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CONTENT 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 6 2. BRIEF OVERVIEW ...... 7 Historical Perspective ...... 7 Location ...... 8 Spatial Status ...... 9 Land Ownership ...... 11 3. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROFILE ...... 14 3.1 Key Social Demographics ...... 14 3.1.1 Population ...... 14 3.1.1.1 Gender, Age and Race ...... 15 3.1.1.2 Households ...... 17 3.1.2 Health Profile ...... 18 3.1.3 Covid 19 ...... 19 3.2 Poverty Dimensions ...... 21 3.2.1 Inequality ...... 21 3.2.2 Employed / Unemployed ...... 21 3.3 Crime ...... 22 3.4 Education and Skills Profile ...... 24 4. DRIVERS OF THE ECONOMY ...... 28 4.1 Structure of the Economy ...... 28 4.1.1 Primary Sector ...... 29 4.1.2 Secondary Sector ...... 30 4.1.3 Tertiary Sector ...... 30 4.1.4 Informal Economy ...... 31 5. SEVICE DELIVERY ...... 32 5.1 Water ...... 32 5.2 Sanitation ...... 33 5.3 Human Settlements ...... 33 5.4 Waste Management...... 34 5.5 Roads and Transport ...... 34 5.6 Electricity ...... 35 6. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT ...... 37 6.1 Municipality Performance...... 37 6.2 Municipal Capacity ...... 37 6.3 Traditional Affairs & Governance ...... 38 7. PROJECTS TO DIVERSIFY AND GROW PEOPLE AND ECONOMY ...... 40 7.1 Social Development Projects ...... 40 7.2 Spatial Development ...... 40 7.3 Infrastructure Projects ...... 44 7.4 Economic Projects ...... 45 7.5 Environmental forecast ...... 45 8. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 46 8.1 Integrated Development Plan ...... 46 8.2 Investor and Sponsorship Opportunities ...... 46

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COVID

JohnTaolo Gaetsewe

Source:CSIR/NCDM

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19Vulnerability Index

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1. Executive Summary John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is located in the north of the Province, bordering Botswana in the west. It comprises the three local municipalities of Gamagara, Ga-Segonyana and Joe Morolong, and 186 towns and settlements, of which the majority (80%) are villages. The John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is one of the 5 district municipalities in the Northern .

In 2019, the population of John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality was 261 371, an increase of 37.8% since the 2001 Census. The municipality constitutes 19.4% of the total population of the province which is 1 344 850. In terms of its share the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality was significantly larger in 2019 (19.4%) compared to what it was in 2009 (18.2%). JTGDM is characterised by a mixture of land uses, of which agriculture and mining (of manganese) are dominant. The district holds potential as a viable tourist destination and has numerous growth opportunities in the industrial sector.

The mining is the only sector with a comparative advantage in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District. Mining contributes 67.6% to the GVA of the JTGDM (JTG SDF 2012). This means that this sector produces products in excess of the local demand; therefore, it exports a considerable share of its outputs to another region bringing income for the local economy (JTG Integrated Development Plan 2012-17). The weaker manganese price together with uncertainty off take from China’s steel industry may have undesired effect in the mining sector. A look at other economic sectors and in particular agriculture and tourism would mitigate the negative impact that the mining could have within the district.

Government Strategy on Agri-Parks (a networked innovation system of agro- production, processing, logistics, marketing, training and extension services located at district level) will be the one of the focus areas since the JTGDM has been identified as a priority district. The draft National Spatial Development Framework of 2019 (NSDF) identified the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality as a National Transformation Corridor Priority (North Western Transformation Corridor) which is an area focussing on a production transition area and rail corridor.

On a provincial level the JTGDM was identified as a Rural Regeneration Zone. Development within the John Taolo Gaetsewe District raises an issue of the PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 7

traditional dichotomy between urban and rural, town and countryside. The structure of the local economy shadows the discrepancy between urban and rural. These realities underscore the necessity of putting together a spatial strategy within the broader development context. A Rural Economic Development Zone strategy needs to be development to improve the living conditions and opportunities of the communities residing in traditional areas.

The Gamagara corridor comprises the mining belt of the John Taolo Gaetsewe and Siyanda districts and runs from Lime Acres and Danielskuil to in the north. The corridor focuses on the mining of iron and manganese.

2. Brief Overview 2.1 Historical Perspective The John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is named after a trade unionist, internationalist and activist who was born the village of Ga- Segonyana in the area. He died in 1988 in neighbouring Botswana and in recognition for his contribution to the struggle against Apartheid, the Kgalagadi District Municipality was renamed after him in 2008.

The seat of the John Taolo Gaetswe District is in a name derived from Chief Kudumane who lived there, before in 1826 Robert Moffat established the Moffat Church near the spring known as “The Eye” of Kuruman. That mission station became famous for having hosted the wedding of his daughter who married the son of explorer David Livingstone. The spring which flows 20 to 30 million litres of water per day, has been a water of source for thousands of year with the early inhabitants (the Tswana) naming it Gasegonyane or ‘little water calabash’. Today it is a bustling town which boasts as the largest cattle ranching and dairy farming district in the country. It is also one of the major hunting destinations in the country. There are also asbestos, manganese, lime and iron mines in the area.

The area has an established rail network from Sishen South and between Black Rock and . It is characterised by a mixture of land uses, of which agriculture and mining are dominant. The district holds potential as a viable tourist destination and has numerous growth opportunities in the industrial sector. 8 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

2.2 Location The John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality (JTGDM) is situated in the Northern Cape Province. JTGDM comprises of three Local Municipalities i.e. Gamagara, Ga- Segonyana and Joe Morolong. Kuruman town is the administrative seat of the district municipality. JTGDM is the second smallest district in the Northern Cape, occupying only 6%, i.e. 27 322 km2 of the Province. The John Taolo Gaetsewe District comprises of 186 settlements of which the majority (80%) are villages mainly located in the Joe Morolong Local Municipality.

JTGDM is the second smallest district in the Northern Cape, occupying only 7% of the Province (27 498.9 km2) (StatsSA 2016). Administratively, the JT GDM comprises three Local Municipalities: (1) The Gamagara Local Municipality; (2) The Ga- Segonyana Local Municipality; and (3) The Joe Morolong Local Municipality. Joe Morolong Local Municipality is the District’s largest local municipality in terms of area size; covering an extent of 20 215 km2, with Ga-Segonyana LM and Gamagara LM covering for 16% and 10% respectively. The JT Gaetsewe District comprises of 186 towns and settlements of which the majority (80%) are villages in the Joe Morolong Municipality.

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The District’s municipal area is characterised by a mixture of land uses of which agriculture and mining are dominant. JTGDM was the richest mining region in the Northern Cape until a decline in mining employment and the near extinction of the asbestos mining industry in the 1980s. Today, minerals mined include manganese ore, iron ore and tiger's eye. The Sishen iron-ore mine is one of the largest open-cast mines in the world and the iron-ore railway from Sishen to Saldanha is one of the longest iron-ore carriers in the world.

