Iberian and Latin American Studies Department of Modern Languages and Cultures School of Languages, Linguistics and Film Queen Mary University of London

HSP6009/COM6009 THE AND ITS AFTERMATH 2019-2020

Prerequisite: HSP 4203, COM101 or equivalent Assessment: One 1500-word essay (40%) and one 2500-word essay (60%). Organiser: Dr Patricia D’Allemand

Course Description This course examines the historical background to the Revolution and the profound impact that this first major revolution of the twentieth century (1910-1917) had on the society and culture of modern Mexico. It focuses on the ways in which Mexican artists, writers and intellectuals responded to and engaged with the processes the revolution unchained. The course will look at Mexican Muralism and the writings of authors such as José Vasconcelos, Octavio Paz, Juan Rulfo, Elena Poniatowska and Carlos Fuentes.

Course Schedule Week 1-2 Historical Introduction to the Mexican Revolution Set Texts: Adrian Bantjies’ ‘The Mexican Revolution’ (Extracts) and ’s ‘El Plan de Ayala’ (The Plan of Ayala’) [available in QMplus] Week 3-4 José Vasconcelos and the Cultural Policy of the Post-revolutionary State Set Texts: La raza cósmica. Misión de la raza iberoamericana (The Cosmic Race/La raza cósmica and Adrian Bantjies’ ‘The Mexican Revolution’ (Extracts) [available in QMplus] Week 5-6 Art and Revolution: the Muralist movement Set Text: José Vasconcelos’s ‘La pintura mural’ ('Mural Painting') [available in QMplus] Week 7 Reading Week Week 8 Art and Revolution: The Muralist movement Set Texts: David Alfaro Siqueiros’s and ‘Manifesto of the Union of Workers, Technicians, Painters and Sculptors’ and ‘Manifesto of the Union of Workers, Technicians, Painters and Sculptors’ [available in QMplus] Weeks 9-10 Cultural memory, popular imaginary and the de-mythification of post- revolutionary discourse (Part One) Set Text: Juan Rulfo’s El llano en llamas / The Burning Plain [Students need to buy their own copy in advance of week 9. Any edition available is acceptable Weeks 11-12 Cultural memory, popular imaginary and the de-mythification of post- revolutionary discourse (Part Two) Set Text: Elena Poniatowska's Here is to You Jesusa / Hasta no verte Jesús mío [Students need to buy their own copy in advance of week 11. Any edition available is acceptable

Essay Deadlines

Essay one must be submitted on Sunday 10th November 2019 by 23: 55.

Essay two must be submitted on Sunday 19th January 2020 by 23: 55.

READING LIST

1. Set Texts

Bantjies, Adrian A., 2011. ‘The Mexican Revolution’. In Thomas H. Holloway, ed. A Companion to Latin American history. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell (available in QMPlus).

Zapata, Emiliano, 1911. ‘The Plan of Ayala’. In Gilbert M. Joseph & Timothy J. Henderson (eds.), 2002. The Mexico Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 339-341. (Available in QMplus).

Vasconcelos, José, 1958. La raza cósmica. Misión de la raza iberoamericana (The Cosmic Race/La raza cósmica. Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press, 1997 [1925]). (Available in QMplus).

_____, 1958. ‘La pintura mural’ ('Mural Painting'). Section of ‘El departamento de Bellas Artes’, De Robinson a Odiseo. In Obras Completas. México: Editores Mexicanos Unidos, pp. 1674-1678 (Copies of original and translation available in QMPlus).

Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 1921. ‘Three Appeals for a Modern Direction to the New Generation of American Painters and Sculptors’. In Dawn Ades, 1989. Art in Latin America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 322-323 (Available in QMPlus).

_____ ‘Appeal to the Proletariat’, 1924. In Dawn Ades, 1989l Art in Latin America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 324-325 (Available in QMPlus).

Siqueiros, David Alfaro et al. ‘Manifesto of the Union of Workers, Technicians, Painters and Sculptors’, 1923. In Dawn Ades, 1989. Art in Latin America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 323-324 (Available in QMPlus).

Rivera, Diego et al, 1928. ‘Protest of Independent Artists “30-30”’. In Dawn Ades, 1989. Art in Latin America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp.325-326 (Available in QMPlus).

