor,not more than two Program A: No Stipends* (2)of whom shall be from thesame political party, and three(3)to be appointed by the Governor. Program B: $100 per semesterper student" Vacancies Program C: No Stipend shall betilled in like manneras the original appoint- In selected cases $100 per semester per student ments. The legislative members of saidcommission shall serve so long as they shall remain membersof the house b.Administrative Costs: from which they were appointed and until theirsuccessors 1. Two meetings of the entireadvisory committee are duly appointed and qualified, andthe remaining each year for planning, policyreview, and selec- members shall serve at thepleasure of the Governor. tion of A, B, and C ProgramInterns. Duties. It shall be the duty ofthe commission toco- 2. Monthly meetings (tenper year) of executive operate with an academic committeeon interns consisting committee for supervision, liaison,and policy rec- of one member from each ofthe political science depart- ommendations. ments of the colleges and universitiesin the state, in 3. The Administrative Assistantto the Joint Com- accordance with the recommendationsof the heads of mittee on Legislative Affairsmay serve as part- such departments. time secretariat working withthe intern program, The academic committee shallselect a number of stu- and coordinating with executiveand Advisory dents from the various collegesand universities in the Committees. state as designated by the commission,to serve as state c.Seminar Costs: government interns, and said commissionshall make such 1. Legislative members and fulltime state employ- assignments to governmentalagencies, subject to approval ees available to participate in seminars of the on non- Governor and the presidingofficers ofthe House paid released time basisas needed. of Representatives and Senate,as pertainstotheir re- 2. Participating institutionsmay release a faculty spective jurisdictions. The commissionshall alsoestab- member in Political Scienceto serve as Seminar lish a program for said interns to be followed during the director at no cost to theprograms. Reimburse- course of their internship. ment for mileage anda modest per diem might be considered to strengthenobligations to the ACADEMIC COMMITTEE programs. The Rhode Island LegislativeIntern Program isde- 3. A budget allocation should signed to be considered ofsev- be inter-institutional,nonpartisan, and con- eral thousand dollars to bring ducted in a spirit of public out-of-state visitors service and open inquiry. To to address the seminar at appropriate this end an advisory committee times dur- composed of representa- ing each semester'sprogram. tives of the 12 institutionsof higher education in the state, of legislative leaders of bothpolitical parties and *Provided thruogh cooperation withthe American Political Sci- the general public should beestablished. ence Association: or by Federal Grantsat Brown University and the University of Rhode By designating a chairmanaad an executive committee Island. of no more than four **Mandatory attendance at Mondaymeetings isrequiredit): members and by permittingthe stipend. FAIIMIRSImppimminpmma

Proposed Budget throughthe AmericanPoliticalScience Association's Graduate Intern Fellowships: To be funded separately State and Local Government Internship Program. Academie Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year Undergraduate Stipends et) .100 each ...... $ 2,000 $ 2,500 $ 3,500 Academic Director of Program, 25% of teaching time to be released 3,000 3,250 3,500 Stipends for local seminar participants @ $50 per session 600 600 600 Guest speakers from out of state 1,000 1,000 1,000 Publication of Annual Report 500 500 500 Printing of Special 'Materials for Seminar Instruction and Intern Orier.tation 1,000 1,000 1,000 Expenses for Intern Evaluation Luncheon 200 350 500 Expenses for Honoring Dinner 500 500 500

Totals 8,800 $ 9,700 $11,100 Anticipated funds to be provided thruogh state appropriations $ 2,500 $ 3,200 $ 4,000

Amount (estimated) needed to fulfill total proposal...... $ 6,300 $ 6,500 $ 7,100

Expenses. The General Assembly shall annually ap- Luncheon: propriate such sums as they deem sufficient for the pay- It is intended that at the half-way mark in the pro- ment of necessary expenses of the commission and for gram a luncheon will be given, to which the interns and payment of such stipends to the interns as the commis- their sponsors will be invited. (The time and place will be sion deems appropriate; and the commission may engage designated by the Chairman) The luncheon will be fol- such clerical, technical and other assistance as it may lowed by an open discussion and evaluation of the pro- deem necessary to accomplish its purposes. gram to date. Aid to special committee. The commission shall be Dinner: empowered to apply for and receive from any Federal, At the completion of the program a dinner will be state or local agency, private foundation or from any held (time and place will be designated by the Chair- individual, any grants, appropriations or gifts in order man) for all interns and sponsors. At this dinner certifi- to carry out the purposes of the intern 'program. cates will be presented to both interns and sponsors and To carry out the purposes of this act, there is hereby a suitable program provided. appropriated the sum of six thousand dollars ($6,000) for each fiscal year ending June 30. PROGRAM A. GRADUATE INTERNS Because the program is nonpartisan in character, in- Number participating 2-4 terns may not participate in political campaigns nor be Duration: active in political organizations during this internship. One semester or in exceptional cases two semesters. INTERN PROGRAMS Ten to foteen hours per week with members or committees of the General Assembly, the Legislative Council PROGRAM A. Graduate Interns and Legislative Commissions, the Executive Department Limited number per semester and the Judiciary. Graduate Students in Political Science PROGRAM B. Undergraduate Intern Program Eligibility and Selection: College or university students Student must be in Graduate Study at Brown Univer- Number of students twenty to forty depending sity or University of Rhode Island enrolled in graduate upon finances available work in Department of Political Science giving a PhD Preference Junior or Seniors degree. Selected Senior High School students Fellowship Grants: PROGRAM C. High School Studcnts Students in this program will be under the provisions Limited number three to six a week required by the American Political Science Association's Duration two weeks at a time per student State and Local Internship Program, or Requirements Only during legislative 'session under Federal Grants.

22 23 Jetivity: ordinating seminar composed of representative faculty All graduate students will serve as part-time staff and members, legislators and representatives of executive will participate in the coordinating seminars as described agencies will he conducted at the State House for2 in Program 13. In addition they will prepare and submit hours on 12 Monday afternoons during eachsemester. to the seminar a major research paper, case study, or Planning of the seminar will be undertaken by the advi,- policy paper fordiscussion and analysis by seminar ory committee, coordination by thesecretariat,and participants. direction by a qualified faculty member. The seminar Under the direction of the secretariat, each Monday,a is intended to bring legislative members and officials, seminar will be held to orient interns in stategovern- students, and scholars together for analysis of specific. ment, including the General Assembly, the Judicial De- problems, discussion of readings, and guidance ofre- partment, and the Executive Department. Interns will be search projects. Non-legislative public officials and teach- assigned by the secretariat to designated majorityor ing scholars will be invited from time to timeto partici- minority members of the General Assembly, the Execu- pate in the seminar totreat particular problems, to tive Department and Judicial Department, for work in stimulate exchange of views and to promote systematic these offices two afternoons a week for twelve weeks. study of public policy and the legislativeprocess. PROGRAM B. UNDERGRADUATE INTERNS PROGRAM C. HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Number participating approximately 30-40. Number: Three to six per week. Duration: Duration: One semester or in exceptional cases, twosemesters Two week internship per student. Studentsmay par- of part-time affiliation (10-15 hoursper week) with mem- ticipate in Monday seminar program. Tuesday through bers or committees of the General Assembly, the Legis- Friday in afternoons during legislative sessions, they lative Council, and Legislative Commissions. The Execu- will observe the legislature in action. tive and Judicial Departments. Eligibility and Selection: Note: It is proposed that interns receive four to six Open to selected Senior High School students of the credit hours toward the undergraduate major in Gov- State of Rhode Island who are interested in and work- ernment or Political Science, providing the -programre- ing in Political Science, Civic, American Government ceives approval of faculty legislative bodies in participat- Studies, or who are students who will orare participating ing institutions. in the Model Legislature Program. (In thiscase students Eligibility and Selection: other than Seniors may be selected.) Preference will be givento students whose major Students will be selected no later than January15 is Political Science or Government and whoare either after statewide announcements in December by theState Seniors or Juniors, but is not limited to just thesestu- High School Departments intheparticipating high dents. Fanpnasis in selection will be placedupon the schools. student's academic commitment to the study ofgovern- Activity: ment, nis motivation, and his interest and background Interns will be orientedto state government, the in public affairs. General Assembly, the Governor's Office and duties of Students will be selected no later than August15th the leaders of the General Assembly, under the direction for jail internships (this program is limitedto 10) and of the secretariat who will coordinate theprogram. December 15th for winter internships, after campuswide Interns will then be assigned by the secretariatto announcements at their respective institutions. designated majority or minority members of the General Applications will be endorsed by the students' instruc- Assembly and the Executive Department and willbe tors and will require personal letters of reference. This charged with carrying out assigned duties. material will be submitted to the selection committee for final determination no later than August 1 andDecem- SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED ber 1 of each year. INTERNSHIP PROGRAM Activity: A.For Members of the General Assembly: Interns will serve as part-time staff for individual leg- 1. Provide assistance to members in developingand islators,legislative committees and commissions,the researching legislative proposals Legislative Council, and the Executive and Judicial De- 2. Provide assistance in responding to constituentre- partments of Government. They will perform specific quests and inquiries tasks as directed by the head their unit and will be 3. Serve as liason between state administrativeagen- encouraged to:develop research projects of theirown in cies, and local governments partial fulfillment of their academic requirements. A co- 4. Increase constituent interest in andunderstanding

23 24 ommiirol I;