The rural land is used extensively for cattle, sheep, goat and game farming. The area is also well known for its commercial hunting in the winter, and holds potential as a tourism destination. The north-eastern region is comprised principally of high-density rural and peri-urban areas while the western and southern areas are sparsely populated and consist mainly of commercial farms and mining activities.

‘MINING IS A KEY SECTOR WITH COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE’

2.3 Spatial Status The district has a settlement hierarchy within the three local municipalities, i.e. Ga- Segonyana, Gamagara and Joe Morolong. The District Municipality has an established rail network from Sishen South and between Black Rock and Dibeng. The JTGDM falls entirely within the Savanna Biome generally known as typical Kalahari surroundings. The wetlands in the JTGDM, except for , are ephemeral, only filling up briefly after the summer rains. A large number of these wetlands, including Heuningvlei, are classified as “National Priority Wetland Areas”.

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The Joe Morolong Local Municipality is named in honour of Joseph Morolong a trade unionist from the area who was arrested for participating in the drafting of the Freedom Charter. He was born in the district and it is the largest municipality of the three municipalities, accounting for three quarters of its geographical area at 20 180 km2. The area is mostly rural, with 60% of it comprising virgin land surface. Joe Morolong Local Municipality is made up of 198 villages, 2 small towns and surrounding commercial farms with poor linkages to mainstream economic activities. Although unemployment is high, the municipality has a great deal of potential for developers, especially those interested in ecotourism and conservation. Key towns include Hotazel, Santoy, and . The main economic activities are agriculture, mining, and community services.

Gamagara Local Municipality is a category B municipality located on the north- eastern part of the Northern Cape along the . The municipality derives its name from a Tswana man named Mogara of the Makwere clan (Batlhaping). During the early days of exploration, Mogara was the first person to settle in this part of the country. After 1887, the area became dominated by white farmers who then changed the name as they were unable to pronounce it correctly. Hence it was called Gamagara instead of Gamogara. The name is derived from a dry river that ran from Dibeng to join the Kuruman (Segonyana) river at Dikgatlong tsa ga Kganyile. Incidentally this is the route the Ba ga Motlhware followed on their way to their headquarters, Maje a Mokhothu (Langeberg)

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The municipality covers a geographic area of 2 619 km² with almost 63.41% of its area covered in thicket, bushland, bush clumps & high fynbos bush fields. The municipality is characterised by huge tracks of vacant and undeveloped land which collectively cover approximately 97.62% of the total municipal area. In the wake of a boom in mining activities, the municipal area now falls under a region called the Gamara Mining Corridor. It is the smallest of the three municipalities that make up the district, accounting for 10% of its geographical area. The central business district (CBD) is located in . The municipal area owns an endemic camel thorn tree forest that enjoys a National Heritage status and gave Kathu its name. The area boasts the largest single pit, open cast iron ore mine in the world, and is the starting point of the Sisheng—Saldanha railway line. Key towns include Deben, Kathu, and . Key activities include mining, game farming, and business services.

Ga-Segonyana Local Municipality is named of a spring commonly known as the ‘Kuruman Eye’. "Sego" means calabash and "nyana" is a diminutive. The name Segonyana means a "small calabash". The municipality was given the name because the water that poured from the fountain made a sound similar to the one made by thick milk from a calabash. Batswana used a calabash to make bodila (thick milk). The calabash has a wide base and a narrow mouth, therefore, to take thick milk out of the calabash you have to use force. Similarly, the water from the fountain comes out in force, and it sounded like milk from the calabash. As in the case of Kgalagadi the colonial authorities changed the name of Segonyana to Kuruman Eye.

The municipality accounts for 16% of the district’s geographical area at 4 495 km2 and comprises 33 residential areas, of which 20% represents urban and peri-urban areas while the remainder (80%) accounts for rural areas. Almost 50.20% of the municipality’s area is covered in thicket, bushland, bush clumps and high fynbos bush fields while 98.60% is vacant/undeveloped land. It originated as a cross-boundary municipality that straddled the North West and Northern Cape Provinces. It was established in 2000 through the amalgamation of the Kuruman and Municipalities. The area is also administered through a traditional authority system with two paramount chiefs and headmen. Key towns include Bankhara-Bodulong, Kuruman, and Mothibistad. The key economic activities are mining and agriculture.

2.4 Land Ownership Currently an estimated 60% of land within JTGDM is privately owned and the remaining 40% is state land. State land is made up of land controlled by nine traditional authorities, state owned land, PLAS (Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy) acquired 12 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO land, LRAD (Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development) land and restored through the land restitution programme1.

The property market in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District was transformed in 2011. The 2011 was a golden year in this mining community’s history. A soaring iron ore price meant that an employee share scheme dubbed ‘Envision’ paid out a lump sum of R500 000 to each and every employee involved, totalling about R2.7-billion. Two new malls were built in Kathu, and property values and rental prices increased.

Figure: JTGDM Landownership Overview

In Ga-Segonyana, all rural residential areas are administered by the Traditional Authorities. These areas do not obtain title deeds because they are not formalised. There are two Traditional Leaders (Chiefs) representing the Batlharo Ba-ga Motlhware and the Batlhaping Ba-ga Jantjie in the municipal council. This dynamic administration process marks the challenge in the general development and planning of the municipality. As much the two administrations are claiming to be working together,

1 John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. 2017. Review of the Spatial development framework. PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 13

sprawling development in the rural areas which is not aligned to municipal development plan. These challenges create a strain on the municipal resource planning and allocation.2

• The municipality further indicates in the 2017/18 annual report that it continues to battle illegal land use activities, namely manifesting itself in: Illegal street trading, illegal car washes, illegal seasonal traders in perishables, illegal guesthouses and overnight accommodation including unauthorised building works.

• Joe Morolong Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework (2012) identifies three main nodes where relatively higher economic activity takes place, namely Vanzylsrus, Hotazel and Blackrock. Mining is the predominant economic activity in Hotazel and Blackrock. Vanzylsrus operates as service centre for the surrounding area. In terms of the principles mentioned above, public investment should be focused on these areas to expand the node into a more diverse economic centre.

• Gamagara Local Municipality indicates in its 2017/18 annual report that it uses the Land use Management scheme 2003 and Spatial Development Framework. It is interesting that the municipality only approved 19 of the 60 building plans received in the 2017/18 financial year (i.e. 32%). A slow approval rate may hamper development.

“THERE ARE TWO TRADITIONAL LEADERS (CHIEFS) REPRESENTING THE BATLHARO BA-GA MOTLHWARE AND THE BATLHAPING BA-GA JANTJIE IN THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL.”