T.G.P. ‘Declaration of Principles of the People’s Graphics Workshop [T.G.P.], 1937. In Dawn Ades, 1989. Art in Latin America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp.326 (Available in QMPlus).

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Rulfo, Juan, 1978. El llano en llamas (The Burning Plane and Other Stories). [Students need to obtain their own copies in advance of week 9. Any available edition is acceptable.

Poniatowska, Elena, 2002 [1969]. Hasta no verte Jesús mío (Here's to You, Jesusa!). Students need to obtain their own copies in advance of week 11. Any available edition is acceptable. Please note that a digital edition of the original in Spanish is available for kindles and iPads. A Penguin edition of the translation is available in Amazon].

2. Recommended Reference Text

Easterling, Stuart. The Mexican Revolution. A Short History 1910-1920. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2012

3. Further Reading

Ades, Dawn, 1993. Art in Latin America: The Modern Era 1820-1980. New Haven/London: Yale University Press. pp. 322-324 and chapter 7.

Aguilar Camín, Héctor, and Lorenzo Meyer, 1994. In the Shadow of the Mexican Revolution: Contemporary Mexican History, 1910-1989. Translated by Luis Alberto Fierro. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Alonso, Ana María, 2004. ‘Territorialising the Nation and Integrating the Indian: Mestizaje in Mexican Official Discourses and Public Culture’. In Thomas Blom Hansen and Finn Stepputat. Sovereign Bodies: Citizens, Migrants and States in the Postcolonial World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 39-60.

Anderson, Benedict, 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

Arango L., Manuel Antonio, 1981. ‘Aspectos sociales en tres cuentos de El llano en llamas de Juan Rulfo: "Macario," "Nos han dado la tierra" y "Es que somos muy pobres"’. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 375: 627-634.

Baddeley, Oriana & Valerie Fraser, 1989. Drawing the Line: Art and Cultural Identity in Contemporary Latin America. London: Verso. pp. 79-87.

Bakewell, Peter, 2004. A History of Latin America. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2nd ed., pp.463-477.

Barash, David P. and Judith Eve Lipton, 2011. Payback: Why we Retaliate, redirect Aggression and Take Revenge. Oxford: OUP.

Bantjes, Adrian (1998). ‘Agrarian Reform in Sonora’. As If Jesus Walked on Earth: Cardenism, Sonora and the Mexican Revolution. New York: SR Books, pp. 123-150.

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Barnitz, Jacqueline, 2004. Twentieth-Century Art of Latin America. Austin: Texas University Press.

Bartra, Roger, 1992. The Cage of Melancholy: Identity and Metamorphosis in the Mexican Character. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Basave Benítez, Agustín, 1992. México Mestizo: análisis del nacionalismo mexicano en torno a la mestizofilia. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Bazant, John, A Concise : From Hidalgo to Cárdenas 1805-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bell, Lucy. 'The Death of the Storyteller and the Poetics of (Un)Containment: Juan Rulfo's El llano en llamas'. In The Modern Language Review 107: 3 (2012): 815-836.

Benjamin, Thomas. Revolución: Mexico’s Great Revolution as Memory, Myth and History (Austin: 2000)

Boldy, Steven, 1986. ‘Authority and Identity in Rulfo’s El llano en llamas’. In MLN Hispanic Issue 101 (2): 395-404.

_____ , 2002. The Narrative of Carlos Fuentes: Family, Text, Nation. Durham: University of Durham.

Bloom, Harold (eds.), 2006. Interpretations: Carlos Fuentes’ The Death of Artemio Cruz. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.

Brading, David, 1985. The Origins of Mexican Nationalism. Cambridge: Centre of Latin American Studies.

Brody, Robert, 1982. Carlos Fuentes: A Critical View. Austin: University of Texas, 1982.

Brooks, Linda Marie, 2005. 'Testimonio Poetics of Performance'. In Comparative Literature Studies 42 (2): 181-222.

Browdy de Hernandez, Jennifer (ed), 2005. Women Writing Resistance: Essays on Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.

Burton, J., 1973. 'A Drop of Rain in the Desert: Sonmething and Nothing in Juan Rulfo's "Nos han dado la tierra"'. In Latin American Literary Review 2 (3): 55-62.