of the procedures and problems of the General 1. Bill Drafting .!'crvices: This v.ould include research- Assembly ing the area concerned, drafting the propom:d new 5. Stimulate constituent interest in the legislative pro- language, and having it reviewed by the LSC or the cess, the state party system,and state government. LRI3. Interns should not be asked to dra. complex B.For the interns: bills as they do not have sufficient exp...ience to 1. Provide, through observation and limitedparticipa- handle complex drafting assignments %veil. All Bill tion, a means to increase understanding of theGen- drafts should he reviewed by experienced bill drafters eral Assembly and the legislative way of life prior to introduction. Related activities include: 2. Provide a vantage point for the systematicstudy of a.Researching and drafting resolutions. policy development and the political process at the b.Draiting amendments. state and local level 2. Bill Analyzing Services: All bills are analyzed be- 3. Stimulate the development of skills andinterests fore floor consideration by the LSC, many are ana- us:!ful for future application to their roles as citizens lyzed by it for the Standing Committees, but the in a democratic society intern can look bills over before the LSC does. An 4. Correct and refine the academic studyof politics analysis could be directed to an assessment of the and the legislative process by linking theory to political implications of a bill. amendment, or reso- practice. lution. Such an emphasis would not normally be contained in an LSC analysis. Bill analysis should be For Executive Department: reviewed for accuracy by experienced LSC staffers. At. a time in the governmental year, when the legisla- 3. spot Research: The legislator may desire short well benefit the Execu- ture is in session, interns might memos or notes on a wide variety ofissues. Nor- tive Departments by supplying them help to supplement mally, this could be provided quickly from sources the active staff an,i relieve them of some of the extra in the LSC library or a call to a state agency. In- work. terns have been familiarized with the sources and improv- It most certainly would benefit the intern, in could provide information quickly. The gathering giving ing his understanding of State Government and of statistical data is an example of this type of re- by the him the practical side of the work performed search. If desired, the legislator can request LSC Executive Offices. staff review of the memo. The Judiciary Department: 4. In-Depth Research: In the past, interns have pro- There is little advantage to the Judicial Department vided members with detailed, in-depth information because of their lack of necessary background informa- derived from studies lasting several weeks. A com- tion; however, it could very well benefit the internsby pilation of the laws of several states on a given mat- giving them first !Ind knowledge of the leastknown ter is an example of the kind of research an intern branch of government. is trained to provide. This, too, could 'be reviewed From a long range standpoint, it might have the effect by the LSC staff is desired. (The intern in advised of directing some young people toward alegal career. to check with LSC staffers prior to starting such a This would be of ultimate benefit to the system. project. Often times, the desired work has already been done.) INTERNS AND THEIR USE* 5. Filing: Interns could compile and maintain files on subjects of interest to the legislator. A.Legislative Utilization of Interns. All interns should be aware that personal limitations 6.1Iandling Constituent Mail: Services in this area could include preparing and maintaining tables of or practical politicalconsiderations may, initially at least, constituent communications on various issues, con- prevent a legislator from allowinghim to perform some services. With these exceptions which will vary among tacting the appropriate administrative officials for doing other legislators, and with the confidence the legislatorhas in information sought by constituents, his intern, most of the following services are withinthe necessary research to provide answers to letters, and interns competence to perforra. The legislatorshould re- preparing letters of reply for the legislator's signa- member that the intern is a beginner and lacksexperi- ture. ence. Accordingly, if thelegislator desires, the intern's 7. Preparing a News Letter for the Legislator's Con- stituents: This might involve a period issue sent to work can be reviewed for accuracy by experiencedLeg- writing up islative Service Commission staff members.Services an persons on a list prepared by the intern, intern might provide a legislator include: news releases for newspapers, etc., depending on the legislator's desires, A news letter might contain a *Ohio State intern program. description of the bills the legislator has sponsored,

24 25 a discussion of his major legislative accomplishments, volve keeping the legislator informed of events trans- including committee activities, presentation of the piring in Congress and in Washington in hisareas legislator's views on issues which are current in the of interest. Ass;:nbly, etc. Obviously, the intern will not be equally capable in all S. Keepin,4 Track of the current status of the legis of the above areas; by the same token, the above subjects lator's bills, committee appearances, and other issues are but a few of the activities an intern might perform. of interest to the legislator. The member might 'wish to determine the intern'spro- 9. Spcd: rz.rialtg:This could involve not only re- ficiency in many of these areas, and utilize him greatest searching the speech topic, but discerning the nature where he works best. and interests of the audience, and writing an appro- B.Providing the Intern with a Meaningful Experience. priate speech. As the intern works with the Legis- The performance of many of the above functions will lator, noting his style and interests, his dexterity in provide the intern with an incomparable educational ex- writing such speeches should improve. perience by acquainting him with both the formal and 10. Representing the Legislator at .nonlegislative meet- informal phases of the legislative process. There are, how- ings: Members frequently receive requests to appear ever, some additional opportunities the legislator might before informal groups to discuss topical issues. If wish to make available to his intern which would further the legislator desired, the intern might be directed enhance the educational value of the program. Among to attend such meetings on his behalf. An intern these are: might be particularly capable of discussing such mat- 1. Encouraging a high level of personal interaction be- ters as the mechanics of the law-making process, tween the member and the intern. Open discussions, democracy at the state level, etc., before groups of sitting-in on meetings with him and the tremendously students and other persons who are seeking informa- important day-to-day contact which provides subtle tion on their government in action. If the legislator insights into the thinking of the legislator,are in- cannot himself attend, he might wish to direct the valuable experiences. To facilitate such interaction, intern to represent his interests at private meetings most interns in the past have found it desirable to wherein discussions of pending bills or amendments be assigned space in the member's office and prefer take place. to work directly under his supervision. 11. Attending Committee or Subcommittee Meetings in 2. Efforts on the part of the legislator to being his in- which the legislator has an interest and providing the tern into meaningful contact with other members and leg:slator with a summary of the action taken. with executive officials. 12. s;,.rve as an a;:ent of thc Legislator in his dealings 3. Encouraging the intern to comment on the current with Administrative Agencies:. Here the interncan scholarly literature on the legislativeprocess and solicit information for constituent requests,as above, then reacting to this will provide invaluable insights or convey the legislator's interest in a given matter into practical and real politics. From such comments as instructed. the intern will have a good basis for considering the 13. Handling thc requests of Lobbyists: As the legisla- writings of academics. tor directed, the intern might work with a lobbyist 4. Taking the intern to caucuses and other political in preparing a bill for the legislator's sponsorship, meetings in which legislative affairsare discussed or provide the lobbyist with information on given (once the intern has demonstrated his fidelity and issues. competence) would considerably further his educa- 14. Traveling both with and for the Legislator: This tional experience. could include trips to legislative conferences, con- Again, these are but a few of the areas of interaction ventions, or other professional meetings, or trips to available and, as such, are to servemore as a guide than the nation's capital on matters of interest to the as a definite statement. If the intern is given the oppor- meml:er. If the intern traveled on behalf of the leg- tunity to perform in many of these areas, he should be islatot, he would be expected to provide him witha able to provide the member with many valuable services detailed report of the events which transpired. while realizing the practical education he seeks. 15. Doing Congressional Liaison Work: This would in- From Ohio State Legislative Program.

25 26 EVALUATION OF LEGISLATIVE INTER

Name 0: Intern . Date

Assignment

QUALITY OF WORK JUDGMENT

. Exceptionally accurate Exceptional Above Average Good common sense . Average Usually does the right thing inaccura.e, regularly makes errors ... Less than normally expected

ATTITUDES .. Very industrious, enthusiastic SELF-RELIANCEINITIATIVE Requires little supervision Exceptional, takes hold readily . Steady, satisfactory Above average, good imagination Indifferent, neglectful Confident, goes ahead fairly well

. Lacks confidence, timid COOPERATION WITH OTHERS

. Exceptionally cooperative ...... Good team worker PREPARED FOR ASSIGNMENT Cooperates satisfactorily .... Fully prepared . Has difficulty working with others Suitably prepared Unprepared ABILITY TO ACCEPT CRITICISM

. Understands and accepts criticism well Willing to accept criticism COMPREHENSION OF LEGISLATIVE PROCESS .. Unwilling to accept criticism Exceptional Adequate ABILITY TO LEARN ... Inadequate ::rasps. ideas very quickly . .. Quick to learn Average DEPENDABILITY Rather slow to learn Exceptional Usually can be depended upon GENERAL OVERALL PERFORMANCE Adequate Exceptional Above Average. Average Not dependable Poor Unsatisfactory.--

COMMENTS BY OBSERVER

Observer Position

FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DELAWARESTATE COLLEGE

26 Subject II Hours 1;/ Ye:, the fact does remain thatin many matters, the Topic Background and Historyof Politics in the State political system of Rhode Islandresults in denial of many dearly spoken public demands. Suggestions to the Instructor:

Rhode Island politic:IIpattern is unique, for here the Subject 11 Hours 11/J Democrats have the dominant position. Up until the time Topic Background and Historyof Politics in the State of Goveri.or Chafee, theDemocrats had occupied the ascendant position fora generation, and yet Rhode Is- Dimensions of state politics land is not functionallya one-party state. The Repub- Functions of state legislatures licans are not squeezedout of the race entirely. The legislator's position instate political system The roots of legislativepowers Two general characteristics haveforced Rhode Island Trends and consequences ofreapportionment into the kind of politicalalignment it has. First, it is one of the most heavily urbanized Partisanship in legislative decisionmaking. states in the nation. by a Professor Second, Rhode Island hasa higher proportion of immi- Practical application and historyof politics in the state grants and their second and thirdgeneration progeny a. than any other state. Democratic State Chairman b.Republican State Chairman The great benefit of a two-party system is that the Seminar Open for Discussion andQuestions: parties think of themselvesas continuing organizations, nearly as worried about thenext election as the present Subject II one. The threat of the ballot-weilding public affects the QUESTIONS. organization rather than merelythreatening individual politicians. Thus the ideas isthat greater responsibility Questions to Stimulate Discussion. results as the parties seek to keep their houses in order 1. How evenly have the two partiescompeted for con- while meeting the demands ofthe public at leastso far trol of the legislature since 1945? as the demands are indefatigable. 2. How often have the House andSenate been under In Rhode Island thetwo-party ideal is approximated, divided party control? notwithstanding the strong position of the Democratic 3. How often have the Governor party over the past generation, but theextent of corrup- and legislature been controlled by different parties? tion, of disregard of the publicinterest and of public demands would make itappear that the two-party ideal 4. Is the trend toward amore competitive two-party is not approximated in RhodeIsland. Why? system? Several observations need to be madeon this connec- S. How many house and Senate membersfaced no tion. Firs:, the majorityparty has not been wholly un- competition within their own party in seekingnom- mindful, nor for that matter hasthe minority, of the ination last election? needs of the urban-industrialized society that is Rhode 6. How many members won their Island. The social welfare and labor seat in the general legislation passed in election without opposition? the last two decades hasmet with public favor, and in that respect the parties have actedresponsibly. Action in 7. How many present members also servedin the last behalf of the underprivileged elementsof society is not I,gislature? a common feature of the typical one-party State.More 8. Would it appear that the often than not, the dominant political two-party ideal is approx- interests of such imated in Rhode Island? states are so closely tied in with industrialand business interests that the rank and file of thepublic gets scant 9. If, not, why not? protection from the government. This is not the case in 10. Does the political system in Rhode Rhode Island. Island result in denial of many clearly spoken publicdemands?

29 30 1) Lotteries prohibited. Subject II1 Hours 11/: m) Debts not to be incurred. Topic Branches of State Government n) Private or local appropriations. o) 01 valuations of property and assessrneats. Suggestions to he instructor: p) Officers may be continued until succrsf.ursquali- In the Fk.,1eralist Papers, JamesMadison wrote that principle of free government that fied. -.Ii it be a fundamental q) Bills to create corporations to becontinued, ex- the legislative, executive andjudiciary powers should be separately exercised, it is equally sothat they be inde- cept ect. r) Of election of senators in Congress. pendently exercised." Our Founding Father inEstablishing the Constitution 3.Mu, le of Representatives ratio of representation. for the United States ofAmerica, Established the Legis- a) How constituted lative Branch of the GovernmentFirst. b) May elect its officers, etc.

ARTICLE I 4. Senate Section 1.All Legislative Powers hereingranted shall a) How constituted. be vested in a Congress of theUnited States, which shall b) Governor to preside. When tovote in grand consist of a Senate and Houseof Representatives. commitee. After Setting Forth thePowers and Limitations of c) May elect presiding officer in case of vacancy, etc. the Congress, they Establishedthe Executive Branch. d) Secretary and other officers.