2 Ga-Segonyana. 2019. 2019/20 IDP review. 14 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

3. Social Development Profile 3.1 Key Social Demographics 3.1.1 Population With 261 371 people, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality housed 0.4% of 's total population in 2019. Between 2008 and 2018 the population growth averaged 2.83% per annum which is close to double than the growth rate of South Africa as a whole (1.6%). Compared to Northern Cape's average annual growth rate (2.10%), the growth rate in John Taolo Gaetsewe's population at 2.83% was slightly higher than that of the province.

The Gamagara Local Municipality increased the most, with an average annual growth rate of 5.3%, the Ga-Segonyana Local Municipality had the second highest growth in terms of its population, with an average annual growth rate of 3.7%. The Joe Morolong Local Municipality had the lowest average annual growth rate of 0.55% relative to the other within the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality:

2008 2013 2018 Average Annual growth

Joe Morolong 81,000 83,000 85,500 0.55% Ga-Segonyana 78,500 96,300 113,000 3.75%

Gamagara 33,900 46,800 56,800 5.29% John Taolo Gaetsewe 193,383 226,112 255,717 2.83% PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 15

Source: IHS Markit: Statistical overview: John Taolo Gaetsewe.

Based on the present age-gender structure and the present fertility, mortality and migration rates, John Taolo Gaetsewe's district’s population is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 2.0% from 256 000 in 2018 to 283 000 in 2023.

3.1.2 Gender, Age and Race John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality's male/female split in population was 48.9% males vs 51.1% females in 2019. The John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality appears to be a stable population with the share of female population (51.1%) being similar to the national average of (51.05%). In total there were 133 619 (51.1%) females and 127 752 (48.9%) males. The John Taolo Gaetsewe District has a median age of 23 years.

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Population structure, Total, 2019 DC45 John Taolo Gaetsewe (Kgalagadi) vs. National

DC45 John Taolo Gaetsewe 75+ (Kgalagadi) South Africa 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 Male Female 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 05-09 00-04

8,0% 6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0% 8,0% Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

By comparing the population pyramid of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality with the national age structure, the most significant differences are: • There is a significant smaller share of young working age people - aged 20 to 34 (24.2%), compared to the national picture (26.9%). • The area seems to be a migrant sending area, with many people leaving the area to find work in the bigger cities. • Fertility in John Taolo Gaetsewe is significantly higher compared to South Africa as a whole. • The share of children between the ages of 0 to 14 years is significantly larger (33.0%) in John Taolo Gaetsewe compared to South Africa (28.6%). Demand for expenditure on schooling as percentage of total budget within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality will therefore be higher than nationally.

In 2018, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality's population consisted of 82.62% African (211 000), 5.91% White (15 100), 10.90% Coloured (27 900) and 0.56% Asian (1 440) people.

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3.1.3 Households In 2019, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality comprised of 72 900 households. This equates to an average annual growth rate of 3.68% in the number of households from 2009 to 2019. With an average annual growth rate of 2.69% in the total population, the average household size in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is by implication decreasing. This is confirmed by the data where the average household size in 2009 decreased from approximately 3.9 individuals per household to 3.6 persons per household in 2019.

The John Taolo Gaetsewe DM has 223 households headed by children under the age of 18 years which is about a quarter of the figure in the Northern Cape 799 and compared to 111 471 child headed households in South Africa.

“JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE'S DISTRICT’S POPULATION IS PROJECTED TO GROW AT AN AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF 2.0% FROM 256 000 IN 2018 TO 283 000 IN 2023.”

The John Taolo Gaetsewe DM has 40,6% (29 638) households headed by women which is a little higher than the rate in the Northern Cape 39,88% ( 137 538) and about the same as the rate in South Africa 41,32% (6 992 274).

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3.1.4 Health Profile For the percentage of deaths by broad cause, deaths are classified into four groups, namely: (i) injuries; (ii) noncommunicable diseases; (iii) HIV and TB; and (iv) communicable diseases together with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions. Data are given by gender and age group for the period 2013-2015. In John Taolo Gaetsewe, more than 75% of deaths under 1 year can be attributed to communicable diseases together with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions l causes. However, as people get older the causes of death changes, e.g. the over 50 category, most deaths can be attributed to non-communicable diseases.

“THE MATERNAL MORTALITY IN FACILITY RATIO (PER 100K) IS 40.8 PER 1000, THIS POSITIONS ITS PERFORMANCE AMONGST THE 10 BEST IN THE COUNTRY.”

The maternal mortality in facility ratio (per 100k) in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is 40.8 per 1000, this positions its performance in terms of maternal mortality amongst the 10 best in the country. Only two aspects are flagged as being PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 19

problematic, namely antenatal visit before 20 weeks ratio and cervical cancer screening coverage ratio. Its performance in this regard is ranked among the 10 worst in South Africa.

It is a concern that the John Taolo District Municipality has a high number of infants whose PCR test scores around 10 weeks is positive. The District’s performance is regarded as among the 10 worst in the country. Likewise, its performance in screening grade 1 and 8 is also deemed to be among the 10 worst in the country. The District received a similar negative score regarding its performance outcome on the indicator Infant exclusively breastfed at DTaP-IVP-HIB-HBV 3rd dose. However, the District’s performance on two indicators (i) Immunisation under 1-year coverage (%) and (ii) Measles 2nd dose coverage (%) is again viewed as amongst the 10 best in South Africa.

The District has ten health facilities; 7 are clinics, 1 is a Communict Health Care Centre and 2 are District Hospitals

3.1.5 Covid 19 In Northern Cape there were 211 confirmed cases of which 62 had recovered by the 17th of June 2020. 9 Cases were in John Taolo Gaetsewe of which 4 were in Ga- Segonyana, 3 in Gamagara and 1 in Joe Morolong.

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in collaboration with Albert Luthuli Centre for Responsible leadership have developed a set of COVID-19 Vulnerability Indicators using available data and knowledge. It identifies vulnerabilities present in communities and identifying areas in need of targeted coordinated interventions and early response. The purpose of the indicators is intended to support the early prevention/mitigation and preparedness phase of the disaster management cycle and informing disaster management decision making. It is not based on epidemiological modelling but a response to highlighting intervention areas due to underlying situation. The composition of the index follows two main factors, namely: transmission potential and health susceptibility.