Campbell, Federico (ed), 2002. La ficción de la memoria: Juan Rulfo ante la crítica Mexico: Era.

4 Carranza, Venustiano, 1913. Plan de Guadalupe. In: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexican-revolution/guadalupe-plan.htm Castro-Klarén, S. Molloy & B. Sarlo (eds.), 1992. Women's Writing in Latin America: An Anthology. Boulder: Westview Press.

Chanady, Amaryll, 1998. ‘La reterritorialización de los temas “universales” en la narrativa de Juan Rulfo’. En Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos XXI (2): 253-264.

Chasteen, John, 2001. Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Chevalier, Michel, 1836. Lettres sur l’Amerique du Nord. Paris: Ch. Gosselin.

Coffey, Mary, 2004. How a Revolutionary Became Official Culture: Murals, Museums, and the Mexican State. Durham and London: Duke University Press.

Dickerman, Leah and Ana Indych-López, 2008. Diego Rivera: Murals for the Museum of Modern Art. New York: MoMA.

Diego Rivera: A Restrospective. New York/London: Hayward Gallery/W.W. Norton & Company, 1986.

Doremus, Anne, 2001. ‘Indigenism, Mestizaje and National Identity in Mexico During the 1940s and the 1950s’. In Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 17 (2): 375-402.

Ellis, Keith, 1998. ‘El uso de polaridades de experiencia en los cuentos de Rulfo’. Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos, 22 (2): 359-369.

Ferris, Kate, 2012. ‘A Model Republic’. In America Imagined. Explaining the United States in Europe and Latin America, edited by Alex Korner et al. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 51-79.

Fowler, Will, 2002. Latin America 1800-2000. London: Arnold.

Franco, Jean, 1970. The Modern Culture of Latin America. London: Pall Mall, pp. 69- 82.

_____, 1989. Plotting Women. Gender and Representation in Mexico. Mexico: NY: Columbia.

Frank, Patrick, 2004. Readings in Latin American Modern Art. Yale University Press. pp. 86-99

Fraser, Howard M., 1988. ‘“Inframundo”: Juan Rulfo’s Companion to El llano en llamas’. Chasqui: Revista de Literatura Latinoamericana 17 (2): 56-74.

5 Fuentes, Carlos, 1962. La muerte de Artemio Cruz (The Death of Artemio Cruz). (Any edition available is acceptable).

Fuentes, A. ‘Battleground Women: and Female Soldiers in the Mexican Revolution’. in the Americas 51: 4 (1995): 525-553.

Genette, Gérard and Marie Maclean, 1991. 'Introduction to the Paratext'. In New Literary History 22 (2): 261-272.

Giacoman, Helmy, 1971. Carlos Fuentes: variaciones interpretativas en torno a su obra. Buenos Aires : Las Américas.

Gilbert M. Joseph & Timothy J. Henderson (eds.), 2002. The Mexico Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Durham: Duke University Press. Gilly, Adolfo, 1983. The Mexican Revolution. London: Verso.

Goldman, Shifra, 1980. Mexican Muralism: Its Social-Educative Roles in Latin America and the United States. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Gordon, Donald K. 1976. Los cuentos de Juan Rulfo. Madrid: Playor.

Govier, Trudy, 20002. Forgiveness and Revenge. Oxon: Routledge.

Gracia, Jorge E., 2011. Forging Peoples. Race, Ethnicity and Nationality in Hispanic American and Latino Thought. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Graham, Richard, ed., 1990 The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870-1940. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Gugelberger, George M. (ed), 1996. The Real Thing: Testimonial Literature in Latin America. Durham and London: Duke University Press. (Contains essential reading on Latin American Testimonial).

Gyurko, Lanin A, 1982. ‘La muerte de Artemio Cruz and Citizen Kane: A Comparative Analysis’. In Carlos Fuentes: A Critical review, ed. Robert Brody and Charles Rossman. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 66-94.

_____, 2006. ‘Structure and Theme in Fuentes’ La muerte de Artemio Cruz’. In Carlos Fuentes’ The Death of Artemio Cruz. Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations, ed. Harold loom. New York: Chelsea House. pp. 5-18.

Hack, Daniel, 2006. 'Revenge Stories in Modern Life'. In Victorian Studies 48(2): 277-286.