ARTICLE II S. Executive Section 1.The Executive Power shall bevested in a a) Of the Governor and LieutenantGovernor. How President of the United States ofAmerica. elected. The Third Branch of Government wasthe Judicial. b) Duty of Governor. naval forces, ex- ARTICLE III c) He shall command military and cept, etc. Section 1.The Judicial Power of the UnitedStates, shall be vested in one SupremeCourt, ard in such inferior d) He may grant reprives, etc. vacancies. courts as the Congress mayfrom time to time ordain and c) He may fill 1) He may adjourn assembly, in case, etc. establish. Many of the constitutional statesfollowed the federal g) He may convene assembly, when, etc. constitution closely and Rhode Islandis one of them. h) Commissions, how signed, etc. i) Lieutenant Governor, when to act asGovernor. Suggested Reading for Instructor j) Vacancies, how filled. Book C.For terms that may need defining. k) Compensation of Governor, etc. V, VII, Book P.State Constitution Articles III, IV, 1) Duties of general officers. and X and Amendments. Book Q. 6.Judiciary Inferior courts, how estab- Book R. a) One supreme court lished. b) Jurisdiction of courts. Chancery powers. Subject III Hours c) Judges of supreme court to instructjury. To give Topic The Branches of State Government opinions, etc. d) Of election and tenure of officeof judges of Three Departments. 1. Powers Distributed supreme court. 2. Legislative Power e) Vacancies, how filled. a) Constitution supreme law. of Law. f) Compensation of judges. b) Two HousesGeneral AssemblyStyle g) Justices of the peace and wardens,how elected. c) Sessions of General Assembly, Their jurisdiction. d) Members not to take fees, etc. r) Members exempt from arrest, etc. Explanation first by a professor of the.background of f)Powers of each house. Organizations. the separation of powers, then anexplanation by a mem- g) Powers to make rules, etc. ber of each branch of government, asbrief as possible 11) Of the Journal, and yeas and nays. as to the constitutional powers, etc.,granted by the State i) Of adjournments. Constitution in regard to its practicalapplication. j) Of powers not prohibited. k) Pay of members. Seminar Open for Discussion and Questions. Subject III 5. Is the Executive branch, the Governor,by proposing QI'ESTIONS. legislative plan, usurping thepowers of the legislature? Questions tO :;timkil.tte Discussion: 6. Arc we today by liberal legislation I. Has 'here been ,,ver !re (such a wiretap- years a giving away of ping law) arming officials withpower (that has the power :. of the legislature to the executive? force of law) and, arbitraryinterference without 2. Is the modern role of the legislatureone of approv- such individuals being elected andresponsible to ing of legislation introduced by theExecutive instead the voters? of initiating the legislation themselves? 7. Have the courts usurped thepower of the legislature 3. Is there a trend today by the Legislativebranch to when they reaportion legislatorswho do not re- firmly assent itsrights and privileges towarda aportion themselves? stronger legislature? 4.Is there any precedent prohibitingthe legislature from delegating its powers?

31 Subject IV Hours 1 y: Ii so what are the differences? Topic Press Relations with State Government 2.Does the news media build up small unfavorable incidents in such a way as to give the legislature a bad Su-,;:zestions to the instructor: favorable actions? The state legislature. k one Othe anomalies of the 3.Does the good that the legislature accomplishes American political system. It has very few public sup- receive as much 'attention in the news media as the un- porters. Its own members sometimes turn out to be its favroable actions? most inflexible critics. The communications media are most likely to report its affairs when the matters at hand 4.When editorials are written concerning the legisla- are bizarre or when legislators are intransigent, whether ture or legislation, do the editorial writers check with the with one another or with the Governor. The public repu- state house reporters to see if they have theirfacts tation of the legislature with the people is seldom as good correct? as its actual warrant to public respect. Its contributions 5. In your opinion do you believe that the news media to significant public policy are seen more often as legisla- tenth to play up sensationalism rather than reporting tive response to the initiatives of others than as legisla- facts about the legislative process or the state govern- tive accomplishment. Its partisanship is perhaps as likely ment? to be attributed to the perversity of party members as it is to the fact that legislative parties struggle over issues 6.Is it fair to say that editorial writers tend to slant that count. Its independence is about as likely to be in- their editorials along their own liberal lines of thinking terpreted as obstinacy as itis to legislative option. Its rather than sticking to the facts? powers seldom appear commensurate with its responsi- 7.Do you believe that reporters sometimes tend to bilities. editoralize when writing about state government rather than reporting what actually happened? Subject IV Hours 1Y2 8.Should committee meetings be open to the press Topic Press Relations with State Government even during the taking of a committee vote? If yes, why? The communications media and the legislature: If No, why not? Practical application of press relations with the Gen- 9.Some states allow reporters to be present at all eral AssemblyDirector of Legislative Press. committee meetings even at the time that a vote is taken State House reporting and press relations does this produce better legislation or are some legis- Speaker lators swayed by the presence of the press and thus vote Application of T. V. to the world of politics other than they might have done had the press not been present? Speaker 10.Do you believe that state reporters have a differ- The place of radio in Politics ent view of the legislative process than does the editorial Speaker staff because of their understanding and their close rela- Seminar Open for Discussion and Questions: tionship with the legislative process? 11. How can better relationships be developed be- Subject IV tween the news media and the legislature? QUESTIONS. 12.With the great power that the news media has for Questions to Stimulate Discussion: swaying public opinion, do you not feel that the news 1.Is the relationship between the state house re- media of this country has a great moral responsibility to porters and the legislature different from the relationship report the factual news rather than swaying public opin- of the editorial writers and the legislature? ion along lines of liberal or conservative thinking?

32 Subject V Hours 1Y2 His environment: a,political Topic State Legislatures and Legislators b.legislative Suggestions to the Instructor: Seminar Open for Discussion and Questions: Any soun:i assessment of the state legislature must in- chide more than the constitutional and procedural aspects of the institution: it must also consider the perspectives Subject V of individual members. Until recently most writing on QCESTIONS. state legislatures seldom analyzed the attitudes, self-perceptions, and individual roles of members. Rather, the Suggested Questions to Stimulate Discussion: focus was on broad institutional features: constitutional 1. How often does the !egislature meet? provisions, legislature procedure, party organization, and 2.What are special sessions the like. Many recent discussions of state legislative ac- How often called? tivity have likewise ignored the individuals role and have How often used? instead sought to explain the legislative output through examination of variations in the social and economic 3.What provision is made for laws to be approved by characteristics of states. While all these approaches have popular vote? (Referendum) utility, there is serious risk of failing to grasp the essence 4.How large must a state legislature be to be ade- of a legislature if the perspective of the individual mem- quately represented? ber is ignored. 5.How small to be effective? Suggested Reading for Instructor. The State Legislator 6.How large is the House? Elenate? Should they be Book F. Pages 99-103-106-107-113-118, 123 related in size? Function? Book F. Pages 65-69 7.Is a second House really necessary? Book F. Pages 37-64 Book C. For terms that need defininf 8.Isthelegislature encumbered because of not Book Q. enough pay, not enough time, not enough help? Book R. 9.How are committees organized?

Subject V Hours 1$ 10.How important are committees to the legislative process? Topic State Legislatures and Legislators 11.What are joint committees? The State Legislator In general in the 50 states 12,How many joint committees does Rhode Island Legislators (sell-perceptions) have? what are they? The amateur legislator and social background 13.How many standing committees? What are they? Legislators as an in-group What is their importance to the legislative process? Recruitment and election Rewards and costs 14.Should they serve in the interim between sessions? Conclusions 15.How much voting takes place only party lines by proiessor In the committees? The Rhode Island House On the floor of the House or Senate? Speaker The Rhode Island Senate 16.On what issues generally? Lieutenant Governor 17.How often do party embers caucus in each House? Legislators and Legislative tasks The Legislator: 18.How binding are the caucus decisions considered His office to be? Subject \'I Topic VI Topic Lr.:islative Procedure QUESTIONS. Suggestit,ns to Instructor: Suggested Questions to Stimulate Main :stractions d. the Legislature: Discussion: The 'ourden of settling con.lict and making authorita- 1. How important a role is the legislativepower is tive rui,s for American seciety has always beenlocked assigned to the Governor? essentially within legislative jurisdiction. Any legislature, 2.How influencing is the Governor usually inselec- of course, inz.,y choose or be drivento delegate responsi- tion of legislative leaders? bilities wl:ich diminish its controlover lawmaking, but this does not c:..ange the fact that in legal, constitutional 3.Does the Majority (or Minority) floor leaderin terms latmaking is mainly, if not purely,a legislative each house act independently of the Governor?or as his task. Lawmaking is by nomeans the only function of the legislative lieutenant? state legislature, but measured by the time this activity 4.Does the legislature or its leaders, regardless is allotted, it is plainly the most important. of party, look to the Governor to initiate themost impor- Suggested Reeding for Instructor. tant bills? Book F. Page 39-97 Book G. Page 51 5.What is the Governor's veto? I3ook P. State Constitution Article of AmendmentXI How often is it usually exercised? Book C. For terms that need defining How many vetoes did the legislature override? Book Q. 6.In what ways should the legislature watchover Book R. the Governor and the Executive Department?

Subject VI Hours 1Y: 7.What is the mission of the legislature? Topic Legislative Procedure 3.:Mould legislators be permanently policy-makers for the entire state or just as representativesof their Main Functions of the Legislaturebya Professor own districts? Rules of HouseMinority Leader Rules of SenateMajority Leader 9.Do legislators veiw their jobas important? Th1/4. Legislative Process: 10.What do legislators like most about their job? Term of a regular session How laws are made 11.Should the legislature be a checkon the Governor Form the Executive Branch the Public Treasury? How introduced 12.What are the powers of the Speaker of the House Travel of Bill House and Senate and the President Pro Tem of the Senate? How enacted into law Legislative Committees: 13.Do they have this power with other individuals? What they are who? How they work House Senate Joint Committee Particanship in legislature decision making Request for issues Alterations Parties essential