Transmission potential areas identify areas that prevent social distancing to be practiced and where limitations of practicing good basic hygiene. The health susceptibility index denotes areas where large number of people are potential more susceptible to being adversely affected by COVID-10 due to factors such as age and underlying health conditions. The John Taolo Gaetsewe vulnerability profile is presented below. The map shows low vulnerability areas (blue dotted areas) versus areas with higher vulnerability (red dotted areas)

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The area shows low vulenerability as it is sparsely populated but for the areas around Kuruman and Borhithong, where there is extreme vulenrability and economic activity. Area specific live GIS vunerability maps are available curtosy of CSIR at: https://pta-gis-2-web1.csir.co.za/portal2/apps/opsdashboard/#/390a74fb10844c7a85396e60555a866d

13 Quarantine sites were identified in the district by 29 May 2020:

TOWN State- NO OF NO OF STATUS OF FACILITY Activated (select option owned or ROOMS BEDS Site from drop Private AVAILABLE AVAILABLE down) Kuruman Private 10 10 Not assessed Pending Kuruman Private 43 43 Not assessed Pending Kuruman Private 15 15 Not assessed Pending

Kuruman 1 18 Not assessed Pending Kuruman State- 2 12 Assessed and approved by DPW Pending Owned or Province Heuningvlei Private 10 10 Not assessed Pending Kuruman Private 12 12 Not assessed Pending Olifantshoek State- 1 6 Assessed and approved by DPW Pending Owned or Province PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 21

Kuruman Private 7 7 Not assessed Pending Kuruman Private 10 10 Not assessed Pending Kuruman State- 21 42 Assessed and approved by DPW Pending Owned or Province Kuruman State- 1 5 Assessed and approved by DPW Pending Owned or Province Kuruman State- 2 37 Assessed and approved by DPW Pending Owned or Province TOTAL: 135 227

3.1.6 Poverty Dimensions In 2018, there were 156 000 people living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition, across John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. This number is18.38% higher than the number of 132 000 in 2008.

In terms of the percentage of people living in poverty for each of the local municipalities within the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Joe Morolong Local Municipality has the highest percentage of people living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition, with a total of 78.4%. The lowest percentage of people living in poverty can be observed in the Gamagara Local Municipality with a total of 43.3% living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition.

The percentage of people living in poverty has decreased from 68.66% in 2008 to 61.96% in 2018, which indicates a decrease of 6.7 percentage points. It was estimated that 20.25% of all the households in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, were living on R30,000 or less per annum in 2018. In comparison with 2008's 41.46%, the number is slightly lower. The 18 000-30 000 income category has the highest number of households with a total number of 9 640, followed by the 30 000-42 000 income category with 9 047 households. Only 12 households fall within the 0-2 400 income category.

3.1.7 Inequality The Human Development Index (HDI) measures life expectancy at birth, education using average years of schooling and gross national income per capita. HDI varies between zero and one, with zero being the lowest level of development and one the highest level. John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality’s HDI status indicates an index of 0.64.

3.1.8 Employed / Unemployed In 2018, there were a total number of 20 300 people unemployed in John Taolo Gaetsewe, which is an increase of 5 240 from 15 000 in 2008. Out of the economically 22 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO active population, there are 20 300 that are unemployed, or when expressed as a percentage, an unemployment rate of 23.5%. The total number of unemployed people within John Taolo Gaetsewe constitutes 14.92% of the total number of unemployed people in Northern Cape Province. The unemployment rate in John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is lower than that of Northern Cape.

Since 2008, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality experienced an average annual increase of 3.04% in the number of unemployed people, which is worse than that of the Northern Cape Province which had an average annual increase in unemployment of 2.68%.

Number of unemployed & Unemployment rate John Taolo Gaetsewe, 2008-2018 25 000 28% 27,6% 27,0% 27,1% 27% 20 000 26,7% 26,4% 26,4% 26,2% 26%

15 000 25,4% 25,1% 25% 24,8%

21682,5 21808,5 21795,7 20987,2 24% 10 000 20318,6 20260,2 18090,9 18694,9 16555,9 23,5% 15014,7 15487,1 23% 5 000 22%

0 21% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Number of unemployed people Unemployment rate Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803

When comparing unemployment rates among regions within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Joe Morolong Local Municipality has indicated the highest unemployment rate of 33.9%, which has increased from 30.2% in 2008. It can be seen that the Gamagara Local Municipality had the lowest unemployment rate of 17.3% in 2018, which decreased from 23.1% in 2008.

3.1.9 Crime There are 11 police stations/precincts in the JTG District Municipality, two of which are located in the Gamagara Local Municipality (Kathu, Dibeng and Olifantshoek), three in the Ga-Segonyana Local Municipality (Kuruman, Mothibistad, Wrenchville and Batlharos) and four in the Joe Morolong Local Municipality (Bothitong, Heuningvlei, Tsineng and Vanzylsrus). PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 23

The crime index is a composite, weighted index which measures crime. The higher the index number, the higher the level of crime for that specific year in a particular region. The index is best used by looking at the change over time, or comparing the crime levels across regions.

Overall, Violent and Property Crime Index 2008/2009-2018/2019 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

OverallCrime Index Violent Crime Index Property Crime Index Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803

For the period 2008/2009 to 2018/2019 overall crime has decreased at an average annual rate of 1.53% within the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. Violent crime decreased by 1.47% since 2008/2009, while property crimes decreased by 1.94% between the 2008/2009 and 2018/2019 financial years.3

From the chart above it is evident that property crime is a major problem relative to violent crime. Property crimes comprise of crimes that are classified as less violent in nature and involve acts against property. The crimes included in this index are as follows: arson, malicious damage to property, crimen injuria, burglary at residential premises, burglary at business premises, theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle, theft out of or from motor vehicle, stock-theft, illegal possession of firearms and ammunition, drug-related crime, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, all theft not mentioned elsewhere, commercial crime and shoplifting.

3Ga-Segonyana. 2019. 2019/20 IDP review. 24 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

3.1.10 Education and Skills Profile

According to the 2018 Community Survey, 32.5% of those above 20 years of age had a Matric, which increased from 30,3% in 2011. This is the second highest following Matjhabeng Local Municipality in Free State. 25 180 (4.4%) had complete primary schooling while 21 513 (5.2%) had no schooling.

John Taolo Gaetsewe District's functional literacy rate of 76% (131 335) in 2019 was lower than the provincial rate of 79.74%, and lower than the national rate 85%. In the District Municipality, Gamagara Local Municipality had the highest literacy rate, with a total of 82.4%. The lowest literacy rate can be observed in the Joe Morolong Local Municipality with a total of 63.3%.

Within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, the number of people above the age of 20 years without any schooling decreased from 2009 to 2019 with an average annual rate of -0.59% and in 2019 accounts for 10,2% (15 555) of the total number of people without schooling in the Northern Cape province which is 68 120 and a total share of 2 128 722 nationally.

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Johan Taolo Gaetsewe Highest level of Education Population 20+

Matric & Postgrad degree; 0,8% Matric & Bachelors degree; 2,1% Matric & certificate / diploma; 5,9% Matric only; 24,2% Certificate / diploma without matric; 0,4% 1 Grade 10-11; 23,8%

Grade 7-9; 17,4%

Grade 3-6; 12,7%

Grade 0-2; 2,5%

No schooling; 10,2%

0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% 30,0% Percentage

According to HIS Markit, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District’s number of people within the 'matric only' category, is 24,2% (37 051) out of a share of 218 352 for the Northern Cape province and a national total number of 11 309 518. The number of people with 'matric and a certificate/diploma' increased with an average annual rate of 4.80%, with the number of people with a 'matric and a Bachelor's' degree increasing with an average annual rate of 4.27%. Overall improvement in the level of education is visible with an increase in the number of people with 'matric' or higher education. The number of people with a matric and a Postgrad degree constitutes 13.04% of the province and 0.18% of the national. .

