RBT II Trip Report - 2015 1

Cuba Trip Report Caribbean Endemic Birding II 2nd to 10th March 2015 (9 days)

Blue-headed Quail-Dove by Clayton Burne

Trip report compiled by tour leader: Clayton Burne

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Our second 2015 Rockjumper tour of Cuba started after breakfast when we boarded our very comfortable and spacious bus for the ride out of Havana. We made a short stop at Niña Bonita, a large roadside lake. The birding was casual, with a smattering of the typical waterfowl including American Coot, Ring-necked Duck, Lesser Scaup and Ruddy Duck. A distant Snail Kite was the only other species of interest before we headed to Las Terrazas Biosphere Reserve in Pinar del Rio Province. Logged and cleared, it was only 45 years ago that the eroded landscape was terraced and reforested with over 8 million trees, grown and planted tree by tree. We hadn't made it through the gate yet, when our local guide took us to a hidden farm around the corner instead. The first major species of the day was Cuba's national , the Cuban Trogon. A real crowd pleaser, a male kept us entertained with much vocalising and tail shaking. Flycatchers were ever-present, including the rather small Myiarchus La Sagra's Flycatcher, crescent eyed Cuban Pewee and aggressive Loggerhead Kingbird. Cuban Bullfinch played hard to get initially before we all had good views. Cuban Tody showed for some, before beating a hasty retreat; thankfully it showed incredibly well later in the morning. Cuban Green and West Indian Woodpeckers entertained with their loud vocalising and busy behaviour. The extraordinarily bright male Western Spindalis perched for extended views. However, the bird we had actually come here for was being obstructive. Cuban Grassquit is a beautiful bird and also a popular target of the caged bird trade. Persistence eventually paid off, as two small flocks containing brilliant males and slightly less bright females showed for all.

Our good start required a breather of sorts, so we headed down to the lakeside bar for a welcome ‘apertif’. Purple Gallinule showed briefly at the lake edge before we moved towards a well 'tapped' tree. A Yellow-bellied Sapsucker clung onto the Cecropia, ringing the tree with neat rows of tiny holes. Tawny-shouldered Blackbird and Cuban Blackbird were added to the list. Cuban Emerald flitted about without ever sitting still for satisfying views. We had one more species to look at before lunch; a pair of Olive-capped Warbler responded well in a nearby pine plantation. A tasty lunch of chicken and rabbit gave everyone a chance to gather their thoughts. Birding after lunch

Cuban Trogon by Clayton Burne

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allowed us some improved views of previously recorded , as well as a Western Osprey flying over the forest, fish in talons. We left Las Terrazas for the town of San Diego de los Banos for a one night stay. Having arrived relatively late, we took the remainder of the afternoon off.

An early breakfast and departure began our second day of the tour with a drive to the famous Cuevas de los Portales. The eroded limestone caves formerly housed Commandante Che and his Western Army during the 'Cuban Missile Crisis' of 1962. Our first bird of the morning was the incredibly cute Cuban Pygmy Owl. He stared at us and even vocalised in our direction before deciding we were of no use or threat to him. The main purpose of our visit though was to find the delightful Cuban Solitaire. The supreme songster was fairly easy to locate, a pair of birds offering excellent views. A little history was followed by views of roosting Jamaican Fruit-eating Bats and nesting Cave Swallows. A Cuban Emerald was found sitting on her tiny nest while we also managed to improve our views of Tawny-shouldered Blackbird and Great Lizard Cuckoo. We headed back to the hotel for an early lunch before departing for Playa Larga, situated within the Parque Nacional Cienaga de Zapata.

We arrived in time for a few hours of afternoon birding. While processing the 'paperwork', the group got excellent views of Cuban Amazon and Cuban Crow right outside reception. A short bus ride took us to our birding spot where a flock of noisy Cuban Parakeets greeted us with a flyby. Manoeuvring through the clinging undergrowth, we made our way deeper into the surrounding thicket. A Stygian Owl was found sitting quietly on its day roost. Positioning ourselves for good scope views and photo opportunities, no one noticed that a second owl was sitting right above us. Fortunately, we saw the bird and changed position, timing our movement fortuitously - for the owl made a deposit only a minute later where we had been standing. Very happy with the start, we pushed and pulled our way through the clingy vegetation until we arrived back in the palm-studded grasslands. A hollowed out palm tree turned out to be the current residence of a Bare-legged Owl. On cue, the little fellow popped up to have a quick look at us before resuming its slumber. We were side-tracked a little by two pig farmers who called loudly from the edge of a clearing, their livestock dashing in from all directions. More Cuban Crows flew overhead while we waited for dusk to fall. With the sky blackening, the first Cuban Nightjars could be heard vocalising nearby. It took a few more minutes and a pile of mosquitos to boot before our quarry sat on the road for us. Approaching quietly, we were able to enjoy a close encounter with this large eyed, longer whiskered insect guzzler. That was the end of the day, some short birding spurts and a few long drives, but another resounding success.