Haddox, J.H., 1971. Antonio Caso, Philosopher of Mexico. Austin: Texas University Press.

Hamnett, Brian, 1999. A Concise History of Mexico. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 264-274.

6 Hancock, Joel, 1983. ‘Elena Poniatowska's Hasta no verte Jesús mío: The Remaking of the Image of Woman’. Hispania 66 (3): 353-359.

Hart, John Mason, 1997. Revolutionary Mexico. The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Hodges, Donald & Ross Gandy, 1979. Mexico 1910-1976: Reform or Revolution? London: Zed Press.

Hurley, Teresa, 2003. Mothers and Daughters in Post-revolutionary Mexican Literature. London: Támesis.

Jackson, Alana, 2011. 'Language, Identity and Images of Ageing in Juan Rulfo's El llano en llamas'. In Acculturating Age: Approaches to Cultural Gerontology, ed. Brian J. Worsfold. Lleida: University of Lleida, pp. 281-297.

Jaén, Didier Tisdel, 1997. The Cosmic Race. John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.

Jiménez de Báez, Yvette, 1990. Juan Rulfo, del páramo a la esperanza: Una lectura crítica de su obra. Mexico: El Colegio de México.

Jones, Jeannette Eileen & Patrick B. Sharp, 2010. Darwin in Atlantic Cultures: Evolutionary Visions of Race, Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge.

Jordan, Michael S., 1996. 'Noise and Communication in Juan Rulfo'. In Latin American Literary Review 24: (47): 115-130

Jorgensen, Beth Ellen, 1994. The Writing of Elena Poniatowska: Engaging Dialogues. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Joseph, Gilbert M. & Timothy Henderson, 2002. The Mexico Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Durham & London: Duke University Press.

Kerr, Lucille. 'Gestures of Autorship: Lying to Tell the Truth in Elena Poniatowska's Hasta no verte Jesús mío'. In MLN 106: 2 (1991): 370-394.

King, John (ed), 2004. Modern Latin American Culture. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 23-49.

Knight. Alan. The Mexican Revolution. Cambridge: CUP, 2 volumes, 1986.

____ ‘Mexican Peonage: What Was It and Why Was It?” Journal of Latin American Studies 18 (1986): 41-74.

____ 'The Mexican Revolution'. In History Today 30: 5 (1980): 1-14. Available online in http://www.historytoday.com/alan-knight/mexican-revolution

_____ ‘The Mexican Revolution: Bourgeois? Nationalist? Or Just a Great Rebellion? In Bulletin of Latin American Research 4: 2 (1985): 1-37. In:

7 http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3338313?uid=3738032&uid=2129&u id=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21100653263216

_____ ‘Peasants into Patriots: Thoughts on the Making of the Mexican Nation’. In Mexican Studies 10:1 (1994): 135-146

_____ ‘The Myth of the Mexican Revolution’. In Past and Present 209 (2010): 223- 273.

_____ The Mexican Revolution. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: OUP, 2016

Krauze, Enrique. 1997. Mexico. Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996. Translated by Hank Heifetz. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Kushigian, Julia A., 1987. 'Transgresión de la autobiografía y el Bildungsroman en Hasta no verte Jesús mío'. In Revista Iberoamericana 53 (14): 667-677.

Larsen, Neil, 1986. 'Más allá de lo ''transcultural'': Rulfo y la conciencia histórica'. Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 22 (2): 265-271.

_____, 1990. 'Juan Rulfo: Modernism as Cultural Agency'. In Modernism and Hegemony University of Minessota. pp. 49-71.

Leal, Luis, 1983. Juan Rulfo. Boston: Twayne, chapters 3 & 4.

Leverette, True, 2008. ‘New Americans: Race, Mixture and Nation in the Work of Jean Toomer and José Vasconcelos’. In South Atlantic Review 73 (3): 61-85

Lillo, Gastón & Leandro Urbina (eds), 1998. Juan Rulfo entre lo tradicional y lo moderno. Special Issue of Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos, XXII (2).

Lindstrom, Naomi, 1994. Twentieth-Century Spanish American Fiction. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Linhard, Tabea Alexa, 2005, Fearless Women in the Mexican Revolution and the Spanish Civil War. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.

Lippman, C., 1976. 'Memory and Freedom in Rulfo'. In Southwest Review 61 (2): 193-199.