26 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

The Community Survey 2016 shows that 94,8% of school children between the age of 5 – 17 years are in school, which is about the same rate as Northern Cape (94,41%) and about the same rate as South Africa (94,9%).

PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 27

28 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

4. Drivers Of The Economy 4.1 Structure of the Economy Breaking down the total population of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality (256 000) into working age and non-working age, the number of people that are of working age is about 158 000. Out of the working age group, 54.7% are participating in the labour force, meaning 86 200 residents of the district municipality forms currently part of the economically active population (EAP).

From 2008 to 2018, the average annual increase in the EAP in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality was 3.73%, which is 1.7 percentage points higher than the growth in the EAP of Northern Cape's for the same period. The following graph illustrates the labour market in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District:

Source: IHS Markit: At-a-Glance: John Taolo Gaetsewe

The number of formally employed people in John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality counted 56 900 in 2018, which is about 92.28% of total employment, while the number of people employed in the informal sector counted 4 760 or 7.72% of the total employment. PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 29

The economic sectors that recorded the largest number of employment in John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality in 2018, were the community services sector (formal and informal employment combined) with a total of 14 600 employed people or 23.6% of total employment in the district municipality. The mining sector with a total of 13 200 (21.5%) employs the second highest number of people relative to the rest of the sectors. The electricity sector with 304 (0.5%) is the sector that employs the least number of people in John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, followed by the transport sector with 1640 (2.7%) people employed.

4.1.1 Primary Sector The primary sector consists of two broad economic sectors namely the mining and the agricultural sector. The following chart represents the average growth rate in the GVA for both of these sectors in John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

Gross value added (GVA) by primary sector 2009-2019 15%

10%

5%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

-5%

-10% Agriculture Mining

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

Between 2009 and 2019, the agriculture sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2017 with an average growth rate of 12.4%. It is evident for the mining sector that the highest positive growth rate also existed in 2017 and it experienced a growth rate of 9.1% which is lower than that of the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector experienced the lowest growth for the period during 2019 at -7.0%, while the mining sector reaching its lowest point of growth in 2016 at -1.9%. Both the agriculture and mining sectors are generally characterised by volatility in growth over the period. 30 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

4.1.2 Secondary Sector The secondary sector consists of three broad economic sectors namely the manufacturing, electricity and the construction sector. The following chart represents the average growth rates in the GVA for these sectors in John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

Gross value added (GVA) by secondary sector 20% 2009-2019

15%

10%

5%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -5%

-10% Manufacturing Electricity Construction

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

Between 2009 and 2019, the manufacturing sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2011 with a growth rate of 9.9%. The construction sector reached its highest growth in 2009 at 16.9%. The manufacturing sector experienced its lowest growth in 2019 of -2.0%, while construction sector reached its lowest point of growth in 2019 a with -4.3% growth rate. The electricity sector experienced the highest growth in 2011 at 7.7%, while it recorded the lowest growth of -2.3% in 2019.

4.1.3 Tertiary Sector The following chart represents the average growth rates in the GVA for trade, transport, finance and the community services sectors: PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 31

Gross value added (GVA) by tertiary sector 15% 2009-2019

10%

5%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -5% Trade Transport Finance Community services

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946 The trade sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2011 with a growth rate of 12.5%. It is evident for the transport sector that the highest positive growth rate also existed in 2011 at 12.0% which is lower than that of the manufacturing sector. The finance sector experienced the highest growth rate in 2011 when it grew by 10.1% and recorded the lowest growth rate in 2010 at -2.1%. The Trade sector had the lowest growth rate in 2009 at -1.4%. The community services sector, which largely consists of government, experienced its highest positive growth in 2011 with 12.6% and the lowest growth rate in 2019 with 0.2%.

4.1.4 Informal Economy Informal employment in John Taolo Gaetsewe increased from 3 440 in 2009 to an estimated 5 330 in 2019. In 2019 the Trade sector recorded the highest number of informally employed, with a total of 1 720 employees or 32.34% of the total informal employment. This can be expected as the barriers to enter the Trade sector in terms of capital and skills required is less than with most of the other sectors. The Manufacturing sector has the lowest informal employment with 390 and only contributes 7.31% to total informal employment.

“BETWEEN 2009 AND 2019, THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR EXPERIENCED THE HIGHEST POSITIVE GROWTH IN 2011 WITH A GROWTH RATE OF 9.9%.”

32 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

5. Service Delivery 5.1 Water The Community Survey 2016 shows that 89,2% (216 053) of the population are getting water from a regional or local service provider which is less than the rate in the Northern Cape (92,17) and higher than the rate in South Africa 86,2%. Only 19% of households have piped water inside the yard whilst 20% households receive piped water inside the dwelling, 27% receive piped water on a community stand and 24% in a community tap.

According to HIS Markit, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality had a total number of 20 200 (or 26.86%) households with piped water inside the dwelling, a total of 17 200 (22.88%) households had piped water inside the yard and a total number of 1 250 (1.66%) households had no formal piped water.

Households by type of water access - John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, 2018 Communal Communal piped Piped piped water: Piped water: less than No formal water more than water in 200m from piped Total inside 200m from yard dwelling (At water dwelling dwelling RDP-level) (Below RDP) Joe Morolong 2,830 1,990 13,440 4,792 814 23,867 Ga-Segonyana 8,023 9,239 12,116 5,336 410 35,124 Gamagara 9,298 5,939 719 63 22 16,041 Total 20,151 17,167 26,275 10,191 1,247 75,032 John Taolo Gaetsewe Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

The regions within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality with the highest number of households with piped water inside the dwelling is Gamagara Local Municipality with 9 300 or a share of 46.14% of the households with piped water inside the dwelling within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. The region with the lowest number of households with piped water inside the dwelling is Joe Morolong Local Municipality PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 33

with a total of 2 830 or a share of 14.05% of the total households with piped water inside the dwelling within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality.

5.2 Sanitation The Community Survey 2016 shows that 31,6% (76 549) of the population have access to flush or chemical toilets which is significantly less than the rate in the Northern Cape (71%) and about half the rate in South Africa 63,53%. Only 58% of households have access to pit toilets, and 7% households do not have access to any toilets.

According to IHS Markit, 2018, the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality had a total number of 28 165 flush toilets (37.52% of total households), 20 140 Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP) (26.83% of total households) and 20 959 (27.92%) of total households pit toilets4.