An early start saw us heading south east past the historically significant town of Playa Giron. The local land owner met us in the middle of the road as we approached, motioning for us to get off quickly. We dismounted at speed, making our way to the palm leaf screen that looked onto a wide Cuban Tody by Clayton Burne

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path littered with Columbids. Only Zenaida Dove were visible, alongside the usual Ovenbird and a small party of Greater Antillean Grackle. A few minutes later, we found what we were looking for; a pair of Blue-headed Quail-Dove crept quietly onto the trail for a free meal. They moved closer and closer, occasionally flushed by the aggressive Zenaida Doves, but persistent in their motion towards us. Ultimately they walked to within 10 yards of us, a spectacular sighting that was almost replicated by a single Grey-fronted Quail-Dove. Once the Blue-headed Quail-Doves had moved off the track, the Grey-fronted Quail-Dove took its place, performing a very similar 'two steps forwards, one step back' routine. It was difficult to tell if this individual got closer than the pair of Blue-headed, but it was frame filling stuff. Having sated our appetite on quail-doves, we took a short walk across the road to find the world’s smallest bird - the Bee Hummingbird. In a matter of seconds we had a male in full breeding plumage perched slightly above our eyeline. He fed and sang, fed some more, then sang a lot more. Ultimately we were able to walk away from one of the most sought-after species in the world.

Down the road we continued, trying and consequently failing to find Red-shouldered Blackbird. We did however get impressive views of Fernandina's Flicker. A pair sat apart, the female throwing bits and pieces out of her nest excavation, while the male vocalised from atop a dead palm tree nearby. A confiding Louisiana Waterthrush made it onto the list while we all enjoyed the rather attractive Common Yellowthroat. Back into the forest we went, the strong wind hampering our efforts initially. A little perseverance paid off, with very good sightings of two more Cuban Endemics, Cuban Vireo and Yellow-headed Warbler. A pile of wood Fernandina's Flicker by Clayton Burne warblers were also seen well, including Worm-eating, Cape May, Magnolia, Black-throated Blue, Black- throated Green, Yellow-throated and Prairie. We still had plenty of time to visit a nearby cove for a swim, before taking lunch at the local restaurant.

Our afternoon was spent traversing the mangrove lagoons to the south west of Playa Larga. Of the host of new species found, perhaps the bright red/pink American Flamingos stole the show. Egrets and Herons were numerous and included some interesting colour morphs - Great Blue and Reddish in both normal and white morph, as well as plenty of Snowy Egret, Tricolored and Little Blue Herons. Terns were well represented by Caspian and Royal, while a handful of Gull-billed flew passed us later on. We scoped a few waders, Short-billed Dowitcher being the most common, saw a few Ruddy Turnstone, the odd group of 'Western' Willet and concluded with a large flock of Black- necked Stilt. Clapper Rail was spotted at distance, as were a small flock of Roseate Spoonbill, before we ended the day on an endemic high note when a Cuban Black Hawk perched over the road

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to salute us on our way home.

The next day began with another early breakfast before we set off for some marshy wetlands. Chief amongst our target species was Zapata Wren, a shy and tricky inhabitant of the flooded marsh areas. A responsive individual came closer, even vocalised loudly. A few of us had short views as the bird ducked and dived through the tangled grass tussocks. Typically this would be considered a good sighting, but I have managed to get staggering sightings of this species over the years - so we watched and waited. A few more vocalisations, some repositioning and the bird came onto 'our' side of the channel. In more typical wren fashion, the bird scooted about on the ground - investigating a small hill, the grass verge and even ran across the road like a small rat. Short of having the bird in hand, you will not get a better view. Of course, we had only just started the morning - a Zapata Sparrow followed the wren into the bag only a few minutes later. A most entertaining male came to within a yard of my arm, sang a little and showed off for photos. The bird followed us about for a bit while we looked at various warblers, including Common Yellow-throat, Prairie, Black-and-white and Worm-eating.