34 Subject VII Hours W.: Lion of bill and summaries, recommendation of sub- Topic Cons/I:us:04c/ Limitations and Legislative Council stantive legislativeprograms, preparation of research reports -spot research," continuous study of Suggestions to the Instructor: statefi- nances budgetary review and analysis and legislative The early constitutions gave the legislature broad pos: audit.** power. There they bore witness to its high public standing. The first state constitutions simply vested -legisla- Subject VII tive- power in described bodies. The grant implied the Hours 1/2 historic sweep of authorty that Parliment hadwon ex- Topic Constitutiona: Limitationson State Legislatures cept as this was limited by vague implications to be Political Environment Limitationson the Legislature drawn from the formal separation ofpowers among legis- by professor lature, executive and courts. Legislative Council Between 1S64 and 1SSO thirty-five new constitutions Organization were adopted. Distrust of the legislatur: was thepre- Purpose dominant characteristic of all of them. Provisionswere What it does added limiting the authority, thus constitutionalprovis- What it accomplishes ions regulating railroads, business practices,trust, etc. Bill Drafting were added limiting the authority. By ISSO the pattern What it is for state constitutions as legal codes, andas obstructions How it is accomplished to the free exercise of legislative power, was clearly set. Research: The general pattern of limitations todayare as follows: What is involved (1) prohibit the legislature from enacting specifiCkinds How it is done of legislation (2) impose detailed requirementsconcern- Publications of Legislative Council by ing legislative procedure (3) settle questions thatwould ordinarily be handled through legislation and, (4) estab- Seminar Open for Discussion and Questions: lish the initiative and referendum, permittingvoters to participate directly in lawmaking. Subject VII The Rhode Island General Assembly is authorizedto QUESTIONS. "continue to exercise the powers they haveheretofore exercised," the powers which it heretofore exercisedwere Suggested Questions to Stimulate Discussion: those granted by the original charter of 1663. 1.How broadly is the state legislator's authorityde- Some limitations in Rhode Island: State bond issues fined in the state constitution? exceening 550,000 must be referred to thevoters for ap- 2.Are there any court interpretations of thepower proval. Vo:ers' approval must be had before itmay of the legislature? ;:lee.ge r.ne .)t-te to underwrite payment of theobligations 3.What restrictions, constitutionalor judicial have outei authorities in any amount. Home rule amend- been imposed upon the legislator'spower to tax and meat while setting up "Home Rule," still provides for spend? restrictions.Provisions for amending the constitution 4.Are there other limitations other thanconstitu- provides for voter approval. tional placed upon the state legislators? 5. Legislative Council Any restrictions as to introduction andconsidera- tion of local legislation? Legislative Councils are major staffagencies of their 6.Does the Legislative Counciloperate on a biparti- legislatures doing for them some of the kindsof research san basis? int:, technical feasibility, effectson interests and other 7.Is drafting of laws either for themajority or min- iegislative considerations that the hyperactivecommittees do for the United States Congress. ority party held up to giveone party an advantage over the other? Amor.g the services usually considered appropriate for S.How do you protect the individual legislator legislative councils when are these: reference library facilities* he requests a bill be draftedso that no other legislator bill drafting, statutory revision,legal counsel for legis- can copy his idea? lators, preparation of bill and law summaries, recom- 9.Is there much demand for the publicationsof the mendation of substantive legislativeprograms, prepara- Legislative Council?

*Provided by the State Library **Provided by the Staff of the House FinanceCommittee

35 36 in the Governor's budget, Hours for that year as contained Subject VIII. and report, insofar as practical, onail deviations between Topic Reapportionment Finance the estimated revenues andthe actur.1 collections; together with tae regt.la: Sug;:estiont, to the Instructor: (2) review all expenditures, decision in the BAKER case and supplementaryappropriations made for such years, The Supreme Court's between the appropriations precipitated suits in the courtsof a large majority of and report on all.deviations all deviat:or.s the constitutionality oflegislative ap- made ivr such years, and report on states challenging actual expenditures. Such re- portionments. In most ofthese cases the courtsfound the appropriations and the port shall also provideinformation on the quantity and the existing apportionments tobe unconstitutional. legislatures were adopting quality of the servicesrendered for the amounts ex- At the same time that state shall be reduced insofar as apportionment laws in aneffort to comply with the one pended, and such information Supreme Court practical to an evaluation ofperformance based on ap- man, one voteprinciple adopted by the amendment propriate standards andobjectives; in a majorityOf them were seeking an would exempt to the UnitedStates Constitution that (3) review the state'sindebtedness and capital im- one house of thelegislature from that requirement. provement programs: In Congress the same washappening, the amendment revising or amending previ- which would (4) recommendations for was known asThe Dirksen Amendment, ously enacted public and generallaws involving the of a state to approve appor- have permitted the voters expenditure of public funds; tionment of one legislativehouse according tofactors (5) advise the financecommittee of the House of Rep- other than population. the state's finances Reapportionntent will affectintraparty as well as in- resentatives on matters pertaining to and to make recommendationsfor improving the opera- terparty power. restricted in ting efficiency and economy ofthe various departments In Rhode Islandthe largest cities were either and agencies of the state government; the number of legislatorswhich they could send to twenty-five in the IIouse the finance committee of house six in the Senate and (6) prepare and submit to been no matter how manyadditional seats they have the House of Representatives and toits members follow- entitled to hold on basisof population. Thisdiscrimina- ing the submission of the annualbudget by the Governor, of its relation was more obviousin the Senate because but prior to its enactment, ananalysis of all proposed tively small size. than it wasin the House. Yetcuriously revenues and expenditureswith recommendations for which it was the House ratherthan the senate formula revi:ions. Rhode Island. came undersharpest judicial attack in (7) prepare and submit tothe finance committee of Results of reapportionmentin Rhode Island suburban analytical report on any the House. Between them the House of Representatives an gains were largely confined to legislation proposingnew or expandedservices by the four of the older cities Providence, Pawtucket, Woon- costs which may be involved: House, state with estimates of any .socket, and Central Fallslost ten seats in the of the state's fastest (S) prepare and submit tothe finance committee of while Warwick and Cranston, two analytical reports on all growing suburbs, were gainingeight seats between them. the House of Representatives proposed state bond issues withestimates of debt service In the Senate the oldercities registered gains which par- dele- tially offset their losses inthe House. Providence's and operating costs involved; eight, and gation, for example,increased from five to (9) prepare and submit reports on anyaspect of the Pawtucket's from two to three.The sparsely populated state government oritsfinances whichthe finance towns, on the otherhand, lost seats in bothHouses. committee of the House ofRepresentatives may require Role andFunctions of Fiscal AdvisoryStaff The Fiscal Advisory staffcomprises three professional Suggested Readipl for Instructor. attached to the HouseFinance people or technicians Book G. Page 89-101 Committee who advisecommittee members on all as- including mostly the raising and Book F. Page 70-86 pects of state finances, Artcile V. and VI. and spending of public funds. Book P. State Constitution Specifically, the law states thatit shall be the duty amendments thereto Finance of of the fiscal assistantof the committee on Book C. For terms thatneed defining the House of Representatives,with the approval of the Book Q. chairman thereof, to: by the state in the Book R. (1)review all revenues received made Book E. last complete fiscal year,together with the estimate

36 37 Subject IX Hours 1/ Subject IX Hours 1./.: Pressure Groups of ',ie.. Lobbyist Topic Lobbyist Topic The Need end Effectivene,s The Need and Fifectiveness of theLobbyist Pressure- Groups The leibbyist as seen through the eyes ofthe educator Su;.,testions to the Instructor: by professor bad press, that ac- I: the politicians have received a What they do by a lobbyist The very term corzio.i to lobbyists has been even worse. How they help by a lobbyist "lobbyists.' has conjured up visi.ons of thespokesman for special:I.terestscoil:win:: legislatorsinhallways and Pressure Groups lobi:ies attempting to influence their votes, moreoften By a university professor who teaches laborrelations through material rather than philosophical means. Practical application of labor relations AFL-CIO Secretary Lobbyists in reality perform a new kind of representa- diversified society to State Labor Director tion. They permit gcvernment in a Seminar Open for Discusiion and Questions: adapt, to communicate, to coordinate. Asis pointed out by Lewis Anthony Dexter in his book,HOW ORGANI- WASHINGTON, ZATIONS ARE REPRESENTED IN Subject IX :ley are exercising nothing morethan a special, inten- QUESTIONS. sive :!xercise of the right of petition." Suggested Questions to Stimulate Discussion: Government benefits from the detailed studiesof particular ;)ieces of iegithttion and subject areaswhich they 1.What are the advantages of a lobbyist? 2.Does the lobbyist serve a useful service tothe in- 1:1ztaci, not only is labor's influence a vitally dividual legislator? imp.ir:unt element in the legislaturebutmore import- Is there a problem in lobbying ofconflict of in- antly to legislators al.d otherpoliticianstabor counts 3. in elections. It would be wrong to saythat labor unions terests? get anything they wantyetin the long run labor's po- 4.Is there an abuse of the lobbyingprivilege? litical effectiveness in the state has becn greatenough to What economic and social interests seem tobe legislation in the S. give it some of the most liberal labor most strongly entrenched inthis state? country. 6.Which are most vulnerable? Suggested Reading for Instructor. 7. What pressure groups are most activeand effective? Book G. Page 36 regulated Book 0. Page 221 Pressure politics 8.To what extent are the pressure groups Book C. For terms that need defining by state law?

I 38 38 Subject X Hours 1;12 Su.4gcsted Reading for Instructor; Ext.:aive Department Book R. Book Q. Suggestions to the Instructor: Book 0. For terms that need defining. Althol:g1; the states ray differ widely in the traditions and their activities, in every case a Governor is provided Hours 1Y2 to serve as head of the Executive Branch of the govern- Subject X ment. The roll of the ExecutiveDepartment in State Gov- The Governor has heavy demands made upon his time ernment. byprofessor . and energy, and unless he withdraws himself from society, What functionit plays and what duties are as- he is likely to be on the go from morning until night signed to it. every day of the week. by The Governor's Office- byGovern& or designee The major functions of the Governor are as follows: The Lieutenant Governor'sOffice (1) making of appointments and removals, (2) super- by Lieutenant Governor vision of administiation (3) Overs?eing of financial matters (4) granting of pardons and paroles (5) legislative Secretary of State by Secretary of State leadership control (6) military authority and (7) rela- Attorney General's Office by Attorney General tions with the national government and other states. Other Departments Appointed by Governor: State constitutions follow :he national constitution in Executive Department requiring legislative acticro public funds can be Department of Administration spent, hence it is often sacs: that the purse strings arc Devatment of Business Regulation are in the hands of the legislature. There is a great deal Department of Community Affairs Department of Education more to state finance than merely passing appropriation Deputment of Employment Security and revenue measures. However, if there is to be order Department of Health rather than chaos some provision must be made for pre- Department of Labor paring a budget; after the legislature has authorized Department of Mental Health, expenditures and gone home, an efficient financial system Retardation and Hospitals Department of Natural Resources erquires a considerable amount of supervision to see that Department of Social and Re- the provisions of the budget are observed. habilative Services Department of State Library Our state's General Laws provide that it is the respon- Services sibility the Governor to prepare his budget and submit Board of Elections it to the House of Representatives, where it is sent to Personnel Appeal Board State Auditorium Commission .-iouse Finance Committee. The Governor must also Department of Transportation provide funds to finance that budget by some form of Seminar Open for Discussion and Questions: tax program. Liet-enant Governor: Subject X _ne Lieutenant Governor is chosen in the same manner and MI:St :.assess the same general qualifications of the QUESTIONS. Governor. it might be supposed from the title that he Suggested Questions to Stimulate Discussion: would be charged with assisting the chief executive, but this is not the actual situation in most instances. The 1.Can the Governor commit the State Government to Lieutenant Governor succeeds to the post of Governor in major policies and decisions without the consent of the cases where the person elected to that position dies or is legislature? entirely incapactiated; he may take over the responsi- 2.Can the Governor's role be considered alone? Or bilities of the office temporarily if the chief executive has is his position tied in a set of relationships to other posts to absent himself from the state for any purpose though of the governmental and political system. this is not always the case. 3:Does the Governor have an advantage over the The chief function of the Lieutenant Governor is to legislature in that being elected by the whole state he serve as presiding officer of the Senate, and hence he is may speak for the whole state? ordinarily occupied in public duties only during the ses- 4.Would a four year term for the Governor give him sion and at other times during the year for short periods. a better chance to develop his policy leadership out of

39 What part does the Governor havein formulating his experience and to formulate hisideas about adminis S. state policies? tration better? 9.W'hat are the functions of and theduties of the S.The Governor, being elected at statelevel, does national level? Secretary of State? he ever play an important roll on a Should the Secretary of State be anappointive Should the Lieutenant Governorplay more of a 10. 6. office rather than elective office. roll in State Government? Should Governor and LieutenantGovernor be Should his job be a full time jobthe same as the 11. 7. grouped as one on ballot? Governor?