Flush toilet Ventilation Pit toilet Bucket No toilet Total Improved Pit system (VIP) Joe Morolong 2,390 14,200 5,370 511 1,440 23,900 Ga-Segonyana 11,000 5,740 15,400 327 2,660 35,100 Gamagara 14,800 230 150 19 836 16,000 Total JTG 28,165 20,140 20,959 858 4,941 75,063

Ga-Segonyana had the most households (2 660) without toilet facilities, as well as the biggest backlog with regard to pit toilets without ventilation (15 400), which is below the RDP-level. In its efforts to eradicate sanitation backlogs, the Ga-Segonyana Municipality has embarked on a three-year programme with the appointment of a dedicated service provider. This makes it easier to deliver the construction of VIP units across the Municipality.

5.3 Human Settlements In 2018, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality had 14 007 (18.66% of total households) very formal dwelling units, 46 415 (61.84% of total households) formal dwelling units and 7 456 (9.93% of total households) informal dwelling units.

4 IHS Markit. 2018. Statistical overview: John Taolo Gaetsewe District municipality. 34 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

Very Other Formal Formal Informal Traditional dwelling type Total

Joe Morolong 1,112 16,710 2,593 3,344 108 23,867 Ga-Segonyana 4,051 25,465 3,054 2,085 469 35,124 Gamagara 8,943 4,010 1,839 975 274 16,041

Total 14,106 46,185 7,486 6,403 851 75,032

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

The region within the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality with the highest number of very formal dwelling units is the Gamagara Local Municipality with 8 940 or a share of 63.40% of the total very formal dwelling units within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. The region with the lowest number of very formal dwelling units is the Joe Morolong Local Municipality with a total of 1 110 or a share of 7.88% of the total very formal dwelling units within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality.

5.4 Waste Management In John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, 61 030 (25,2%) households receive formal refuse removal from a local authority, private company or from community members. 3% of households are not being serviced, 64% rely on their own communal dump whilst 4% make use of a communal dump.

5.5 Roads and Transport The road network composition in the John Taolo District Municipality gives an indication of the calculated road lengths by surfaced type and road class as shown in the figure below: PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 35

A substantial portion of un-surfaced roads (73.6%) are local access roads and streets, the majority of which are found mostly in the Joe Morolong area. Noticeable is the virtual absence of surfaced roads in the Joe Morolong Municipal area were substantial settlement has taken place. The Joe Morolong municipality indicates in its 2017/18 annual report that during the 2017-18 Financial Year, construction of 4.2 kilometres of internal- and access road projects were embarked on. Slow contractor performance was experienced on some projects. The nature of these projects were to upgrade gravel roads to tar/paving blocks. In the municipalities of Gamagara and Ga- Segonyana, fewer local access roads are found due to fewer settlements and a higher degree of concentration around settlements.

Ga-Segonyana municipality indicates in the 2017/18 annual report that existing surfaced roads in Kuruman, Mothibistad and Wrenchville have aged and require resealing and patching. Some existing gravel or collector roads in Ga-Segonyana are in a constant need of maintenance due the high volumes of traffic and the damage caused by storm water runoff. The riding quality deteriorates rapidly and requires regular grading and re-gravelling. This high maintenance activities impact heavily on the Municipal operating budget. The Municipality is currently embarking on a rural roads programme with an intention to pave the existing gravel roads. To date, a total of 31,7km of paved and surfaced roads have been completed through this programme.

5.6 Electricity The John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality is providing electricity services to 254 525 households leaving and has a backlog of only 10 889 (4%) households without 36 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO electricity. 85% have in-house prepaid meter, 5% have in-house conventional meter and o% rely on other sources. 8.7% of the population have not access to electricity.

The John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality had a total number of 5 440 (7.76%) households with electricity for lighting only, a total of 60 100 (85.77%) households had electricity for lighting and other purposes and a total number of 4 540 (6.47%) households did not use electricity.

Electricity for Electricity for Not using lighting and Total lighting only electricity other purposes Joe Morolong 4,330 16,900 1,700 22,900 Ga- 658 30,000 1,760 32,400 Segonyana Gamagara 456 13,300 1,070 14,800 Total JTG 5,440 60,135 4,538 70,114 Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1750

The region within John Taolo Gaetsewe with the highest number of households with electricity for lighting and other purposes is Ga-Segonyana Local Municipality with 30 000 or a share of 49.86% of the households with electricity for lighting and other purposes within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. The Region with the lowest number of households with electricity for lighting and other purposes is Gamagara Local Municipality with a total of 13 300 or a share of 22.05% of the total households with electricity for lighting and other purposes within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality.

PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 37

“A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF UN-SURFACED ROADS (73.6%) ARE LOCAL ACCESS ROADS AND STREETS, THE MAJORITY OF WHICH ARE FOUND MOSTLY IN THE JOE MOROLONG AREA.”

6. Governance And Management 6.1 Municipality Performance The table below reflects the District and its local municipalities’ audit outcomes over the past three years. Some of the critical concern raised by the Auditor-General for the 2017/18 findings relates to significant doubt of the municipalities ability to continue. The District incurred fruitless and wasteful expenditure of R2 282 193 during 2017/18 due to penalties and interest arising from a VAT audit.

Municipality Audit opinion 2017/18 Audit opinion 2016/17 Audit opinion 2015/16 Joe Morolong Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Ga-Segonyana Qualified Qualified Disclaimer Gamagara Disclaimer Qualified Unqualified with findings JTG Unqualified with findings Unqualified with findings Unqualified with findings

6.2 Municipal Capacity The capital budget for the 2019/2020 financial year is R433 787 million. As indicated in the graph below, the capital budget per component within John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality ndicates a significant portion of the budget has been allocated to water supply, electricity and roads infrastructure given the challenges and backlogs the municipality faces. 38 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

John Taolo Gaetsewe: Budgeted 2019/20 Capex

Land 1829 800 Transport Assets 3500 000 Machinery and Equipment 7565 888 Furn and Office Equipment 2679 000 Computer Equipment 3025 000 Intangible Assets 2095 000 Other Assets 1852 000 Investment Properties - Community Assets 15103 855 Inform and Comm Infrastr 4500 000 Solid Waste Infrastr 1100 000 Sanitation Infrastr 31629 204 233000 604 Water Supply Infrastr Electircal Infrastr 79060 000 Storm Water Infrastr - Roads Infrastr 46847 025

6.3 Traditional Affairs & Governance The John Taolo Gaetsewe District has nine (9) Traditional Authorities in the District distributed as follows; two (2) are in Ga-Segonyana Local Municipality and seven (7) are in Joe Morolong Local Municipality as listed hereunder. The below indicates the traditional authorities including their seats and leaders within the District.