As they day began to heat up, we proceeded to Boca de Guama, a tourist stop replete with tacky boat rides. However, the grass banks and exotic trees attract a number of resident and migrant birds. Remarkably we had not come across Cuban Oriole yet; this aberration was put to bed quickly as a few adults and a juvenile were found feeding on a Bottlebrush tree outside the 'Banos'. Closer inspection also turned up a glorious male Cape May Warbler. After a very enjoyable coffee or ice cream, we took a short walk finding a pair of Fernandina's Flicker, an Anhinga, Grey Catbird and another Worm-eating Warbler.

The afternoon saw us heading back to Soplillar with few targets left. Making use of good local knowledge, we walked a little off the trail to see a Cuban Nightjar on its day roost, the late afternoon sun warming it up nicely. Swainson's Warbler called distantly but remained unresponsive and out of sight. Worm-eating Warbler did come into view, showing its distinctively striped head. A march through the rough grasslands put us in prime position to see the local sub-species (and probable future armchair tick) of Northern Flicker working on its nesting hole. That would be all the birding for the afternoon, as tomorrow we had a long drive east and some unfinished business with Red-shouldered Blackbird to sort out.

We set off on our long drive eastwards after having a bit of a lie in. We still had to find a Red- shouldered Blackbird, otherwise we would be scoring a big fat zero on this Cuban Endemic. Leaving Playa Larga, we worked the soggy grasslands from the side of the road. There were certainly blackbirds here - we could hear them calling. That was as close as we got however; despite our efforts, we were unable to get one into Cuban Emerald by Clayton Burne

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view. Down the road we continued, the same methodology applied with the same results. We were about to run out of time when we heard more vocalising from near the side of the road. After a little sweating, two female Red-shouldered Blackbirds finally perched up for all to see. We could find no males with their red and beige shoulder patches, but in fact, it is the distinctive jet-black plumage of the females that distinguishes this species from the identical Red-winged Blackbird of North America. Much happier, we climbed back onto the bus for the long ride east to Najasa.

After a long day in the bus that included a short walk around the Che Guevara memorial in Santa Clara, we finally arrived at our destination with an hour of afternoon light left. Plain Pigeon perched up on a distant tree allowing for satisfactory scope views before we checked in. A short walk from the lodge grounds quickly produced a flock of Cuban Palm Crows, screeching distinctively as they flew overhead. We walked for another hour, doing our best to find Giant Kingbird without so much as a squeak. However, as we returned to the lodge grounds, we heard a vocalising individual nearby. Some scampering to reposition ourselves allowed for decent scope views, though the light was starting to fade very quickly. A short evening walk to locate Western Barn Owl came up blank. Three endemics over the course of the day had meant that although much of our time had been spent in the bus, we had been very successful nonetheless. Tomorrow we would endeavour to get better views of the many fantastic species here as well as make an attempt for the elusive Gundlach's Hawk.

Some of us were up early for the dawn chorus: plenty of Cuban and Cuban Palm Crows as well as the odd flock of Cuban Parakeet, nesting West Indian Woodpeckers and Giant Kingbird all heard or seen around the lodge. Post breakfast we took a sedate stroll down the dusty road finding a number of warblers that included Black-throated Blue, Black-throated Green, Cape May and American Redstart. Cuban Trogon offered stunning frontal shots, while more Giant Kingbird were seen perched on leafless tree tops. We arrived at a horse feeding stall, our sheltered perch to look for Gundlach's Hawk. There were a few moments of interest, as first Merlin and then a distant Red-tailed Hawk made quick appearances. Ultimately there was to be no confirmed sighting of a Gundlach's Hawk, the best we could manage fell into the highly likely category - a bird that flew below the horizon before any of the guides could make a certain ID. With that we headed off for the northern keys, very much looking forward to our stay at an all- inclusive hotel.