40 Subject XI Hours ly; United States and of their respective states which they take an oath to uphold. They must take into account the Topic Judiial Department laws passed by Congress inasmuch as a federal statute Saggestions to the instructor: takes precedence over state enactment ... most of the Rosco Pound in his classic introduction to the Philos- cases which a state court has to decide involve the stat- ophy of Law enumerated four "ends of the law" which utory law of the state, common law, or equity. Occasion- were not necessarily consistent with one another. These ally executive orders .issued by the Governor may apply ends were (1) to keep peace in a given society, (2) to and it is at least conceivable that the provisions of an uphold the social status quo and maintain general se- interstate compact might come up for application in a curity- through the security of social institutions, (3) to certain case. make possible the maximum of individual free self-asser- tion, and (4) to make possible the satisfaction of wants." Suggested Reading and Reference for Instructor. Evaluation of any particular legal system depends in Book Q. large part upon the relationships between the system's Book R. objectives and the functions it performs in practice. Eval- Book 0. For legislative terms that may need defining. uation may hinge also upon the social class, status, or income of the observer, for courts present different faces Subject XI Hours 17/2 to differently situated viewers." Topic Judicial Department How important are state courts in delineating the law? Theory of the Judicial System and Explanation by Two facts are basic. The first is that, in the complex one of the professors. The makeup of courts in the state. system of government we adopted, most questions of 1.Supreme Court private law were left to the states. The national govern- 2.Superior Court ment had almost no part in establishing or developing 3.District Court the law of property, contracts, wills, personal injury, or 4.Probate Courts damages. The second is that within the states it was often by Professor the courts rather than the legislatures that actually form- Practical application of the Judiciary and its functions ulated such law. in State Government. For the scope of judicial power, state and federal, ref- by one of the Justices of the Court erence is made to the historic opinion in Baker vs. Carr Seminar Open for Discussion and Questions: in 1962. Three myths have remained prevalent over the years in the :ulklore of :.he judicial process. One is that the Subject XI roles judges is confined to finding the law and that QUESTIONS. they save no ..ower to formulate policy or to exercise 1.What is the scope of state judicial power today? personal discretion in disposing of cases before them. 2.Has the expansion of the federal judiciary materi- second myth, the antithesis of the first, is that ally inpaired or restricted the power of state and local judges sera ad-:,owerful in the forumlation of policy. courts to resolve social, economic, and political conflicts arising within their state? The third :-.2yth of the judicial process, the myth of 3.How do judges decide cases? efficacy, is more harmful than either of the first 4. How much discretion do they have? two. This myth assumes that knowledge about what the 5.Are cases resolved speedily or do congested court law is tells us also how people will behave. calendars produce delays resulting in denials of justice? The analyst who surmounts these myths of the judicial 6.What steps can be taken to enhance fairness, equal- process still has much to learn about the HOW and ity, and speed in judicial administration? WHY of judicial policy making. For recognizing that 7.What has Rhode Island done? . judges are all-powerful in the formulation of policy. S. What are the goals, strengths, and limitations of develop oew policies while observing the tradition of courts as mechanisms for social control? adhering to precedent and that they need the existence 9.Could some functions traditionally performed by of a consensus or the potentiality for coercion if their courts be transferred to other agencies for more effica- decisions are to be effective does not explain HOW they cious and expert disposition? make policy or WHY courts rather than legislatures 10.Are judges part of the political machine? have been the sources of specific policies. 11.Can courts be wholly independent of politics? State courts arc bound by the constitution of the 12.Are judges appointed or elected in Rhode Island? Suggested courses of stateaction HoursI j'-'J Subject X11 Suggested courses of localaction Reform and Their Future Topic t.;isla..ures How to get the job done Suggestions to the Instructor: Sources of information Important changes aretaking place in matelegisla- Suggestions for procedure meeting in general Speaker tures. Since 1965,the procedure of adopted by 34 states,cocks of session annually has been Seminar Open for Discussion: ethics have been adopted orstrengthened in 17 stales, formal studies of rulechanges have beenconducted in thirty-four states, legislativecompensation has been in- facilities have Subject XII creased in 40 states,and new legislative QUESTIONS. been approved in seven states. Suggested Questions toStimulate Discussion: however, are still operatingunder Would it be necessary tochange the Constitution Many legislatures, in 1. inefficient and sometimesarchaic conditions. Even legislature, for instance, byadopting the that can to improve the states which havemade changes there is more Model State Constitution? upgrading the legislaturesis be done. The alternative to recommended in the Model of author- What specific change is the abandonment of oursystem of decentration 2. ity a: the federal level. State Constitution? What are the changes mostimportntot to the legis- There is a limited amount totime in which to bring 3. about a full transformationin the quality andeffective- lature? ness of statelegislatures. 4.Is improved staff necessaryin Rhode Island? nation depends to a great extent improved in Rhode Island? The well-being of our 5.What services can be upon providing statelegislatures with the opportunity to Is there adequate spacefor the legislature? develop an effective response tothe increasing challenges 6. increase in salary of today's world. 7.How can Rhode Island get an Suggested Reading for Instructor: for the legislature? Book F. Pages 154-161 Are our sessions longenough? a. What alternatives Book M. Pages 1-9 S. could be suggested to presentsessions in regard to num- Book T. Pages 1-20 ber of days? spirit of the legislature 9.How can the moral and Hours 1Y2 Subject XII be improved? Reform and their Future be changed from two to Topic State Legislatures 10.Should the term of office The future importance of statelegislatures four years? employees of the legislature Avenues to change 11.How should full time Reform be appointed? as a political patronagejob Models for chance a. on merit bi-cameral legislature b. been reduced to six uni-cameral legislature 12.The committees having by Professor .... could improvement be made by having both a majority and minority legaland research staff for each com- Legislative Modernization mittee? Constituted aspects be considered in Rhode Legislative procedure 13.Should pre-filing of bills The changing needs oflegislators Island? The legislature and itspublic relations Electronic voting is desirable,why has it not facilities 14. Legislative staffing and research been adopted in RhodeIsland? Modernizing state government devices could help to im- 15.What other electronic A look at the need prove thelegislature? Utilizing the public resourcesof the states

42 GENERALSUGGESTIONS TO INSTRUCTOR Introduction. actual learning effort than those of the instructor. It is The task of instruction is at once challenging and important to remember that interns' questions, puzzle- might even be irustrating. The great majority of the menu., and problems are far more important to their interns come with an insistent desire to leant and since maximum learning than the instructors questions. Don't they come from different colleges and universities, their answer the questions or problems too soon, you might backgrounds and their educational outlook will be diff- actually prevent interns from solving problems by pro- erent and they will have had no practical experience. viding the answer too soon. Mcnte/ Attitude. S. The instructor is a guide. The essential relation- The attitudes of both the instructor and the interns ship of the instructor to the intern is that of a guide to are very important to the amount and quality of the the practical application of what he has already learned. results obtained in the intern program. Don't begin to Bridges to Reality. ;:pologize iron: the ;first. If you preface your initial in- For the interns you must provide bridges between the struction with, Im not much good at this," or -I'm work of the classroom and the practical reality of polit- new at this business.- etc., the interns are likely to adopt ical life. This can be accomplished by bringing into your a similar attitude. Don't forget, they might believe you, course of instruction exhibits of such things as General anti thus expect nothing from the intern program. Re- Laws, Bills, Resolutions, etc. They should have actual member you have important EXPERIENCE and per- contact with the Governor, Leaders and Judges. Also haps training you have a great deal to offer, otherwise draw upon your own wide personal experience for illus- you would not have been selected as an instructor. trations and examples. 'Orient your instruction to the practical, tangible things Suggestions. of StateGGNVInment, the theoretical side they will already have had at the University. In the first meeting of the interns it might be wise to have the interns introduce themselves and tell something Objectives. about themselves, especially any experiences related to There are certain objectives that we hope to accomplish the intern program and their reasons for enrolling. as a result of this intern program. Don't keep these a This will usually give you a quick and sketchy ap- secret; let the interns in on them. praisal of the intern group. Or ifit seems wise you Think the objectives for each subject through care- could have them fill out personal data sheets for the hilly. Interns will also have objectives. Each intern is same purpose. here for a reason. He has ambitions which this program may help him attain. He has questions for which he Lecture vs Discussion. Experience has shown that the lecture method is likely hopes to ant' answers. You need to discover why interns to be more efficient in time but may be less efficient in decided 1.,.Je involved in the program and what they hope to acl.ieve, as a result. learning. It will be more relaxing for the internsto drowse while you drone. Nevertheless, the lecture is a Lcarni.:g Process. legitimate and valuable method of instruction, if used Your ...,struction will be improved if you understand with an understanding of its limitations. something of the process by which people learn. Certain We would suggest that the program be set up with conditioas ar? ii:evitable and essential to desirable learn- lecture and discussion on each topic. ing. Some of the more important arc described below. Discussion will secure more intern involvement. The 1. Learnii..g is individual and personal. Even though instructor must establish a climate which is permissive you (let). with a group, remember each learns by himself and relaxed enough that the interns will feel free to offer in his own way. questions, comments and opinions. 2.Learningist.nactiveprocess. Interns cannot Good discussions depend upon provocative, stimula- master the content of your instruction without actively ting questions and topics which are related to real prac- dealing with the ideas and concepts, using the facts and tical applications and experiences. information and applying them in a practical way. When instructors operate as discussion leaders, they 3.Learning depends uponpastexperience. The must be able to assist the orderly movement of the dis- learning will have meaning only as you are able to join cussion, screen out the non-pertinent or diversionary the interns classroom material with practical experience. comments, stimulate anew when things bog down, foster 4.Learning is concerned with purposes. Both the wide participation and summarize. instruct:.; and the intern have purposes or goals; how- A frustrating problem is the unresponsive group. Act- ever, the interns' purposes are more important to the ually the fault may be at least partially yours. You may

43 43 have set the dkcussion C'ondusions: be moving toll fast. Or you may This guide does not pretend to be acomplete treatment is,the interns may not seethe too abstratly. That in such a short space,however, it seeks to apply some practical implication.; of thetopic. instruction and learning leave discussion to rJ.'ancc. of the established principles of Succesfut ins:P.:whys do not it attempts to stimulateinstructors They carefully provide the necessaryclimate, work to such problems and to examine criticallytheir instructional practices. hard to construct topicswhich are stimulating and con- tinually. strive to improvediscussion leader skills.