Traditional Seat/ Main Traditional No. Local Municipality Authorities Offices Leader Batlharo Ba Ga 1. Joe Morolong LM Ga-Morona Kgosi Dioka Phadima Batlhaping Boo Kgosi 2. Phuduhutswana Ba Ga Joe Morolong LM Cassel Thaganyane Thaganyane Batlhoro Ba Ga 3. Ga-Segonyana LM Batlharos Kgosi Toto Motlhware Batlharo Ba Ga 4. Joe Morolong LM Padstow Kgosi Lotlhware Lotlhware Batlhaping Boo 5. Phuduhutswana Ba Ga Joe Morolong LM Camden Kgosi Phetlhu Phetlhu Batlhaping Boo 6. Phuduhutswana Ba Ga Ga-Segonyana LM Manyeding Kgosi Jantjie Jantjie Batlhaping Boo 7. Phuduhutswana Ba ga Joe Morolong LM Deurward Kgosi Mahura Mahura Ga-Tsoe 8. Batlharo Ba Ga Bareki Joe Morolong LM Kgosi Bareki (Heuningvlei) Batlhaping Ba Ga 9. Joe Morolong LM Ga-Sehunelo Kgosi Sehunelo Sehunelo

PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 39

The Traditional Leaders (Dikgosi) are supported by Headmen (Dikgosana) who are given areas to look after and have to report to the Traditional Leader (Kgosi) through a Traditional Council system. The number of Dikgosana is determined by Kgosi and the Traditional Council. They assist the Traditional Leaders (Dikgosi) with customary administrative issues within the respective traditional areas. The numbers will differ from one Traditional Council to another.

The table below reflects of the number of traditional leaders in the Northern Cape province which resides only in the Joe Morolong and Gasegonyane local municipalities in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District:

SENIOR HEADMAN/ PROVINCE DISTRICT LOCALS TRADITIONAL HEADWOMEN LEADER JOE JOHN 7 11 NORTHERN MOROLONG TAOLO CAPE GA GAETSEWE 1 9 SEGONYANE 8 20

Historically, traditional authority areas and areas in which homelands were designated were particularly underdeveloped.

The following figure5 indicates a few measures of this underdevelopment through showing: • The percentage of wards in which there are traditional authorities; • The percentage of land coverage of the municipality in which traditional authorities are found; and • The percentage of land in the municipality which was part of a homeland.

About 80% of the land mass of Joe Morolong is Trust Land and is under the custodianship of Traditional Leaders.

5 Municipal Demarcation Board. 2019. Municipal capacity assessment 2018: John Taolo Gaetsewe 40 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

7. Projects To Diversify And Grow People And Economy 7.1 Social Development Projects

The table below shows the social development needs expressed by profiled households in John Taolo Gaetsewe District. The greatest need experienced by 28.1% of the respondents was for education services of which the most important was for school uniforms. Health services’ needs were expressed by 26.9% of profiled persons and the main need was for a medical check‐up for illness. Another 18.5% or 20,352 persons articulated a need for housing or a shelter. Assistance with learnerships was a need expressed by 8.6% of profiled persons.

A need for social grants was cited by 4.9% of respondents who were eligible for a grant but not receiving a grant. Of those 4.2% of household members that required assistance concerning their small business, the majority needed assistance in applying for funding. Compensation for occupational injuries and/or diseases was the most important identified labour service need (2.8%). Overall, 2.4% of profiled persons needed assistance from the Department of Home Affairs mainly with identity documents. Social assistance was needed by 2.1% of the profiled persons and the main need was for child maintenance services. Table: Needs in JTG district

7.2 Spatial Development The draft National Spatial Development Framework of 2019 (NSDF) identified the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality as a National Transformation Corridor Priority (North Western Transformation Corridor) which is an area focussing on a production PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 41

transition area and rail corridor. The district is also located in the Arid-Agri Innovation Region with extensive agricultural activities with pockets of intensive irrigation farming, mining clusters, renewable energy farms and small compact settlements. Some portions of the district are also located within the National Eco-Resource Production region. (Refer to figure 15.1 and 15.2). The N14 is also traversing through the district.

Source Draft NSDF, 2019)

Source Draft NSDF, 2019)

Similarly, to the Draft NSDF, the Draft PSDF identifies the JTGDM as a Rural Regeneration Zone. Development within the John Taolo Gaetsewe District raises an 42 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO issue of the traditional dichotomy between urban and rural, town and countryside. The structure of the local economy shadows the discrepancy between urban and rural. These realities underscore the necessity of putting together a spatial strategy within the broader development context. It should thus focus on managing the form and texture of development, in a manner that contributes to the following performance criteria: • Developing a comprehensive spatial system that promotes integration of the previously disparate areas and eliminates the gap between where people live and where they work. • Improving the overall quality of the urban environment by better integrating environmental concerns within development planning and urban management practices. • Creating the base for efficiency in the delivery of services (water, electricity, sanitation, etc.), movement, investment and decision-making. • Promoting integrated and coordinated development with all stakeholders working towards a common development vision and agenda. • Creating a more efficient and productive sub-region through the development adoption of policies that seeks to build of the competitive advantages while also unlocking new opportunities.

A Rural Economic Development Zone strategy needs to be development to improve the living conditions and opportunities of the communities residing in traditional areas. The strategy needs to aim at the following objectives: • Upgrading informal settlements and transforming illegal structures into legal ones thus improving the provincial housing statistics. • The recognition of three fundamental conditions which include property rights, property values and physical attributes of the underlying assets and their impact on each other. • Beyond the legal dimensions of upgrading the informal settlements, the strategy also needs to aim at promoting improvement of services such as water, electricity, sanitation, road infrastructure, etc. • Kuruman has been identified as the Rural Investment Node. It is strategically located to serve rural settlements. • The Kuruman node would improve accessibility towards provincial and national development markets and opportunities by unlocking the proposed national road () upgrade between Kimberley and Kuruman.

PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 43

The Gamagara corridor comprises the mining belt of the John Taolo Gaetsewe and Siyanda districts and runs from Lime Acres and Danielskuil to Hotazel in the north. The corridor focuses on the mining of iron and manganese. An important element of the Northern Cape Spatial Development Framework is that it gives official recognition to the Gamagara Corridor as a mining belt across the JTG and ZF Ncgawu districts. Furthermore, while requiring the development of these districts’ mineral wealth, the framework calls for a parallel process of socio-economic development that will provide for the larger community after the demise of mines in 30 to 50 years.

Taken together, these provincial plans provide a reasonably comprehensive framework for development in the Northern Cape. A drawback is that some of them may be out of date. The Gamagara Mining Corridor that is currently loosely demarcated as an area stretching from Danielskuil and in the south to Hotazel and Moshaweng in the north, was identified as the area where a lack of infrastructure provision is causing serious constraints in the growth of the mining industry as well as limiting the economic development of the area.

The Gamagara Development Corridor is part of the Strategic Integrated Projects (SIPs). The SIPs are a product of the National Infrastructure Projects (NIP). The NIP was initiated to provide a background on cabinet’s decision to establish a body to integrate and coordinate the long-term infra-structure build known as the Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Council (PICC). The PICC presents the spatial mapping of infrastructure gaps which analyses future population growth, projected economic growth and areas of the country which are not served with water, electricity, roads, sanitation and communication. Based on this work, eighteen (18) Strategic Integrated Projects (SIPs) have been developed and approved to support economic development and address service delivery in the poorest provinces.