We arrived slightly ahead of schedule, put our gear away and headed out on a short walk around the hotel. It took very little time to find our penultimate endemic, the delightful Cuban Gnatcatcher. A pair flitted about, offering good views before they sank back into the thicket. A short march had us Bee Hummingbird by Clayton Burne standing on the elevated boardwalk

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across a saline lagoon, West Indian Whistling Duck teed up nicely. They were even admired by a passing holidaymaker who had no doubt walked past them many times already without noticing. Off the boardwalk and onto the final endemic that Cuba had to offer. We were initially interrupted by a juvenile Cuban Black Hawk, so habituated that we were able to take group photos and even a photo of me taking a 'selfie' with the bird in the background…. Anyhow, onto more serious matters - we needed only a few seconds to find endemic number 26, Oriente Warbler. Well satisfied, everyone headed off for a proper shower, good food and a deserved drink. Job done on the endemic front, tomorrow we would search for the remaining near endemics.

With the clocks having moved forward an hour overnight, we started birding at a reasonably late hour but with dawn still fresh. We set off to bird around a set of small caves; a thumping club by night, an excellent stake out for some special birds by day. Key West Quail-Dove showed within seconds of our arrival, with more than 6 birds showing very well at close quarters ultimately. Cape May Warbler and Cuban Bullfinch delighted nearby, but it was the female Hooded Warbler that stole second place, being a very rare migrant to Cuba. Least Grebe and American Wigeon made their way onto the list before we went back to the hotel for a sharp breakfast. With the morning bright and the temperatures rising we drove to Cayo Paredon Grande for the remaining near endemics. The wind blew strongly, and despite an immediate response from a Cuban Gnatcatcher by Clayton Burne Bahama Mockingbird, we were unable to pin it down. No amount of searching helped, not even an excursion by myself into the thickets. We had to give up on the mockingbird and search instead for Thick-billed Vireo. Again, easy contact was made, but the birds showed no interest in us. Catch 22 stuff this, back to the bus we headed for one last attempt at the Bahama Mockingbird. We were in luck, a responsive bird finally showed itself! Further down the road we made further attempts for the vireo without luck. By this time, it was already past 11:00, the road a furnace of blinding glare and heat. We rolled the dice and decided to walk down a sandy bank and into the scrubby shrubs. The relief from the glare and heat were immediate, as were good visuals of the Thick-billed Vireo. A co- operative individual showed very well over the course of 10 minutes, everyone breathing a sigh of relief at having seen this rare and range restricted bird with a very heavy bill. It required a lot more effort than normal, but having prevailed we went back to the hotel for lunch and a short rest.

A sedate afternoons birding saw us poking about on Cayo Coco before ending the day on the tiny Cayo Guillermo (all of 13km2). Amongst the host of commoner waders, we picked out a small flock of Sanderling. A trip to the sewage treatment works (wouldn't be a birding tour without a visit to said facilities), turned up a large flock of Northern Shoveler. Our time on Cayo Guillermo turned up a large congregation of Roseate Spoonbills that warranted greater observation. While looking at the spoonbills, we found a Glossy Ibis, a very rare record in these parts. Greater and Lesser Yellowlegs

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stood next to one another allowing for direct comparison, a flock of Stilt Sandpiper, a small number of feeding Dunlin and a massive flock of migrating Short-billed Dowitchers occupied a single lagoon. I had one more party trick up my sleeve, my friendly Clapper Rail came shooting out of his mangrove patch in the exact place as anticipated. There was enough time left in the day for a final twitch - two Yellow-crowned Night Herons serenaded us on our way back to Cayo Coco.

A long drive saw us heading back to Havana for our farewell dinner. Our day, and the tour itself, came to an end in Havana’s old city. A short walking tour was followed by a very enjoyable meal at a local restaurant. A combination of good luck, some good local knowledge and the exceptional teamwork of a fantastic birding group made this a very successful Rockjumper Thick-billed Vireo by Clayton Burne Tour to Cuba.

Total Species recorded: 156 (26 Endemics, 12 near Endemics, 1 Heard)

______Annotated List of species recorded

Nomenclature and taxonomy follows IOC (Version: 5.1): Gill, F. and Wright, M. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

List powered through the report generator of our partner iGoTerra.