SUGGESTEDREADING MATERIAL K. "STATE CONSTITUTIONALPROVISIONS AFFECTING A. "KNOW* YOURGOVERNMENT" LEGISLATURES" by Legislative Council Citizens Conference on State LegislaturesResearch Report B. "UNDERSTANDINGYOUR LEGISLATOR" May 1967 Legislative k7tunicil INVESTIGATIONS-A SURVEY AND LEGISLATIVE TERMS" L. "LEGISLATIVE C. "GLOSSARY OF RECOM MENDATION" by Legislative Council National Legislative Conference Committee onLegislative D. "TERMS OF OFFICEOF ELECTED OFFICIALS" Rules Council of State Government 1963 by Legislative Council M. "LEGISLATIVE MODERNIZATION" E. "FISCAL NOTES" A Report of the Committee onLegislative Modernization by Legislative Council F. "STATE LEGISLATURESIN AMERICAN POLITICS" of the Council on State Governments by Alexander Heard N. "STRENGTHENING THERHODE ISLAND LEGISLA- Sept. 10-13-1967 The New England Assembly POLITICS" TURE" G. "STATE LEGISLATURESIN NEW ENGLAND by Charles Tautillo The New England Center forContinuing Education An Eagleton Study and Report H. "MODERNIZING STATEGOVERNMENT" 0. "NEW ENGLAND STATEPOLITICS" Committee for Economic Development policy committee July 1967 by Diane Lockard Statement by the research and P. "RHODE ISLAND MANUAL" I. "MODERNIZING STATEGOVERNMENT" THE UNITED STATES" Chamber of Commerce of the UnitedStates 1967 Q. "GOVERNMENT-POLITICS IN J. "COMPELATION OFRECOMMENDATIONS PERTAIN- by Zink ING TO LEGISLATIVEIMPROVEMENT IN THE FIFTY R. "THE 50 STATES ANDTHEIR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS" STATES" by James W. Fester 1967Knopi, ' Citizens Conference on StateLegislatures April 1967

SUGGESTED READINGFOR STUDY AND RESEARCH

ASSIGNMENTS IN State Local Government WORKS USED FOR READING State and Local Governments. New INTERMEDIATE, AND ADVANCED 1. Adrian, Charles R. IN f RODUCTORY. GOVERNMENT AND York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1960. COURSES IN STATE AND LOCAL 2.Mitau, G. Theodore.State and Local Government: Politics INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS* and Processes.New York: CharlesScribner'sSons, 1966. Duane. The Politics of State and LocalGovern- TenMost Frequently MentionedWorks) 3.Lockard, ment.New York: The Macmillan Company, 1963. Snider, Clyde F., and S. K.Dove. American State and Local Introductory Course Government by 4. Burns, James M., and JackW. Peltason. Government.New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1965. 1. Hall, Inc., 1966. States and Their Local Gov- the People.6th ed. New York; Prentice 5. Fesler, James W., ed.The50 Maddox, Russell W., andRobert F. Fugay. State and ernments.New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1967. 2. Press, 1962. City Politics. Loco: G.vernments.Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand 6.Bamield, Edward C., and James Q, Wilson. State and Local Governments.New Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965. 3.Adrian, Charles R. Viet. From the York: McGraw-Hill BookCompany, 1960. 7. Elazar, Daniel J. AmericanFederalism: .I Capitol Courthouse, and ity Hall:Read- 1966. 4.Morlan, Robert L. State. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, Government.3rd ed. Boston: Hough- 8.Morlan, RobertL.Capitol Courthouse, and City Hall: in Anze:ican State and Local Boston: ton Mifflin Company,1966. Readings in American State and LocalGovernment. Nihau, G. Theodore. Stateand Local Government: Politics Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966. 5. Sons, 1966. State and Local and Processes.New York: Charles Scribner's 9.Maddox, Russell W., and Robert F. Fugay. Snider, Clyde F., and S. K.Grove.American State and Governments.Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand Press, 1962. 6. 1965. Local Government.New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Ogg, Frederick A., and R. OrmanRay.Essentials of Amer- 7. 9th ed. ed. William H. Young, Ap- State Government ican National Government, Jacob, Herbert, and Kenneth N. Vines,eds. Politics in the pleton- Century - Crofts, 1963. 1. Redford, Emmette S., David B.Truman, Alan F. Westin, American States.Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1965. 8. United and Robert C. Wood.Politics and Government in the 2.Fesler, James W., ed.The 50 States and Their Local Gov- York: Harcourt, Brace, and World,Inc., 1963. ernments.New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1967. States. New Intergovernmental Relations March Advisory Commission on Crew,RobertE.,Jr. State Politics: Readings on Political M-44. 3. Inc., t' 1969 - An Information Report Elements of Behavior.Belmont Cal.: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 9.Ferguson, John H., and Dean F.McHenry. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-HillBook 1966. American Government. 4.Committee for Economic Development.Modernizing State Company, 1964. New York: Committee for Economic Development, James W., ed.The30States and Their Local Gov- Government. 10. Fesler, July, 1967. ernments. NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1967.

44 44 5. Lockard, Duane. ThePolitics of State and Local Govern- ment. Politicsand Administration. New York: The New York: Tie NI:tent:Ilan Company, i963. cue. Inc., 1961. Free Press of Glen- 6. Mitau, G. Theodore.State and Local Government: Politics 9. and Processes. New Coulter, Phillip B., ed.Politics of Metropolitan Areas: Sel- York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966. ected Readings.New York: Thomas Y. Crowell 7. Nlacidox. 1:11eel! \V.. and Robert F. Fugay. Company, 1967. State and Local 10.Greer, Scott.Governing the Metropolis.New York: John Governments.Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand Press.1962. Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1962. S. Heard. A:esander, ed.State Leg:slatures in American Politics. Edgewood Chas. N. J.: Prentice-Hall,Inc., 1966. Intergovernmental Relations 9.Nleni.i, Frank,ed. American State Politics: Reading 1. Elamr, Daniel J. Comparative Analysis. for American Federalism: .1 View From the New York: Thomas Y. CrowellCompany, Stales. New York: Thoinas Y. CrowellCompany, 1966. 1966. 2.Graves, W. Booke. 10. American Intergovernmental Relations: Elazar, Daniel J.American Federalism: .4ViewFrom the Their Origins, Historical Development,and Current Status.New States.New York: Thomas V. CrowellCompany, 1966. York: Charles Scribner's Sons,1964. 3.Goldwin, Robert A., ed. Local Government A Nation of States: Essayson the American Federal System.Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1.Adrian, Charles R., and CharlesPress. 1963. America. 3rd ed. Governing Urban 4. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company,Inc., Bollens, John C.. and Henry J.Schmandt.The Metropolis: 1965. Its People, Politics, and EconomicLife.New York: Harper and 2.i3anfield. Edward C., and James Q. Row, Publishers, 1965. Wilson.City Politics. 5. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1965. Wildaysky, Aaron, ed.American Federalism in Perspective. Bollene.. John C., and Henry J.Schmandt.The Metropolis: Boston: Little, Brown and Company,1967. Its People. Politics, and EconomicLife. 6.Riker, William H.Federalism: Origin, Operation, New York: Harper and cance. Signifi- Row, Pub:ishers, 1965. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,1964. 4.Dahl, Robert A. 7.Wheare, K. C. Who overns? Democracy andPowcrin Federal Government.London: Oxford Uni- an American City.New Haven: Vale University versity Press, 1953. 5.Williams, Oliver P., and Charles Press, 1961. S.Martin, Rascoe, C. Press, eds.Democracyin The Cities and the FederalSystem.New Urban America.Chicago: Rand McNally and York: Atherton Press, 1965. 6.Blair, George S. Company, 1961. 9. American Local Government.New York: Greene. Lee S., and a S.Parthemos.American Govern- Harps- and Row. 1964. ment:Policiesand Functions.New York: 7. Sons, 1967. CharlesScribner's Danielson, Michael N., ed.Metropolitan Politics: A Reader. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,1966. 10.Ebenstein, William, C. HermanPritchett, Henry A. Turner, 8.Banfield, Edward C., ed. and Dean Mann. Urban Government: A Readerin American Democracy in WorldPerspective.New York: Harper and Row,Publishers, 1966.

45 45 A13131211\A. DT\I AN EVALUATION OF THE RHODE ISLAND INTERNSHIP PROGRAM AND A THESIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL by Edward G. Warren Political Science 294 Dr. Cornwell

The Rhode island State Government Internship Pro-most productive segment. Perceptive questions were often gram is a well intentioned effortby the Rhode Island answered in an effective common sense fashion, but at Legislature to inform college students of its method of other times speakers were evasive and prone to offer operation. Unfortunately, from an educational standpoint platitudes. Some speakers seemed to want to protect the it suffers from a lack of academic perspective and coor- -innocence'. of the students by nut stating openly the dination of subject material. While the 1970 procedures ways in which practical politics is carried out at the were, I understand, much moreorganized than ever be- state house. This became increasingly irksome to the fore, there is still room for improvement. In this short students for as the semester progressed all realized that critique I shall discuss both the 1970 program and sug- state house politics was by no means virtuous or idealistic. gestions forthe revision of the internship course in Yet many speakers were unable to recognize the aware- future years. ness of their audience. While the student-interns were interested in learning 119w the legislature really operated, The 1970 Formal some of the legislators seemed unwilling to discuss any- As set up for 1970, the internship program consisted thing but the theoretical aspects of state government. of ten or eleven' lecures given on Monday afternoons The one man who above all maintained his rapport between 3 and 5 P.M. In addition to these group meet- with the students was Oliver Thompson. As moderator ings, each student was assigned as an intern to a mem- he was superb and the brief insights he gave to the ber of the legislature, a legislative committee, or to an students at the end of a lecture often were more signifi- executive office. cant and certainly much more stra:ght forward than the The Meetings: remarksofthenon-acadonicguestlecturers.Mr. aeMonday afternoon sessions were the core of the Thompson's wide experience in the operation of the legis- program; most were good, while some others were poor. lature and his keen interest in studying methods for the ingredient in the sessions was the perception of improvement of state legislatures in general, made him the level of the students' knowledge on the part of the an invaluable part of the internship program. guest speaker. The more knowledgeable the speaker,the As for the actual -intern' aspects of the program, the Letter he understood the nature of today's students. For results varied widely. Some students were ignored for the example, those sessions in which the interns were ad- most part by their sponsors; at best they were an annoy- dresedi.ythe Governor, representatives of the news ing responsibility to their legislators. Many interns com- media, or state party chairmen proved to be the most plained of being given little to do. This was not due to a valuable. On other occasions, the speakers were partisan, lack of interest by legislators, but rather because much inarticulate, and defensively argumentative. There was of the work of some legislators (i.e. party leaders, com- a noticeable "generation gap" in severalinstances and, mittee chairmen, etc.) simply cannot be delegated. Stu- one c.Juld say, an -academic gap" when speakers re- dents in this situation had few real responsibilities. Their peatedly made the same basic statements about the "internship" consisted of observing and perhaps talking structure not the functioning of state government. on occasion with their sponsor about his duties. In con- Since the format of each session (one academic speaker trast, full-time state employees who served as sponsors for 15 minutes and two politicians for 15 minutes each) like Mr. DeNuccio, Advisor to the House Finance did not vary, often the same examples were cited over Committee could devote a good deal of time and effort and over again. After the first three or four sessions in to the education of their student- interns: Thus for some which the leading politicians, media men, labor leaders, students the program was quite successful while for others etc. spoke 'die talks became monotonous through repe- it was boring, and marked by a declining interest at the tition. end of the semester. In all sessions but particularly those near the end of As for my own participation in the internship pro- the semester, the question and answer period was the gram, I was fortunate to work with the Legislative