Lomnitz Adler, Claudio. 1992. Exits from the Labyrinth: Culture and Ideology in the Mexican National Space. Berkeley: University of California Press.

______, 2001. Deep Mexico, Silent Mexico: An Anthropology of Nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

8 López, Kimberle S. ‘Internal Colonialism in the Testimonial Process: Elena Poniatowska’s Hasta no verte Jesús mío’. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Moder Literatures 52: 1 (1998): 21-39.

Lucie-Smith, Edward, 2004. Latin American Art of the 20th Century. London: Thames and Hudson, chapter 3.

Luis-Brown, David, 2008. Waves of Deconolization: Discourses of Race and Hemispheric Citizenship in Cuba, Mexico, and the United States. Durham: Duke University Press, chapter 3.

MacLahlan, Colin M. And Jaime E. Rodríguez, 1980. The Forging of the Cosmic Race: A Reinterpretation of Colonial Mexico. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Madero, Francisco I., 1910. Plan de San Luís de Potosí. In: http://staff.4j.lane.edu/~hamill/americas/ayala.htm

Manrique, Linnete (2016). ‘Dreaming of a Cosmic Race: José Vasconcelos and the Politics of Race in Mexico, 1920s-1930s’. In Cogent Arts & Humanities 3: (1): 1-13. Available in https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311983.2016.1218316

Marentes A. Luis, 2000. José Vasconcelos and the Writing of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Twayne Publishers.

Markiewicz, Dana, 1994. The Mexican Revolution and the Limits of Agrarian Reform: 1915-1946. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher.

Martín, Marina, 2001. 'Espacio urbano y espacio ''psíquico'' en Jan Rulfo. In Revista Hispánica moderna 54: (1): 126-139.

Martínez, María Inés, 2003. 'Lenguaje oral y marginalidad en Hasta no verte Jesús mío'. In Confluencia: Revista Hispánica de Cultura y Literatura 18: (2): 112- 124.

Martínez-Echazabal, Lourdes, 1991. 'Testimonial Narratives: Translating Culture While Narrowing the Genre Gap'. In: Translating Latin America: Culture as Text. Translation Perspectives. New York: State University of New York at Binghamton. pp. 57-65.

Martínez Olcoz de, Nieves, 1998. 'Silencios que matan: el cuerpo político en Hasta no verte Jesús mío de Elena Poniatowska'. In Letras Femeninas 24 (1/2): 9-21.

Meyer, Jean. La Revolución Mexicana. Mexico: Tusquets, 2003.

Meyer, Michael C. and William Beezley, 2000. The Oxford History of Mexico. Oxford: OUP.

9 Miller, Marilyn Grace, 2004. The Rise and Fall of the Cosmic Race: The Cult of Mestizaje in Latin America. Austin: Texas University Press.

Mitchell, Stephanie Evaline and Patoence Alexandra Schell, 2007. The Women's Revolution in Mexico 1910-1953. Lanham & New York: Rowman & Littlefied Publishers, Inc.

Mora, Gabriela, 1991. ‘El ciclo cuentístico: El llano en llamas: caso representativo’. Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana, 17 (34): 121-134.

Morris, S. D., 1999. ‘Reforming the Nation: Mexican Nationalism in Context’. In Journal of Latin American Studies 31 (2): 363-397.

Ocasio, Rafael, 2004. Literature of Latin America. Westport: Greenwood Press.

Olcott, Jocelyn. Revolutionary Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico. Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2006.

Parkinson Zamora, Lois, 2006. The inordinate Eye. New World Baroque and Latin American Fiction, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago press, chapter.

Pavón, Alfredo, 2003. ‘Itinerario de El llano en llamas. Texto Crítico Nueva época 13: 247-253.

Paz, Octavio, 2008. El laberinto de la soledad. Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, pp. 131-199. (Also available in English translation).

Pick, Zuzana, 2010. Constructing the Image of the Mexican Revolution: Cinema and the Archive. Austin: University of Texas Press. Piñeiro Iñíguez, Carlos, 2006. Pensadores latinoamericanos del siglo XX: ideas, utopia y destino. Buenos Aires: Instituto Torcuato di Tella. Poniatowska, Elena. Las soldaderas. Women of the Mexican Revolution. El Paso: Cinco Puntos Press, 2014. Rama, Ángel, 1975. ‘Una primera lectura de “No oyes ladrar los perros”’, Revista de la Universidad de México 29 (12): 1-8. Richmond, Douglas. ’s Nationalist Struugle 1893-1920. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.