Status codes: E = Endemic, NE = Near-endemic, I = Introduced

IUCN codes: CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EW = Extinct in the Wild, NT = Near Threatened, DD = Data Deficient

Report codes: Date = 7.3 (ie. Day, Month), PN = Parque Nacional (National Park)

Please note that the following locations all fall within the greater Cienaga de Zapata National Park: Salinas de Brito, Playa Larga, Playa Giron, Bermejas, Soplillar, La Turba & La Boca de Guama. ______

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Ducks, Geese & Swans Anatidae West Indian Whistling Duck (VU) Dendrocygna arborea PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. American Wigeon Anas americana PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Blue-winged Teal Anas discors PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Niña Bonita Lake 2.3 & 3.3. Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis Niña Bonita Lake 2.3 & 3.3. Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3. Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis Niña Bonita Lake 2.3 & 3.3.

Guineafowl Numididae Helmeted Guineafowl (I) Numida meleagris Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3.

Grebes Podicipedidae Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus dominicus PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps antillarum Niña Bonita Lake 3.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3 and La Turba 5.3.

Flamingos Phoenicopteridae American Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber Salinas de Brito 4.3, PN Cayo Coco 7.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3.

Ibises, Spoonbills Threskiornithidae American White Ibis Eudocimus albus albus Playa Larga 3.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3, Playa Larga 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3.

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Herons, Bitterns Ardeidae Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli La Turba 5.3. Yellow-crowned Night Heron Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Green Heron Butorides virescens virescens Salinas de Brito 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Niña Bonita Lake 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias occidentalis Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Great Egret Ardea alba egretta Niña Bonita Lake 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, Santa Clara 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Reddish Egret (NT) Egretta rufescens rufescens Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor ruficollis Niña Bonita Lake 2.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea San Diego de los Banos 3.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Snowy Egret Egretta thula thula Havana 2.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3.

Pelicans Pelecanidae American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Salinas de Brito 4.3. Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis Niña Bonita Lake 3.3, Playa Giron 4.3, Soplillar 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3.

Frigatebirds Fregatidae Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens Havana 2.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3.

Cormorants, Shags Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus Niña Bonita Lake 3.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus heuretus PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3.

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Anhingas, Darters Anhingidae Anhinga Anhinga anhinga leucogaster La Boca de Guama 5.3.

New World Vultures Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Havana 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Ospreys Pandionidae Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus carolinensis: Las Terrazas 2.3 and Salinas de Brito 4.3. ridgwayi: PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Kites, Hawks & Eagles Accipitridae Northern Harrier Circus hudsonius Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3. Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis levis Niña Bonita Lake 2.3 and 1 heard La Turba 6.3. Cuban Black Hawk (NT) (E) Buteogallus gundlachii Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus cubanensis Las Terrazas 2.3 and Cueva de los Portales 3.3. Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Las Terrazas 2.3, San Diego de los Banos 3.3, Santa Clara 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

Rails, Crakes & Coots Rallidae Clapper Rail Rallus crepitans caribaeus Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus Las Terrazas 2.3. Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata cerceris Las Terrazas 2.3 and La Turba 5.3. American Coot Fulica americana americana Niña Bonita Lake 2.3 & 3.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Limpkin Aramidae Limpkin Aramus guarauna pictus Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

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Stilts, Avocets Recurvirostridae Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus mexicanus Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Plovers Charadriidae Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Killdeer Charadrius vociferus ternominatus Las Terrazas 2.3, Playa Larga 5.3 & 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Sandpipers, Snipes Scolopacidae Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria solitaria Soplillar 5.3. Willet Tringa semipalmata inornata Salinas de Brito 4.3. Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius Niña Bonita Lake 2.3, Bermejas 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Sanderling Calidris alba rubida PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Dunlin Calidris alpina PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3.

Gulls, Terns & Skimmers Laridae Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla atricilla PN Cayo Coco 7.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3. Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3.

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Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica aranea Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3. Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Salinas de Brito 4.3. Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus maximus Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3.

Pigeons, Doves Columbidae Rock Dove (I) Columba livia Havana 2.3, San Diego de los Banos 3.3, Santa Clara 6.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. White-crowned Pigeon (NT) Patagioenas leucocephala Las Terrazas 2.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Scaly-naped Pigeon Patagioenas squamosa Cueva de los Portales 3.3. Plain Pigeon (NT) Patagioenas inornata Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Eurasian Collared Dove (I) Streptopelia decaocto decaocto PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura macroura Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Zenaida Dove Zenaida aurita zenaida Bermejas 4.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica asiatica Playa Larga 3.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3. Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina insularis Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, La Turba 5.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Grey-fronted Quail-Dove (VU) (E) Geotrygon caniceps Bermejas 4.3. Key West Quail-Dove Geotrygon chrysia PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Blue-headed Quail-Dove (EN) (E) Starnoenas cyanocephala Bermejas 4.3.

