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Queer Readings of Frozen's Elsa

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Queer Readings of Frozen's Elsa THAWING THE SNOW QUEER: QUEER READINGS OF FROZEN’S ELSA by Leïla Matte-Kaci B.A., McGill University, 2014 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Children’s Literature) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2019 © Leïla Matte-Kaci, 2019 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: Thawing the Snow Queer: Queer Readings of Frozen’s Elsa submitted by Leïla Matte-Kaci in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Children’s Literature Examining Committee: Margot Filipenko Co-supervisor Rick Gooding Co-supervisor Kathryn Shoemaker Supervisory Committee Member Additional Examiner Additional Supervisory Committee Members: Supervisory Committee Member Supervisory Committee Member ii Abstract One of the highest grossing animated films in history, The Walt Disney Company’s film Frozen tells the story of Queen Elsa, a young girl with secret magical abilities which she cannot reveal for fear of being seen as a monster. The story of Elsa’s struggle seems to have resonated particularly well with some audiences as the children’s film has amassed a large queer following over the years. Indeed, many fans have adopted the film’s now famous song “Let It Go” as a “coming-out” anthem. The erotophobia surrounding discourses of childhood has made the queer study of works of literature and film aimed at children more difficult and therefore rare. In this analysis, I seek to rectify this fact by looking at Frozen, and more specifically its main character Elsa, with a queer lens. To do so, I use Alexander Doty’s theory of queer reading, Clare Whatling’s “looking lesbian” strategy, and Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity. I, here, aim to question heteronormative assumptions in this adaptation (queer reading), unveil its possible lesbian desires (“looking lesbian”) and deconstruct the idea of gender (gender performativity) within the film. Results of my analysis show that Frozen can be read as queer. Intertextual knowledge of Idina Menzel’s career (the actress behind Elsa) and of the history of the monster figure in film (especially the lesbian vampire) allows for a queer reading of Elsa. Moreover, a closer look at the film’s use of the symbol of the door, both in the animation and in the text, reveals that Frozen’s narrative journey for Elsa can be summarised as a “coming-out” story, the doors representing the metaphorical closet door. Furthermore, my examination of Elsa’s gender performance shows that the Disney character exhibits iii an exaggerated display of femininity reminiscent of the gender performance of a Femme. Finally, Elsa’s independence from men and her close ties to her sister contribute to giving the film a queer feel. iv Lay Summary In this study, I examine the Walt Disney Company’s movie Frozen and its main character Elsa and argue that the film can be read as a queer story. To this end, I analyse Elsa with the help of the reading strategies of Alexander Doty (queer reading) and Clare Whatling’s (“looking lesbian”), two reading methods which posit that a text is not inherently queer or straight but can be read as either; as well as Judith Butler’s gender performance theory which suggests that our idea of masculinity and femininity are socially constructed and are not traits with which we are born. My research concludes that the film can be read as queer. Indeed, Elsa’s story can easily be read as a “coming- out” narrative. v Preface The thesis is an original work by Leïla Matte-Kaci. No part of this work has been previously published. vi Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iii Lay Summary .....................................................................................................................v Preface ............................................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................x Dedication ........................................................................................................................ xii Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Statement ..............................................................................................1 1.2 Motivation ............................................................................................................4 1.3 Research Focus and Questions .............................................................................4 1.4 Significance of the Study .....................................................................................5 1.5 Chapters Overview...............................................................................................7 Chapter 2: Literature Review ...........................................................................................9 2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................9 2.2 "Looking Lesbian" and Queer Reading .............................................................10 2.3 Gender Performativity .......................................................................................11 2.4 Butch/Femme .....................................................................................................13 2.5 Femme Fatale ....................................................................................................15 2.6 Frozen and "The Snow Queen" .........................................................................17 2.7 The Villain .........................................................................................................22 2.8 Summary ............................................................................................................29 vii Chapter 3: Methodology..................................................................................................31 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................31 3.2 Rationale for Text Selection ..............................................................................31 3.3 Method of Analysis ............................................................................................33 3.4 Limitations of the Study.....................................................................................34 3.5 Glossary .............................................................................................................34 Chapter 4: The Lesbian Vampire Over the Rainbow ..................................................36 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................36 4.2 From "Defying Gravity" to "Let It Go" .............................................................37 4.3 Are You a Monster Too? ...................................................................................42 4.4 Stronger Than a Hundred Men ..........................................................................46 4.5 Conclusion .........................................................................................................55 Chapter 5: Love Is an Open Door ..................................................................................58 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................58 5.2 Come Out the Door ............................................................................................58 5.3 Conclusion .........................................................................................................68 Chapter 6: Be the Good Girl You Alwasys Have To Be ...............................................70 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................70 6.2 From Drag to Riches ..........................................................................................70 6.3 That Perfect Girl Is Gone ...................................................................................75 6.4 "Hey Mister! She's My Sister" ...........................................................................78 6.5 Conclusion .........................................................................................................80 Chapter 7: Conclusion .....................................................................................................82 viii 7.1 Past Research .....................................................................................................82 7.2 Findings..............................................................................................................83 7.3 Area for Further Research ..................................................................................88 7.4 Final Thoughts ...................................................................................................90 References .........................................................................................................................93
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