4646 Council. Since there was much activity and a large stall would permit more open discussion among the students in this office 1 was able to be of assistance in several themselves. research projects and inhe collection of data for publi- 3) The tape recording of each 1970 session was a nui- cations of the Le,;:slativ,: Council. Beyond this, however, sance, entirely unnecessary, and a factor which inhibited I was not tied ,iown to working with just one man. I guest speakers. Despite reassurances, many guests seemed worked with several people and had numerous rewarding afraid that their remarks might appear as banner head- conversations with other members of the Council's legal lines in the ProvidenceJournal the next morning. This staff. The varied knowledge I gained of the functioning practice should be eliminated. of state government was the result of working in an office of this type, an experience few of the other student- 6) During the1970session some student-interns were interns had. allowed into the Republican caucus and into some committee meetings at the discretion of the chairman. Where Recommendations jor Future rears possible this practice should be expanded in the future Essentially then the problem for the internship pro.. so that more interns can gain access to the decision mak- grain isto eliminate inconsistencies and coordinate a ing centers of the legislatures. more effective use of the potential resources at the state- house. To accomplish this goal the format of the intern- 7)The1970program would have been significantly ship program must be reconstructed. Accordingly the improved if students had been given moderate reading following recommendations are made: assignments in the week prior to a lecture on a given subject. Therefore, for1971it would be advisable to set 1) More effort should be made inselecting those up a reading list for the interns. This would give the less leaders in state government for guest lecturers who, as sophisticated student a greater understanding of the articulate speakers, demonstrate an awareness of the topics tinder discussion. Since there was a wide disparity purposes of the internship program, The internship pro- in the academic backgrounds of the students participating gram would be strengthened if there were fewer, but in the intern program, reading assignments would be a better, guest speakers; those, however, who were chosen useful and unifying factor. would have a longer time pe.lod in which to speak and hopefully more in depth discussions would be stimulated. 8) For the more advanced student-intern participation in a special project for a branch of state govern- 2) The format of the Monday sessions should be ment might give more sense of purpose to the program. changed so that on certain occasions there would be For example, the Legislative Council or a state agency solely academic lecturers while on others only public like the Department of Community Affairs might be able officials. The discussions would be more frank if each to use three or four interns working together on a special group of lecturers (academic or political) did not feel project. In my own office, the Legislative Council, the inhibited by :he presence of representatives of the other assignment of two or three more interns might have led group. to the establishment of a research committee designed 3) Perhaps ,he natural tendency of politicians cur- to produce another pamphlet in the "Know Your Gov- rently ie. ace to answer questions in a guarded manner, ernment" series published by the Council. In the last would be offset by inviting mer who have held previously couple of years the Council's activities in this area have positions in state government. For example, been relatively dormant. A research effort carried out by former Govrr:ors Roberts, Del Sesto, and Xotte might student-interns under the supervision of the Council feel less reticent in discussing how a governor attempts staff could have made a significant contribution. Similar resolve difficoit problems than would a presently serv- projects in other state offices would be not only of service Aavernor. Certainly, participation in the internship to Rhode Island but would give more espirit de corps to pn...:rain by past leaders would familiarize the current the interns themselves. Perhaps some of the negativism as with recent trends in Rhode Island's political referred to earlier (caused by a lack of meaningful work during1970)would be eliminated.

,r.accordance withthis previous suggestion,it 9)At the end of the semester the interns assigned to w.nilr. in advisable t.. expand the role of the moderator, each project should report to the whole group in a Mon- GovtThoinpson. He should on several occasions func- day session designed to evaluate the intern program and tion as a seminar leader without the presence of other its contributions. At this final meeting each student should :.,eakers. During the sessions students could evaluate be required to submit at least a two page type written freely the knowledge gained at previous Monday sessions analysis of the intern program and his participation in it. in mimich ..uvernment officials, interest group leaders, or In summation, the internship programwouldbe media representatives had participated. Such a set up strengthened by choosing speakers who are articulate, and

47 47 Week 6Subject: The Rhode isl:.ratja..icial system. of the int:tire of theaudience. The list of speniters lecturers, disculng current of importance in Speakers: Tv.o academic does r..1:..:avo to include all persons constitutional problems andhow Illey have affected the Too many spealtel.s, and toomany state :;ov..rnntent. functioning of the Rhotie islandlcal system. All interns lontiay lectures lack anycentral focus. topics me:Las the shoulC, be advised to attend asession of Superior Court limit the number of speakers;by so It wouLl be 14.:ter to (Supreme Court if possible). doing the Monday 6essionswould be more valuable and their prob- froit an educationalstandpoint. Listed below is a sug,- Week 7Subject: Rhode Island Judges for gested orderin,: of topicsand method of presentation lems, Superior Court 't eleven weeperiod: Sprakers: A Supreme Court Judge, a and the Court Administra- Government Internship Program1971 Judge, the Attorney General, Rko,tir /:.!60:::.';iate tor should be invited toaddress the group. Half hour Introduction to the problems of state and answer period. Week should be allotted for a question culture of New Eng- gc:',.einten.t. and the political Lobbies in Rhode , . .. Subject: Interest Groups and 'two ztai.c.- Week S Speak(i.s: Tw, Acvicion;iclecturers allotted 45 minutes Island Politics. hal!, hour zo be devoted to a ques- Speakers: One academic lecturerand representatives each; the rernaln; Question and Answer tion and :o'er priod;assignment of interns to their of the business and labor groups. various svInsors. period. State Subject: The pews media andits effect on Week : Problems ofRhode Island Week 9 tioveru:: at. R. I. politics. Thompson and radio commenta- Speaker.s: academic lecturer and Oliver Speakers: Journalists, television half hour allotted period. speakirg ;7; r.ivaites each. One tors. Question and Answer period. for questioA and ans\Ner Week 10 Subject: Informalseminar on the performance Island Gen- in Rhode Island. Week 3S,ebfe,:'; The role of the Rhode and effectiveness of government Speakers: Oliver Thompsonand one academic lecturer . eral Asst mhly. Speakers: Si.: 1:;;7;r.:.!rs of legisative branch drawn lead a round table discussionconcerning areas in which among 'nt: pay leaders inboth houses, reform is needed and the prospectsfor change in the representative of the staff of cc.,mmittee Rhode Island Constitution. .-.peaker should address the Legislative of the special project com- the remaining half Week 11 Subject: Reports the group foe ;:n,.1 mittees delivered to the whole group;evaluation :0'.:ceit.ens and answers. hour F.houldl!e of the internship programby the participants and future years. Ik.',:zk- 4 Subjr.e:t; tole oVehe Executive Branch. suggestionsfor improvements in Thc G,,v,?rnor and the directorsof important Two page individual reports due atthis session. state ,:.xei.utive acLjand departments. One half hour devoted to question and answe,..period. If some of the previouslymentioned recommendations by the Internship Commissionperhaps Svbject: Informal seminar amonginterns to were implemented Week 5 more Rhode Islandcolleges would permit participating evaluate information receivedfrom present office students to receive academiccredit for their work. Not holders in Rhode Island governmentat the pre- only would this be an incentivefor students of higher vious two lectures. would mean that Rhode discussion leader joined caliber to become interns but it Speakers: Oliver Thompson as Island's program would be oneof the most progressive by a former governor toanalyze the current problems :n Rhode Island in relation tothe recent past. in the nation.

48 CollegeName Address and Telephone . . S.S. InHoursYearHome what of in Addrcs., Graduation activitiesPolitical andScience have Mc:phone you or Related participated Areas that ...... Overall would be pertinent to your Major Grade Point Average selection as an intern?Minor (Both on campus er2:a r:Lwe andIndicate off campus) your preference of department of Government on assignment sent:7.spvcacc,so Os: grit Ercvac rve va tionListNominated thein your names andbehalf. andrecommended (Letters addresses should byof at be least sent two to thereferences Chairman that of you Rhode are requesting Academic honors and awards Island Government Internship Program, c/o to write a letter of recommenda- Letter attached ilocle Is Ec:std An2.1.Room interview 326 State may House, be required. Providence, Rhode Island.) E7.1GliocfiG'::ErD C.C23 r.."2 LD0 TJC.7: c ri 7a: iv)10 DescribeOn a separate briefly piece your futureof paper, plans in aupon brief graduation paragraph from or two college. explain why you CLASS SCHEDULE would like to participate in this program. PC? VC C'GI IrElo Ulfil 8:009:00 - 10:00- 9:00 MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY T . ..._... COCDrIC.11'11:2arrO 10:0012:0011:00 - 11:00- 12:001:00 JohnsonBarringtonIn01.112L5U0:1-7.f.BryantBrown & CollegeUniversity WalesCollege College 3:002:001:00 - 2:004:00 3:00 . ______- ______ProvidenceMt.RogerRhode St. Joseph WilliamsIsland College College SchoolJuniorCollege College College of Design Please X those5:004:00 periods when you have classes or other commitments.- 6:005:00 ______-- ._ . ___ _ HighVernonUniversitySalve Schools Regina Court of Rhode CollegeJuniorof the St:.:.CollegeIsland INTERNSHIPS The seminars will be devoted to the Govern- STIPEND: College interns receive a period during stipend STATEELIGILIILIuniversitymarily GOVERNMENT far, students but not who limited expect to. to college pursue The program is designed pri- car-and andmentalbersLegislators, process and journalists Judges, Lobbyists, will be invited faculty to mem- Judicial Departments. The Executive, Legislative The Governor, meet of $1C-0GovernmenttheInterns fall and and servewill spring with be for placed thesemesters.a 12 Governor's week in various office, branchesof the riersmustJournalism in Law, be enrolledGovernment, and Public in one CollegeService. of the accredited ApplicantsTeaching, betweenwith the students.guests and Round students table is anticipated.discussions administrativeLegislatureCOM(.11SSION and offices. the Judiciary as well as other collegesAIsland. seleciLd and universities program for of highthe State of school students Rhode THEThe PROGRAMProgram Rhode was initiated in 1967. Island Government Legislation to Internship Prof.Rep.Rep. ElmerRobert Lucille Cornwell, J. McKenna,A. Love, Jr., Secretary ViceChairman Chairman availablePROGRAM:is also provided each Twenty year. on a or nonstipend thirty Interns will devote two internships are basis. Theaugment purpose the programof the program was To enable students to develop knowl- passed in 1969. shall be Sen.Rep.Sen. JohnAlbert ThomasHenry P. A. Hawkins CappelliW. H. Pacheco Needham afternoonsP.M.seminar to 4:30 heldeach P.M, on week Monday for anda twelve afternoonsattend week a assigned to period. fromweekly 3 ofedge Statecourage of the Government themstructure to take and in an order procedures active to en- part in Dr.Mr. VictorDonaldArthur F. EnglishF. Profughi Shea Chairman Academic Advisory Committee ASSIGIIMEWS:Judicialmembers Departments of the Interns Executive, ofwill the be State.Legislative and ernmentalfurtherthe civic encourage service. them to enter gov- life of the State and to involving the APPLICATIONOliverFurther L Thompson, information AND INFORMATIONJr., Secretariat and application forms studentACADEMICtouniversities give at academicone STANDING: of the State.accreditedcredit The Whilefor the the intern will be a colleges orinternship decision tutionsStateThe program Legislature of higher is education. aand joint the effort participating insti- Politicalmaytions, be securedorScience by writing fromof theto: Commission on State Government the Departmentscooperating of institu- willSEMINARS:of be the determined participating A basic by institutionseach aspect institution, of do the programgive credit. most Thesentatives,ofcommission program whom shall is threeconsisting administered be from from ofthe the nine Senate House members, by a bipartisan (not moreof Repre- three StateRoomProvidence, House323 Rhode Island 02903 Internships forwillSeminars thebe a duration seminar will heldofbe the held each internship under Monday the program. direction of Administrative afternoon, Theparty),than commission two three shall appointed becooperates from by the the with same Governor. an academic political App!:cationsSpacemitted byon applicationfor internship should is provided for the be thesub- Pro- A...:iztanttheCommission. Facility to theAdvisor Je:nt Committeeand the on in his capacity as secretariat to the Legislative bercommitteeof from the participatingeach on interns Political consisting institutions. Science of one mem- Department gramnominationsity Coordinator where and applicant recommendation at the is studying. of College or Univer- APPENDIX III 1