Cuckoos Cuculidae Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Las Terrazas 2.3, Soplillar 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, Soplillar 5.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

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Great Lizard Cuckoo Coccyzus merlini merlini Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, Soplillar 5.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3.

Owls Strigidae Bare-legged Owl (E) Margarobyas lawrencii Soplillar 3.3. Cuban Pygmy Owl (E) Glaucidium siju siju Cueva de los Portales 3.3, 1 heard Soplillar 5.3, La Turba 6.3 and 2 heard Finca la Belen 7.3. Stygian Owl Asio stygius siguapa Soplillar 3.3.

Nightjars Caprimulgidae Cuban Nightjar (E) Antrostomus cubanensis cubanensis Soplillar 3.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3 and Soplillar 5.3.

Swifts Apodidae Antillean Palm Swift Tachornis phoenicobia iradii Las Terrazas 2.3, San Diego de los Banos 3.3 and Soplillar 5.3.

Hummingbirds Trochilidae Cuban Emerald Chlorostilbon ricordii Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Bee Hummingbird (NT) (E) Mellisuga helenae Bermejas 4.3.

Trogons Trogonidae Cuban Trogon (E) Priotelus temnurus temnurus Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

Kingfishers Alcedinidae Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Salinas de Brito 4.3 and PN Cayo Guillermo 8.3.

Todies Todidae Cuban Tody (E) Todus multicolor Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, 1 heard Bermejas 4.3, 1 heard Soplillar 5.3, 1 heard Finca la Belen 6.3 and 1 heard PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Woodpeckers Picidae

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West Indian Woodpecker Melanerpes superciliaris superciliaris Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius Las Terrazas 2.3, Salinas de Brito 4.3, La Boca de Guama 5.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. (E) Xiphidiopicus percussus percussus Las Terrazas 2.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus chrysocaulosus Soplillar 5.3. Fernandina's Flicker (VU) (E) Colaptes fernandinae Bermejas 4.3 and La Turba 5.3.

Caracaras, Falcons Falconidae Northern Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Bermejas 4.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. American Kestrel Falco sparverius sparverioides Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, Soplillar 5.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Merlin Falco columbarius suckleyi La Turba 5.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

Parrots Cuban Parakeet (E) euops Soplillar 3.3, 1 heard Soplillar 5.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Cuban Amazon (NT) Amazona leucocephala leucocephala Soplillar 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3.

Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae Cuban Pewee Contopus caribaeus caribaeus: Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, 1 heard Finca la Belen 6.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. morenoi: Bermejas 4.3 and La Turba 5.3. Giant Kingbird (EN) (E) Tyrannus cubensis Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Loggerhead Kingbird Tyrannus caudifasciatus caudifasciatus Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Boca de Guama 5.3, La Turba 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3. La Sagra's Flycatcher Myiarchus sagrae sagrae Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

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Vireos, Greenlets Vireonidae Thick-billed Vireo Vireo crassirostris cubensis PN Cayo Paredon Grande 8.3. Cuban Vireo (E) Vireo gundlachii gundlachii Bermejas 4.3, 1 heard Soplillar 5.3 and 1 heard PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons Bermejas 4.3. Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus olivaceus Las Terrazas 2.3 and Bermejas 4.3. Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus barbatulus Las Terrazas 2.3 and 1 heard Finca la Belen 7.3.

Crows, Jays Corvidae Cuban Palm Crow (E) Corvus minutus Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Cuban Crow Corvus nasicus Soplillar 3.3, Soplillar 5.3, La Turba 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

Swallows, Martins Hirundinidae Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and Santa Clara 6.3. Cuban Martin Progne cryptoleuca Cueva de los Portales 3.3. Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis La Turba 5.3. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Bermejas 4.3. Cave Swallow Petrochelidon fulva cavicola Cueva de los Portales 3.3 and Soplillar 5.3.

Wrens Troglodytidae Zapata Wren (EN) (E) Ferminia cerverai La Turba 5.3.