Reinhardt-Childers, Ilva, 1991. “Sensuality, Brutality, and Violence in Rulfo’s Stories: An Analytical Study.” Hispanic Journal 12 (1): 69-73.

Riding, Alan. Mexico: Inside the Volcano. London: Coronet, 1989.

Rivera, Diego. Olga’s Gallery. In: http://www.abcgallery.com/R/rivera/rivera.html

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Rochefort, Desmond, 1993. ‘Rivera and Orozco in the 1930s: Re-envisioning Nationhood’. In Mexican Muralists: Orosco, Rivera, Siqueiros. N.pl.: Laurence King Publishing, pp. 88-130.

Ruffinelli, Jorge, 2000. 'Juan Rulfo'. In Concise Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature, ed. Verity Smith. Oxon: Routledge, pp. 554-556.

Rowe, William, Rulfo: El llano en llamas, 1987. London: Grant and Cutler/Tamesis. (Although the title of this book is in Spanish, the text is in English).

Rowe, William and Vivian Schelling, 1991. Memory and Modernity. Popular Culture in Latin America. London: Verso.

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Shaw, Donald, 2005. 'The Presence of Myth in Borges, Carpentier, Asturias, Rulfo and García Márquez'. In A Companion to Magica Realism. London: Boydell & Brewer, Tamesis. pp. 46-54.

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Skidmore, Thomas & Peter Smith, 2005. ‘Mexico: the Taming of a Revolution’. In Modern Latin America. New York/Oxford: OUP [6th edition], pp. 254-274.

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_____, 1996. 'Sin secretos'. In Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana 36: 135- 53. (Available in translation in Gugelberger 1996).

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11 Steele, Cynthia. Politics, 1992. Politics, Gender and the Mexican Novel 1968-1988: Beyond the Pyramid. Austin: University of Texas Press. Sanderson, Steven, 1981. Agrarian Populism and the Mexican State. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Shaw, Donald. 1996. ‘Jesusa Palancares as Individual Subject in Elena Poniatowska’s Hasta no verte Jesús mío’, Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 73 (2): 191-204.

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_____ The Cosmic Race/La raza cósmica. Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press, 1997 [1925].

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_____, 1992. 'Testimonio y concientización'. In Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana 36: 207-27.

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The Mexican Revolution in Literature

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Fuentes, Carlos, 1962. La muerte de Artemio Cruz. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica

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Guzmán, Martín Luis, 1960. El águila y la serpiente. In: Antonio Castro Leal. La novela de la revolución mexicana. México: Aguilar, vol 1, pp.157-491.

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Rulfo, Juan, 1978. El llano en llamas. Barcelona: Planeta

The Mexican Revolution on Film

Fernando de Fuentes , 1935. Vamonos con

Carmen Toscano de Moreno, 1950. Memorias de un mexicano

Roberto Galvadón, 1956. La Escondida

Paul Leduc, 1971. Reed: Insurgent Mexico

Gregorio Rocha, 2003. Los rollos perdidos de Pancho Villa. Available in : http://www.moviewatch.in/external.php?title=Los+rollos+perdidos+de+Pancho+Villa &url=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5kaXZ4bW92aWVzaGFyZS5jb20vZmlsZS5waHA/ZmlsbT 00NTU5NjY=&domain=ZGl2eG1vdmllc2hhcmUuY29t&loggedin=0

Jack Conway, 1935. Viva Villa!

Sergei M. Eisenstein, 1931. Que Viva Mexico!

Reference Reading: Key Terms Dictionaries

Baldick, Chris. Dctionary of Literary Terms. New York: OUP, 2008.

Braham, Peter. Key Concepts in Sociology. London: Sage Publications, 2013

Childs, Peter and Roger Fowler. The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Terms. London & New York, 2006.

Edgar, Andrew and Peter Sedgwick. Cultural Theory. The Key Concepts. London and New York, 2002.

Heywood. Key Concepts in Politics. Howndmills & London: 2000.

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