“THE GAMAGARA CORRIDOR COMPRISES THE MINING BELT OF THE JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE AND SIYANDA DISTRICTS AND RUNS FROM LIME ACRES AND DANIELSKUIL TO HOTAZEL IN THE NORTH.”

44 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO

7.3 Infrastructure Projects The following table lists some of the Community needs identified in the IDP’s:

Ga-Segonyana Gamagara Joe Morolong

Storm water drains need to be upgraded and Water and Sanitation- Bulk and existing Water for livestock should be cleaned on a regular basis infrastructure upgrade and maintenance

Provision of electricity and upgrading of War on Pot-holes Water at cemetery infrastructure

Repair street lights Storm water master plan RDP Houses

Human settlements and Housing (Subsidies; land; land tenure, Sewage overflows have to be attended timeously Mobile clinic Surveying and Re-surveying and pegging of stands)

Unkempt town hall to be renovated Proper billing systems Toilets at cemetery

Proper communication between council and Informal traders are to be formalized Extension and infill of electricity communities

Visibility of SAPS to be increased on the roads in Street names and Renaming High mast lights the CBD

Provision of yard connections Parks and Recreation facilities Rental of farms

SMME/Contractor Development (proper policy Yard connection taps are not working since they for informal economic Refurbishment of boreholes have been installed sectors-30% Local content)

Provision of water at Bankhara Primary School Health Services No water (Shortage of diesel)

Electricity boxes to be fixed due to the units on the Pro-active planning and surveying of land/ Curb Community complained about the development coupons that do not last illegal occupation of land of Heuningvlei

Services to be installed at Mahore Park so that An effective SDF to encourage a compact Incomplete road/ project Makhubung residents can get stand numbers urban structure

Municipal grader is not working properly in the Dipico road to be tarred up to Seven Miles Customer Care Services streets (Perth)

A Police Station in Ward 2 Shortage of nurses

Weekly programmes to notify residents when water Gravelling of a road (from Kuruman to Ganap) is not going to be available

Small Businesses/ Projects to be assisted with Payment of water is too expensive funds

Request chairs of the community hall Pepsi Collection of rubbish for all the residents village

Provision of a Mobile Clinic at Tswelelopele Illegal connection of water

Provision of RDP Houses Incomplete toilets (Kanana)

Covers for pit toilets SASSA Pensioners pay point at Ganap2

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7.4 Economic Projects The Gamagara Development Corridor constitutes the SIP 3 (South-Eastern node & corridor development – Increase manganese rail capacity in the Northern Cape and SIP 5 (Saldanha-Northern Cape development corridor - Expansion of iron ore mining production and beneficiation). The following table includes the top 25% of high impact/catalytic projects as identified in the Northern Cape Provincial Growth Development Plan 2018 as well as proposed catalytic projects identified in the JTGDM SDF Review (2017):

PGDP Driver of Change Project Sector Driver 1: Economic Growth, Northern Cape Iron Smelter Manufacturing and trade Development And Prosperity Driver 4: Accountable & Effective Provincial mining strategy (Mining and Mining Governance mineral beneficiation) Driver 2: Social Equity & Human Agri-Park Programme Agriculture and agro-processing Welfare Driver 1: Economic Growth, New Industries in the manufacturing Innovation and the knowledge economy Development And Prosperity revolution Driver 2: Social Equity & Human Logistics Hub / storage facilities for locally Rural development, land reform and food Welfare produced crops security

Driver 1: Economic Growth, Northern Cape Metals Cluster Company Manufacturing and trade Development And Prosperity Driver 1: Economic Growth, Metal Fabrication Factory Manufacturing and Trade Development And Prosperity Driver 3: Environmental Sustainability Promote small-scale and subsistence Rural development, land reform and food And Resilience farming security Driver 2: Social Equity & Human One Hectare One Household Agriculture and agro-processing Welfare Driver 3: Environmental Sustainability A Renewable energy and gas energy Energy And Resilience business incubator Driver 1: Economic Growth, Kathu Supplier Park Manufacturing and trade Development And Prosperity Driver 1: Economic Growth, Mamathwane Compilation Yard Mining Development And Prosperity

7.5 Environmental forecast In The Kalahari Basin, in which the JTGDM is located, is a flat, sand-covered, semi- desert region with (1) large pans north of , (2) dry river beds, such as the Nossob and Molopo, and (3) dunes striking in a north-westerly direction. Outcrops are scarce in this sand-covered expanse.

Located in a semi-arid part of South Africa, the JTGDM receives between 500mm annual rainfall in the south-eastern and 200mm in the north western part of the district. This is below the generally accepted average of 500mm per annum for dry land cropping.

The mean annual minimum/maximum temperatures in the district range between 8°C and 28°C, with the mean annual temperatures ranging between 16°C and 20°C (EMF, 2011). As alluded to above, the harsh climate is accompanied by high evaporation 46 PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO rates due to the high summer temperatures, which limits the contribution of precipitation to the water reserves in the area.

The JTDM falls entirely within the Savanna Biome. More specifically, the broad vegetation types for the area have been listed as Kalahari Thornveld, Kalahari Plains Bushveld/Shrubby Kalahari Dune Bushveld and Eastern Kalahari Bushveld. The ecological richness of the different “regions” in the area is located on the lower end of the national spectrum. On a finer grading scale, only the Mafikeng Bushveld is classified as ‘Vulnerable’. In a recent environmental assessment of the area (EMF 2011) it was noted that none of the conservation targets for the vegetation types present in JTGDM have been achieved. It was also noted that 25% of the Mafikeng Bushveld (located in the south east of the study area) has been transformed, mainly for cultivation and urban development purposes (EMF 2011).

8. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 Integrated Development Plan As part of improving coordination and alignment, integrated development planning in the province is needed and the Northern Cape PSDF and the District Development Model must be implemented through a single window of coordination towards spatial development and spatial management. For this to happen, all municipalities and this plan must support the Northern Cape PSDF provisions in their respective IDP’s, SDF’s and development strategies, they must ensure coherence of spatial development policy across the province, implement and their growth management policy and communicate the spatial focus of SDBIP’s effectively.

8.2 Investor and Sponsorship Opportunities The mining sector in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District produces products in excess of the local demand; therefore, it exports a considerable share of its outputs to another region bringing income for the local economy (JTG Integrated Development Plan 2012- 17). The weaker manganese price together with uncertainty off take from China’s steel industry may have undesired consequences in the mining sector. A look at the agriculture and tourism sectors would mitigate the negative impact that the mining could have within the district. Investor and sponsorship opportunities should therefore be encouraged in these sectors. PROFILE: CITY OF JOHANNESBURG METRO 47