Gnatcatchers Polioptilidae Blue-grey Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea Playa Larga 5.3. Cuban Gnatcatcher (E) Polioptila lembeyei PN Cayo Coco 7.3.

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Mockingbirds, Thrashers Mimidae Grey Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos orpheus Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Bahama Mockingbird (NE) Mimus gundlachii gundlachii PN Cayo Paredon Grande 8.3.

Thrushes Turdidae Cuban Solitaire (NT) (E) Myadestes elisabeth elisabeth Cueva de los Portales 3.3. Red-legged Thrush Turdus plumbeus schistaceus: Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. rubripes: Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Boca de Guama 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

Old World Sparrows, Snowfinches Passeridae House Sparrow (I) Passer domesticus domesticus Havana 2.3, San Diego de los Banos 3.3, Playa Giron 4.3, Santa Clara 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

New World Warblers Parulidae Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla Playa Larga 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, Soplillar 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum Bermejas 4.3 and La Turba 5.3. Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3 and La Turba 5.3. Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia Las Terrazas 2.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3. Swainson's Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii 1 heard Soplillar 5.3. Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina PN Cayo Coco 8.3. American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

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Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina La Boca de Guama 5.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Northern Parula Setophaga americana Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia Bermejas 4.3. Mangrove Warbler Setophaga petechia gundlachi Salinas de Brito 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3. Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens Bermejas 4.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 & 6.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Olive-capped Warbler Setophaga pityophila Las Terrazas 2.3. Myrtle Warbler Setophaga coronata Las Terrazas 2.3. Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga dominica Las Terrazas 2.3, Bermejas 4.3, Playa Larga 5.3 & 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3. Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3 and PN Cayo Paredon Grande 8.3. Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens Las Terrazas 2.3, Bermejas 4.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

Family Uncertain Incertae Sedis Yellow-headed Warbler (E) Teretistris fernandinae 1 heard Las Terrazas 2.3, Bermejas 4.3 and La Turba 5.3. Oriente Warbler (E) Teretistris fornsi fornsi PN Cayo Coco 7.3.

Oropendolas, Orioles & Blackbirds Icteridae Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna hippocrepis Havana 2.3, San Diego de los Banos 3.3, 1 heard Bermejas 4.3 and Santa Clara 6.3. Cuban Oriole (E) Icterus melanopsis La Boca de Guama 5.3, La Turba 6.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3. Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius humeralis humeralis Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Boca de Guama 5.3 and Finca la Belen 7.3.

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Red-shouldered Blackbird (E) Agelaius assimilis assimilis La Turba 6.3. Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis minimus Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3. Cuban Blackbird (E) Ptiloxena atroviolacea Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Boca de Guama 5.3, Finca la Belen 6.3 & 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Greater Antillean Grackle Quiscalus niger caribaeus: Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. gundlachii: Bermejas 4.3, La Boca de Guama 5.3 and La Turba 6.3.

Buntings, New World Sparrows & Allies Emberizidae Zapata Sparrow (EN) (E) Torreornis inexpectata inexpectata La Turba 5.3.

Tanagers and Allies Thraupidae Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus Las Terrazas 2.3. Cuban Bullfinch Melopyrrha nigra nigra Las Terrazas 2.3 and PN Cayo Coco 7.3 & 8.3. Cuban Grassquit (E) Tiaris canorus Las Terrazas 2.3. Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus olivaceus Las Terrazas 2.3, Bermejas 4.3, La Turba 5.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3. Western Spindalis Spindalis zena pretrei Las Terrazas 2.3, Cueva de los Portales 3.3, Finca la Belen 7.3 and PN Cayo Coco 8.3.

MAMMALS Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Cueva de los Portales 3.3.

REPTILES Cuban Racer (E) Cubophis cantherigerus Playa Larga 4.3. Cuban Green Anole Anolis porcatus Playa Larga 3.3 and Playa Larga 5.3. Cuban Brown Anole Anolis sagrei

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Las Terrazas 2.3 and Finca la Belen 6.3. Cuban Brown Curly-tailed Lizard (E) Leiocephalus cubensis Playa Giron 4.3. Wood Snake Tropidophis melanurus Soplillar 3.3.

AMPHIBIANS Cuban Treefrog Osteopilus septentrionalis San Diego de los Banos 3.3. American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Soplillar 3.3.

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