XA_V; t-":

Rhode Island State GovernmentInternship Program

Z."1-14-1in in rertifg that the about nanub inbluibuulparliriputtb as a Optimum in 14liztbe Island Dial: Ontrernnunt into:141pVragriun for Or year 10

Chalrman Secretor/

iI Rhode Island State GovernmentInternship Program

1; Ellin is to rertifg Oat 11re about nancebtniituibuaL parliripatth an an inttrn to :11. MlIsult Island attar Ointerinnent Intel-nifty ti tirnsrant far tlit gear 19

Gitelman Secretary

51 APPENDIX IV VICTOR L. PROFUGHI B.S. in Ed., Indiana University of Pa., Indiana Pa., 1959; M.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1963; Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 1967.

Associate Professor Rhode Island College, 1970 ; Director, Robert A. Taft Institute of Practical Politics.

1967-1970--Political Science Consultant, Providence, R.I.Public Schools; Academic Coordinator Rhode Island State Government Internship Program; 1966- 1967Chairman, Nonpartisan Committee for Home Rule Charter Action, Smith- field, R. I.; 1965-1966Legislative Policy Committee, Pa. Civil Liberties Union: 1964-1966Policy Committee, Congressman N. Neiman Craley, Pa. V

,11PPENDIXV Coraments: Some pitfalls did arise out of the mechanical opera- self this was good, bta it proved to be a problem to the tion of ;Ito plan. rho Hearing Room that we first used speaker %vim had been invited. We could 11::olly him seemed too formal for the interns, thus we changed to a. to come and sit and say nothing (particulady if no one Committee Room this seemed to satisfy the interns but asked him a question). We plan to distributethese here again, we found that the room was too small for after the lecture rather than before, from now on. all the interns. Next, we moved to a room with ample The basic plan provided for one-hall hour for ques- capacity. This proved to be the best for we could create tions. This does not seem to be adequate, so inthe an informal atmosphere and group theinterns. We future, we will cut down on the time of the speakers and found that the seating arrangement must be conducive open up more time to the interaction between interns and to keeping attention, and provide for an informal seating speakers. During this question period the moderator arrangement. must be firm and keep questions germane to the issue being discussed. For the purpose of distributing the lectures to the Most of the Colleges and Universities that participate interns, we transcribed them. This proved to be a deter- in the program give academic credit; some GI the changes rent (real or imaginary) to the speakers and the interns. we made from the basic plan was to accomplish a bal- The feeeling was that speakers would not be free in their ance between the academic and experienced view point. talks but guarded, and the interns the same with their We have included comments by Edward G. Warren, questions, fear being that what they said would be re- an intern in the first intern session, after we adopted the leased to the press. As a result, there will be no more basic plan. Comments such as his, and from all interns taping of the intern seminars. were instrumental in changing our format to what it is From the recordings we provided a manuscript of all today. We have not implemented all the suggestions nor the lecturers for use at the next intern session. This we have we discarded them either. found was good as it allowed the students to be pre- Because our plan includes graduate, undergraduate and pared for the seminars, but it also proved to be a prob- selected High school students, a great interest has been lem for the intern who read the lecture it proved to generated inthe plan by students to accomodate be repetitious for him and thus he had a lack of interest. more, we plan to consider two different levels of the All he wanted to do was to ask questions. In and of it- seminar plan.

APPENDIX VI k.o. L. Thompsor, Jr. in the Town of Barrington, Mr. Thompson served as a Oliver :.. mpson, Jr. (Ann E.), (6 children), Ad- member of the Council for 4 years, and became its presi- ministrattet ,...w.:stant to the Joint Committee on Legis- dent for a second 4 year period. During this time, the lative of the Rhode Island Legislature and Sec- Town of Barrington developed from a small country retariaz. the Rhode Island Government Internship town to a surburban residential bedroom community, ant; Program:s1formerLegislator, andformer House :he basicbuilding regulations and zoning r..ulations Minority Lead,:. of the Rhode Island House of Repre- vitally important to a community intransition were sentatives1962-70. formulated. Tax assessments were equalized, and many of Born in Denver, May 26, 1910, Mr. Thompson was the basic principles contributing to the strong govern- educated at Regis Prepartory School, and attended Prov- ment of the Town of Barrington were revamped and idence College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, reorganized. i,nd Boston University where he was a member of Law During his term of office as President of the Town Review and received a Juris Doctoris Degree in 1935. Council, Mr. Thompson was stricken with polio, and was During World War II, he served with the Yale Medical Unit of ',he Army in L'ae South Pacific for 3% years, elected to the Rhode Island House of Representatives in .1956, walking with the aid of crutches. and returned to establish a life insurance business, fol- 1.ow,..d shortly by a. real estate and insurance business, Basing his career in elective office on the premise that Bri::., and Thompson, Inc., Realtors and Insurance, in the "best politics is good government" he engaged whole- Barrington, Rhode Island, a business in which he still hear7.dly and conscientiously in the working of State remains active. Gove:.1ment, and quickly became a leader and favorite F:rst elected tu public office in 1948 as a Councilman on bush sides of the aisle. He became Deputy 'Alinority

53 f FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY of Since 1976, m:o appoin..m..ot to ;lie position ,;ad ilectnw Minor :d'Floor 1.e;.:1.'r :r. Administrative Aide to the1.egi:!at,..tre._\1r. Thornp:-ot, ithod;. in the is lase has been respom-ible forthe I( ve:oanc.:; of the l',Lria;. :he !erio,: 0: in the House of an ims hummer:tide Island Governmentinterniiip itonT.so:-. served on Lecturer in Political Science atRhode is- in comm.-64)a withHouse :at Adjunct committues and commissions land College. Under histutela:;e, the internship program House judiciaryCommittee, meamership, notal,:y the has developed into aclear cut prGgram, alongeducational Committee on LegislativeAffairs, with prac- the l'er,ia.ner..,. joint lines, coordinating weekly sem:na: provam Council, the Commission onInterstate of the Lei.,i,.latie. the House ticalapplication inthe various departments Coopemtion, theCommittee to Reapportion bee :: recognized nationally Study Government. The program has and the Senate, theGovernor's Task Force to foremost programs 0: itskind in the coun- Committee as one of the juOicia: System, andthe Joint Legislative interest youth in careers ingovernment \ssembly,to name try striving to studying the operationsof the General : in law-making processes.He has leisiator and leader he was arepresentative and active participation a few. As a written and developed a basicintern plan for establish- Council of StateGovernments and has served on to the Na- ment of this kindof program. the Committee onSuggested State Legislation, Committee of an article on Govern- tional Legislative RulesCommittee, and the He was recently co-author member of the Programs published in theCouncil of on InterstateCooperation, He has been a ment Internship Commerce, Government, civarterly. Hehas Legilative Committeeof the Chamber of State Governments State Insurance Agents Association,and a spoken before the ProvidenceRotary Club, and partici- the Rhode isiand study program as alecturer, menther of its Boardof Directors, theNew England pated in their Government Association, and the GreaterProvidence the New EnglandRegional Conference Mutual Agents a Participant at Improvement. at the Realtors, and theRhode IslandRealtors on NewsNIedia and Legislative Board of participa- Citizens Conference onState Legislatures. He Association. Environmental Professionally, he has been amember of the Provi- ted in the NationalSymposium on State Realtors Board of Directors,President Legislation, and the symposiumworkship on land use, in dence board of dcipant in the Florida Island Association of RealEstate Boards, Washington, D. C. He was a pa; 01 the Rhode of Legislative Improvement: the Rnvde Island RealtorsAssociation, and a member News Media Conference on National for Human Resourcesand Re- the board of Directorsof each. He has been a the Arizona Conference Association of Real Estate habilitation at the Universityof Arizona: and theNew Direct()of the National the Urban of the RealtorsWashington England RegionalAssembly on The States and Ikards, and a Member Massa - he was a member,and later Crisis, at the Lincoln Centerof the University of t'onnnittee. Until 1970 Taft Institute of Govern- the East. Shore AdvisoryBoard of the In- chusetts and the Robert A. c,1.,. .man of Island College. He is amember of the \ divrial National Bank ofRhode Island. ment at Rhode Government Committee,and a has been president ofthe Bristol County Associa- National Students in wide variety Center for Public ServicePro- tion of InsuranceAgents, and a member of a member of the National and of civic and social, aswell as veterans associations, grams. Barrington. Mr. is a member of St.Luke's Church in Who in New England,Who's both He is listed in Who's Thompson is a popular andwell known speaker on Politics, and the Dictionaryof Inter- subjects, and has written Who in American politicaland professional national Biography. many publishedarticles.